Mily Balakirev - Symphony No.1 in C-major (1866)

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  • Опубликовано: 29 окт 2024

Комментарии • 133

  • @CozyButcher
    @CozyButcher 3 года назад +40

    What a time to be alive, when we can simply click and listen to this at-will.
    In all other generations you might hear this two or three times in a lifetime.

    • @joelkoslosky8118
      @joelkoslosky8118 2 года назад +6

      Or never. Most concerts were for the elite and rarely affordable.

  • @ipacyz8369
    @ipacyz8369 Месяц назад +2

    One ot the greatest symphony of all times. Balakirev is very underrated as orchestrator, but his orchestral scores turn much things in russian symphonic music.

  • @milena.brunheira
    @milena.brunheira 19 дней назад +1

    Estou numa jornada de conhecer outros compositores além dos mais conhecidos e tem sido uma experiência magnífica. Espero que tais obras não desapareçam completamente num futuro próximo. Abraços do Brasil, e muito obrigada por postar obras assim! I'm in a jorney to listen to others composers other than the best known and it's been a wonderful experience. I hope that such works don't disappear in a near future. Hugs from Brazil, and thank you very much for posting works like this!

  • @janvanc7190
    @janvanc7190 6 лет назад +77

    I love Russian composers. Their music embodies the Russian spirit and love that Russians have for their country. First time I hear this wonderful symphony. Thanks for posting and wish for many more people to discover this beautiful music.

    • @sovietclassic5301
      @sovietclassic5301 4 года назад +1

      Jan Abovitt, for more Russian composers look up video "TOP 30 Russian composers"

  • @keithp53
    @keithp53 3 года назад +21

    This symphony which took 31 years to finish (not until 1897) has been my favourite "hidden gem" for years - and I was very lucky to actually play it as a violinist in a UK amateur orchestra in the late 1990s. A lovely recording here. The first movement Allegro vivo after 2:25 is just... bonkers but brilliantly original, and Golovschin takes it at a nice tempo of quarter-note [crotchet] = 112, too (I find the rival performance on YT by Svetlanov too fast). Golovschin's tempo for the Rimsky-like Finale at 34:15 is also really good so that you hear all the different folk-melodies; the episode from about 39:46 onwards has some stunning harmonies in fifths, very 'Oriental folky', very original to Western ears. I always used to say to my orchestra colleagues when rehearsing the 1st movement "now you'll see where the inspiration for some 20th-century Russian music comes from". There's been lots of debate as to whether Rachmaninov knew when planning his 2nd symphony's slow movement and was inspired by Balakirev's exquisite Andante 3rd movement here, 20:27 on. I'm sure he did know it (the prominent solo melody for the clarinet is a bit of a give-away), but anyway - I'd like both Balakirev's and Rachmaninov's melodies in my Desert Island Discs please!

    • @albrechtgaub2882
      @albrechtgaub2882 2 года назад

      I agree with "bonkers" regarding the first movement, but I think things don't really go awry before 6:18, when a deceptive cadence occurs instead of the well-prepared "double return", i.e. recapitulation of the main theme in the tonic. Rimsky-Korsakov aptly characterized the music that follows as a "sequence of concluding phrases [or "codettas"] without a conclusion." (I think that's from the diary of his friend Vasiliy Yastrebtsev.)

