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Hey guys, great video as always, but did you guys see these errors? I'd like to point out two inaccuracies: 1) Cyril and Methodius developed the Glagolitic alphabet, while their students of Preslav and Ohrid developed the Cyrillic script. 2) The tale of Belisarius ingraining awe and terror in the Sassanian diplomat is most likely propaganda, and what likely led to the Sassanian withdrawal was the plague of Justinian, as we call it. What basis of accuracy does this tale have? Thank you for the vid guys :)
I love your Byzantine/Eastern Roman content. I know that much of the empire's population either contributed to the Greek diaspora or assimilated into conquering empires (you have covered this topic splendidly in the past), but I would like to know more specifically about the Byzantines who fled to Western Europe and their contribution to the Renaissance.
If you love K&G’s Byzantine content, you should consider checking out the History of Byzantium podcast by Robin Pierson. The episodes about the period of Arab invasions and how the Byzantines changed and adapted in reaction to them are excellent. The podcast goes very well with this channel’s content.
One bit of history that I have always been fascinated with is how the Byzantium Empire acquired its own silk industry. As I understand it, at some point around A.D 550 Justinian asked a couple of monks to go east and find the source of silk and bring it back. Sounds like a real wacky quest to me.
How did they hide the secret of keeping live silkworms alive while feeding on mulberry leaves? This involved carefully planned stops spanning thousands of kilometers over several months, ensuring a constant supply of leaves. The complexity increased as they had to transform these silkworms in the loom, requiring specific expertise
"From one particular large grub, which has as it were horns, and in other respects differs from grubs in general, there comes, by a metamorphosis of the grub, first a caterpillar, then the cocoon, then the necydalus; and the creature passes through all these transformations within six months. A class of women unwind and reel off the cocoons of these creatures, and afterwards weave a fabric with the threads thus unwound; a Coan woman of the name of Pamphila, daughter of Plateus, being credited with the first invention of the fabric. " Aristotle, History of Animals, book V part 19, 551 b
You should make an episode about Heraclius. If he had died before the invasion of the Arabs he would be remembered as a hero emperor. He used diplomacy to bring the Turks to his side and convinced Shahrbaraz to abandon Khosrow II to his fate
he was very old at the time of invasion and somewhat underestimated the threat. Perhaps battle of Yarmouk would turned out different under orders of the emperror
He also was very close to losing. It wasn't until 622, 14 years after he took over and two decades into the war that he led a series of campaigns using the last troops and coin he had left. He very well could have died the last emperor leading the last Roman army.
They tied the release of the video with the new DLC update for Europa Universalis 4. There was a Byzatine empire update lol that's why they both posted Byzantine videos at the same time
It is not surprising that Byzantium favored diplomacy over warfare in most of its interactions with the barbarians. The constant need to fight on two fronts, in the east against Persians, Arabs, and Turks, meant that if the Bulgars posed a threat, subsidies could be provided to the Kievan Rus. Subsidies to the Patzinaks could counteract a threat from the Rus
@@АнтонПавлов-ц4з No, it's Bulgars. They were a Turkic tribe that formed the Kingdom of Bulgaria. The local slavs and Thracians formed the infantry used by the kingdom. That combination of people are who we now call the Bulgarians. But in the time of the Eastern Roman Empire it was the Bulgars who they faced.
@@recoil53 This theory was written and imposed during the years when we were under Turkish slavery, for the purpose of territorial claims. The truth is radically different. The imposed story is complete nonsense, but believe whoever you want.
I have to say, as a medieval history student, I used to prefer military history, but now I like the diplomatic, social and even economic history (long-term stuff) as much and even more than political and military events, which are much more short-term.
Please make a video about claims to Roman territory and how they enforced it and how it altered over time. Things like did Basil II recognize Italy as Roman? Did Manuel II realize all his neighbors were former roman subjects? When did the Roman’s open relations with barbarians in western territories? Did they claim Dalmatia until the end? Where did Roman populations live in territories no longer politically controlled by Romans? And other things like that.
Considering how complicated was their situation, they truly were recursive when needed. The Eastern Roman Empire of the Middle Ages might have never recovered the max size of the empire at 117 AD with Trajan, but nevertheless managed to hold on pretty well despite not having the same raw power as before.
Kings and Generals always delivers top-notch historical content, and this video on Eastern Rome's survival through diplomacy and espionage is no exception. It's remarkable to see how cunning diplomacy and covert intelligence played pivotal roles in the empire's resilience. The intricate storytelling and detailed animation make history come alive. Thanks for another engaging episode!" 🌍🕵♂📜
The channel has improved so much over the years, eh? Years ago, it used to be just one of a handful of channels doing kinda bland historical battle videos, but they’ve broadened their scope to so many cooler aspects of history (like this video!) and have gotten such great art to accompany the videos. They’ve made so many obscure periods and places in history that I love absolutely come alive.
Big THANK YOU for your top notch work, you guys! Every video you make about the Eastern Roman Land's History makes proud all of us Greeks and our balkan brothers.
15:50 Please check your facts. Cyril and Methodius created the Glagolic alphabet. The Cyrillic was made by their students in Preslav and Ohrid, First Bulgarian Empire, in honor of their teacher so they named it such.
Yup, the Glagolithic alphabet was based on southern Slavic dialects for all Slavs, the Cyrillic alphabet was created by Kliment of Ohrid for the Bulgarian Empire.
