Why Do Butterflies Bother Being Caterpillars?
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- Опубликовано: 18 сен 2024
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It seems wild that some animals basically trade in their bodies for new ones during their lifetime, but it's actually really common - and it makes a lot of sense.
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To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
- Metamorphosis: a biological process by which an animal physically develops including birth transformation or hatching, involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt change in the animal's body structure.
- Holometabolous: a type of metamorphosis (also known as "complete metamorphosis") that involves four distinct stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult.
- Hemimetamolous: a type of metamorphosis (also known as "incomplete metamorphosis") that includes three distinct stages: the egg, nymph, and the adult stage.
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Kate Yoshida | Script Writer, Narrator and Director
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REFERENCES
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Ebenman, B (1992). Evolution in Organisms that Change Their Niches during the Life Cycle. The American Naturalist 139(5): 990-1021. doi.org/10.108...
Rolff J, Johnston PR, Reynolds S (2019). Complete metamorphosis of insects. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci Oct 14;374. doi.org/10.109...
Sherratt E, Vidal-García M, Anstis M, Keogh JS (2017). Adult frogs and tadpoles have different macroevolutionary patterns across the Australian continent. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 1(9): 1385-1391. doi.org/10.103...
Ten Brink H, de Roos AM , Dieckmann U (2019) The evolutionary ecology of metamorphosis. The American Naturalist 193(5), E116-E131. doi.org/10.108...
Truman JW (2019). The Evolution of Insect Metamorphosis, Current Biology 29(23): R1252-R1268. doi.org/10.101...
Truman JW, Riddiford LM (2019). The evolution of insect metamorphosis: a developmental and endocrine view. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B37420190070. doi.org/10.109...
Truman JW, Riddiford LM (1999). The origins of insect metamorphosis. Nature, 401(6752), 447-452. doi.org/10.103...
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Buen video, ya no tardan los científicos e ingenieros en saber del árbol de la vida en costos de evolucion como soldadura, según gravedad habitables ejemplo burdo tonto el costo de evolucion en adn, información genética, costo de vidas para sacrificar en etapas intermedias de la evolución, costos energéticos etc etc, veran que en planetas habitables rocosos de 0.5g, 1g y 1.5g ciertas ramas y fenotipos se desarrollan más que en otros, sugerencia.
It's not available in my country 😐
Kate is the best, to her boss (if Kate isn't the boss), give her a induction stove for the Minutefood channel.
If there was a Minutelanguage, that channel would say in person learning is the only way to truly learn a language. Apps are supplementary only.
I don't trust a website that
A) gives you incredible big discounts (if they can offer 95% off, this means that the former price was definitely too high and you probably never ever even would be charged that, because there's always a discount) AND
B) put fake time counters on their promotion page (if you visit the website normally, you get the same discount, with a timer that runs out at midnight - YOUR midnight, doesn't matter in which timezone you are. And after midnight, it just resets to 24 hours again).
how much is sale price in dollars? currently in thailand and looks like only 50 percent off?
I'm really happy to see a video that doesn't drag on for 10 minutes explaining nothing and keeping you on the edge of your seat like most of other "learning" channels out there. Thank you for making this concise and to the point :)
That is why the channel is called minute earth 😉
I subscribe to one that releases videos that are 3-4 hr or longer. Some of us can learn more. To each their own
@@smurfydaywhat's it called?
Well it’s because it’s oversimplified. It’s useful to get someone interested in the subject but doesn’t delve to far into it.
Those other channels are probably trying to give more detailed explanations at the cost of viewer retention.
@@laurentrobitaille2204the 3 hour ones are, but the 10 minute videos that tell you nothing are just gaming view time.
This video did an incredible job of reframing the question and still answering what we the viewers wanted to know.
Please god let me go through a metamorphosis, I really need a new left knee and lower back
i can relate. Having a broken lower body with chronic diseases really makes you wish for a new body or metomorphosis
@@Luwis1337
Try steel/ metal exo-skeleton. It'll help you but it's such a pain to remove it.
Do you think it can help you lose weight?
I think with butterflies and the like it’s easier to think of the child form being the main form and the adult form is just a transient form. We humans tend to think of the adult form as the main form because that’s how it works for us, but that’s not the case when you only spend two days as an adult and a whole year as a child.