  • @VOLKHVORONOVICH
    @VOLKHVORONOVICH 4 года назад +35

    The story behind Repin's painting is hilarious. From Wikipedia"
    Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks depicts a supposedly historical tableau, set in 1676, and based on the legend of Cossacks sending a reply to an ultimatum of the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Mehmed IV. The original reply, if it ever existed, has not survived; however, in the 1870s an amateur ethnographer from Yekaterinoslav (today Dnipro), Ya. Novitsky, found a copy made in the 18th century. He gave it to historian Dmytro Yavornytsky (1855-1940), who by chance read it to his guests, among whom was the painter Ilya Repin. Repin became curious about the story and in 1880 started the first of his studies.[citation needed]
    According to the story, the Zaporozhian Cossacks (from "beyond the rapids", Ukrainian: za porohamy), inhabiting the lands around the lower Dnieper River in Ukraine, had defeated Ottoman Empire forces in battle. However, Mehmed demanded that the Cossacks submit to Ottoman rule. The Cossacks, led by Ivan Sirko, replied in an uncharacteristic manner: they wrote a letter, replete with insults and profanities. The painting exhibits the Cossacks' pleasure at striving to come up with ever more base vulgarities. During Repin's time, the Cossacks enjoyed great popular sympathy. Repin also admired them: "All that Gogol wrote about them is true! A holy people! No one in the world held so deeply freedom, equality, and fraternity."
    Mehmed IV, Ottoman Sultan 1648-1687
    Sultan Mehmed IV to the Zaporozhian Cossacks: As the Sultan; son of Muhammad; brother of the sun and moon; grandson and viceroy of God; ruler of the kingdoms of Macedonia, Babylon, Jerusalem, Upper and Lower Egypt; emperor of emperors; sovereign of sovereigns; extraordinary knight, never defeated; steadfast guardian of the tomb of Jesus Christ; trustee chosen by God Himself; the hope and comfort of Muslims; confounder and great defender of Christians - I command you, the Zaporogian Cossacks, to submit to me voluntarily and without any resistance, and to desist from troubling me with your attacks.
    - Turkish Sultan Mehmed IV
    The Cossacks' reply came as a stream of invective and vulgar rhymes:
    Zaporozhian Cossacks to the Turkish Sultan!
    O sultan, Turkish devil and damned devil's kith and kin, secretary to Lucifer himself. What the devil kind of knight are thou, that canst not slay a hedgehog with your naked arse? The devil shits, and your army eats. Thou shalt not, thou son of a whore, make subjects of Christian sons; we have no fear of your army, by land and by sea we will battle with thee, fuck thy mother.
    Thou Babylonian scullion, Macedonian wheelwright, brewer of Jerusalem, goat-fucker of Alexandria, swineherd of Greater and Lesser Egypt, pig of Armenia, Podolian thief, catamite of Tartary, hangman of Kamyanets, and fool of all the world and underworld, an idiot before God, grandson of the Serpent, and the crick in our dick. Pig's snout, mare's arse, slaughterhouse cur, unchristened brow, screw thine own mother!
    So the Zaporozhians declare, you lowlife. You won't even be herding pigs for the Christians. Now we'll conclude, for we don't know the date and don't own a calendar; the moon's in the sky, the year with the Lord, the day's the same over here as it is over there; for this kiss our arse!
    - Koshovyi otaman Ivan Sirko, with the whole Zaporozhian Host

    • @IK-so2bm
      @IK-so2bm 3 года назад +1

      Absolutely wonderful, perfectly fitting the free rebellious nature of the Cossacks. If Gogol knew this story he would have told it, as only he could.

    • @cellosean
      @cellosean Год назад +1

      Yes, and there are some musical compositions using this story as their basis. One is a movement from Shostakovich's Fourteenth Symphony (poetry by Guillaume Apollinaire). Another is a piece, Op. 64 by Reinhold Glière, that I played (cello) with my orchestra not too long ago. Fun stuff.

    • @Elitist20
      @Elitist20 Год назад

      Here are Adrian Edmondson (Sultan) and Olivia Colman (Cossacks) reading the letters:
      ruclips.net/video/t49ZNkvGvhg/видео.html

  • @김덕봉-d2s
    @김덕봉-d2s 2 месяца назад +1

    BALAKIREV'SYMPHONY is wonderful.

  • @johannsebastianbach3411
    @johannsebastianbach3411 6 лет назад +54

    Painting: Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks
    Painter: Ilya Repin, 1891

  • @OffThePickettFence
    @OffThePickettFence 7 лет назад +33

    Quick correction on the date... according to the Oxford Dictionary of Music, although Balakirev had begun to compose this work in 1864, he did not finish it until 1897. It was premiered in April of 1898 conducted by Balakirev himself, his final appearance as a conductor.

  • @mashapetoddlethata3056
    @mashapetoddlethata3056 2 года назад +13

    Beautiful traditional russian classical jewel...legendary !!!

  • @eleipswanaya2977
    @eleipswanaya2977 7 месяцев назад +2

    Hermosa música de este autor No lo conocía

  • @tomp7141
    @tomp7141 10 лет назад +48

    Wow! I haven't heard this symphony in 30 years. Years ago, when I was in love, I wrote words to the tune of the 3rd movement. "Can a rose feel the cold when the wind blows and the leaves have all gone from the trees? Does it long for the season of sunlight when it swayed in the warm summer breeze?" etc

    • @paulprocopolis
      @paulprocopolis 10 лет назад +1

      That's touching - I hope your love worked out!