Making this comment to thank the channel for the content, it has been very helpful for school work, even used some as sources and it has been helping a lot, thank you very much Kings and Generals
Byzantine history is so friggin interesting 😁 These guys got beat up constantly but fought for the capital until the end. Pretty dope 😎 Great work you guys as alwaya
@@paprskomet agreed, but also separate brother - All Roman history is Byzantine history, but we have to make a distinction with their historical accounts, that being, Italian and Greek primarily
@@ytj17thjuggalo12 I have nothing against using some labels that help with orientation in long and complex history but it doesn't have to be label that would completely exclude name "Roman" for example.Moreover "Byzantine"replacement for "Roman" was intentionally designed to manipulate reality to look like if that state has nothing to do with Roman history,to render it as completely separate new and foreign state.
thx so much for uploading content on the byzantine empire, the roman empire (especially the eastern roman empire) is so inspiring, amazing and intriguing all at the same time !
It has always bothered me that the Catholic Church and Western Europe abandoned the Byzantines to their fate. Had they provided support and sent supplies and troops... that whole region would be dramatically different.
@OhioDan Yes, that further blows my mind. I mean, Sunni and Shia are still fighting each other in modern times... but all the way up until at least 1700, Christians were quite happy to kill each other over their interpretation of the New Testament. Hopefully that doesn't mean that Sunnis and Shia will be fighting each other until 2200... since Islam came 500 - 600 years after the Christians.
3:48 Its strange. The eastern border was more vulnerable but yet the Byzantines still chose to focus most of their attention on europe and neglected the east.
During the reign of Caliph al-Mahdi, the Roman envoy named Tarath visited Baghdad on a diplomatic mission to convey his congratulations from Emperor Constantine V to the new Caliph for his ascension. From what I heard, Tarath was very pleased with how he was received by the Caliph to the point of constructing a mill for the Caliph himself. But in return, the Caliph granted him the profits it generated and the money generated from the mill he constructed kept being paid to Tarath until the Caliph died, even when the Romans and the Muslims were at wars with one another. What I am trying to say here is that if the envoys from Bulgaria, Georgia, Khanate of Khazars, Kievan Rus' and the Abbasid Caliphate can be amazed by the imperial court in Constantinople, can the same happened to the Roman envoys who visited these nations? After all, it happened to Tarath before. Or is Tarath just an exception here since Baghdad in itself is also a cultural and intellectual powerhouse that rivaled Constantinople too? P.S: Since when did embassies and permanent ambassadors become a thing according to history?
I suppose that was a period in which albeit enemies the Romans and the Caliphate considered each others the only light surrounded by unwashed savages - with related comments ensuing.
I remember in another K&G video that the Byzantines would measure their respect for another power based on something like the quality of the stamps they'd use on official correspondence. Letters to the Caliphate or Khazars would be stamped gold while messages sent to European courts would have bronze stamping, for instance.
Who Were the 'Byzantines'? The Byzantines were not a 'people' in any ethnic sense. If we con sider only Anatolia, the population had been thoroughly mixed for many centuries." Nor did an education in classicising Greek, such as was nor mal for Christians and pagans alike when Constantinople was founded, and which continued to be the badge of culture in Byzantium, carry any ethnic implications." In this sense advancement in Byzantium was open to anyone with the means to acquire the education in the first place and the necessary connections. This was an inheritance from the Roman Empire, which included Asia Minor and the other territory which came to be ruled from Constantinople. By the early third century AD there was no longer any formal distinction in the empire between citizens and the non-citizens who formed the population of conquered or assim ilated provinces; what mattered was not ethnicity or local background but shared culture, connections and status. Cameron, A., 2012. The Byzantines. Milton Keynes: Lightning Source, p.8.
You are talking about an Empire that has its origins in Rome. The 'Byzantines' dated the origin of their state all the way back to Augustus Caesar, not to Constantine. They knew that they were the Roman Empire and not some successor state..... Therefore, there is no such thing as a "Byzantine" except in the sense as a citizen of Constantinople, that is how the eastern Romans used the term, Byzantios, Βυζάντιος, meaning 'Byzantine'. The people of the Empire named themselves Ῥωμαῖος (Greek) or Romanus (Latin). It was a multi-ethnic state from the beginning, but you cannot separate it from its Greek vector, either. As time went on, the Roman Empire became ever more Hellenized. By the Empire's end, namely within the last 300 years of its life, the upper aristocratic class were much more open-minded towards accepting their Hellenic cultural past.
please do a video on these (this is a copy and paste list for a few channels) units and tactics/evaluation of loadouts of troops (from different jobs (and other branches) like the 82 snd 101 airborne units or infantry tank units, (or when tanks were assigned a infantry unit like i think earlier war Russia then all tanks were formed into there own units wich meant the infantry no longer knew the true strength of there own tanks but alowed tank units to fight more efficiently) the tank doctrine of countries evaluation of tank veiw ports evaluation of tanks/armored vehicles of different countries evaluation of aircraft types of different countries, different between navil and army/air force fighters logistics units of the axes and allied powers in ww2 ww1 estern front tactics Russian Civil war tactics and strategies navil ship cross sections (all the rooms and how it all works) evaluation of types of ships or evaluation of navil warfare (or just dedectsded videos on ww1 and ww2 navil doctrine as theres stuff out there on other times of history) air craft carrier strike group formations exsamples (from different countries) ancient persan ships, ancient veneti ships (gauls that fought ceaser) ships used by genoa and the vernesain republic the vernesain republic government all sailing ships, (i know theres many on yt but some contradict each other and i think theres more left out) 2b9 vasilyok morter tactics used so far in the Ukraine war, better for squads to be 2 teams of 5 or 3 teams of 3, and probably the easiest, better to keep troops well feed or starved like an animal how dose age effect comsnders eg napoleon got older so took less risks, ancient urban warfare ww2 tactics in Asia, tactics in the Chinese age of warlords, (and Chinese civil war) tactics in the ruso jap war cold war navil tactics, Korean war tactics, strange tactics or unque battles from the American war of independence and America civil how were 17th centry sailing ships build types of bombs lunched by drones comands given on sailing ships (like ease the sheets and get ready to chine, or slack n beases, basically things you hear movie capitns say) why did the nazis never return (or a video on best occupations) why did the Japanese empire fall, dont just say "America" like things like how there army and navy argued alot alot more on the Polynesians and māori, but please learn pronounceations if you do this
You can only do so much with espionage and diplomacy. I think these traits made Eastern Rome great. So how long can knowing things sustain a nation when the methods used to actively protect it fade? Those settlers were the buffer to the Arabs and when they either died or relocated, that buffer went with them.