I agree, the question should be: why do caterpillars bother to become butterflies, not the other way round.😎
@@MrX-nv8kpTo answer that one, its basically cuz they need to find someone to fuck with and make babies, yknow, keep the family tree growing
Gestation and birth is a crazy complicated process where a billion things have to be right or there's problems.
Seems like caterpillar -> butterfly is like a 2nd birth. Another billion things have to be right or there's problems.
The results for butterflies & friends are incredible, but there's also a lot of challenges.
I'm glad I don't have to go through radical physical changes to grow up -- the physical/emotional/mental changes of the teen years were hard enough!
2:20 why do you have to throw shade at my boy Metapod like that
Metapod is at +6 defense. He can take it
@@shinymainespoon unless spearow crits, then the +6 is pointless
@@tohkiatboon Use harden
0:51 I can relate xD
You deserve more likes haha
Hahaha the best comment I saw today
You mean you like eating, right?
Cool fact! Eastern Newts go through metamorphosis twice and have 3 different life stages. 4 if you count the egg stage. They go from egg, to larvae, to juvenile (red eft stage), to the adult aquatic stage.
2:49 didn't know we were so closely related to Ben Bigger
Lmao ZZZ mentioned. No wonder that chain looked very familiar
Cuz evolution is hard labor
He's kinda cute ngl...
2:27 the trophallaxis image made me laugh.
As a entomologist specialising in endopterygota and exopterygota life cycle this is a really good vid
How did you become an entomologist?
I always got the impression that metamorphosis is a universal process that sometimes happens in an egg or womb.
You might be onto something...
that was my thought, too. An embryo is going through stages, too, in a way
0:15 i remember my white redhair phase
It’s similar to generalists vs. specialists: having a specialized body for each task during each phase, versus having one body that can do a good enough job for most tasks.
So you are telling me the Xenomorph is not the perfect organism? It goes from egg to facehugger to chestburster before finally become a fully grown xenomorph.
Considering that the "f" and "h" keys are only separated by one key, I am going to give you the benefit of the doubt for typing "facefugger". If that was not an accident, however...
Technically they seem to have multiple types of sequential reproduction. (I've only seen 1,2,and 3, so if there's more, go ahead and correct me.)
First you have the egg, which hatches into a face hugger, which basically lays its own egg or whatever inside a host, then does, and then the egg or embryo or whatever takes some of its DNA.
That hatches into a chest burster, which either metamorphoses into the big one, or just grows into it. I'm not sure if it actually metamorphoses, since it looks as different from the large alien as a baby bird does from its parent, so it could go either way.
Then we have the queen who lays the eggs to become new face huggers, but the queen seems to reproduce differently.
[Spoilers for alien 3]
Somehow Ripley gets infected with a new alien Queen, which probably wasn't from the egg left in her ship, because that face hugger ended up killing and implanting into a cow.
So there seems to be at least 3 different reproductive cycles that the aliens go through, and possibly 2 different metamorphoses depending on how the queen develops.
@@weltschmerzistofthaufig2440 then what? People are free to type what they want
Milkman said it is, then it is 🧐
isnt the chestbuster just a newborn xenomorph? It only does one metamorphosis inside the host's body and after that it just grows
Are those Caterpie and Butterfree? 🦋 🐛
Yes, also Spearow. :)
Don't forget the Metapod too
I wonder 9f there's any animals that can change back to their old bodys
Some jellyfish apparently can
Theres is a jellyfish if I recall correctly. I don't know the name of it.
Turritopsis dohrnii, or the immortal jellyfish, is pretty famous for exactly this, actually! They revert into polyps when conditions aren't great.
Yep, Turritopsis dohrnii is the one! We talked about it previously, in this video: ruclips.net/video/Yc_VENHxLg0/видео.htmlsi=0mIf4TCyTrsMw1w3
The immortal Jelly fish kinda can . Instead of aging it just goes back to it's earlier life forms when the body gets damaged .
Wouldn't be really conviniant for us humans . Imagine turning back into a baby after your 40s
So, switching body shape when you realize your current food-optimized body won't get you any partner, is again how different to what most humans do ?
