Staging cancers: TNM and I-IV systems
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- Опубликовано: 9 июл 2024
- Staging cancers is important to determine the prognosis of a patient and what treatment they might best benefit from. It is also vital to structuring research and developing guidelines for cancer treatment.
The most widely used system is the TNM system. T stands for tumour, and gives an impression of how large, or how locally invasive the primary tumour is.
N stands for node. This refers to the number of lymph nodes close to the tumour that are affected.
M stands for Metastases. If a tumour has spread and begins to form secondary tumours in other parts of the body it is said to have metastasised.
The number system (Stage I-IV) integrates information from the TNM system to come up with a simplified score.
References
cancerstaging.org/references-t...
This is very helpful. Thanks for posting.
Super clear explanation. Thank you!
He sounds like such a kind guy!
right?! love his accent too.
So clear. So helpful. Thank u
Brilliant, thank you 😎
So helpful thanks!
My status was changed to N1c, because of possible vascular involvement, even though there’s no tumor detected in my lymph nodes. They staged me as a stage 3, high risk. They want me to do 6 months of chemo, even though my surgeon said he was confident he removed all the colon that was affected. I’m not sure if I want to go through with the chemo. Especially 6 months of it.
Thank you
Very helpful thanks a whole lot
Thanks!
thank you very much ❤❤❤
thanksss
what it is the reference?
superb highly productive🤗
Thanks ☺️
Wow...so good 👍👌explanation
salute buddy， but could you provide the slides as well?
Thnks to teach us❤
Thankyou
Fml I wish I found this much earlier
What stage is ypT3Nx ?
Thanks
Did not see anything in your video about T0, but what does T0 mean? I'm reading that it means no tumor can be detected, but if that's true, then how can there be any cancer? Doesn't cancer have to begin from a tumor?
Thanks for the comment! You're right in that most cancers begin from a solid tumour and then spread elsewhere. An obvious exception to that would be the majority of haematological (blood cell) cancers which don't form solid tumours, however these usually have different staging systems.
Sometimes however tumour tissue is found in lymph nodes (or in any other part of the body), which when biopsied and examined histologically (under a microscope), is shown to originate from another organ where a tumour hasn't been identified (perhaps because it is too small to be seen on a scan or is obscured somehow). This would mean that the tumour tissue in the nodes or other organs are in fact metastases, and not the primary tumour. For example, a tumour may be found in a lymph node in the chest, or a tumour in the liver, and histologically be found to be lung cancer cells, but no lung tumour is seen on any scan. This would mean that the tumour staging in the TNM system would be T0 (no evidence of primary tumour). The primary tumour is presumably there somewhere, but cannot be found.
Another time T0 is used is when there is cancer of unknown primary (where there is no known primary tumour and histology from metastatic tissue doesn't give a clear idea of where it may have originated.
Finally, if a patient has cancer that recurs after treatment, they are often re-staged. For instance, someone might have a bowel cancer that is staged as a T3N0M0 tumour and have surgery to remove the tumour. They may have cells that managed to metastasise before the surgery was done, and then a few years down the line form a metastatic tumour in the liver. If this was then detected the cancer would be re-staged as a T0N0M1. It is still a bowel cancer, but the primary tumour was previous removed. Sometimes in these cases the staging includes an 'r' to signify recurrence or retreatment (in this case rT0N0rM1).
makes a lot more sense now, thanks for such a fast response! I have an exam next week
+Megan Coates after fear or acute response diagnostics? hm
Megan, I have honestly never had to use a C or P T0. The only time I could see using this would be in regressive melanoma, but even then we would still be able to use the C info for P staging. A majority of the time, cTx or pTx will be used if you cant detect cancer, but this is generally seen in metastatic disease. That being said, TNM is not used for hem cases, this will use SEER Hema with a TNM of 88 (not able to be staged). For those cases SEER Summary will be providing the information if it is local or distant.
That called a pre cancerous cells/tumour
SiR only PT1 means???
My husband has T3c N1 M0.....is it curable ?
How’s your husband doing? 🙏🏻
Nice
Sir,my mother is suffering from colorectal cancer.....she is on M1 stage aur metastatic...... Is she is not curable or more fatal likely to be?....please reply
Ali, first I am sorry to hear your mother has stage 4 CRC. Chances are she is not curable in the aspect of a complete remission but it has happened before. Stage 4 CRC can be very taxing on the system, especially at the cardio level with immunotherapy drugs if used. US stats have about ~10-15% of stage 4 CRC patients making it to 5 years. My father made it 4.5 before he could no longer fight. As a former caregiver, all I can say is don't give up the hope and keep fighting till you can't anymore. I wish I could make it go away but this is the reality, unfortunately.
May she get well soon
Prayers for your mom❤
I lov u
Sir what is mean PT4AN3BMO and how much time it will take to come on this stage
The TNM Stage you gave here is dependant upon a few factors, such as primary site. If you are talking CRC, the tumor has spread thru visceral peritoneum & continuous invasion to surface of peritoneum (pT4a). There is no N3b cat for CRC, one you hit 4 or more positive LN its a 3 cancer. cM0 just means they have no clinical signs of metastatic disease. This is based of AJCC 8th edition btw.
sir my Histopathology report says
Right segmental mandibulectomy, intraoperative consultation:
Moderately differentiated conventional squamous cell carcinoma of right lower gingiva, involving
underlying mandibular bone with metastases to ipsilateral cervical lymph nodes (2/13)
Path stage: pT4aN3bMX
So please tell me how much time it will take to come on this stage
So the staging on the cancer is wrong. It would still be pT4aN3b but it would be M0 not Mx as Mx is not a valid code. "Mx cat was eliminated in AJCC & UICC in the 6th edition. Unless there is c or p evidence, the pt will be classified as a cM0". I do not understand your 2nd part though. Do you mean how long it took for this cancer to develop or to stage it?
Thanks for your replay
Yes sir i want to know that how long it took for this cancer to devlop
Yes just skip IIa IIb and IIIa IIIb
Sir what is ment by Mx
Mx means metastases cannot be assessed - this might be because the patient has not yet had, or cannot have the tests necessary to find metastases (scans etc)
Oncology for Medical Students
Thanks you sir...
@@oncologyformedicalstudents6877 However Mx does not exist. The rationale would be to say you have pathologically sampled every tissue in the body and discovered no cancer. The only categories for M are M0 or 1, depending on the primary site. WHile pathologist will type Mx which frustrates Tumor Registrars, we stage the M based on clinical documentation. If I were to type Mx into either clinical or pathological fields, I would have an error thus not allowing for proper staging.
@@anonanon4649 I don't quite get - Mx is only used by pathologists who are dealing with tissue, while Mx does not exist for oncologists who are dealing with imaging studies? Would you please a bit more?
@@xDomglmao so Mx is used by pathologist as a way of saying they do not see metastatic disease in the samples. At the oncologist level, Mx is not valid as you would have to sample every tissue to confirm no diagnosis of metastatic disease. Honestly the pathologist I work with dont even use Mx if they have no samples, they will leave it up to the one of registry to assign M0. Does this help?
Who's here after Chadwick Boseman's death?
Me
Just Some Guy Without A Profile Yeeeei !
RIP King Chadwick...
Metastasis can not be measured meaning
Cancer Terms! TNM Staging System, Biopsy, Prognosis, Palliation, Recurrence/Relapse!
ruclips.net/video/oJGj2a0ZnCc/видео.html
Techno blade
Wtf ist das und warum kommt das bei tnm? Ich will rap hörn
Zeing [RAP] lol
tnm ist ein weg, wie man krebs klassifizieren kann