Great video as always! I have one question thou: in minute 15:50 you say "...Cyril and Methodius who are famous for evangelizing the Slavs and creating the cyrilic alphabet..." Now, can we check that again? They created the glagolic script (alphabet), based on which their students of the Preslav (Capital of the Bulgarian Czardom) literature school created the Cyrilic alphabet, which was namend in honor of Constantine Cyril the Philosopher It is for some a minor or non-existent difference, but for a Bulgarian it matters a lot It's enough that russians are Greeks are all the time claiming "We made the Cyrilic" ( : Thanks again and keep going with the amazing work you do!
Cyril and Metodious didn't invent the Cyrillic alphabet. They invented the Glagolic alphabet, which was really complex and inefficient to write on. Their students in Bulgaria invented the Cyrillic as a significantly simplified version of the glagolic, closer to the Greek alphabet, and named it after their teacher Cyril - Cyrillic.
Can you make a video about abbasid Frankish alliance and also about alliance between byzentine empire and emirate/caliphate of cordoba.At the time cordoba and Constantinople were most prestigious cities so i think you should make a video on these four medieval states
@davidhughes8357 The reason the Persians left was the plaque. And the story of Belisariu's bluff just reeks of propaganda. There's no other source for why the Persians left but plague is a pretty good one no?
Procopius wasn't there at the time . Probably just making stuff up . You are quite correct about the rumors of plague in the empire. We just dont have substantial proof of some incidents or motivations. Thanks for responding.
Hello, because your channel is a historical channel and you may look at the ancient times of Iran I suggest you to buy the book History of Ancient Iran by Sayan Publications Iranologists work methods And it will be released soon and available for purchase in Europe
😮Why do you call it Eastern Roman Empire? Byzantium has to do with the Capital and the Byzantines were Orthodox Greek. That's why it's a good name that reflects the originality. They knew they were Greek just the name Hellene wasn't used. When Chalramagne, the western Emperor was crown the Roman heir, the Byzantine emperor was considered emperor or King of Constantinople (imperator, rex Constantinopolitanus) his empire was called Kingdom of the Greeks (regnum Graecorum). Latin wasn't used as much the same way Greek was forgotten in Italy. The split of the two churches is also a good indicator of two empires going their own route but especially in the Meso-Byzantine era.
That's because it is the eastern half of the old Roman Empire. The term Byzantine Empire is used to distinguish it from the old Roman Empire and the term Byzantine is coined during the Renaissance. The term Byzantine is derived from Byzantium, the old name for Constantinople before Emperor Constantine chooses it as the new capital of the Roman Empire. Emperor Heraclius changed the official language from Latin to Greek. Although Latin is the official language of the Roman Empire, Koine Greek is the common language. Roman elites were educated in Greek classics and were well versed in Classical Greek. In the eastern Mediterranean, Koine Greek was the local common language. Thus, it was practical for Heraclius to use Greek as the official language instead of Latin. Throughout its history, it is the Roman Empire and even its Muslim allies and adversaries called Rum. Only the West refused to acknowledge it as Roman Empire and preferred to call it Empire of the Greeks. East and West had diverged from each other culturally and politically. Power struggle between the Pope in Rome and the Emperor in Constantinople is one of the factors for the friction between east and west. Both the Pope and the Emperor believe themselves as the head of the church which led to conflicts between them. When Charlemagne was crowed Emperor of the Romans by the Pope, this was seen as a challenge to the Roman Emperor at Constantinople. The final schism between East and West occurred in 1054 when both the Pope and the Patriarch excommunicated each other led to the separation of East and West.
@@MrLantean They didn't say Rum, they said Ρωμιοί even Ρωμανοί that's why I'm saying this indicator in English describes Βασιλεία των Ρωμαίων (as the Byzantines called themselves) poorer. Βασιλεία των Ρωμαίων means Kingdom of the Romans directly in English when it's a different in the Greek dialect of the time to when they wrote Kingdom to mean Empire. But the English language doesn't reflect that. That's why Byzantines (a real name that was always in Minor Asia) helps.
Those Great Moravia borders are deadly............ 16:00 seriously, Nitra, one of the two core territories of Great Moravia, aka majority of today's western half of Slovakia, is south of the Carpathian mountains, you cut like half of Great Moravia off, not to mention making U. Panonia reach north beyond the Danube... which it also most likely did not around the Morava river. (Let's not even get into gigaBulgaria inside the Pannonian basin at this point in time, please don't use crusader kings 3 map)
Any borders during that time are absolutely uncertain and were everchanging. Great Moravia in particular. At the end of the day its our general estimate not how things really were back then. And without satelites, proper research even cartographs couldnt get it right back then. As long as we are not having Abbasid Caliphate in Scandinavia we are good. This is for me in acceptable distance.
@@rjofusetsudzin8011 "uncertain and everchanging" I mean yes, doesn't change the fact that Great Moravia as we call it today was composed of core territories of Moravia and Nitra (Bohemia was more of a side thing) and Nitra was and still IS south of the Carpathian mountains (look at Slovakia please, seriously) so if the map portrays the Carpathian mountains, it should care to adjust the realities of colored regions to reflect it, it's like putting Lombardy somewhere inside Bavaria rather than in Italy. As for the bit with satellites... what even is your point? We use satellite maps today to portray historical realities because we have such tools, the source and materials that fuel them have nothing to do with people in the past not having satellites. "Proper research" is done on the ground and then you apply it to the map, not the other way around.
