The Dark Ages of the Cosmos | Crash Course Pods: The Universe #3

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  • Опубликовано: 26 июн 2024
  • Head to policygenius.com/crashcourse to get your free life insurance quotes and see how much you could save.
    In this episode, the universe as we know it starts to come into focus. Dr. Katie Mack teaches John Green about the cosmic dark ages, the possibility of a multiverse, and the connection between the hot, dense early universe and today.
    0:00 - Introduction
    2:09 - CMB & The Cosmic Web
    9:39 - The Possibility of a Multiverse
    14:20 - The Inflaton Field
    20:20 - Viewing Early Galaxies
    24:22- The Surface of Last Scattering
    30:35 - The Dark Ages of the Cosmos
    34:25 - Dark Matter & Cosmic Dawn
    47:01 - Feeling Awe
    ***
    Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at / crashcourse
    Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
    Leah H., David Fanska, Andrew Woods, DL Singfield, Ken Davidian, Stephen Akuffo, Toni Miles, Steve Segreto, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Laurel Stevens, Burt Humburg, Perry Joyce, Scott Harrison, Mark & Susan Billian, Alan Bridgeman, Breanna Bosso, Matt Curls, Jennifer Killen, Jon Allen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, team dorsey, Bernardo Garza, Trevin Beattie, Eric Koslow, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Jason Rostoker, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, Barrett & Laura Nuzum, Les Aker, William McGraw, Vaso, ClareG, Rizwan Kassim, Constance Urist, Alex Hackman, Pineapples of Solidarity, Katie Dean, Stephen McCandless, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Caleb Weeks
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Комментарии • 120

  • @Jonathan_Wall
    @Jonathan_Wall Месяц назад +165

    I love John casually rating the names of these universe epochs by how poetic they sound. Perfect combination of science and artistry

    • @carmillachoate
      @carmillachoate Месяц назад +14

      The perfect combination of science and artistry is kind of a wonderful explanation of the Green brothers

    • @pacotaco1246
      @pacotaco1246 Месяц назад +1

      i bet his next book will have an even spacier and more poetic name then The Fault in Our Stars

    • @alanho6814
      @alanho6814 29 дней назад

      A great throwback to World History too. He has been rating academic terms for a while now, and I love him for that!

    • @geoffbrom7844
      @geoffbrom7844 21 день назад

      @@carmillachoate ha, I need a book of John and Katie's revised astronomical glossary

  • @SnappyWasHere
    @SnappyWasHere Месяц назад +67

    I love how this is a conversation between a writer and a scientist. Helps me understand instead of getting lost in the lingo. Wonderful series

  • @xela552
    @xela552 Месяц назад +45

    This podcast is honestly something that should be shared in classrooms. Its the best explanation of how the universe formed I've ever heard

  • @acetheenby1475
    @acetheenby1475 Месяц назад +39

    He sounded so close to laughing during the transition to the ad. I love it.

    • @DragoniteSpam
      @DragoniteSpam 21 день назад +1

      "Favorite sponsored ad read" is a weirdly capitalistic thing to say but I think john's existential terror + life insurance might be mine.

  • @MarioJaker
    @MarioJaker Месяц назад +82

    Everything in the whole world is stressful right now. These conversations have been so healing and informative. EDIT: big “we’re here because we’re here” energy from this 🙏

    • @mrpearson1230
      @mrpearson1230 Месяц назад +6

      Books help. Our world information centers (social media, news media, podcasts, etc) operate on controversy.

    • @CliffSedge-nu5fv
      @CliffSedge-nu5fv Месяц назад

      I haven't watched TV, listened to a radio, read a newspaper or magazine, or used any online social media in over 12 years.
      Everything seems fine to me.

  • @lewi_figo
    @lewi_figo Месяц назад +26

    Is it fair to assume that everytime there's a little bit of music it's so John can go and have a lie down?

  • @DominoPivot
    @DominoPivot Месяц назад +23

    I don't know John enough, I don't even know if he plays video games, but I can't help but think he would love Outer Wilds. This image of two people in camping chairs watching the stars makes it hard not to think about that wonderful game.

  • @wosdwde132
    @wosdwde132 Месяц назад +26

    It's the end of the early universe as we know it and John Feels Fine!