    • @hansplougolsen9568
      @hansplougolsen9568 6 лет назад +2

      Roses dont have trees, You Dumbhead, Mr H.

    • @aceunknown3869
      @aceunknown3869 5 лет назад +9

      I think you are actually the dumb one here, read that again

    • @rrozoff1
      @rrozoff1 3 года назад

      More please

    • @tomp7141
      @tomp7141 3 года назад +1

      My poem/song also made use of Borodin's Sym 2, 3rd movement. "Once a rose grew tall, encouraged by the sun, blooming bright in the end of summer, life renewed again as the season darkened." "Born too late to fully live its life in sun, all too soon autumn winds were blowing, just like hopes and dreams all the leaves were falling." "Cry for the rose, now dead, abandoned by the sun, frozen fast in the snows of winter. All that bloomed is gone, only thorns still linger."

  • @genevievebauer323
    @genevievebauer323 9 лет назад +11

    Un nom qu'on ne voit pas souvent sur les programmes. Merci de le tirer un peu de cet oubli immérité.

  • @ricardogallardo7467
    @ricardogallardo7467 4 года назад +6

    Me encanta el andante del 3° movimiento, me hace imaginar esas interminables praderas, y ese ambiente tan particular, Muchas gracias , Ricardo desde Argentina

  • @re1ntyes
    @re1ntyes 10 лет назад +23

    for who wants to know about the painting: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reply_of_the_Zaporozhian_Cossacks

  • @yowzephyr
    @yowzephyr 3 года назад +16

    0:00 is a good place to start.

    • @Killerbee4712
      @Killerbee4712 3 года назад

      No no no, I prefer 0:00

    • @rrozoff1
      @rrozoff1 3 года назад

      Bravo!

    • @darrylschultz9395
      @darrylschultz9395 8 месяцев назад

      It's only helpful to say where the music starts when it's somewhere after 0:00.

  • @nikolaicoco333
    @nikolaicoco333 2 года назад +2

    Danke schön!!! Bamberg

  • @ceciliasosa620
    @ceciliasosa620 7 лет назад +8

    ILove this symphony

  • @allasteinberger7984
    @allasteinberger7984 7 месяцев назад +1

    Ein Juwel! Блестяще!

  • @williametheridge1764
    @williametheridge1764 6 лет назад +12

    This was recommended today, after I swooned over Valinnikov’s 1st Sym.
    He did not jest, it’s a pearler.

    • @maitreyeeye4737
      @maitreyeeye4737 5 лет назад +5

      sorry, but Kalinnikov instead of Valinnikov

    • @williametheridge1764
      @williametheridge1764 5 лет назад +2

      @@maitreyeeye4737 haha, yes i saw that. Someone pays attention.

  • @ppppppppppppppppp999
    @ppppppppppppppppp999 10 лет назад +7

    Great work!

  • @MyMauveSky
    @MyMauveSky Год назад +2

    That second movement, my God!

  • @bugatti103
    @bugatti103 4 года назад +3

    another underplayed work... excellent

    • @PaulBrower-bw4jw
      @PaulBrower-bw4jw 16 дней назад

      It definitely deserves more recognition. The seams show, but we can forgive that for inventive themes and orchestral color.

  • @ob4161
    @ob4161 5 лет назад +2

    this was published on my birthday! A nice surprise.

  • @kellykane1062
    @kellykane1062 10 лет назад +5

    Hey! That was real nice. Thanks. I liked this a lot. Never heard it before. Don't recognize the name. But it's very good. Someone could do a ballet to this I think.

    • @StanislavOvchinnikov
      @StanislavOvchinnikov 6 лет назад +1

      It's a father of Russian classical music - Balakirev made a great influence on Musorgskii, Rimski-Korsakov, and later, Stravinsky

  • @giirving
    @giirving 4 года назад +3

    Starting at around 20:00 is pure heaven.

  • @hectorbarrionuevo6034
    @hectorbarrionuevo6034 4 года назад +1

    Lovely mid-Romantic, Russian Symphony; especially enjoyed Movements II and IV for energy and color !

