3 Reasons to Study Latin (for Normal People, Not Language Geeks)
HTML-код
- Опубликовано: 23 авг 2024
- Latin is a useless language - unless you're learning it for the right reasons.
Classical Conversations supports parents and students in Christian, classical homeschooling with weekly academic programs held in local communities.
Who is Classical Conversations?
• Welcome to Classical C...
Our Website: www.classicalc...
Connect with a local community:
www.classicalc...
Articles about Homeschooling and Classical Education www.classicalc...
Video Tutorials, Forums, Downloads and more: www.classicalc...
Facebook: / classicalconversations
Twitter: / classicalconv
Pinterest: / classicalconv
G+: clcvr.se/1HqEHgr
i'm already learning Latin, just seeing if im wasting my time or not.
Same lol
Lmfao same here. I was having doubts but this made me feel better
Is studying a waste of time for you?
I want "waste my time" like that.
as long as one haves fun w it its not a waste of time
being able to understand something new because youve learned it is so euphoric imo. latin will be my third learned language, second is english
The way you explain things makes me want you to teach me the secrets of the universe.
But...they're secrets...
You want to know the secrets of the universe? Okey dokey then.
Nothing is real.
Everything that exists is just a bunch of mathematical expressions created by sets of potentials, which overlap to make energy and matter. This is no different than the way a computer uses ones and zeroes in binary code. All of reality is indistinguishable from a computer simulation.
42?
Lol
Classical Conversations that’s the answer. What is the question to life, the universe and everything?
Knowing Latin you will find it easier to learn all the spells at Hogwarts
YESSIR
@Jaeden. Gray THIS!
lol great
Or realize that they're nonsense words slapped together
@@mrhfrc8470 That would be German
Main reason to learn Latin: this guy knows Latin, and produced the clearest, concise and logical video I've seen on RUclips and he knows latin. Well done
you are one of the few who understood the meaning of the video
This guy doesn't pronounce Latin correctly though Cicero would be pronounced Kickero not Sisero!
@@fenthedog English pronunciation for when speaking English duh
This was one of the best persuasive arguments I have ever heard.
We thought Latin deserved it.
LOL
I homeschooled my four children. Luckily, I knew Latin and taught it to them. My reason for choosing Latin was for the many reasons detailed in this video. As it was also the language of a classic education which is geared not to rote learning, but to thinking, was important to me. I now know that learning the very structured Latin, helped my boys in all of their other subjects. All four boys went on to college, and all four boys made honors every single year. I'm not saying all of their good grades are attributed to learning Latin, but I believe it contributed to their proficiency in English and writing. Homeschooling, without the pressures of public schools and its social pressures, created a much better learning atmosphere.
Excellent! 👍
😂Yeah Great 😂
Interesting. I associate a "classic education" with lots of rote learning.
Well you are incorrect.
@@wintermatherne2524 And you're curt. .
8:38 No one going to mention how he flawlessly writes backwards?
World's 8th wonder.
well I do it too so I don't find it much interesting and to be praised akhsajdh I also write upside down and backwards upside down, I recomended you to try, it's very funny seeing how your writing may be better in a different position than the right jaja
I’m pretty sure it was mirrored
Another benefit of learning Latin 😂
Who is this guy? I hope he's a teacher. He's brilliant!
I would ,without any doubt, pay to take a language course with him.
hes my teacher and hes teaching latin in my online school
he's my latin teacher hahahah
@@321cab96 really 😳
He is also cute and bright and good in keeping the attention on what he says. Rare. Me quoque lingua Latina studeo, cotidie, sine magistre... ad nunc. ;)
“Your mind becomes like what you spend your time thinking about” dang
Looks like I’m studying Latin now
How’d it go? I’m guessing the grammar drove you off
Charshii oh yeah
Australia Isn’t reAl Starting classes this semester, I’ll let you know haha.
@AnotherDeathEater The grammar is a lot more complicated than any of its descendants
@AnotherDeathEater I'd say that no language is inherently more difficult than another. In latin's case it's because it's just less similar to anything we have experience with.
I watched this video on a whim last night, and now today I've ordered Familia Romana to start studying Latin.