@@Rhosus Nobody will waste soldiers or people to do proper research on the ground in the time where there are more important things in highly dangerous territory. Even then there is limit how much accurate map can we if you have only that POV on the rock. And Grand Moravia and its core territories is describe by uncertain sources since almost nothing about Grand Moravia from the Grand Moravia itself was left. So all the borders will be just guess. Setting aside there was no border control back then. Thats why you have fortified cities and villages. Any controlls were done there and at castles. Nobody was guarding the line which would be even impossible at time.
As you clearly haven't read my comment I'm seriously thinking whether I should even write more but very well. I am talking about making a map in modern day and age with information we posses in modern day and age, aka archeological sites and what we know from chronicles or other written sources. I am NOT talking about how people traveled or viewed their lands in the past or how scouting and control was done nor what was perceived as a border Great Moravia formed by unification of Moravia and Nitra. Historical Nitra is majority of modern day western half of Slovakia, which is located entirely south of the Carpathian mountains, in geographical terms even with your mentioned shaky borders it was a land between the Danube in the south and the Carpathians in the north and northwest where it neighbored Moravia, while Moravia was a land around the Morava river between the Danube in the south and the Sudeten mountain ranges in the north and west, bordering Nitra on the southeast with Carpathian mountains to it's east Not respecting that fact on a map that has Carpathian mountains on it is just silly Or do you think that a map of Holy Roman Empire shouldn't have northern Italy on it because it's south of the Alps?
And there is also evidence that the word 'Hellene' now meant 'pagan', and Justinian did conduct persecutions of Hellenes. The world of Classics in the sixth century was not entirely rosy. Scott, R., n.d. Byzantine chronicles and the sixth century
The trick of Belisarius is a lie, Khosrow moved out of Syria because of the plague, not the trick which is written by the Roman sources of that time a.k.a fan of OG Belisarius.
to all the people who are interested in above videos and history. id recommend you to read, Qur'an.(muslim's holy book) there is a whole dedicated chapter for romans, namely Ar-Rum. Read and know what your lord has been revealed. keep in mind, the Quran was revelled when romans were the super power.
The Romans have been defeated in the nearest land (to the Arabian Peninsula), and they, after their defeat, will be victorious within three to nine years.... (Quran, 30:2-4)
🎥 Join our RUclips members and patrons to unlock exclusive content! Our community is currently enjoying deep dives into the First Punic War, Pacific War, history of Prussia, Italian Unification Wars, Russo-Japanese War, Albigensian Crusade, and Xenophon’s Anabasis. Become a part of this exclusive circle: ruclips.net/channel/UCMmaBzfCCwZ2KqaBJjkj0fwjoin or patron: www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals and Paypal www.paypal.com/paypalme/kingsandgenerals as well!
“Diplomats and Spies” sounds like a spinoff channel about tales of historical politicking and espionage lol
Hey guys, great video as always, but did you guys see these errors? I'd like to point out two inaccuracies:
1) Cyril and Methodius developed the Glagolitic alphabet, while their students of Preslav and Ohrid developed the Cyrillic script.
2) The tale of Belisarius ingraining awe and terror in the Sassanian diplomat is most likely propaganda, and what likely led to the Sassanian withdrawal was the plague of Justinian, as we call it. What basis of accuracy does this tale have?
Thank you for the vid guys :)
Use simple ENGLISH!!! Not all the people watching this video is English!!!!!!
@@anoniem_nederland1401 chill
Do you Will do some video about how the age of discoveries start ?
Thanks very mutch
I love your Byzantine/Eastern Roman content. I know that much of the empire's population either contributed to the Greek diaspora or assimilated into conquering empires (you have covered this topic splendidly in the past), but I would like to know more specifically about the Byzantines who fled to Western Europe and their contribution to the Renaissance.
If you love K&G’s Byzantine content, you should consider checking out the History of Byzantium podcast by Robin Pierson. The episodes about the period of Arab invasions and how the Byzantines changed and adapted in reaction to them are excellent. The podcast goes very well with this channel’s content.
Thanks, I will.
@@yegirish Omg best podcast ever ! I was so sad when i got to the end . lol
@@natethomas587 You can check out Anthony's Kaldellis podcast Byzantium and friends. He is a very good Byzantine scholar.
One bit of history that I have always been fascinated with is how the Byzantium Empire acquired its own silk industry. As I understand it, at some point around A.D 550 Justinian asked a couple of monks to go east and find the source of silk and bring it back. Sounds like a real wacky quest to me.
Considering that Imperial China saw the production of silk as a vaunted state-secret.. it must been a crazy story by itself.
@@jakobtarrasericsson4295 I imagine it to be something like across between "The Road to El Dorado" -- "The Man Who Would Be King" -- and "Flashman"
Silk production existed since Ancient Greek years. Silkworms came in the Alexander the Great years. This story might be a myth
How did they hide the secret of keeping live silkworms alive while feeding on mulberry leaves? This involved carefully planned stops spanning thousands of kilometers over several months, ensuring a constant supply of leaves. The complexity increased as they had to transform these silkworms in the loom, requiring specific expertise
"From one particular large grub, which has as it were horns, and in other respects differs from grubs in general, there comes, by a metamorphosis of the grub, first a caterpillar, then the cocoon, then the necydalus; and the creature passes through all these transformations within six months. A class of women unwind and reel off the cocoons of these creatures, and afterwards weave a fabric with the threads thus unwound; a Coan woman of the name of Pamphila, daughter of Plateus, being credited with the first invention of the fabric. "
Aristotle, History of Animals, book V part 19, 551 b
You should make an episode about Heraclius. If he had died before the invasion of the Arabs he would be remembered as a hero emperor. He used diplomacy to bring the Turks to his side and convinced Shahrbaraz to abandon Khosrow II to his fate
An entire series maybe, like they did with Caesar, and with Augustus
He still is a hero, just a tragic one
@@Secondkomnenian He is a hero for me. His subordinates did not have his competence.
he was very old at the time of invasion and somewhat underestimated the threat. Perhaps battle of Yarmouk would turned out different under orders of the emperror
He also was very close to losing. It wasn't until 622, 14 years after he took over and two decades into the war that he led a series of campaigns using the last troops and coin he had left. He very well could have died the last emperor leading the last Roman army.
