Top 10 incredibly advanced Roman technologies that will blow your mind.
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- Опубликовано: 17 май 2024
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In this video, we are going to explore the technological aspect of the Roman Empire, and what we lost when the empire fell. The Romans were a very advanced society, with many surprisingly modern technologies, some of which surprise us even today.
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0:00 Introduction
0:54 Roman Concrete
4:42 Giant Buildings
11:06 Road Network
11:55 Roman Mining
14:04 Computers
15:14 Roman Nanotechnology
16:32 Irrigation, Running Water, Heating Systems
17:44 Surgical Instruments
21:42 Steam Engine
22:58 Automation
23:51 Nero's Rotating Platform
24:55 Greek Fire
26:15 Flexible Glass 
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Thanks for watching this video! We are planning on doing more in depth videos about roman technologies. Please let us know in which technology you are most interested in! Please comment below!
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We might review the Pre-INCA AND Inca Civilization Techniques and knowledge in different areas as Agriculture ( Moray, Andenes, corn, potato, red tomato, quinoa, pallares, maca) Post-agriculture handle of grains ( drying in the Colcas ) Cattle ( alpaca, llamas, cuy ), Communication ( Chaskis ), Fishing ( Caballito de Totora, ceviche, ), Mining and Metalurgy ( Gold , Silver, Copper , alloys ), Building ( carved big stones as in Saqsayhuaman, Huanucopampa), bridges ( qeswachaka) , road ( inca trails from Colombia, across Ecuador, Peru, Boliva, Argentina ), Magestic palace ( Koricancha), Medicine plants , brain surgery ( Tumi ) , Astromony ( Nazca Lines , Temple of the Sun), Accounting ( Quipus) , Social organization, Army and war strategy ( mainly negociation instead of brutal war), Territory Distribution ( Tahuantinsuyo) , etc.
Part 2 -> Moche AKA Mochica pre-inca pottery ( Huacos), Textiles in Paracas ( Fabrics ) , Used of natural dying (red, , brown, yellow, blue, white, black, light green, green, clothing ( chullo, poncho, saddlebag, ), shoes ( ojota inca), music ( quena , zampoña, pututu, drums, antara, ), knowledge of Soltice for Agriculture, Respect for Mother Earth ( Pachamama) . . .
Let's bomb it.
You start your video with your total chemical ignorance and pure bs. Congratulations.
Hey Maiorianus, I love the video's. I have a question that is to do with antiquity but not of antiquity. After the Roman empire split and the western part fell, the eastern part did not quit calling themselves Romans. Today you hear referred to them as Byzantines. But their capitol Constantinopel was already named as such before the east-west split. So what's the history with referring to Romans as Byzantines. Who did it? Why?
I find people's incredulity to ancient accomplishments funny. They were just as smart as we are, had a different relationship to how much time things took to do, and just because we don't know exactly how something was done doesn't mean it is impossible.
@Hshxb Dhehs It's not actually that we "can't" replicate things like the pyramids. It's simply that we are unwilling to devote the resources necessary to create them. It comes down to not having a compelling reason to do such a thing. It is still impressive that the pyramids were created using methods that did not involve the technological advantages that we have developed.
As for smarter? It's been confirmed that the volume of human brains has been steadily decreasing for quite a few centuries, so you may have a point there! 😀
The same people that can't understand roman tech are the ones who can't understand how our simplest household appliances work. Completely flawed logic haha!
right, "before their time" eh?
It's funny and also ironic because it takes an uneducated moron to mock such achievements
The reason I'm a ramaboo is due to my engineering background. The whole nation was God thinking "what if a nation run by engineers existed?"
Ignorance is bold, my dear. Sadly, there are lots of these "bold" people nowadays...
Roman engineering is absolutely amazing. They did borrow architectural aesthetics from the Greeks, directly or via the Etruscans, along with many other aspects of culture, but Roman engineering was largely home-grown, and very impressive!
I find their mastery of concrete
And especially marine applications of specialised underwater concrete - building edifices and docks etc. All home grown - yes concrete as we
Know it Was Born in BEAUTIFUL 😍 ROMA!
Roma Volis
Propit!
Egyptians?
But when we say "borrow," it might be fair to say every Mediterranean culture appropriated the good ideas of others--more out of respect than theft. In litigious, proprietary, possession-obsessed Modernity, it's hard to give up thinking in terms of owning one's ideas, but in Antiquity, credit and possession were less valued as mercantile or "I was first" endeavors than for the prestige of invention and the revered nobility of contributing something eternal to civilization.