I've been studying Latin for 26 years now. You've expressed the reasons to learn and love this language like no other I've heard before. Gratias tibi ago!
hi, do you mind me asking what resources you've used to study Latin? i found an app called bluebird languages that im studying with to begin. thanks 🖤
Hi there.Could you please help me out? I really wanna learn.I am polyglot already.But I learn better with a teacher.Could you teach me?
What a great way to demystify something typically treated with such pomp. I always felt like my response to why study Latin over any other language was met with, “Because it’s better. It’s such a shame you can’t see that”
Thank you for presenting such nuanced reasons clearly and approachably.
It has nothing to do with pomp.
We had no choice back in schools in 1950s England. I ended up doing Advanced Level GCE whether I would or not! It has been remarkably useful ,though
Found this video so persuasive that I started studying Latin myself. I'm an adult who hasn't been to school for years. Latin was not offered in my high school even though I lived in a middle class suburban community. I always wanted to learn it though. Also noticed long ago that people who studied Latin have a superior command of English. It makes you seem more educated because you ARE more educated if you study it (I have graduate degrees in more than one field, and I still think it can be helpful). Keep up the good work in encouraging classical education. You're performing a valuable service.
How are you getting on?
I hope you're doing good!! good luck
It's been a year big guy.
How's it goin?
@@danielsurvivor1372 yea did you go and learn Latin like you wanted to or did you procrastinate?
This is a fantastic video.
Thanks! Please share it with your CC families - the importance of Latin is a message that needs to get out!
Νice greek word fantastic=φανταστικός=φαντασία
I'm just impressed by the quality of this video! It seems like it was directed by a professional film maker (I bet you are!) It's not so common to see that level of quality on a subject that few people talk about which is the latin learning process. Thanks for the time and effort put into making this video happen! :)
Comment written by a Portuguese native speaker.
You are welcome! I am in a way - I make films professionally for Classical Conversations. Some more like this, on Classical Education and Socrates, are on their way eventually.
Its because of his latin wisdom
Im sold.
Amazing video. This is one of the best, most thorough explanations of the benefits of studying Latin that I have seen.
Thank you - that is what we were going for!
Also you can read some funny jokes, like “Ursus in tabernam introiit et cerevisium imperavit.”
Free Man It’s in a textbook titled “Latina Prō Pōpulō,” of which I don’t have a copy right now. The English translation goes something like this:
A bear walks into a bar and orders a beer. The bartender serves him the beer, saying “75 sestertii, please.” The bear pays without comment, and the bartender, trying to be friendly, comments “We don’t get many bears in this bar.” The bear replies “At these prices, I’m not surprised!”
But the only part of the Latin text I remember accurately is the opening.
Free Man Valē, amīce!
You should do a video about the best reasons for learning Greek!
My aunt studied Latin in 7th and 8th grade, and then continued with the language through four years of high school. My grandparents were proud of her accomplishments, and she won the Latin prize for six years----no mean feat at that time. She was still reading Roman authors until about six months before she died last year (she was 91). My regret: Latin was not considered "relevant" when I was in high school, and only French and Spanish were offered. I'm glad that some discerning people see that Latin is indeed useful and are looking for ways to increase their knowledge of the language.
Very true. I’ve been learning German and the language itself explains why they are the way that they are (organized, direct, and precise).
Nice to hear but totally not true ;-) Maybe you meant that it's rather easy to learn how written words are pronounced. That is true. Also orthography is at least more regular than French and English, which isn't much of a praise :-)). But our grammer is arguably a mess:
200 of the most basic verbs are "strong verbs" and probably many more nouns (haven't found the numbers here) are "strong nouns" meaning they are conjugated or declinated very irregularly. They have been in the language for a long time and have evolved from a more regular form many centuries ago to what they are now. E.g.:
Ich laufe, er läuft, wir liefen; ich habe, ich hatte; ich sende, du sandtest; du rufst, du riefst. Vater, Väter. Frau, Frauen. Vogel, Vögel. Haus, Häuser.
Germans are direct. They call birth control "anti - baby pills" .
A colour tv is called a 'colour remote viewing device' - Farbfernsehgerät.
i guess you never actually lived here
@@MrTalkingzerolmaoo epic
The power of your arguments implies that you've already learned Latin :)
Your inference couldn't be more obvious.
Even though I'm not english in any sort of way ( native tongue, blood etc. ) Learning latin for one year in high school and then half a year after that as an etymology nut ( basically I like to know what each part of the word means and its origins ) has drastically improved my knowledge of English and my pronunciation "instincts" when encountering a new word or a new form of a word.