“War is but one method of diplomacy. However, it is far and away the least efficient of them.”
Im so blessed that every time when going into a new deep dive of a certain history part K&G delivers a new episode to it. I Love this channel!
They tied the release of the video with the new DLC update for Europa Universalis 4. There was a Byzatine empire update lol that's why they both posted Byzantine videos at the same time
ty for covering the most underrated historical civ, I really hope byzantine history and stories become more common
It is not surprising that Byzantium favored diplomacy over warfare in most of its interactions with the barbarians. The constant need to fight on two fronts, in the east against Persians, Arabs, and Turks, meant that if the Bulgars posed a threat, subsidies could be provided to the Kievan Rus. Subsidies to the Patzinaks could counteract a threat from the Rus
Bulgarians,not bulgars.
@@АнтонПавлов-ц4зback then Bulgars
@@АнтонПавлов-ц4з No, it's Bulgars. They were a Turkic tribe that formed the Kingdom of Bulgaria. The local slavs and Thracians formed the infantry used by the kingdom.
That combination of people are who we now call the Bulgarians. But in the time of the Eastern Roman Empire it was the Bulgars who they faced.
@@recoil53 Exactly, hence why Byzantine Emperor Basil II was known as the "Bulgar Slayer".
@@recoil53 This theory was written and imposed during the years when we were under Turkish slavery, for the purpose of territorial claims. The truth is radically different. The imposed story is complete nonsense, but believe whoever you want.
I have to say, as a medieval history student, I used to prefer military history, but now I like the diplomatic, social and even economic history (long-term stuff) as much and even more than political and military events, which are much more short-term.
I’m literally watching this from the Fatih district (European side) in the heart of the historic capital, Constantinople. Thank you for the video guys
Jealous. One of my favourite cities in the world!
that first minute poem is amazing. Props to the writer 👏👏👏
edit : I take it back, the entire script were amazing. I love it.
I'm amazed by the topics you cover. Thank you so much, the tales you present are so interesting!
We deserve to see the full might and glory of Eastern Roman Empire in cinema.
Please make a video about claims to Roman territory and how they enforced it and how it altered over time. Things like did Basil II recognize Italy as Roman? Did Manuel II realize all his neighbors were former roman subjects? When did the Roman’s open relations with barbarians in western territories? Did they claim Dalmatia until the end? Where did Roman populations live in territories no longer politically controlled by Romans? And other things like that.
Would love to see a video on Basil I and the Makedon dynasty prior to Basil II.
Considering how complicated was their situation, they truly were recursive when needed.
The Eastern Roman Empire of the Middle Ages might have never recovered the max size of the empire at 117 AD with Trajan, but nevertheless managed to hold on pretty well despite not having the same raw power as before.
Kings and Generals always delivers top-notch historical content, and this video on Eastern Rome's survival through diplomacy and espionage is no exception. It's remarkable to see how cunning diplomacy and covert intelligence played pivotal roles in the empire's resilience. The intricate storytelling and detailed animation make history come alive. Thanks for another engaging episode!" 🌍🕵♂📜
The channel has improved so much over the years, eh? Years ago, it used to be just one of a handful of channels doing kinda bland historical battle videos, but they’ve broadened their scope to so many cooler aspects of history (like this video!) and have gotten such great art to accompany the videos. They’ve made so many obscure periods and places in history that I love absolutely come alive.
@@yegirish yes, I think so
This is a very beautiful video. If the Byzantine empire still exists, you would be rewarded with a bag if gold and silver.
I miss the total war footage you guys used to edit in :(
Medieval Roman content always the best
The Byzantines were so epic
You should do a series about Justinian I's campaigns in North Africa and Italy!
They already have done so!
@@amangujar3308 I see!
There will be a remake down the line
I suggest a remake@@KingsandGenerals
Long form. The wars of justinian featuring belasarius
Big THANK YOU for your top notch work, you guys!
Every video you make about the Eastern Roman Land's History makes proud all of us Greeks and our balkan brothers.
I've always been fascinated by Eastern Roman _agentes in rebus_ after reading the _Agent of Byzantium_ stories by Harry Turtledove.
Was waiting for a video on this! Great work as usual.
“Diplomats and Spies” sounds like a spinoff channel about tales of historical politicking and espionage lol
Thank you for creating videos for my country.
15:50 Please check your facts. Cyril and Methodius created the Glagolic alphabet. The Cyrillic was made by their students in Preslav and Ohrid, First Bulgarian Empire, in honor of their teacher so they named it such.
interesting
Yup, the Glagolithic alphabet was based on southern Slavic dialects for all Slavs, the Cyrillic alphabet was created by Kliment of Ohrid for the Bulgarian Empire.
I was Looking For This Video
Making this comment to thank the channel for the content, it has been very helpful for school work, even used some as sources and it has been helping a lot, thank you very much Kings and Generals
exalent video! the video for byzantines are always facinate
Byzantine history is so friggin interesting 😁 These guys got beat up constantly but fought for the capital until the end. Pretty dope 😎 Great work you guys as alwaya
Roman history.