Our crassness of patent royalties, investment dividends and sole control by estates for 99 years would sound goofy and puerile to our great -- and magnanimous --ancestors. Such tendencies produce embarrassing chapters in history, like the feud between Newton and Leibniz over the credit for calculus, and the public spat between Salk and Sabin over the first polio vaccine. Or the worst and most dangerous ever--the militarized space race, inextricable from the arms race in the Cold War, a childish competition that nearly ended civilization altogether.
And still could.
@@prototropo
Well said !
They were closer to steam punk nearly dawning on an industrial revolution and pressing forward. Imagine if they had a rail system..
All railroads lead to Rome! 😄
@@kevincrady2831 😄
They had a “paved” road system that was almost as good. The could move, supplies, troops and just about everything by wagon. To all points of the empire. It’s pretty impressive. The Roman engineers were incredible! Cesars engineers built a bridge over the Rhine river in 10 days. Catching the enemy unawares, because they thought it would take much longer. After the returned from that campaign. The dismantled the bridge so it couldn’t be used by their enemies.
There is a video around here explaining that ancient societies did not fully industrialized because they relied on cheaper slave labor and later on serfdom. Modern industry took off where machines allowed to save on more expensive human labor.
No there weren't bro...
Romans understood the fact that investing in infrastructure can help in making their empires stronger..Many people ignore this but they pushed engineering to such an extent that it helped in the subsequent developments in science in 16th-17th century as strong math and science is very necessary for engineering..
Roman water clocks were also very impressive. They were effectively mechanical clocks, just powered by water. I wonder if any were hooked up to viaducts.
Exactly, Greeks and Romans had mechanical clocks before the Chinese
And water organs. I would have liked to hear the music that they played.
@@Jeffrey314159water clocks
Lead contamination in Roman drinking water seems rather unlikely. The Roman plumbing system didn't have taps, so water was constantly running through the pipes. There wasn't water standing in pipes for days or weeks to potentially soak up lead particles. Most of the lead that ends up in the water would be flushed out with the constant water flow and not end with the water that was actually drunk by people.
Considering there was such a massive amount of lead throughout the pipes, it’s plausible that it had psychological affects on the masses who used it from pools and aqueducts.
In a lecture on Greatest Courses, an instructor talked about this. He said the mineral level in the water quickly caked and covered the lead in the pipes so there shouldn't be hardly any levels of lead in the water. This same minerals build up in the aqueducts and had to be routinely removed.
@@ourshelties7649 "there shouldn't be hardly any levels"
?
Do you mean "there should be hardly any levels of lead.. "?
Since "hardly" is restrictive, "shouldn't hardly" is effectively a double negative.
@@robinharwood5044 Lol. .or "There shouldn't hardly of been no levels of no lead" or "Aint hardly no levels no lead in no water" I actually heard a guy say once, in response to his bad smell of gasoline; when asked "what did you do, bathe in gasoline?".. The man answered, "I aint no take no bath no gasoline". Lol oh the levels of ignorance in this country now, it's just sad.
most of the lead poisoning in Rome was due to the lead sugar being added to wine think of Austrians putting antifreeze in wine to make it sweater.
Years ago we had a massive flood which either wiped out or rendered unsafe almost every bridge in the area except one .
My cousin pointed out that bridge was concrete with two arches very similar to a Roman bridge .
Coincidence maybe or superior design .
Each time we got massive floods in the south of France, only roman bridges survive. It work like this for 2000 years.
Still standing roman bridges generally last more than the others for three reasons:
- they are completely compressed structures, while nowadays we massively use bending (so tension)
- rocks and concrete have high resistance to compression
- most of the bridges were over-dimensioned for their purpose
romans knew more then, than we do now. show me one concrete structure that has lasted half as long if you want to prove me otherwise.
The germans tried to blow up a Roman bridge in ww2 & couldn't.
@@vitiatedvagabond9632 we know how to build like that if not better, hell we can just copy them. we just choose to build quick and cheap and with 50 year lifespan in mind roughly.
An industrial revolution in the Roman Empire would have been so cool but by the time we got to our current age we would be like a galactic civilisation and everything would be push forward into the future by like 2000 years. Very interesting alright
I very much doubt that if the Roman’s industrialized they would have developed as quickly as western nations did during the late 18th and 19th century.