🤣🤣
LOL
they're 2 steps ahead of us
And most probably,the larger the animal,the more energy will be needed to change bodies,so it is possible that large animals simply cannot gatther the required energy in any amount of ressonable time,so they would not be able to change body before dieing
You haven't seen my final form.
I see your Perfect Cell and raise you a Kid Buu.
I wonder if there is a connection between this and r/K-selection. Metamorphosis seems to solve the issue of child rearing for a huge number of offspring by putting off the energy investment of a fully formed organism to when the individual has already survived the most dangerous part of its life or found a good living environment, whereas in species where more individuals survive into adulthood you can invest the energy directly into growing instead of spending extra energy remodeling the whole body
My best simple way of explaining why so many animals undergo metamorphosis: Say you have a limited supply of apples and oranges. And a species that, with only one body type, can only eat apples, or only eat oranges, but not both. If the adult can only eat oranges, and the juvenile form is just a smaller version of the adult, then the young can only eat oranges as well, so the supply of oranges can only sustain a fairly small population.
But what if... you could get the juveniles to eat apples instead. In order for the juveniles to be able to eat apples, they need a different body type that allows them to gather and digest apples instead, while their parents are eating the oranges. Since the young are eating apples, the oranges can support more adults, and thus a larger population overall-- allowing for greater genetic diversity, which is important for surviving changes in an environment.
that is true, on the other hand you become dependent on both food types. If either of them undergo a shortage, your species will suffer with less offspring or less adults, producing less offspring. It is a double edged sword and definitely worse than being able to digest both (which most mammals go for).
"A mate-seeking missile" - that's me on Friday nights. 😀
I get what you're going for and I'm all for it, but the example at 2:35 might not be the best option for the purposes of passing down your genes...
What is it? Romeo and Juliet?
@@donlevoneshabanov4437 same sex relationship
@@donlevoneshabanov4437 I guess it was because there’s two guys which means there’s no reproduction but maybe she just has short hair (probably not). Also, even if it was two guys, homosexual relationships could be good for reproduction for other reasons
Interesting. For those who have read "Ringworld" humans can evolve, metamorphize, into Protectors on eating a certain plant. Perhaps this is where Larry Niven got the concept
Ringworld was written at a time when biologists were questioning why grandparents exist. Why don't humans just die when too old to effectively raise new babies? So... he thought "what if there USED to be a reason but we LOST access to it?" A lot of great SF is like that.
Always love the art
Amazing video: The title was salient; It engaged me from the beginning eventhough I had never asked myself the question this video addresses; I easily could stay involved during the video; I learned some surprising new things
Also metamorphosis helps reduce the completion for a limited food source between adults and the young (for example tadpoles eat algae while grown frogs insects )
2:00 Haha, the giant bush of armpit hair is funny, nice touch from the artist
We humans first get butterflies in our stomach. Then we positively soar with pride when our children reach new heights. I could hear this in your voice when you talked about your children and am myself excited as most of it is still before me.
U shouldn't eat butterflies it's not nice
@@FloppyDucks butterflies in your stomach is just a metaphor they don’t mean to eat butterflies :/
Before I watch on, my guess is from an evolutionary standpoint, bugs that can fly have an easier time finding mates to reproduce as compared to those strictly grounded.
Inaccurate in that it is likely all chordates are descended from precociously fertile motile larvae of tunicate like creatures. In a way, we don’t metamorphose as we stopped needing to, not because we never did.
Way to tap into my Pokémon nostalgia decades later. Especially with the spearow
2:50 Hi Ben
2:36 the human in that picture is too funny😂
And the only known animal that can morph forth and back again,
Is the immortal jellyfish, which can morph back into a polyp when it’s stressed.
And then proceeds to produce more adult offspring.
That raises the question about shape shifting superhero characters and how they change from one form and back again without facing cellular problems.
Also what’s crazy is that the caterpillar literally turns into primordial goop inside the cocoon. Do they retain their memories?? Is it the same mind before and after metamorphosis??