@@paprskomet agreed, but also separate brother - All Roman history is Byzantine history, but we have to make a distinction with their historical accounts, that being, Italian and Greek primarily
@@ytj17thjuggalo12 I have nothing against using some labels that help with orientation in long and complex history but it doesn't have to be label that would completely exclude name "Roman" for example.Moreover "Byzantine"replacement for "Roman" was intentionally designed to manipulate reality to look like if that state has nothing to do with Roman history,to render it as completely separate new and foreign state.
love your Byzantine/Eastern Roman content
thx so much for uploading content on the byzantine empire, the roman empire (especially the eastern roman empire) is so inspiring, amazing and intriguing all at the same time !
What a rich Video 👏🏻
That was an amazing video, Thanks!
Can you please cover Perso-Ottoman wars?
It has always bothered me that the Catholic Church and Western Europe abandoned the Byzantines to their fate. Had they provided support and sent supplies and troops... that whole region would be dramatically different.
Not sacking Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade would have helped immensely too.
@OhioDan Yes, that further blows my mind. I mean, Sunni and Shia are still fighting each other in modern times... but all the way up until at least 1700, Christians were quite happy to kill each other over their interpretation of the New Testament. Hopefully that doesn't mean that Sunnis and Shia will be fighting each other until 2200... since Islam came 500 - 600 years after the Christians.
@KingsandGenerals Could you Please make a video about the Evolution of late Roman and byzantine Weapons and Armor?😃🦅🍻🇨🇭
3:48 Its strange. The eastern border was more vulnerable but yet the Byzantines still chose to focus most of their attention on europe and neglected the east.
Great video keep it up you're doing amazing things 😁👍
Great work as always, tho will you consider a Dacian Wars video?
As always very good work and an interesting video.
Simply wonderful !
Amazingly done as always
These videos are excellent, thank you so much ❤️
Great vid as always team!
really great video, thanks for it!
Where was Gondor when the Eastern Empire fell?
Amazing
I see Roman Empire, I click. Thanks for the great video!
Excellent video
During the reign of Caliph al-Mahdi, the Roman envoy named Tarath visited Baghdad on a diplomatic mission to convey his congratulations from Emperor Constantine V to the new Caliph for his ascension. From what I heard, Tarath was very pleased with how he was received by the Caliph to the point of constructing a mill for the Caliph himself. But in return, the Caliph granted him the profits it generated and the money generated from the mill he constructed kept being paid to Tarath until the Caliph died, even when the Romans and the Muslims were at wars with one another. What I am trying to say here is that if the envoys from Bulgaria, Georgia, Khanate of Khazars, Kievan Rus' and the Abbasid Caliphate can be amazed by the imperial court in Constantinople, can the same happened to the Roman envoys who visited these nations? After all, it happened to Tarath before. Or is Tarath just an exception here since Baghdad in itself is also a cultural and intellectual powerhouse that rivaled Constantinople too?
P.S: Since when did embassies and permanent ambassadors become a thing according to history?
I suppose that was a period in which albeit enemies the Romans and the Caliphate considered each others the only light surrounded by unwashed savages - with related comments ensuing.
I remember in another K&G video that the Byzantines would measure their respect for another power based on something like the quality of the stamps they'd use on official correspondence. Letters to the Caliphate or Khazars would be stamped gold while messages sent to European courts would have bronze stamping, for instance.
Great video as usual 👏👏
excellent as always
Who Were the 'Byzantines'?
The Byzantines were not a 'people' in any ethnic sense. If we con sider only Anatolia, the population had been thoroughly mixed for many centuries." Nor did an education in classicising Greek, such as was nor mal for Christians and pagans alike when Constantinople was founded, and which continued to be the badge of culture in Byzantium, carry any ethnic implications." In this sense advancement in Byzantium was open to anyone with the means to acquire the education in the first place and the necessary connections. This was an inheritance from the Roman Empire, which included Asia Minor and the other territory which came to be ruled from Constantinople. By the early third century AD there was no longer any formal distinction in the empire between citizens and the non-citizens who formed the population of conquered or assim ilated provinces; what mattered was not ethnicity or local background but shared culture, connections and status.
Cameron, A., 2012. The Byzantines. Milton Keynes: Lightning Source, p.8.
You are talking about an Empire that has its origins in Rome. The 'Byzantines' dated the origin of their state all the way back to Augustus Caesar, not to Constantine. They knew that they were the Roman Empire and not some successor state..... Therefore, there is no such thing as a "Byzantine" except in the sense as a citizen of Constantinople, that is how the eastern Romans used the term, Byzantios, Βυζάντιος, meaning 'Byzantine'. The people of the Empire named themselves Ῥωμαῖος (Greek) or Romanus (Latin). It was a multi-ethnic state from the beginning, but you cannot separate it from its Greek vector, either. As time went on, the Roman Empire became ever more Hellenized. By the Empire's end, namely within the last 300 years of its life, the upper aristocratic class were much more open-minded towards accepting their Hellenic cultural past.
