Living Room Lecture - Amelia Earhart Archaeology: Testing the Nikumaroro Hypothesis
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- Опубликовано: 26 ноя 2021
- Lecture from 11/12/20 by Tom King. Aviation pioneers Amelia Earhart and Fred Noonan vanished over the Pacific in 1937. Since 1988 The International Group for Historic Aircraft Recovery (TIGHAR) has been doing archaeology on Nikumaroro, a remote, uninhabited island where evidence suggests Earhart and Noonan may have landed and died. Tom King, who served as TIGHAR’s senior archaeologist until 2018, describes their work and the evidence uncovered to date.
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About the San Diego Archaeological Center
The San Diego Archaeological Center is a nonprofit curation facility and museum where visitors can learn the story of how people have lived in San Diego County for the past 10,000 years. In addition to its role as a museum, the Center serves as an education and research facility and is the only local organization dedicated to the collection, study, curation and exhibition of San Diego County’s archaeological artifacts.
Note: The views and opinions expressed in this video are those of the speakers and do not necessarily reflect the official position of the San Diego Archaeological Center.
As a pilot, if I were lost and low on fuel and out of communication, the last thing I would do would be to completely change course and just drone on for 400 more miles. They would have had to have had to have 3 plus hours of fuel.If they were "low" on fuel, that usually means less than a hour of fuel left or less. That was a given at that flight endurance. So it makes no sense to say it unless really low. This is from basic flight planning and fuel management. If you have a half hour left. You better be landing. Fuel is always a calculated burn rate, and not read off the guages which are only required to be accurate when empty. No kidding! Seriously. If I suspected I was RIGHT ON YOU, I think I would be circling with each circuit being a bigger circle and looking very hard. at 1000 feet AGL It is hard to distinguish something on the sed if there are shadows of clouds on the surface.
I've heard on other videos that people on Howland Island heard her transmissions and that the transmissions were so loud that they ran outside thinking that the aircraft was directly over the island.
Amazingly, this speaker overlooked mentioning that this is not just Ric Gillespie's theory, it is the ORIGINAL theory of Earhart's disappearance, pursued by the US Navy as the very first place they looked beginning only days after she disappeared in July 1937. Everybody involved proceeded according to this theory at that time. The problem was, the Navy's search of the island was done by AIR ONLY, a manner which would be very unlikely to see one or two people standing somewhere on the island. Hence, this theory remains possible still.
Otherwise, this was an especially detailed and well-organized talk as concerns the speaker's area of expertise, the archeology of the investigation, and well worth it.
Was not the original theory. Itasca turned North along the LOP immediately after she was presumed out of fuel and down. Search box then went west and then east. After a week, at the insistence of Putnam, did the Navy search Gardner Island.
Most what is presented in this video is hearsay and speculation. Every point is cherry picked to reinforce their theory. Those DF steers he shows only shows the ones he wants. Many indicated other places. All were considered to be erroneous. Either by limitations of the technology or searchers and hoaxers transmitting on AE's last frequency. Lockheed stated that radio transmissions could only be transmitted with the right engine running. They would have to have enough fuel to reach the Howland area, fly another 400 miles and have enough fuel leftover to run the engine on the ground.
Lockheed and the Navy surmised that was simply not possible.
That was fascinating and an interesting and credible account of how Earhart might have (at least initially) survived. I don't think I have heard before of the radio messages heard after she failed to arrive.
Interesting stuff.
Very informative. Thank you. It's a shame that parts of engines haven't been found. They would have the most metal that a metal detector could ping on.
I also saw a recent RUclips post that included a video of the the Electria taking off from Lae. As the plane is on its take-off run it starts to lift-off but then makes contact with the ground creating a dirt cloud. It was hypothesized that this damaged the lower antenna that was needed to receive radio transmissions. This could account for why the Electria could transmit but could not receive.