This video make me want to learn Latin, so I've started. It feels great when you see your progress, the way that old things now have new meaning. What a great video.
Yeah Spectrum sempra ( that’s all the latin I know 😓)
And how are you doing now?
what resources do you use to learn, and how is your progress coming along?
@@anna-wt2tz well it's hard to say how is my progress, but I'm satisfied. I used several website and videos here on RUclips, plus Duolingo. I cannot say that my knowledge of Latin is great, but it's enough for me. Ego linguam latinam amo et laetus sum! Hahaha
@@luizcarvalho7597 can't complain I have to say.
Well, I'm a native Dutch speaker, fluent in English as a second language and reasonably capable in German... I suppose it's time for me to take a linguistical trip to the other side of the Limes.
Can you speak Flemish? I heard Flemish prose is great.
@@franciskai4155 Well, Flemish is a dialect of Dutch. So yes, I understand Flemish, though I do not speak the dialect myself.
@@DeHeld8 Ave Frankia Nederlandica et Roma Italica
I dont know what it is about the sound of Dutch to my ears but I love it. I study very little daily, because I study Spanish first and foremost, but I cant stop myself from learning Dutch. it just sounds so beautiful to me.
Latin language and Latin mass has been helping me teach elementary students to figure out words that they don’t know. We are learning together! Thank you for your video!
What a fantastic video explaining why we study Latin! This is the smartest (and most enjoyable) answer I've seen to the question.
High praise from someone whose username is in Lingua Latina.
according to a report by the bbc in London
The English language:
1- It uses and depends on the Roman alphabet (in my opinion this is a fundamental reason for being a hybrid language).
2-His vocabulary is 60% Latin.
3- Its grammar is 38% Latin (denying the legend that its grammar is 100% Germanic). Other sources state that it is 39% Latin.
Therefore, it is philologically impossible to consider the English language as a Germanic language. English is really a hybrid.
What a good quality. When I finished watching it I thought there's a million or more views, but sadly extremely less. The way you explain and express is really easy and understandable
Great video! This inspires me to continue reading/studying Latin.
reason 5 : me being a catholic as Latin is a sacred language of Catholicism. thank you =D
Dominus vobiscum!
Marshmallow it is though, Hellenism was thoroughly blown the fuck out, get rekt
Liberty
ok. not gonna mock your... i just won't. however, i think you may be getting two excellent classic languages confused? :]
that’s why i want to learn! i also want to teach it to my kids once i know
@Marshmallow Languages doesn't have "sacred religions".
8:25 DUDE!!!
He is writtimg with his left hand backwards so we can read because he is on the other side, that is mother fucking awesome
I still don't understand why I should learn Latin but this video's, the speaker's enthusiasm in particular, got me pumped to learn Latin.
I have never seen a so detrailed and good video about reasons to study latin. Thank you so much, it helped me a lot!
I really enjoyed watching this video! Great balance of information, music, laughter and inspiration. You drew me in and I didn't want to stop watching. Excellent Work. Keep 'em coming!
Thanks, Rebecca!
What an EXCELLENT video. Informative, engaging, and entertaining. I would love to see more of this style from CC!
by far. this was the most motivating videos i've seen in a while that charges me with learning latin. very enjoyable.
Thank you for this! We are beginning Classical Conversations this coming year. I always used an eclectic approach for the past 9 years but we are really excited for our new venture! I had not known of all of the benefits of Latin or how strong it was in terms of mental discipline. My son wants to be an engineer, so Latin is a great fit for us to reach these goals, improve critical thinking, enhance problem-solving and attention to detail. Your video was super encouraging!
I'm Brazilian and I have been studying English by myself but I'm going to study Latin language too. I want to understand cultures much better and improve my conversation in Portuguese and English. I've learned French but French it's not a hard challenge for a Portuguese speaker. Sorry my English is bad
Well, English is definitely more of a mixed bag than a romance language. Your English here is better than most native speaker's Internet comments, so congratulations!
@@desanipt Ele falou que acha fácil e não difícil. Hahaha
Well done!! I have a new way to express the "why's" with relatable context. Thanks!! I'd love to see more like this.
Thank you ! please pass it along to friends who are asking "why."