In most cultures and religions, there is the concept of a rite of passage. It might be called being "born again" or getting "bloodied" or it might be more overtly about age, like a bar mitzvah. This could be seen as a kind of mental metamorphosis, where you go from a child's behaviour, suitable for being protected, to being an adult, suitable for handling life yourself. It's not anywhere near the same thing as turning into a butterfly, but it's vaguely reminiscent of that survival strategy.
As a human female, I really appreciate more partners who will find me pizza than beautiful members of our species
The dream is beauty AND pizza!
I'll buy some pizza 🍕 for you, if we're at same city, maybe
@@Cleeon You will always be welcome in Saint Petersburg
Very reasonable explanation.
They start off with body types that allow them to survive easier, or acquire food easier.
Then swap to an adult body later on, after stockpiling nutrients.
Understandable that humans don't need this, since we care for our offspring already.
so it will learn tackle and string shot faster?
metamorphosis seems to be a small animal thing? What the biggest living being that goes through it?
I thought that all vertebrates came tunicates, which had a larval stage that had some sort of a "vertebrate", and we just lost the ability to lose the vertebrae?
that last bit where her "kids" gain wings and fly away X'D even her hyena companion (familiar?) was alarmed lmao! Brilliant :3
Like that one episode of the X-Files where a woman just shred out her old self to be born young again.
That would be cool being able to get a whole new body.
It's nice to have Kate back for this episode.
What is the most number of metamorphosis stages in an animal?
Why Do Catterpillars Bother Becoming Butterflies?
It follows the same eating/mating cycle the video described. Slowly crawling around and monching works for the caterpillar, but flight allows distance to be more choosy for mates for the butterfly. Though they aren't as purpose built as the mayfly example, butters can still eat pollen, which as the video also describes doesn't compete with the cats.
or maybe our bodies never reach the conditions where our metamorphosis kicks in
Humans dont have any conditions for metamorphisis to begin with, although there *are* animals that have evolved metamorphisis but then adapted to reach sexual maturity without needing to metamorphise (eg. axolotls) while still having the code to do so in their DNA. So basically they have an entire extra form that they don't use.
@@usernametaken017What do axolotls turn into? Or, what did they used to?
@@EdKolis Salamanders!
Where is my ending pun!!!!!????
I know right, that's the whole point of these videos!
That would be hilarious if various vertebrates like mammals had larval forms. Imagine a wolf larva is like a hairy snake that hunts in the trees, makes a cocoon out of bat guano in a cave before emerging as a full fledged wolf
80% of species undergoing metamorphosis seems like a spider's Georg thingy.
My genes have yet to flip into sexy mode.
This also explains (in a video game sense) as to why so many evolutions of especially bug type in pokemon have radically different stat ratios. Although this doesn’t happen to all of them
Fun video!
The other day I found a caterpillar on a wall, through the power of Google image search I looked up what it was.
It was a vapourer moth, if you look that weird thing up, the female is flightless... It looks like a ball of lint, weirdest thing ever.
Reminds me of the Ash butterfree scene
Optimized for love
Another huge issue is size (at least pre-metamorphosis). The bigger an animal is, the more challenging that process would be to initiate.. scaling with N cubed. That's why virtually all metamorphosis starts with an animal no more than a cm or two long.
Also IIUC there are no mammals who do it.
Or perhaps why do caterpillars bother being butterflies
i legit thought the title meant "Why do Butterfrees bother being Caterpies"
It's funny that a butterfly can help pollinate the same plant its chidren are devouring.
I can imagine turning 40 and wake up the next day and I'm a lobster. My wife screams while I try to calm her down. An hour later I'm in a pot of boiling water.
So the Mayfly’s whole life is to eat a bunch of food, have sex, and then die? This is my kind of animal.
Omg it’s Ben Bigger 🥺
Evolution is such an incredible thing. It finds ways to adapt to life no one can imagine.
4:15 dino hahahahhahahaha
Why do catterpillars bother becoming butterflies?
Exactly! That's the right question haha caterpillars are the coolest
Wasn't that answered?
It's the better body tupe for finding mates.