  • @EyalRonen11
    @EyalRonen11 4 года назад +1

    stunning

  • @321abcable
    @321abcable 10 лет назад +2

    This symphony is a pleasant surprise-more exciting than Korsakov opus.

  • @rrozoff1
    @rrozoff1 3 года назад

    What a glorious, majestic work.

  • @rozb554
    @rozb554 7 месяцев назад

    I wish they'd play stuff like this on Classic Fm - it's brilliant.

  • @wedgestone6204
    @wedgestone6204 7 лет назад +3

    since 21:04 is the true russian spirit, so marvellous

    • @eduardorios9409
      @eduardorios9409 5 лет назад

      I differ. The marvelous Andante has a lot of "Orientalism", heavily espoused by the Five (especially Rimsky, Borodin and Balakirev).

  • @williametheridge1764
    @williametheridge1764 6 лет назад +1

    thankyou matthew... the andante est incroyable

    • @yvanern3524
      @yvanern3524 2 года назад

      The intellectual treatment does the heart justice

  • @armgarci
    @armgarci 11 лет назад +2

    I´ve just heard the masterpiece and it took my breath away this Symophony; especially the "Andante". It is really moving. Thank you for sharing this.

  • @MegaCirse
    @MegaCirse 7 лет назад +2

    Listen this it’s abolish the surge of noises and images of everyday life in order to open
    the space of a place where contingency and representation give way to the immateriality of the sensible. Once the door is closed on the agitation of the world, an underlying silence is established, a slowness grasps, preludes to a dilation of perception and consciousness. In the stream of the notes that pass through us, the expressive power of the sound architecture breaks with any form of transcription of the real to attach itself to the expression of an impalpable universe. Colors, composition, rhythm, constitute a language that truly gives voice to exaltation!

  • @149СеменякаСофья
    @149СеменякаСофья 3 года назад +1

    Настоящий мастер . Всё -таки правильно он со Стасовым сделали .

  • @abbalillie6382
    @abbalillie6382 8 лет назад +1

    Damn near perfect.

  • @bizza1000
    @bizza1000 7 лет назад +2

    WOW

  • @luisfarfan5252
    @luisfarfan5252 Год назад

    Excellent obra musical

  • @gregoriourriola8696
    @gregoriourriola8696 3 года назад +2

    Simplemente una gran sinfonia de un autor con escasa presencia en los conciertos, pero superior al primer Chaikovski, digo, antes de la cuarta de este ultimo autor. Bellisimo andante.

    • @manueljoseblancamolinos8582
      @manueljoseblancamolinos8582 Год назад

      La segunda sinfonia de Chaikovski, en su versión original de 1872 , es una obra imponente, muy influida por el estilo de Balakirev de modulación constante. Esta segunda sinfonia la simplífico mucho Chaikovski en 1879 (sobre todo el primer movimiento).

  • @Kowjja
    @Kowjja 10 месяцев назад

    Crazy it took him 42 years to compose another one

  • @handledav
    @handledav Год назад +1

    mily

  • @sridevdevotional
    @sridevdevotional 8 лет назад +3

    hello , the painting is called "tarars answering the sultans decree", or something to that effect. painting is by Russian historical painter, I seen a copy of this painting, {there are more than one version{, in the Cincinnati art museum a year ago, it was on loan from another museum. this artists creations can be viewed on line , under Russian historical painter , 19th, 20th century, via many websights. good luck in your research

    • @MegaCirse
      @MegaCirse 7 лет назад

      Thank you for this brief precision but essential information. The picture is indeed, very nuanced and strong in sensations!

    • @ordinarypablo
      @ordinarypablo 6 лет назад +1

      Nope, it’s called reply of the zaporozhian Cossacks

    • @hansplougolsen9568
      @hansplougolsen9568 6 лет назад

      Go Fuck, yourself,, Or on..

  • @jeanstrubjucker7885
    @jeanstrubjucker7885 5 лет назад +1

    Publicidad entre movimientos me parece bien.
    Publicidad dentro de un movimiento me parece una indecencia

    • @steveegallo3384
      @steveegallo3384 4 года назад

      Pagase la multa! Nada es de Balde.....Pague los 100 pesos, pinche Tacaño! Saludos desde San Agustinillo!