@Edo SL maybe with the conquest of parthians,they challenged and make war against china and india
The problem with that is that you assume that technology advancement is a one way road when in reality, there's always a rise and a fall. Even the most burgeioning empires will collapse in fiery ruins at one moment or another, the bigger the empire the bigger the ruins.
Carl Sagan said that if Rome never fell we would have been able by now to travel to the stars
@@AlexS-oj8qf Maybe so. So when is the American Empire collapsing?
These large projects like aqueducts depended on the abilities of their surveyors, which were world-class. This often a vastly underrated aspect of engineering, but it’s not easy to get the accuracy and precision they achieved without modern laser-survey tools. Their hydraulic engineering was incredible, too, they had to calculate not only slope, volumes, flow rates, etc. but head loss along every stretch of their water delivery systems. Then their overshot water mills in series, brilliant. Their technical abilities were simply amazing.
It is my greatest sorrow that I will never be able to experience such architecture and engineering. If it was even half as beautiful as it looks in our recreations it would be a staggeringly amazing thing to behold. To just walk the streets of Rome in that time.. if only for a day. I never am able to rid myself of the thoughts of what would have happened to history had the Roman Empire never fallen. What would it look like today? Would it be better? Worse? Would we have been to the moon centuries earlier? All speculation, but it just thoughts I can't shake.
My bet is that it'd smell like sh*t, and you'd probably get stabbed. Rome wasn't a totally great place to be.
@@KJTB8 well thought out response
Dont worry theres still time to experience quite significant sorrow in comparison to missing an age you literally will not be able to touch to know to miss
all empires fall eventually . But it is sad indeed that so many architectural treasures were destroyed 😐
There’s gonna be a metaverse with your name on it someday
When you said “Roman Nanotechnology,” i almost spit out my drink 😂😂
Roman concrete structures last longer because they didn't use rebar.
Rebar makes concrete structures stronger if maintained.
But if water gets to the rebar, it rusts and then things start to fall apart.
Exactly. 'concrete cancer' as it's often called.
It’s never maintained
Most rebar is rusted before the concrete is even poured. 😂😂
I'm pretty sure that another problem with Roman concrete is that it's _really_ slow to set. It can be useful and strong, but the real problem is more that the time that their concrete takes to set is just too slow for modern construction timelines.
@@Kevin-jb2pv how long did it take before the Hoover dam finished setting?
What about Roman city planning? Like the Cardo and Decumanus, the organization of the city, standardization of city streets, shopping streets, centralization of services around the Forum, but also things like sanitation, apartment building (Insulae) and pedestrian crossings?
the greatest roman invention was the idea of Civitas, a political system able to include and organize all the local tribes and cities and make them work better with a common purpose
It is worth commenting the opinion that "Roman is one step away from Industrial Revolution" from an economic perspective: In the age of slavery, it more profitable to use cheap slave labor to move the mill than to invest in expensive machines.
Investment in capital (machines) is only profitable when the capital to labor cost ratio is very low (when the machines and raw materials are cheap, and labor cost is very high). It is not profitable to spend lots of money in water mills if your competitor uses plenty of cheap labor instead to move it 24/7 nonstop.
Modern industrial revolution originated in Britain because the labor cost was very high, and the coal price was low. At the same time in Japan, because of the population boom, many business discarded water mills and uses human labor instead. Once Britain build factories at massive cost, it is able to produce massive amount of textiles at much lower cost than Japan, but only after large investment in machines.
So in conclusion, the Romans were technologically advanced to proceed to industrial revolution, but the system of slavery prevents it from adopting those technologies.
@Lucas De Araújo Marques As I have illustrated before, 18th century Japan also don't have slavery, but the labor price is still very cheap due to the population boom so the capital to labor cost ratio is still very high, which makes investment in industrialization unprofitable even without the slavery system. The key is how expensive the labor cost is, with respect to the machine cost. (I guess the water mill mentioned in this case is very expensive so require huge investment.)
In addition, another condition for the industrialization is integration into the world economy. 19th century Britain is able to sell manufactured cloth to America, India and China, all of which are huge markets. Therefore, exports would make a lot of money for Britain. Even if Rome get industrial, the limited global trade in that time would made it impossible to make much profit from it, simply because there are no large markets for its products.
We could even argue that the industrial revolution was the beginning of the end. Eventhough it brought us a lot of comfort, the added pollution and influence on the environment is a high price .Maybe the Romans would have developed an very advanced wind & water energy industry. We obviously will never know, but it's fun to imagine these things.