ChatGPT ahh opening
please do a video on these
(this is a copy and paste list for a few channels)
units and tactics/evaluation of loadouts of troops (from different jobs (and other branches)
like the 82 snd 101 airborne units
or infantry tank units, (or when tanks were assigned a infantry unit like i think earlier war Russia then all tanks were formed into there own units wich meant the infantry no longer knew the true strength of there own tanks but alowed tank units to fight more efficiently)
the tank doctrine of countries
evaluation of tank veiw ports
evaluation of tanks/armored vehicles of different countries
evaluation of aircraft types of different countries,
different between navil and army/air force fighters
logistics units of the axes and allied powers in ww2
ww1 estern front tactics
Russian Civil war tactics and strategies
navil ship cross sections (all the rooms and how it all works)
evaluation of types of ships
or evaluation of navil warfare (or just dedectsded videos on ww1 and ww2 navil doctrine as theres stuff out there on other times of history)
air craft carrier strike group formations exsamples (from different countries)
ancient persan ships,
ancient veneti ships (gauls that fought ceaser)
ships used by genoa and the vernesain republic
the vernesain republic government
all sailing ships, (i know theres many on yt but some contradict each other and i think theres more left out)
2b9 vasilyok morter
tactics used so far in the Ukraine war,
better for squads to be 2 teams of 5 or 3 teams of 3,
and probably the easiest, better to keep troops well feed or starved like an animal
how dose age effect comsnders eg napoleon got older so took less risks,
ancient urban warfare
ww2 tactics in Asia, tactics in the Chinese age of warlords, (and Chinese civil war)
tactics in the ruso jap war
cold war navil tactics,
Korean war tactics,
strange tactics or unque battles from the American war of independence and America civil
how were 17th centry sailing ships build
types of bombs lunched by drones
comands given on sailing ships (like ease the sheets and get ready to chine, or slack n beases, basically things you hear movie capitns say)
why did the nazis never return (or a video on best occupations)
why did the Japanese empire fall, dont just say "America" like things like how there army and navy argued alot
alot more on the Polynesians and māori, but please learn pronounceations if you do this
You can only do so much with espionage and diplomacy. I think these traits made Eastern Rome great. So how long can knowing things sustain a nation when the methods used to actively protect it fade?
Those settlers were the buffer to the Arabs and when they either died or relocated, that buffer went with them.
Great video as always!
I have one question thou:
in minute 15:50 you say "...Cyril and Methodius who are famous for evangelizing the Slavs and creating the cyrilic alphabet..."
Now, can we check that again?
They created the glagolic script (alphabet), based on which their students of the Preslav (Capital of the Bulgarian Czardom) literature school created the Cyrilic alphabet, which was namend in honor of Constantine Cyril the Philosopher
It is for some a minor or non-existent difference, but for a Bulgarian it matters a lot
It's enough that russians are Greeks are all the time claiming "We made the Cyrilic"
( :
Thanks again and keep going with the amazing work you do!
Byzantine's high diplomacy is a matter of study and is teached nowadays in several schools for strategy and diplomacy
Cyril and Metodious didn't invent the Cyrillic alphabet. They invented the Glagolic alphabet, which was really complex and inefficient to write on. Their students in Bulgaria invented the Cyrillic as a significantly simplified version of the glagolic, closer to the Greek alphabet, and named it after their teacher Cyril - Cyrillic.
Props to Arb Paninken for the fantastic artwork on this video!
Can you make a video about abbasid Frankish alliance and also about alliance between byzentine empire and emirate/caliphate of cordoba.At the time cordoba and Constantinople were most prestigious cities so i think you should make a video on these four medieval states
If there's more information available, I'd love to see a more in depth look at the Silk Job.
No one ever at any point in history called themselves Byzantine.
Yay a video
Can you make a video about the battle of Mosul 2016-2017?
Loving the byzantine videos keeper coming
Could you do a video on Simon Bolivar please?
So no one's gonna mention the "They could do a little trolling" bit? :D 8:58
Hey guys can you do a video on Eastern Rome if it managed to reconquer the west. That'd be interesting.
Still this day the Byzantine empire haunt us
Byzantine diplomacy really be like: "What Mars gives to others, Venus gives unto thee"
My favorite story of mind games is when Belisarius bluffed the Persian king's envoy with a bunch of super tough guys standing around him!!!
LOL
Interesting story. Not real history though
You're absolutely certain then?
@davidhughes8357 The reason the Persians left was the plaque. And the story of Belisariu's bluff just reeks of propaganda. There's no other source for why the Persians left but plague is a pretty good one no?
Procopius wasn't there at the time . Probably just making stuff up .
You are quite correct about the rumors of plague in the empire. We just dont have substantial proof of some incidents or motivations. Thanks for responding.
@@zombieoverlord5173 It is what Hannibal did though
Wow! Imma try and RP my future CK3 Byzantine runs with more intrigue and diplomacy then.
“The greatest victory is the battle not fought.” -Jackie Chan Adventures
The pen is mightier than a sword, unless the person holding the pen fails to pay the guy with the sword, then we have a problem
0:50 Jehovah: 🤦♂️
16:09 back then the bay east of Gdansk was a lagoon
Hello, because your channel is a historical channel and you may look at the ancient times of Iran
I suggest you to buy the book History of Ancient Iran by Sayan Publications
Iranologists work methods
And it will be released soon and available for purchase in Europe
😮Why do you call it Eastern Roman Empire? Byzantium has to do with the Capital and the Byzantines were Orthodox Greek. That's why it's a good name that reflects the originality. They knew they were Greek just the name Hellene wasn't used. When Chalramagne, the western Emperor was crown the Roman heir, the Byzantine emperor was considered emperor or King of Constantinople (imperator, rex Constantinopolitanus) his empire was called Kingdom of the Greeks (regnum Graecorum). Latin wasn't used as much the same way Greek was forgotten in Italy. The split of the two churches is also a good indicator of two empires going their own route but especially in the Meso-Byzantine era.
That's because it is the eastern half of the old Roman Empire. The term Byzantine Empire is used to distinguish it from the old Roman Empire and the term Byzantine is coined during the Renaissance. The term Byzantine is derived from Byzantium, the old name for Constantinople before Emperor Constantine chooses it as the new capital of the Roman Empire. Emperor Heraclius changed the official language from Latin to Greek. Although Latin is the official language of the Roman Empire, Koine Greek is the common language. Roman elites were educated in Greek classics and were well versed in Classical Greek. In the eastern Mediterranean, Koine Greek was the local common language. Thus, it was practical for Heraclius to use Greek as the official language instead of Latin. Throughout its history, it is the Roman Empire and even its Muslim allies and adversaries called Rum. Only the West refused to acknowledge it as Roman Empire and preferred to call it Empire of the Greeks. East and West had diverged from each other culturally and politically. Power struggle between the Pope in Rome and the Emperor in Constantinople is one of the factors for the friction between east and west. Both the Pope and the Emperor believe themselves as the head of the church which led to conflicts between them. When Charlemagne was crowed Emperor of the Romans by the Pope, this was seen as a challenge to the Roman Emperor at Constantinople. The final schism between East and West occurred in 1054 when both the Pope and the Patriarch excommunicated each other led to the separation of East and West.