This archaeological research is interesting, but Amelia only lived in Nikumaroro for a week or less. So a great deal of effort and research went into following in the footsteps of a dozen or so meals in 1937. Radio activity on the frequency used by Amelia was noted by professional radio operators who plotted the direction of the messages, which all converged on Nikumaroro. Then various private listeners heard harmonics on different frequencies, but they heard Ameiia "s voice and her distress messages. And the messages are all consistent: she's on a desert island, not marked on the charts, Fred Noonan is in a serious condition, they've run out of water. There's no need to look for further proof, especially as Gallagher is sure he's found her skeleton and is sure she died of thirst. That's more than enough. Among the objects found is even a jar of mercury cream, a freckle remover, the brand Amelia used... All clear, no need to spend hours looking for more clues. As for the plane, like all pilots Amelia tried to tie it down to the platitude, but all she had were light cords and brass wire. She had landed at the end of the low tides but just after her landing the tidal coefficients rose and 4 or 5 days later her plane broke loose and floated away. After several kilometers, it began to sink, and when it reached a depth of 50 meters, its tanks crashed and ruptured. The plane's diving speed accelerated, and it began to glide underwater, covering several more kilometers. If you look further, you'll get a good echo and find the whole plane. See my website : ameliaearhart.free.fr
It makes no sense that they would land there some 400 miles away from Howland.
They would have stayed closer to where their navigation said they should be on top of it and circled.
If anybody was castaway and near death they would have left a permanent marker whether carved into a tree or stone or aluminium sheet to say "Amelia was here and the date" or even used large rocks to spell out a message to it was permanent as possible
think about radio skip as with a cb radio it can reach 100s of miles and can be very strong so they may not been as close as people think
0:15:43 The 'W' is silent, it is pronounced norrich.
52:11
on the left side of aluminum sheet are three cutouts that could be...what was that hair comb made of?
Sadly, TIGHAR has a very SEVERE case of tunnel-vision. They also FREQUENTLY practice OMITTING facts. They make a HUGE deal regarding their archeological digs that Multiple camp-fire sites were uncovered. Which would be quite remarkable on an uninhabited atoll. However, they also do not put hardly any emphasis upon the FACT that Gardiners (Niku.) Island had, since Amelias disappearance, been colonized, farmed (coconut groves planted) and had even hosted a US coastguard base. So while Gardiners was a deserted atoll at the time of Amelia Earhart, it would be less than 5 years later, before all of that changed. Giving TIGHAR the appearance of more credibility is the fact that Niku is once again abandoned. If they gave us, the general public, those lesser known irrefutable facts, it would no doubt, also give their "abundance" of evidence MUCH less weight and excitement.
praytell which theory has no tunnel vision? they all claim the other theories are crazy/ impossible. gillespie is not silent on gardner occupation after 1937, on video he says 'which coastguardsman needed freckle cream?' doesn't sound like omitting facts, its giving the most likely scenario.
Tighar did a lot of hard work, but they jumped the gun with their announcement back in the day.
Simply awesome
Norwich City. Built in Hartlepool and operated by UK companies would be pronounced 'Norritch' City by builders and owners.
Why did they kill her after keeping her alive for years