The Romans began to slowly abandon slavery in the 3rd century and serfdom began to develop gradually. The colonat began to develop. This system remained in parts of Dalmatia (formerly a Roman province) until the 1920s .... even the land remained divided in the Roman way, the so-called Centuriation (Roman Grid), the remnants of such a division of the country can be seen from aerial photographs from the beginning of the 20th century ...
@@marin8862 The Romans did not abandon slavery in the 3rd century. Slowly or otherwise.
@@spiritualanarchist8162 the transition from slavery to feudalism began in late antiquity. it was a natural process that ended in Europe sometime in the 14th-15th centuries. There were a significant number of slaves only in Italy and the rest of the empire was almost non-existent.
Slavery in Italy was the result of endless wars during the republican era.Peasant landowners were drafted into the army and took part in wars for several years, and their families accumulated debts, which in turn meant that the rich Romans confiscated their land in the name of debt.
In this way, over the centuries, large estates of agricultural land were created in Italy on which no one had to work. At the same time, after each war, the Roman state had a large number of POW and high costs of military campaigning, the solution imposed itself.
As the war conquests were absent, as well as the influx of prisoners of war, the rich began to offer their land to ordinary Romans for cultivation, with some giving of the goods they produced. And that was the beginning of European feudalism.
Slave labor was very inefficient and expensive, most of the Roman infrastructure was built by the Roman army. When there were no wars, the Roman army built infrastructure, cultivated land or produced weapons. At that time there was no laziness in military camps, like today.
They weren't ahead of their time, but rather we are behind what could have been ours.
In the case of Roman concrete, it was an act of genius mixed with blind luck.
The Romans found themselves on top of stores of the volcanic ash. An individual or collection of individuals figured out how the ash would go well in mortar.
The genius was what Roman engineers used it for.
I think there is a lot of genius in try and error and also in recongnizing the advantages of new tryouts.
how did they make this concrete in the East, such as when they built Caesarea?
Hohooo! Blind luck because something happened and the romans used it!
I can feel your seething, moshe.
@@Kreuzrippengewoelbe Oy vey such antisemitism!
-It's not like the Romans noticed how annoying it was trying to clean away volcanic ash using water.-
@@Oliver-tb7ry Sometimes try and error is your best choice, even today. A friend of mine studies chemestry (doing her phd right now) and for her degree thesis she spend most of her time in the labratory, testing different materials as catalysts for a certain reaction under different conditions of temperature and pressure. Can be mindnumbing work but sometimes you get lucky and the work pays off.
The glory that was Rome.
Il più grande e glorioso impero della storia, Roma ha conquistato, dominato, costruito e civilizzato; la grandezza, la potenza e la gloria di Roma è aeterna, Roma invicta et lux mundi 💪💪
I share the zest of this brilliant historian for the Roman civilization. I wonder if he has some published works on the subject.
Great video, thank you very much for your work! Special thanks for including the Pantheon, which is my favourite feat of Roman ingenuity. When you stand inside the building, look up at the massive concrete dome and realize it's been there for something like 1,900 years, it's simply mind-boggling.
What an incredible beautiful video again Maiorianus‼️♓️♏️
and not to forget the Roman law that I was allowed to study for a whole year in my law degree. The Roman influence and culture has never left me. So impressive.
One language and one currency as well as architecture and art.
You can see this today in important buildings such as the Capitol, Wall Street, Palaces of Justice, the parliament building in Berlin, theaters and football stadiums etc etc. Nice to connect the past with the present!!👍
Thanks a lot !
Yes indeed, it is fascinating to think about how strongly ancient roman culture still influences us today. This is a topic certainly worth exploring in a separate video, because the list is so incredibly long :) Thanks for the comment!
@@Maiorianus_Sebastian I look forward to a video on this, the Roman influence on later architecture.
@@Maiorianus_Sebastian It goes down to details almost no one even thinks about anymore. My latin teacher (many years back by now) once asked us if we knew, where the "v" comes from you use, when you check something off. No one knew. Turns out, that Roman teachers and civil servants used to write "videri" on documents they had checked, which means "i have seen". And since people back then were as lazy as people today, they shorted it to just "v", which we use still :-)
You have a new subscriber. I also remember, must have been between 1977-83, when there was a river broke it's banks somewhere in Italy and a torrent ensued. The modern bridge was swept away in the flood, the Roman bridge stood it's ground and survived. That is engineering (my father was a structural and civil engineer and always had a great admiration for the engineering works of the Romans). Also their aquaducts were very carefully calculated to have a drop of something like 2.5cm over .5 of a Roman mile or a mile (sorry can't remember the exact distance off hand). Something they would have problems achieving today even with modern technology.