  • @andrewpetersen5272
    @andrewpetersen5272 3 года назад

    Much better than the 2nd I thknk.

  • @JAMESLEVEE
    @JAMESLEVEE 11 лет назад

    Had a little typo in the finale, there. Should be "moderato".

  • @robertcohn8858
    @robertcohn8858 6 лет назад +2

    A full, rich, wonderful performance evoking nostalgic Russian themes. It would be nice to know the artist and title of the fascinating painting above.

  • @futterkulcha
    @futterkulcha 5 лет назад +4

    Why the hell would you have advertisements in the middle of a symphony?!

    • @TahseenNakavi
      @TahseenNakavi 5 лет назад +3

      As a reminder that this world is a small hell hole and there are plenty of arseholes here who think of nothing but money whole day!

    • @albrechtgaub2882
      @albrechtgaub2882 2 года назад

      Because this is RUclips and RUclips is based in the United States.

  • @synolosquartettodiflauti6385
    @synolosquartettodiflauti6385 10 лет назад +7

    a phone is ringing @26:36! or is a duet with the flute? LOL

    • @2ears1mouth786
      @2ears1mouth786 9 лет назад +1

      that must be a phone in the audience

    • @dreamer_4937
      @dreamer_4937 8 лет назад +1

      +Synolos Quartetto di Flauti Indeed :DDD

  • @karelpartouns6974
    @karelpartouns6974 10 лет назад

    @ Ignace Erauw, Dear Sir, could you explane the relevance of your remark. please ?

  • @piotr9914
    @piotr9914 7 лет назад +16

    6 people dislike this? they must love sleeping at boring cheesy Brahms concert!

    • @DrKub007
      @DrKub007 6 лет назад +2

      i don t get how you could like this music and not brahms one ?!!!! no sense as brahms is by far the western composer the closer to slavonic ones .....

    • @StanislavOvchinnikov
      @StanislavOvchinnikov 6 лет назад +1

      I suppose mr pong just made parody on very typical comment about anyone in pop or rock classic compared with Justin Bieber.

    • @classicalmusic1175
      @classicalmusic1175 6 лет назад +3

      Why pick on Brahms? His music is far from boring.

    • @Pedrooko
      @Pedrooko 6 лет назад

      Lol so true

    • @Adamov1
      @Adamov1 6 лет назад +2

      Especially not boring piece by Brahms is Hungarian Dance no 5 which he entirely ripped off Béla Kéler's - Bártfai Emlék Csárdás Op.31 !

  • @Felipe_Vitar
    @Felipe_Vitar 6 лет назад

    Alguien sabe como se llama la pintura de la imagen que sigue la música?

    • @eduardorios9409
      @eduardorios9409 5 лет назад

      Respuesta al Sultán de los Cosacos de Zaporozhie. El Sultán les había exigido que se proclamaran sus súbditos, a pesar de que los Cosacos lo habían derrotado en el campo de batalla.

  • @internetperiodista
    @internetperiodista 5 лет назад +1

    Taras Bulba, Andrei and Ostap, Kukubenko even the jew Yankel like this masterpiece of music

  • @pipestud3corncobpuffer785
    @pipestud3corncobpuffer785 6 лет назад +2

    Please place commercials between movements or before the piece. Not during movements. Thank you.

    • @KuhlauDilfeng2
      @KuhlauDilfeng2  6 лет назад +3

      That is youtube's fault, not mine. I advise you to get some sort of adblock.

    • @pipestud3corncobpuffer785
      @pipestud3corncobpuffer785 6 лет назад

      KuhlauDilfeng2. Thanks. Didn't know they had an adblock option. Thank you for posting all these great musical gems.

    • @apolloskyfacer5842
      @apolloskyfacer5842 5 лет назад

      @@pipestud3corncobpuffer785 I think you have to pay for it in Premium Utube

    • @PaulBrower-bw4jw
      @PaulBrower-bw4jw 16 дней назад

      @@apolloskyfacer5842 I would rather listen to two minutes of banal advertising before listening to a long piece of music than have the ads interspersed within the music.

  • @brucemiller5356
    @brucemiller5356 3 года назад

    who did this painting? thanks

  • @illiadubrovin8995
    @illiadubrovin8995 2 года назад +1

    Why always Ukraine in the background?