  • @debrachambers1304
    @debrachambers1304 Месяц назад +7

    Katie: This thing is big.
    John: AAAAAAAAAAHHHHHHHHHHH!!!

  • @raymanscape
    @raymanscape Месяц назад +14

    "The Surface of Last Scattering" would be a great darkambient CD album title (edit: but so does "The Dark Ages of the Cosmos" 😄 )

  • @juliegolick
    @juliegolick Месяц назад +3

    We need a whole podcast of John ranking the names of cosmic eras. If only he had a podcast where he ranked things on a 5-star scale!

    • @AndrewTBP
      @AndrewTBP 18 дней назад +1

      Like a SciShow Tier List of some kind? 👏

  • @oophyte
    @oophyte Месяц назад +15

    I knew dark matter didn't interact with light, and I knew touch was based on electromagnetism, but I never connected the dots that those two were due to the same reason! In this sense, they are so similar to neutrinos.

    • @TatianaBoshenka
      @TatianaBoshenka Месяц назад +3

      This was a new realization to me too, that you can't touch dark matter or feel it or reach out and move it with your hands. It has mass, but not touch. Wild!

  • @anton99413
    @anton99413 Месяц назад +9

    The freaking Policy Genius ad catches me by surprise every time :).

  • @GregMcNeish
    @GregMcNeish Месяц назад +14

    So, when can we start pre-ordering "The Surface of Last Scattering" by John Green?

  • @chaotic.nyc_vibes
    @chaotic.nyc_vibes Месяц назад +11

    Astrophysics is literally life

    • @pacotaco1246
      @pacotaco1246 Месяц назад +3

      For real! We are literally Astrophysics happening right now!

  • @162manoj
    @162manoj Месяц назад +11

    This came right on time after boarding a bus. Thanks guys!

  • @MakeMoneyWithAI_83
    @MakeMoneyWithAI_83 Месяц назад +6

    It's awe-inspiring to think about the vastness and complexity of the universe, from the hot, dense early stages to the formation of stars and galaxies millions of years later. The interconnectedness and coherence of the cosmic timeline can evoke a sense of wonder and smallness in the face of such immense forces. The ability to understand and visualize these processes, from the first moments to the present day, is both thrilling and overwhelming, prompting questions about free will and determinism. The exploration of the universe's evolution can lead to a deep sense of awe and contemplation.

  • @KidWithoutACamera
    @KidWithoutACamera Месяц назад +4

    This podcast is great! Please youtube... promote this to more people

  • @etienneporras7252
    @etienneporras7252 Месяц назад +5

    14:03 And here you can hear John almost choke on his Awesome Coffee

  • @mrpearson1230
    @mrpearson1230 Месяц назад +9

    Reading Neil Degrasse Tyson's books helps a lot with these concepts for those looking for a better understanding, like "Origins: Revised & Updated, Fourteen Billion Years of Cosmic Evolution", "Astrophysics for People in a Hurry", and "Welcome to the Universe" not to mention Katie's book of course.

    • @adarkerstormishere
      @adarkerstormishere Месяц назад +4

      And if you want to learn from the man who taught Neil (the man whom Neil idolized), please read Carl Sagan's Cosmos. Just as poignant and informative and beautiful today as it was 50 years ago.

    • @kennedypatterson8652
      @kennedypatterson8652 Месяц назад

      There’s also the RUclips channel @HistoryoftheUniverse that does a piece by piece breakdown of all of this including the scientists that discovered each step of the universes formation that’s very good

  • @jonathanbyrdmusic
    @jonathanbyrdmusic Месяц назад +2

    I love how much joy John takes in his sneaky intro to the sponsor.

  • @Campfire_Bandit
    @Campfire_Bandit 21 день назад +2

    This is the kind of content that motivates me to buy my Crash Course Coin every year!

  • @janmelantu7490
    @janmelantu7490 28 дней назад +1

    You’re correct, John. The guy who came up with “inflatons” is Dr. Alan Guth, who is alive, currently an MIT professor, and won the Boston Globe’s award for “Messiest Office in Boston” which is incredible

  • @louisalowry6229
    @louisalowry6229 Месяц назад +2

    So enjoying these podcasts, Katie really is able to explain things in a way that makes sense. I’ve just borrowed her book from the library.