Thanks so much...The Romans: still taking us to school all these years later
About the possibility of lead poisoning in the water: in ancient times the water usually ran consistently through pipes all day long. In modern times, lead poisoning can be due the water in lead pipes remaining still until someone turns the water on. (That's why they say it's best to let water run for a moment and then use it.) I'm not saying that's 100% fact, but I do see that pop up from time to time when learning about these times.
get a water filter. usually modern pipes would only have lead from solder or from some solder in a hot water system.
also modern pipes are pressurized
11) Fast Food. Up at dawn, kitchens were non existent in most of Roman society and after brief morning ablutions, they headed out to grab food on the fly from the tens of thousands of kiosks and vendors both permanent and movable, some with a few tables for seating, most eaten standing, then a shave haircut as needed, and home to receive visitors as patron or on to other labors, women to have their hair dressed, and on to their daily rounds, business was concluded by 2, on to the baths and food eaten there. Wives and slaves purchased food daily for family libations, afternoon main meals and evening entertainments.
Did you forget to mention the sewer system of Rome, constructed about 500 bce? And still extant today . A very informed programme, thank-you.
It's a good thing stones were massive so they couldn't be recycled, as so many smaller ones were. Again, Love your physical descriptions along with the history. Thanks.
By seeing what remains makes me wonder what technologies were lost.
Really great video! You channel is becoming one of my favorites. You do a superior job at covering the details of the late Roman Empire - something I didn't even know I was interested in until you announced you were making this on your old space channel.
Thank you for another fascinating, informative and entertaining video. You are a credit to the memory of the Roman Empire!
Good video. I never get tired of this fascinating ancient history. Amazing.
Fascinating, and yet calming. Your images are brilliant. I know a lot of work went into this.
Ok, this is my first video watched on this channel. I am definitely subscribing. Great job. Very interesting. If History was taught like this in schools it would be much more interesting to students.
Fascinating - I have never heard of Las Medulas. That really surprised me what went on there.
Great show Maioranus. Bravo !
Metals content in liquid is primarily a function of the chemistry and the residence time. If a liquid is in contact with a liquid for a long time, it will pick up more dissolved metals, especially in an acidic solution, like wine or vinegar, which increases the solubility if the metals. It’s safe to drink wine from a leaded-crystal carafe, for example, if just poured into it, but not if stored in it for a long period of time.
I would love to go back and see some of these things.
Hey, there are still a lot of things to see. Where are you from?
you have such a beautiful channel, thank you for your work
Great content! Different from your usual style, but still great!
awesome and informative, thanks for making this one!
Thank you for such a great video!
I've always wondered if, assuming it's true, that flexible glass might be some sort of synthetic plastic or rubber. Perhaps it was called glass because it was the closest thing to which they could correlate.
Maybe but rubber comes from an American plant. I'm more inclined to a form of plastic
@@zoompt-lm5xw True, but by "rubber" I was referring more to its physical properties than its source materials.
I saw that there was a scientific paper published indicating a glass with flexible properties would have been possible with the techniques and materials available at the time.
I may be a Roman fanboy but I’m inclined to think it’s possible, all the stories about it agree that it was one person who made it so it’s not really likely we would have any physical remains like with mass produced items like clay containers.
The Romans were known for their glass of course, it was exported as far as China, and if they could make glass that glows different colors using nanoparticles like the Lycurgus Cup, well a glass that is somewhat flexible also seems to be within the realm of possibility.
@@zoompt-lm5xw Rubber comes from Africa and India and some parts of America. It’s entirely possible they had a form of rubber since they knew of Africa and India and traded with people from these places
My opinion is there are two main differences between roman "concrete" and modern ones:
- they used lime, as we use cement. Lime never really dries and so remains (a little) flexible, as cement dries harder and becomes brittle.
- Romans didn't use steel bars in their concrete. Steel will rust and thus expand, which in turn will break the hard concrete.
Great video, thanks!
if you have ever mixed pancake batter you will notice some bits don't mix with the water, this concept applied to roman concrete would be a feature not a bug. were something to happen and the concrete crack water would infiltrate and mix with the power allowing the structure to "regenerate" that is the current understanding. I would also assume they just used more than they needed to which we don't do because of the cost.
There is no one modern concrete, but a LOT of different ones. For most constructions the cheap and halfway decent portlant cement is used, but there are FAR superior modern variants. They just cost a lot more, but would easily hold up to roman concrete.