In 1987, the Republic of Marshall Islands issued a set of commemorative stamps/envelope covers in honor of Marshallese 50th anniversary of Amelia’s WITNESSED landing on Mili Atoll. Aviation pioneer Amelia M. Earhart and navigator Fred Noonan were apprehended during their equatorial around-the-world flight in July 1937 on Barre Island, Mili Atoll, Marshall Islands, by Imperial Japan for military asset surveillance. Interned as prisoners to Japanese regional Jaluit Atoll headquarters, eventually to Saipan’s westside Garapan prison, they endured brutal agony, ultimately expiring on Saipan, never returning home again. While Earhart’s last flight from Lae, Papua New Guinea to Howland Island was only 2500 miles, the donor-funded, customized Lockheed Electra 10-E (“flying laboratory”, as Amelia labeled it, having auxiliary tanks fueled with 1151 gallons) had an extended range of 4300 miles. Lockheed engineer (Robert T. Elliot) interviewed declared modifying Electra’s fuselage, allowing installation of two (Fairchild) reconnaissance cameras. Lockheed technician (Rollo Christy) stated in 1982 interview sophisticated camera equipment had been installed on plane. Navy microfilm clerk (Caroll F. Harris) assigned to Earhart’s files, recalled complete photographic details of surveillance camera installation/operation to the Electra’s hull. ONI discovered Earhart’s captivity through code breaking of Japanese radio intercepts, and a 1937 Jaluit Atoll intelligence photo. [Marshall Islands’ Ministry of Foreign Affairs in July 2017 acknowledged 1937 ONI photo of Jaluit Island dock (exhibiting valid evidence of Earhart, Noonan and Electra) was built by Japanese forces in 1936]. The U.S., unprepared for an objectionable war with Japan in 1937, did not enter the Japanese-mandated Marshall Islands. ONI, Adm. Nimitz, USMC Gens. Erskine, Vandegrift, and Watson, the 2nd Marine Division 1944 Saipan invasion commander, substantiated Earhart and Noonan perished on Saipan for aerial reconnaissance through intelligence interview factual evidence, without fanfare, without ulterior motives (i.e., Saipan’s Chamorro guards employed by the Kenpeitai-Japan’s military police and civilians). Admiral Nimitz’s 1965 sincere words to San Francisco’s KCBS investigator, and Amelia Earhart researcher Fred A. Goerner, “Now that you’re going to Washington, Fred, I want to tell you Earhart and her navigator went down in the Marshalls and were picked up by Japanese.” Hundreds of native witnesses from Mili, Jaluit (Bilimon Amaron: Noonan’s injury medic), Kwajalein Atolls, and Saipan (Josephine B. Akiyama: Earhart eyewitness) placed her in Micronesia, west of Howland Island. Scores of US military witnesses (Thomas Devine) witnessed Amelia’s NR16020 Electra on Saipan’s Aslito Airfield’s hanger. Devine attested to initials “FN” and “AE” carved on Amelia’s Garapan prison cell wall, as well as plate on cell door, reading “July 29, 1937.” (Julious E. Nabers) viewed plane destroyed on Aslito, hiding evidence. (Robert Wallack) discovered Earhart’s briefcase and personal effects in blown safe on Saipan. In 1964, Everett Henson Jr. (Sacramento,Ca.), and Bill G. Burks (Dallas,Tx.), came forward as 2 former U.S. Marines who recovered skeletal fragments of Earhart and Noonan in unmarked graves [identifying Capt. Tracy Griswold (Erie, Pa.) as supervisor] near a small graveyard on Saipan in July of 1944, depositing remains in metal canisters for transport back home. Saipanese witnesses claim Earhart succumbed from dysentery, while Noonan perished via execution. The Japan Times reported Mrs. Michiko Sugita’s Nov. 13, 1970 declaration, as the 11 year-old daughter of civilian Saipanese chief of police in 1937, asserting Amelia Earhart expired on Saipan during WWII. US govt. built an airstrip (Howland Is.), docked a Coast Guard ship (Itasca) guiding Amelia, created worldwide flight plan logistics, assigned a 17-day Navy Task Force search, for a clandestine mission using celebrity status as cover. Follow former US military’s, Saipanese and Marshallese firsthand corroborated evidence, not NSA/CIA funded spin influencing narratives. Remembering perilous war era turmoil, undercover operatives from 1937 were an expendable past, as the govt.’s nexus was vanquishing Imperial Japan. Lastly as victors of war and subsequently writers of history, the U.S. chose American egocentrism, erasing exposed and tragic Earhart evidence/witnessing forthwith. Amelia’s Earhart’s 1937-1944 last days captive are classified and censored by Washington for propaganda, U.S. prewar secrecy, FDR’s WWII political reputation, and American-Japanese post-war diplomacy.
Were those Infrared cameras? Because the Lae- Howland flight was in the middle of the night when they were anywhere close to Japanese held territory. Close being about 120 miles.