  • @pedrostormrage
    @pedrostormrage Месяц назад +2

    19:23 "And that's why there's life insurance" I can hear the "tee-hee" in that segue 😛

  • @GENERIC_CHANNEL_HANDLE
    @GENERIC_CHANNEL_HANDLE Месяц назад +6

    John really proves that the line "they should have sent a poet" from _Contact_ is absolutely true. I love space stuff on its face, but his enthusiasm and perspective is just astonishingly lovely. I feel more connected to reality as I understand it from the way he's framed so much of these episodes. ❤

  • @hweigel528
    @hweigel528 Месяц назад +2

    I need to know if Dr. Katie Mack has seen the classic video "History of the entire world, i guess". Does it give an accurate depiction of the early universe?
    Loving every episode. Thanks again

  • @acetrainer5564
    @acetrainer5564 Месяц назад

    Something that I really love about this series is how GENUINE both of their love for the subject is. I am so tired of how deeply steeped in irony everything is these days, all media has to quip and look at the camera and wink or crack some joke about how rediculous the subject matter is and that the characters KNOW how rediculous it is. I'm tired of it. I want more works of love made by people who love them. I want genuine real joy, not joy that someone flinches at expressing and twists into ironic enjoyment. Hearing John come back to how beatuiful "the surface of last scattering" is and revel in it's beauty every time is soooooo refreshing. Thank you both.

  • @Finvaara
    @Finvaara Месяц назад +3

    I love this entire podcast, and I love every part of Dr. Mack's explanation's, but I also love dumb stuff like the Advertisement read.

  • @williammiller3317
    @williammiller3317 Месяц назад +1

    Please hurry up and get on with it because this is all I want to listen to

  • @EnjoySunlessDays
    @EnjoySunlessDays 19 дней назад

    I just want to say. This series is absolutely blowing my mind. I feel like I'm having fundamental revelations about my existence and like you said, it's terrifying but exciting!

  • @azkon7975
    @azkon7975 20 дней назад

    One does not learn and study about the Universe and not find it hauntingly beautiful.

  • @jameslaporta8689
    @jameslaporta8689 Месяц назад +1

    This show gives me so much joy.

  • @burrito-town
    @burrito-town Месяц назад +1

    This series is wonderful. I love the talking stars visualization.

  • @clearlyrebecca
    @clearlyrebecca Месяц назад +3

    "I'm gonna not panic," he said, panicking.

  • @DataSoong101
    @DataSoong101 Месяц назад +1

    I love this so much. Need to rewatch the whole series when I can pay closer attention.

  • @tophee7462
    @tophee7462 Месяц назад

    I just wanna say that I absolutely adore this series. It brings me so much joy to hear someone else learn about the things I've been fascinated in my entire life. Thank you John!

  • @d0onut
    @d0onut Месяц назад

    The analogy of the cosmic microwave background to the suns photo sphere blew my mind

  • @TheKaIibak
    @TheKaIibak Месяц назад +2

    Loved the show ❤

  • @neogoo123
    @neogoo123 Месяц назад

    I absolutely love how John is in a constant flux of going from "Oh god oh no" to "Oh that's good" to "OH GOD OH NO" ending with a little "That makes me... I'm a little more comfortable now"

  • @kimcosmos
    @kimcosmos Месяц назад +2

    the cooling that allows compression by gravity is why fridges and aircons have to radiate heat whilst they cool and compress their gas

  • @gibberishname
    @gibberishname Месяц назад +2

    another AMAZING pivot from existential dread to life insurance advertisement. Bravo John.

  • @petdoiseauR.H.
    @petdoiseauR.H. Месяц назад +2

    Merci!

  • @merlinthewizard
    @merlinthewizard Месяц назад +2

    Love this series, thank you!

  • @shawnholbrook7278
    @shawnholbrook7278 Месяц назад +2

    I love this, all of it. Thanks Y'all!.