Just have a look at some military bunkers where cost wasn't the driving factor.
Another incredible video ! Bravo again !👍
I feel like if the empire never fell, architecture today would be much better and more appeasing
The dislikes are from the Gauls.
Excellent documentary 👏👏👏
Thank you for such an interesting, educational and informative experience. Your manner of presentation is also very calming yet engaging. Please keep the videos coming. ❤️👏🏻❤️
As always a beautiful video, thank you Maiorianus
My I recommend a book I have read IF ROME HADN'T FALLEN by TIMOTHY VENNING, I think it would give you a lot of ideas for videos on what if you are planning for the future on this channel.
I’ve read it. Great book
Thor cheers and bellows "I KNOW HIM. HE'S A FRIEND FROM WOORRK!"
I know him, he's written and published books of essays on alternative outcomes of Roman history (Republic, Pan-Mediterranean Empire, and Byzantine).
He goes on the alternative history forum Sea Lion Press.
Alexander Rooksmoor has written and published a book called "Byzantium Express", witherin the Byzantines win the Battle of Manzikert 1071.
In 1996 I drove around Europe: France, Spain, Italy, Austria, Hungary, Switzerland, and Britain. IMO the best Roman engineered "ruins" were in Spain, but the best social "ruins" were Pompeii & Herculaneum. Rome is a plundered wasteland, barring the Pantheon, which is awesome, impressive, and now Catholic, LOL.
Lol, the Catholic Church is perhaps the worlds most prolific thief of physical property and intellectual "property"
Most of the holidays blatantly steal from civilizations that the Catholics would call heathens.
Fantastic video, well done!
I enjoyed this, well done.
Fun fact, the exit/entry passages in amphitheatres were called "Vomitoriums" in ancient Rome
I reckon they didn’t really have problems with the lead pipes because the water didn’t really “sit” in the pipes. The water was always moving. It didn’t sit in the “tap” until you turn it on like we do. I also think that the pipes were probably coated in calcium over time too. That might be one reason they used natural springs for a water source. They’re usually heavy with minerals, especially calcium. But it’s just a educated guess on my part.
that is so cool , damn... i have always beleived that water should just flow and never stop when it comes to metropolitan pipe systems , but i understand skyscrapers wouldnt be possible
Incredible video. Thanks for making it.
Crazy good video. Love it. Thx
I remember when we started to work on a couple of these projects like it was just yesterday. Good times we had. Good times indeed... 🙂
The roman empire it’s one great civilizacion of humanity
As long as you were no slave!
@@JoseMendoza-jq6pt every civilization of the past had slaves. USA even in modern times
Great video. Thank you so much!
Yesss, please continue touching on these seldom talked but constantly mentioned
Roman civilization was truly ahead of its time even too much. The Greatest Civilization of antiquity.
What about ancient Egipt?, they combined technology and real knowledge of spiritual world...
@@dany3356 did egypt contribute to the world? no? you have your answer.
@@parabelluminvicta8380 , dear comrade, the Egyptians were admired by the Greeks, Plato and many other Greeks traveled to learn their philosophy and "mysteries", the library of Alexandria was the largest pole of knowledge in the ancient world, with its papyrus the Greeks and Romans wrote his books, etc, etc.
@@dany3356 Hahha the fact that the library was in Egypt does not mean that it was founded by the Egyptians ... the Alexandrian library was founded and run by the Greeks.both the city and the library were founded and run by the Greeks.
@@marin8862 I know the library was made by the Greek Ptolemaic dynasty, but it was based on previous Egyptian knowledge and libraries, and then evolved.
Imagine that the Egyptians had great cities, temples, and a very advanced culture, when the Europeans lived in huts...
11:24 Totally granted for once.
Roman roads are great for the feet, and when they remained in use, that was _the_ best part of the Medieval road system.
I walked some stretches on the Camino de Santiago, for instance near Astorga or León (Asturicam or Legionem).
11:39 All if it did not fall, it survived in patches.
Subbed👍👍 again a great video
There are a number of civilisations in Europe, the Mediterranean, and Near/Middle East that have shaped humanity in incredible ways: Celtic and Phoenician contributions for instance are often forgotten - but what the Romans and Parthians did with their knowledge was utterly astounding!
Aryan genious
@@uberalles9797 what?