@@MrLantean They didn't say Rum, they said Ρωμιοί even Ρωμανοί that's why I'm saying this indicator in English describes Βασιλεία των Ρωμαίων (as the Byzantines called themselves) poorer. Βασιλεία των Ρωμαίων means Kingdom of the Romans directly in English when it's a different in the Greek dialect of the time to when they wrote Kingdom to mean Empire. But the English language doesn't reflect that. That's why Byzantines (a real name that was always in Minor Asia) helps.
is there chanell that does not refere to romans as byzantines
Cyril and Methodius created the glagolitic alphabet. Their students created the cyrilic alphabet and named it that way to honor their teacher.
👍👍
Kyivan Rus' wasn't a potential threat to Byzantium, they raided it often.
Those Great Moravia borders are deadly............ 16:00 seriously, Nitra, one of the two core territories of Great Moravia, aka majority of today's western half of Slovakia, is south of the Carpathian mountains, you cut like half of Great Moravia off, not to mention making U. Panonia reach north beyond the Danube... which it also most likely did not around the Morava river.
(Let's not even get into gigaBulgaria inside the Pannonian basin at this point in time, please don't use crusader kings 3 map)
Any borders during that time are absolutely uncertain and were everchanging. Great Moravia in particular. At the end of the day its our general estimate not how things really were back then. And without satelites, proper research even cartographs couldnt get it right back then. As long as we are not having Abbasid Caliphate in Scandinavia we are good. This is for me in acceptable distance.
@@rjofusetsudzin8011 "uncertain and everchanging" I mean yes, doesn't change the fact that Great Moravia as we call it today was composed of core territories of Moravia and Nitra (Bohemia was more of a side thing) and Nitra was and still IS south of the Carpathian mountains (look at Slovakia please, seriously) so if the map portrays the Carpathian mountains, it should care to adjust the realities of colored regions to reflect it, it's like putting Lombardy somewhere inside Bavaria rather than in Italy.
As for the bit with satellites... what even is your point? We use satellite maps today to portray historical realities because we have such tools, the source and materials that fuel them have nothing to do with people in the past not having satellites. "Proper research" is done on the ground and then you apply it to the map, not the other way around.
@@Rhosus Nobody will waste soldiers or people to do proper research on the ground in the time where there are more important things in highly dangerous territory. Even then there is limit how much accurate map can we if you have only that POV on the rock.
And Grand Moravia and its core territories is describe by uncertain sources since almost nothing about Grand Moravia from the Grand Moravia itself was left. So all the borders will be just guess.
Setting aside there was no border control back then. Thats why you have fortified cities and villages. Any controlls were done there and at castles. Nobody was guarding the line which would be even impossible at time.
As you clearly haven't read my comment I'm seriously thinking whether I should even write more but very well.
I am talking about making a map in modern day and age with information we posses in modern day and age, aka archeological sites and what we know from chronicles or other written sources.
I am NOT talking about how people traveled or viewed their lands in the past or how scouting and control was done nor what was perceived as a border
Great Moravia formed by unification of Moravia and Nitra.
Historical Nitra is majority of modern day western half of Slovakia, which is located entirely south of the Carpathian mountains, in geographical terms even with your mentioned shaky borders it was a land between the Danube in the south and the Carpathians in the north and northwest where it neighbored Moravia, while Moravia was a land around the Morava river between the Danube in the south and the Sudeten mountain ranges in the north and west, bordering Nitra on the southeast with Carpathian mountains to it's east
Not respecting that fact on a map that has Carpathian mountains on it is just silly
Or do you think that a map of Holy Roman Empire shouldn't have northern Italy on it because it's south of the Alps?
And there is also evidence that the word 'Hellene' now meant 'pagan', and Justinian did conduct persecutions of Hellenes. The world of Classics in the sixth century was not entirely rosy.
Scott, R., n.d. Byzantine chronicles and the sixth century
The world Hellene never meant pagan. The world for pagans was Ethnikoi ,a word that means national in Greek.
So did medieval diplomats have special immunity from being arrested in another diplomatic country?
If you want to know about Byzantine diplomacy, ask the Bulgarians...
Comment 🎉
The trick of Belisarius is a lie, Khosrow moved out of Syria because of the plague, not the trick which is written by the Roman sources of that time a.k.a fan of OG Belisarius.
Wasn't it just 1 source?
yes it was (Procopius) the as$ kisser@@zombieoverlord5173
In Turkish there is a phrase called "playing byzantine games" which means displaying cunning and tricky and hypocritic behaviors.
Why no work about Palestine history ? Can you make one with out feel to be sides only with truth
Beacuse they were byzantine
😂 A New Religion 😮
الحق
لا إله إلا الله (وحده لاشريك له )
وأن محمد رسول الله .(صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم )
من المغرب الى الحجاز
الشرق والغرب !
to all the people who are interested in above videos and history. id recommend you to read, Qur'an.(muslim's holy book)
there is a whole dedicated chapter for romans, namely Ar-Rum. Read and know what your lord has been revealed. keep in mind, the Quran was revelled when romans were the super power.
The Romans have been defeated in the nearest land (to the Arabian Peninsula), and they, after their defeat, will be victorious within three to nine years.... (Quran, 30:2-4)
First
As a wise man said once, the Eastern Romans were the "Golden Disaster Empire"
We’re not al LOTR’s fans. A less cryptic explanation would be appreciated.
What was cryptic?
ruclips.net/video/GDYQ3PJKrT8/видео.html