What could have been added is that very often all the larvae (or catterpillars in this instance) that they'll meet on the same plant are their siblings. For genetic diversity it is good to find different mates -> flying away
@panda4247 yeah yeah, and just to add to that: this type of dispersal must confer a huge advantage, because the determinant of the strategy is always a trade-off in cost-benefit... and the cost of metamorphosis is absurd
Caterpillars probably think we're really weird for being born amphibious & then becoming terrestrial without swapping out our bodies in between
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Hey Minute Earth! do an episode on the Nitroplasts discovered in april! it's a new organelle that is found in a specific marine algea!
Great video, but where is the puntastic ending pun??
I mean our brains basically metamorphise during puberty.
The real purpose of insect metamorphosis is to avoid the problems with molting.
Complete metamorphosis insects don't grow bigger or molt in their adult form. Instead they do all the growing and molting in larva form, which is a lot easier and safer being a simple worm shape. Can you imagine how difficult it is for a butterfly to molt?
So this system makes these insects' body planning in adult form much freer, no need to be limited by the survivability during molting.
We need part 2!! HOW did this evolution occur? Can’t imagine a caterpillar just magically turned to a butterfly one day. Would love to understand the process of that evolution..the intermediate steps of the evolution
Metamorphosis is different than evolution. Evolution is the change between generations, metamorphosis is change in an individual.
@@mattmorehouse9685 cool, so every creature started out being able to go through metamorphosis? Or maybe you’re not understanding me..they had to evolve to go through metamorphosis at some point, right?
Just something to do innit
😂The bird throwing up pizza
I think part of it for humans is we already start off pretty big creatures when we're born relative to a lot of life forms, stopping everything we're doing to get rid of the old body for a brand new one would be a gargantuan amount of energy like the video mentioned, and with the amount of flaws and birth defects we can have as humans, physical and otherwise, it would be amplified even more so after metamorphizing.
This also gets me wondering, are there any mammal species out there that undergo any metamorphism?
I dunno. Might be a nice trade off if I can go into a cocoon for a few months and come out ripped as fuck ready for lovin instead of having to go to the gym. 😂
doesn't seem like absence of metamorphosis is related to big brain, unless you consider all mammals as having big brains relative to body mass (we're just one mammal species)
Love the pokemon incorporation
If we metamorphosis we would probably die a horrible death shortly after puberty. No thanks
Do not question nature the fact that we questioned is the answer why we are super complex living
more like "why caterpillars bother being butterflies"
So basically, eating makes it more difficult to find a mate?
That makes more sense than it should.
...is that ithkuil on the tombstone?
Cute pokemon reference there.
I wanna point out something about the life of the green worm. Its most likely the final evolution can lay a lot of eggs. In the episode that ash was dumb enough to give away his only pokemon that could have taken on Sabrina. Its implied that Butterfree swarm. This means there are alot of eggs not just one. In the game there are alot of bugs. In the beginning. They Hide in grass because they are green. Same as the second evolution. Its green and weird looking. When its a butterfly 🦋 it can mess things up. Did you know butterfly drink blood....yeah
Now i'm gonna read methamorphosis
I do like how all animals eat pizza that only makes sense in an otherwise crazy world.
I read "why Brother" and was hella contused for a moment there
I still think that butterfly metamorphosis could be an important link to biological 3D printing.
Its body becomes a literal biological soup that rebuilds itself into a totally different form.
The applications of that on a larger scale, if actually possible, are endless!
That's not how it works.
@@omatic_opulis9876 It literally is...
The caterpillar releases digestive juices that break down most of its body into a “tissue cell soup” from which it develops four wings, new legs, new eyes, new mouthparts, and genitalia.
@@omatic_opulis9876 It literally is...
The caterpillar releases digestive juices that dissolve most of the body so it can rebuild it into the butterfly.
3:05 because of our "big brains" we will develop new bodies, we will become (biologically) immortal, immune to disease etc etc
Growing up isn’t that bad at all! ❤
the illustrator has been playing zenless zone zero 😝
I wonder if it’s anything to do with the size of the organism too. It seems it’s mostly, if not all organisms that metamorphose are smaller. Would it not be feasible in anything larger? The energy cost would be astronomical and there could be far more potential for things to go wrong.
2:50 Ben Bigger spotted
The Chinese giant salamander is the largest animal that undergoes metamorphosis?
Thanks!
Changing form also helps the adults only seek other adults.
This is so great! :)