    • @robertlambeaux897
      @robertlambeaux897 Год назад +1

      Because UKR is the cradle of the russian "civilization "(the Rus of Kiev) . You don't know History? But many Russian composer has recognized this fact, looking more to the West than to the East . (lot of"polonaises", Prokofiev used often Ukrainien melodies ,
      and , before 02/22/2022, they shared"brotherly"....

    • @illiadubrovin8995
      @illiadubrovin8995 Год назад +1

      @@robertlambeaux897 We never shared brotherly. Russia is empire that assimilate all people inside it. Moscow has nothing in common with Rus history. In fact it even wasn't called Russia before Peter the first decided to trade with Europe. Culture appropriation is normall process in any empire that continues in russia today

    • @robertlambeaux897
      @robertlambeaux897 Год назад +1

      I dont know if You are Ukrainian or Russian, so, I didn't know if your question was admirative or depreciative ... Of course , my "brotherly" was ironic... Even if many conflicts , in past time, were between brothers, about heritage, for example... But I agree as you say that the imperial mentality of Russia hasn't changed.

  • @BKG20110627
    @BKG20110627 9 лет назад

    Can you please tell me the name of the painting, as well as its author? Thank you.

    • @KuhlauDilfeng2
      @KuhlauDilfeng2  9 лет назад +5

      ***** Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks by Ilya Repin.

    • @BKG20110627
      @BKG20110627 9 лет назад

      Thank you very much!

    • @abdul7591
      @abdul7591 9 лет назад +5

      ***** In English sometimes the title is given as "The Zaporozhye Cossacks write an Insulting Letter to the Sultan." I've seen it rendered like that in art history books.

    • @vangel1443
      @vangel1443 8 лет назад +2

      A scene worthy of Taras Bulba.

    • @darrylschultz6479
      @darrylschultz6479 3 года назад

      "Taras Bulba Has His Left Testicle Tickled By The Court Testicle-Tickler" by Y. B. Cozz.

  • @recreationofxse4417
    @recreationofxse4417 6 лет назад

    What's the source of the painting?

  • @katjao.h.321
    @katjao.h.321 2 года назад +1

    18:20

    • @rodolfoklienwilmes1571
      @rodolfoklienwilmes1571 2 года назад +1

      Magnífica obra bella impresionante , gracias por poder disfrutarla

  • @УважнийВІ
    @УважнийВІ 3 года назад +1

    Balakirev's symphonies are entirely painted with Ukrainian ornament, both the first symphony and the second by the first. and as a confirmation of this, they are illustrated here with pictures from the history of the Ukrainian people .. it's time to learn to distinguish Ukrainians from the conglomerate of ethnic groups of the Russian Empire, good gentlemen.

    • @АлексейВетров-ю9ч
      @АлексейВетров-ю9ч Год назад +2

      Probably, it is a right remark, but its vein, its slightly melancholy spirit at times and general lively optimism, inspiration is purely Russian!

    • @robertlambeaux897
      @robertlambeaux897 Год назад +1

      @@АлексейВетров-ю9ч Even if they fight, today, they are still "brothers" . But history is full of tragedies where brothers compete.

    • @АлексейВетров-ю9ч
      @АлексейВетров-ю9ч Год назад +1

      @@robertlambeaux897 Mais la musique, les valeurs eternels reunissons tous les hommes, ils aident a resoudre tous les antagonismes, scismes, tous les malheures!

    • @robertlambeaux897
      @robertlambeaux897 Год назад +1

      @@АлексейВетров-ю9ч J'aimerais vous approuver . Mais certaines personnes veulent"mettre au pas" même la "belle" musique . Tout le monde n'a pas la force de caractère de Chostakovitch . Mais bien d'accord , en Belgique , il n'y a pas un jour (depuis 02/22) que nous n'entendions de très belles musiques russes et/ou ukrainiennes.

    • @АлексейВетров-ю9ч
      @АлексейВетров-ю9ч Год назад

      @@robertlambeaux897 Merci bien, Robert! Ce vrai, que certains groupes de gens veulent mettre l ' art au pas de temps modernes, mais , je pense, que ces attentes echouons, ces tendances non vont pas se perpetualiser, ils vont s' emousser. L' art vrai va depasser tous cela!