Ces recherches archéologiques sont intéressantes mais Amelia n'a vécu qu'une semaine à Nikumaroro voir moins. Donc beaucoup d'efforts et de recherches, sur les traces d"une dizaine de repas en 1937. Une activité radio sur la fréquence utilisée par Amelia a été notée par des opérateurs radio professionnels qui ont relevé la direction des messages, et ces relevés convergent sur Nikumaroro. Ensuite différents auditeurs privés ont entendu des harmoniques sur des fréquences différentes, mais eux ils ont entendus la voix d"Ameiia et ses messages de détresse. Et les messages sont tous cohérents, elle est sur une île déserte, non signalée sur les cartes marines, Fred Noonan est dans un état grave, ils n'ont plus d'eau. Il n'y a pas besoin de chercher d'autres preuves, d"autant que Gallagher est sûr d"avoir trouvé son squelette et qu'il est sûr qu"elle est morte de soif. C'est amplement suffisant. Parmi les objets retrouvés il y a même un pot de crème au mercure, anti tâches de rousseur, la marque qu'utilisait Amélia... Tout est clair, ce n'est plus la peine de passer des heures à chercher encore des indices. Quand à l"avion, comme tous les pilotes Amelia a cherché à l'arrimer au platier, mais elle n'avait que des cordelettes et du fil de laiton. Elle avait atterri à la fin des "mortes eaux" mais juste après son atterrissage les coefficients ont monté et 4 à 5 jours après son avion s'est décroché et il est parti au large en flottant. A plusieurs km il a commencé à couler, quand il a atteint 50m de profondeur ses réservoirs se sont écrasés et se sont rompus, la vitesse de plongée de l'avion s"est accélérée et l'avion s'est mis à planer sous l'eau et a encore parcouru plusieurs km. Il faut le chercher plus loin on aura un bon écho et on retrouvera l'avion tout entier. Voir mon site ameliaearhart.free.fr
Amazing information. I believe she did circle once, maybe twice, to find the best landing spot. Even a water landing ending on the beach.
Later the plane did wash away, just like the ship that was there. The harsh climate would help this. Now with a rising ocean the whole island may disappear? The mystery may go on forever. Did she just die there? or did something else happen? Stay tuned.
No pilot in the right mind would take off on a twenty five hundred mile overwater flight and not know a single thing about how to work the radios. Especially not back in nineteen thirty seven. The chances of her making that with newton r slim. Even if he had not been drinking Without the help of direction finding he would have to be spot on the first time. What probably happened. Was? There. Were? A bit south anyway because latitude is easy to determine its longitude which is difficult back then. So not finding hopound immediathey need to take offor somewhere or they're dead. They already are on the sunline so it's either South or North.There is nothing north so they have to go south. That means gardener. We know she was there because she was calling from there for nearly a week before expiration.
Video of take-off from Rae show her receiving antenna falling off which is why she could transmit but not receive.
@@drguffey That antenna was removed from the aircraft while it was in the U.S.
The DF radio in that aircraft was a one-off, experimental prototype. The only person trained to use it was Manning. Her original navigator. Her letters home from Lae, she explains her inability to use the radio properly. AE faults conditions not, her inexperience.
Sorry folks but we in fact do know what happened to Amelia Earhart. It is known that she was spying for the US Military. She was forced down. She was brought to Saipan. Her partner and her were tortured. He was executed in the first six months. She was held in the jail in Garapan, Saipan from 1937-1944. She was executed when the US Marines landed in '44. Over 200 witnesses saw her. I knew someone on Saipan who was in an official position for the Japanese during the war, and who revealed to me the whole story. Some of our military have revealed the truth only to be laughed at. There are several reasons the US Government wants to keep this issue a secret. Even now it could hurt people. Therefore I will not say more except to say she died for her country an American hero. Thank you for your service may you RIP.
" I knew someone on Saipan who was in an official position for the Japanese during the war, and who revealed to me the whole story." Can you get this person to relate what they knew to the rest of us, not a second-hand report?
i wish somebody would attempt to dig up the remains of the plane. I think its in Fred Goerners book from mid 60's that describes where it was burned and buried along with a bunch of japanese aircraft. He did some good research and interviews back then when many of those witnesses were still alive. Ya the coconut crab theory is silly. Henry Maude was on Gardner 3 months after she disappeared and found no evidence on the island of her, Fred, or the plane. That photo of her and Fred on the dock with the aircraft on the back of the japanese ship is pretty convincing.
There is zero evidence she was spying for the military. She flew no where near any Japanese installations. The closest she got from Lae to Howland was in the middle of the night.
Pitch black dark, middle of the night.