The thing is that we only know about the things that have been preserved through time to this day, either by accident, coincidence or pure luck... Imagine all the things created by the romans of which not a single specimen has survived to this day! Just look at the "computer", an intricate machine with lots of fragile components. For something like that to survive the fall of an empire and hundreds (possible a thousand?) of years seems unlikely... The one we have survived beacuse the ship carrying went under in a storm...
Awesome Video! Glad I found....Thanks,
Love this channel, I've been chain watching these since I found you! Thanks!!
Awesome, thank you!
That water mill complex is the coolest thing I've ever seen! Too Roman knowledge from Toledo in Spain helped sparkle the Renaissance, brought there by the Moors and translated into Latin by the Jews.
the Roman knowledge had not to be translated, as it was already written in Latin or Greek. It was translated not by Jews but by Christians, and translated into Arab - as Arabs neither spoke nor learned Latin or Greek.
@@riccardodececco4404 Yes, first, and in Toledo these Arabic translations were translated back to modern Latin, as Latin writing was advanced during Charlemagne the Great, who invented modern writing style, although he was an analfabet. See " When the Moors Ruled in Europe | Bettany Hughes | When The Muslims Ruled in Europe".
@@riccardodececco4404 By the way, I think the modern writing style invented by the Carolingians was rediscovered at the Renascence, as they during the Dark Ages even forgot this invention during the small pre-Renascence of Charlemagne. So it seems like people forgot about everything during the Dark Ages.
@@bioliv1 I guess you simply have no idea - maybe you should do some research on medieval literature, art, crafts and technology. The medieval cathedrals do not have to shy away from ANY comparison with Roman or Greek architecture
@@riccardodececco4404 I don't need to, as I've seen all episodes of Waldemar Januszczak's documentaries of the Dark Ages. And I see the late Medieval market towns as some of the best urbanism that has ever been, free of feudalism and the citizens managing their own affairs, probably to a larger degree than Roman towns.
#5) Domes: additionally the Hagia Sophia was built in 535 and would remain in Roman hands until 1453 when Turks adopted it into a mosque.
Thanks, this video is marvelous
Impressive. Thank you for this video.
The romans knew very well that lad is poisoned. They also knew that the lime in the water sealed the pipes very fast so that there was no poisoning for the user.
But yet they put lead in their wine to make it taste sweeter.
Not sure if they knew how poisonous it really is.
I only found your channel today, subscribed and joined (sadly, I can only afford the lowest-cost level right now). It’s a wonderful channel!
Thanks so much for your extremely kind words Kimberly :) They really motivate me a lot! And no worry about joining the Tribunus level, because your support itself means the world to me, and tells me that I should continue making videos on Roman history. I am so glad that you liked the videos on this channel, and hopefully you will also enjoy my future uploads :)
Very interesting well researched and presented subject.
Amazing. Fascinating. Relevant.
Another great video Dominus.
I hope you cover the roads and aqueducts after the fall of the West🤔
I know a few roads were repaired such as in Italy by the Ostrogoths but I was under the impression that they began to degrade quickly with no Imperial Government overseeing them. Also could you cover the naval changes with the fall of the West? Roman naval dominance hadn’t been challenged until the Vandals and new pirates rose in the West. The Eastern Roman navies suffered massive defeats first to the Vandals/traitors or the Arabs when they tried their hand at the Seas.👌
Salve Amicus !
Thanks and you make some really good video topic suggestions. Excellent stuff, I have noted it down immediately to the insanely long list of future video topics :)
@@Maiorianus_Sebastian gratias amicus. Greatly appreciated🙏
Now make what if Maxentius won at Milvian Bridge.
Really interesting information. Thanks 😉
Well done presenetation. Thanks for sharing.
worth noting that roman concrete was better in SALT water, not just water, and really only after a long period of time. The porous nature of it, allowed salt in as the waves crashed into it, and over time the salt built up and up, adding to the strength.
The presentation to the emperor of an artifact made of "flexible" or, better, plastic glass (i.e. that can be modeled with a tool without breaking, in particular "with a little hammer" tells "Satyricon"; plastic here is used in the original meaning, "something that can be modeled") and the decision of the emperor to to execute the inventor is also described in Satyricon, believed to be written around 60 C.E.; it is therefore much likely that both Satyricon and Plinius refer to the same event.
However, it is also possible that Plinius refers, as the Satyricon explicitely does, a kind of gossip originated in the Imperial court. In fact, Satyricon tells that the emperor asked to the inventor if he was the only one to know the secret of plastic glass and only after confirmation ordered the execution of the inventor. In other words, both Plinius and Satyricon say that there was a single plastic glass artifact ever made and the inventor was promptly executed. They never saw the artifact and when they wrote Tiberius was already dead as well as any other witness of the event.