I love this. I had to go back and rewatch sections over and over again to get it, but its SO SO good! Thank you!!!
The production value is so high, sold!
Well done sir! You've made me plan on learning Latin! :D
I learn Classical languages as a personal rebellion against progressivism.
i remembering spending hours of my youth trying to teach myself latin. the skills were invaluable. my aim was to read all classic lit in the original languages. this has resparked that fire..."the mind is not a vessel to be filled but a fire to be ignited"... plutarch from memory
This might be the best video essay on RUclips, between the arguments, the rhetoric, and the cinematography, it blows most video essays out of the water.
I'm going to start showing this video to people who ask me why I went through two years of Latin.
Five years latin and ancient greek during high school and I don't regret it
how developed are your reading/writing/speaking skills after those 2 years?
This video should have millions of views
Absolutely fabulous! A fresh take on the vision we struggle often for our families to see. Thank you!! I am sending out to all my directors and families now!
Please do! The importance of Latin is a message that very much needs to be spread!
I was a practicum speaker, and showed it in the afternoon to the parents -- huge positive response. I included the hybrid language part in the morning session, and pointed everyone to the video. The discussion around this really seemed to make an impression on the families. Thank you!
I have one more practicum where I am the public speaker. I am going to try to incorporate this video into the presentation. This is great. It would have been great if I had had this video at the beginning of the summer for all of the practicums. Thank you CC (and the amazing actors) for creating this video. It was great for the content as well as the entertainment.
If we're not entertaining, we're skipping the art of rhetoric - it's as simple as that. :) Please share at practicums - this is a message we want to get out!
Learn Latin and you can debunk so much. I’ll never forgot the day my roommate yelled at me “Latin is a dead language” like I’m stupid. Aren’t we just a dead society? Why not speak Latin 🤓
10:49 Latin is an almost totally consistent system
Almost.
ALMOST.
What's your point? Not to be rude of course, but I'd like to see a language that completely articulates the infinitely variable thought process of the mind, flawlessly. Almost, is better than the inconsistency that we find today. That's just my perspective, what's yours?
REMEBER THE SPECIAL VERBS!
@@jsil_ Esperanto is probably more regular.
@@niktonic5379 It's not fair to compare a constructed language to a natural language
Well explained with humour. When you study Latin you study Latin you take in every aspect. You never permit yourself to say in medical school "I don't need to study cadavers " . You can tell in Law school who will not be a cultured Lawyer , when they say to you " I don't have to speak Latin to you". It is better to learn some Latin and be appreciated by educated subcultures.
To be very honest, I only subscribed after being subjected to the godlike amount of editing and preparation that went into making this fantastic "RUclips Video".
Very interesting video, compliments. I am Italian and I am so glad to know that there is so much interest in Latin languages.I am happy to know that a half of the words in English come from the old Latin.
Started studying it a year ago and I have NO REGRETS!
yo its been almost a year since you posted this. You still have no regrets? And also bro, HOW?? Im in my first year of latin in school and i hate it so much its literally ruining my whole school days. You got any advice or tips for me?
Love this guy's energy.
I recently started learning Latin, just because I like learning stuff, but this vidhan given me some great responses for those people who ask me why I'm learning it. It's a great video BTW. ❤😂👌👍
This channel should have millions upon millions of views!
3:32 A correct analogy would be: I don`t want to study this steam engine from the 1700s because I steam engines are rarely used in the year 2020.
Language, thinking =/= tool
@@neuronneuron3645 Fair enough.
@@sprayink641 what does that mean
@@neuronneuron3645 It means that I mostly agree with you.
As someone who has a deep running appreciation for, and fascination with, steam engines; especially locomotives, but hey, that's what happens when you take your two or three year old child to see one and it becomes one of their earliest recollectable memories in life; this analogy hammered that point home even further.
Good on you for that.
What a terrific video! Incredibly well done and persuasive (and entertaining). Thanks for putting it together. Hope it's successful. Many decades ago, it was common for students to study Latin in high school (and some even studied ancient Greek), which is probably why people were capable of better criticial thinking back then than they are today even though today the average person spends many more years in school. We are graduating dimwits from college now. This didn't happen before 1960.
Drexel Mildraff ikr this video is kinda genius
ok boomer.
When I was studying Latin, the class was not only about the language but also about linguistics. As I went on with studying modern languages, I applied what my Latin classes taught me: not simply translating but understanding how the languages work.
You make the case well. Thanks for that. Keep up the good fight. If you can reach today's youth, who don't read and who, in fact, can't read in the traditional sense, you will be a blessing.
Wow I’m an Italian student attending high school (a “liceo scientifico” where we study more mathematics, science and physics but also Italian, English, Philosophy, History...)This video really caught me.I already study Latin, I confirm that’s all true, I found Latin helpful to improve my English and my Italian and my thoughts.
I advice you to use the Olberg way to learn it, because it’s like you are learning a nowadays language like French.
(If I made some grammar mistakes pls answer me)
I feel as if learning French (to a very high level) also delivered these benefits to me...
You guys did an extraordinary job for the explanation of the benefits of learning Latin. This added other values then the reasons that I do see being talked about in other videos.
this has to be one of the best videos on youtube
I have been studying Latin for two years and is all truth! When I started to study in the United States it was easier to study any material because each one of them have patterns that are easily predictable.
Well done! Entertaining, informative, and enlightening!
This has to be on of the best (if not the best) video that CC has ever put out. So fun, informative, and something my kids would want to watch.
Wow, thanks!
great video, this is awesome, thank you
Excellent! So many wonderful nuggets! Thank you.
I was going to say something about Latin only being a third of English, not a half, and Greek being another third (being the source of many of the words you used in this video such as democracy and logic). Greek is also the language of medicine. But you covered it just fine there at the end. :D
Thank you for this fantastic video. I learned Greek last year (I was actually in an intensive Greek class the day you posted this video) and I have been wanting to learn Latin next. I found this video and watched it with my wife to convince her to learn Latin with me, and you did a wonderful job. Thank you so much, and I hope you inspired many others to commit to the incredibly rewarding process of learning an ancient inflected language.
I learned more about Latin in a few minutes here than anywhere else. Thanks.
This was very inspiring! Thanks for making my 'why' for learning Latin a lot clearer. You've got a good voice!
You're welcome! I hope everyone can be inspired to study Latin!
Huzzah!
I enjoyed the video, and I look forward to brushing up on Latin! (-Had it in high school, and a bit in college.) There are many good reasons; my biggest reason for learning Latin is to read the theological writings of my church.
Thanks for the video!
This is the best CC video ever!
Thank you! We only hope to move forward from here!
As a boy I despised learning Latin, HOWEVER, Latin helped me also learn French, Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese, and although it had nothing to do with most Dutch, Finnish, Swedish, German, I learned them relatively quickly. The only languages it was useless for were the Asian dialects. AND YES I speak 5 of these fluently (with no accent - or a slight accent), I can communicate in all of them. LATIN although not part of many of the latter...knowing other languages, made it easy, thanks to Latin. (WHICH BTW, I learned as a boy.) OH, and no I don't speak, nor studied Greek, I certainly understood it...go figure.
Don't you hate it when you want to comment on a video but you scroll down and realize that you already did, and that if you commented you would have two comments in a row and it would look weird?
This video was amazing. Tailor made for the short-attention span TikToc generation. You could have easily droned on from one location, but you livened it up. It's clear you put so much time in this. The many scene cuts and comical scenes keep one engaged, and yet you are conveying profundity by the pound. Masterful. Consider me subscribed.
It is a little sad if the end goal of learning Latin is to translate its literature (which has already been done a thousand times, and better than you could) into your own language. Why not learn Latin to enjoy its literature in itself? Or even to produce it? This is what Orberg's LLPSI aims at. I'm sure the Classical Conversations paradigm could be altered to accommodate it.
Who has Latin class this year?
Me :(
What demon did you summon? How many?
Myler Wilson
six hundred sixty-six? :D
Me lmao.
I love this guy! Great presentation.
The best kind of channel i've seen.
Great Job!
Shucks, you're sweet.
1:27 there’s no M before the B in “sobremesa”
(Sobre comes from supra in Latin, btw)
and mesa from Latin "mensa" - meaning table.....super + mensa ......above/over table, which is the _literal_ meaning of "sobremesa"
There is if you are hiding under the table, in the shadow of the table.