"Fuit tamen faber qui fecit phialam vitream, quae non frangebatur [...] Postquam negavit, iussit illum Caesar decollari [...] . Satyricon (2, 51)
Thank you for your addition to the flexible glass!
Great video, thank you
And many Italians haven't taken a bath since the fall of Rome.
The extremely tall water wheels where not the same as a small wheel. They did not provide power. They lifted water. Then it would go into an aqua duct or canals
Steam power entertainment was used in the late empire in temples and to attract visitors, in Eastern Roman empire there where applications which lifted the Emperors throne with a music accompanying this effect through birds automatons.
Nicely done.
Great video you have a wonderful voice and your knowledge is accurate some people just make a video and make up stuff as they go along
Mining so extremely that entire mountains collapse is insane.
Yes,there wasn't any ecological organizations back then. And that was for their own good,if we have to extract a conclusion,from the "flexible glass" story 😂
13:41
Commander: miner you see that mountain over there?
Miner: Yes sir.
Commander: I dont want to.
Miner: Yes sir. Ave caesar.
Well done !
This is great. Thank you.
Roman had lots of technology, but like many large empires, it grew stagnant.
I'd like to point out that the high quality of Roman concrete compared to modern concrete has to do with the expense. Modern concrete is cheap. When engineers demand really high quality stuff, they can get stuff of such high quality and durability it would make a Roman engineer cry.
What really makes the Florence Cathedrals' dome truly impressive is the fact that it is a self supporting brick structure. It did not need a wooden scaffolding to support it during its construction.
Thank you for your work
One appreciates the sense of awe in the voice of the narrator. As a builder, I know the stress, dimensions and dynamics of the huge loads that Roman structures withstand. It truly is a source of awe. The politics and societal structure are always equally important to myself, but I'll nobly set those aside for the sake of admiring good engineering and construction.
The Roman socio-economic system had a near limitless pool of labor at its disposal, and the skilled craft labor had a social nexus tied into the political process then and there. The industrial revolution in UK/Europe was contingent on lots of historical events. Labor shortages at various times fueled the socio-economic development of labor-saving tech. It’s definitely possible the machine tech could have been seen as a way to expand wealth in Rome, but wealth in its context then probably didn’t seem that difficult for slave owners or adjacent classes. Perhaps future generations will look back at planned obsolescence, or war tech and think why didn’t they use their scientific knowledge solve x y z problems or live in x y z ways
Money is the reason. If the money source gets corrupted then technology and resources will be used in the dumbest of ways possible to just stay in business. Rome has the same financial system.
@@randomlygeneratedname7171 im not exactly sure what you mean. What do you mean by if "the money source gets corupted"? Do you mean the issuers of money becoming corupted? Like people being corupt because of their role in the economic activity of society is so great?
Or do you mean an economic system has a sort of essence or natural state which is corupted?
I dont think coruption of individuals adjacent to money in Rome caused a non-application of machinery. Nor do I think some natural economic system broke down internally.
Its just that the contingent factors of industrial capitalism are peculiar to that epoch. Rome had its own state of affairs which can be explained in contrast to industrial society.
But each society has its own historical contingent features. Not that there is some universal economic ethos which is right for all time.
@@yawnandjokeoh No, I mean the money it’s self gets corrupted. You’ll see dumbest things like sending jobs 10,000 miles away to then ship goods back to the continent and truck it back all because their fake money is pegged cheaper and to just escape ever rising inflation. All the obseolences built in and constant push for consumption to waste resources is not greed but survival. Money is supposed to be a store of value and exchangeable and limited. simple and fair, today it’s a complicated debt based system as it is now as then it’s actually worse now since we have modern digital ability freedom to press numbers and the same corrupted currencies pegged together around the world.
There are two Pre-Modern Civilizations whose survival would have meant we would be exploring the stars and colonizing other worlds right now: The Roman Empire and Song Dynasty China for both were wealthy, advanced, prosperous, and closing on an industrial revolution when they fell.
U are forgetting the greeks and Muslims (from the islamic golden age)
As a mathematician, it's a well known fact that the romans contributed nothing whatsoever and inherited everything from the greeks (you can nit pick but they're pretty obsolete). I'm sure they did the same in other fields as well. I'm not trying to downplay them but it has to be mentioned.
Excellent video.
Excellent vid.