I’m better at English than a lot of people online I know, this is because I wasn’t subjected to it before I was around 8 - 9 or something, as I am from Norway. As you explained I don’t really care about Norwegian grammar because I was speaking it since I was like 3 and now it’s boring.
I wanted to start when I was a teenager, but was told to study spanish and I just couldn't get into it. It has stayed with me my whole life of wanting to learn it. So i now have had a window to fully devote time and start a new job. So what better time? I'm 35, starting a new language, enjoy writing, and deep research as well. Each year in life is a new adventure! Happy Discoveries!!!! :)
Same with me...nice vdo,to accelerate the urge to learn Latin..Hope I learn and speak Latin fluently one day, perhaps...
English has Latinate and Greek vocabulary with Germanic-Anglo Saxon syntax. The really astute writers like Shakespeare, Waugh, Lewis, Swift, and Faulkner make Old English harmonize with the Latin.
Alright, I'm gonna study latin but only if THIS guy teach me !! He's awesome!
kiddin' haha I kinda already study it...
hilarious
@@ExploreLearnEnglishWithGeorge okay tough loser
Exactly the same reasons could be said as to why everyone should learn maths.
I was on the edge of choosing between Latin and Chinese for the next four years of high school and I found this video very helpful to make a decision.
If you want to go to Heaven, there is no sense to learn Chinese. Learn Hebrew, Greek and Latin. I am a native Chinese speaker and I know Chinese literature and history very well.
I agree with Alexis Blesoe. You are destined for greatness, funny and fun. Keep going, make more videos and things. You are world class, and taking explaining things, teaching casually, sharing facts, to a new level!
Let's be real for once. Learning ANY language is a very hard and time-consuming activity. In fact, language learning is the hardest subject even compared to stuff like quantum physics. Regardless of what these polyglots are telling you.
What matters the most is 3 things: whether you love the language, need it for education/work/immigration or just want yourself some challenge. If you look at Latin or any other tongue you come across and it fails in all three of these scriteria, you probably don't need it at all. It's as simple as that. Screw that bullshit about how it helps with other related languages and learning something out of gratitude for cultural heritage. With such logic everyone also must pick up Phoenician and Ancient Egyptian. Oh, for crying out loud...
There are idiots out there who in all seriousness claim that you shouldn't go for Dutch, Swedish, Danish or Norwegian before you master German. Or Japanese and Korean, if you haven't learned Chinese first. Or Persian if you don't know Arabic. No! Don't be led astray by some conceited, self-righteous geniuses whose standards are too high for ordinary people. Go straight for you target language(s). Learn what YOU want to learn, not what others are telling you to.
You've influenced me to learn Italiano! I'm skipping over since I already know Spanish.
Abel Holguin
lolol i love how the video about why you ought to learn latin convinced you to learn italian XD
Very clever presentation with full of reasons for learning Latin which make sense. Muy buen video con buenas razones para aprender Latín. Gracias!
I love how this guy expresses his ideas!! Awesome!! I had my challenge A student watch it and he laughed as much as i did. Laughter is an important key to connecting with our kids.
2:53
BE GONE
BE GONE
BE GONE
BE GONE
BE GONE
BE GONE
u absolute legend
My father studied Latin in high school. It was a required course. He was born in 1910. I asked him what use a dead language could be, and he said, “it teaches you how to think.” You were much more comprehensive and eloquent, but you basically said the same thing. I think we should bring Latin back into our schools. Thinking seems to be something a lot of people have trouble with today. Thank you for your excellent video. I’m going watch it a few more times.
yeah I'm choosing between Latin and Spanish, and even though I'm being told Spanish is more useful, I want to know Latin.
No offence but this is typical propaganda from Latin teachers is there a single example of how thinking is improved by learning Latin surely one should study physics a science in order to develop ones ability to think and express oneself clearly
The whole language is based on latin and greek and our hole culture.
No matter how I try it won't let me engage the bell, so I can be notified every time you post something
😂😂😂😂😂 dude youre a riot, keep up the good work 😂👍💗
I’m currently studying Latin
*how does this not have more views*
Great Video. It was great meeting you today at the Clayton Practicum.
Thanks. Collab?
Sure. What were you thinking?? I do more with organization, homeschool organization, etc.
What an intelligent and clever way to explain the learning outcome from studying Latin! I especially like the part about gaining wisdom and learning to structure ones thoughts:)
Thank you!