  • @katelillo1932
    @katelillo1932 Месяц назад +1

    I love this series. It feels like a little indulgent treat I’m having as I do my daily tasks ❤

  • @deathdoor
    @deathdoor Месяц назад +3

    Have a question.
    "We" can see the cosmic background, and we can see the universe "expanding".
    Now image if the expansion stopped, and lets assume that the universe immediately started shrinking, and it shrinks in a speed lower than the speed of light. Would "we" be able to notice the change when looking far? Not only detect that the expansion had stopped, but also would the data reveal that it was reverting back?

    • @Jeewanu216
      @Jeewanu216 Месяц назад

      After some time, maybe a few years, yes. Where expansion has redshifting as an effect, compression would result in blueshifting.

    • @magneticflux-
      @magneticflux- Месяц назад +2

      It would take time for the newly-blue-shifted light to be strong enough to be noticed. The Hubble parameter (the relation between how far away something is to us and how fast it's moving away from us, which is what would be "reversed" in your hypothetical) is ~73 km/s/megaparsec.
      If we waited 4.2 years after the reversal and then carefully observed Proxima Centauri, we would see its radial velocity lower by 180 millimeters per second (90 mm/s from removal of the expansion and another 90 from adding contraction, so we double the Hubble parameter). This is not feasible to measure because its radial velocity as reported in "Proxima's orbit around Alpha Centauri" using data from HARPS, -22.204±0.032 km/s, is so much higher it completely dominates the feeble effects of Hubble's law. Assuming we want to see a -0.032 km/s velocity change (to move it outside the radial velocity error bars for Proxima Centauri) it would need to be 750ly away. In other words, with the telescope used for that particular measurement of Proxima Centauri's radial velocity (the HARPS spectrograph at the ESO 3.6m telescope in Chile) it would be 750 years before light that is blue-shifted enough to detect would arrive.
      However, according to "State of the Field: Extreme Precision Radial Velocities", state-of-the-art telescopes that are continuously focused on a single target can achieve precision down to 1m/s, which would only need to be 24ly away for detection.
      My best guess if the Hubble parameter suddenly reversed is that it would take 50-100 years for us to get lucky with precise enough radial velocity measurements of a star from just before and just after the shift became visible in its light.

  • @wearwolf2500
    @wearwolf2500 Месяц назад +1

    "The only thing that could have happened... happened". I forget the name of it but this feels related to the idea that we can only exist in the universe that we exist in. If things had happened a different way we wouldn't be here to know about it.

    • @AndrewTBP
      @AndrewTBP 19 дней назад

      It’s called the Anthropic Principle

  • @tcuisix
    @tcuisix 20 дней назад

    I think of the big bang as something continuously unfolding even today rather than something that happened once a long time ago

  • @Strange_Nothings
    @Strange_Nothings Месяц назад +2

    Eating left over corn salsa while listening to this and having my mind expanded by cosmic inflation. The universe is good.
    multiverse me: agreed
    multiverse me: here here
    multiverse me: pass the chips
    Me: woah
    Everyone in the dovetail effect experiencing reality at the same time as me: WWWWWWHHHHHHAAAATTTT?

  • @adpirtle
    @adpirtle Месяц назад +4

    I am only here for the killer segues into the sponsor.

  • @Davlavi
    @Davlavi 17 дней назад +1

    Informative as always.

  • @neurosharky
    @neurosharky Месяц назад

    The way the life insurance ad is coming in makes me giggle!

  • @reginat5749
    @reginat5749 Месяц назад +5

    So, can dark matter interact with other dark matter? Could there be dark matter 'planets' ? Obviously I do not understand much here.

    • @Jeewanu216
      @Jeewanu216 Месяц назад +1

      Yup! And it DOES, which is the only reason we even know it's there. It makes galaxies spin faster than they otherwise should. I don't know about planets, but dark stars are a hypothetical object.

    • @oliverniemann2541
      @oliverniemann2541 Месяц назад +4

      It doesn’t interact with the electromagnetic force, so it wouldn’t form a planet. Like the force that makes atoms stay separate, so it forms a clump from gravity pulling it together but not a solid planet type thing. I’m not that well educated on this tho so there’s a possibility that it would form a type of gas giant, but it doesn’t seem like it.

    • @storyls
      @storyls Месяц назад +2

      1. Yes it can.
      2. No, dark matter does not interact with the electric force at all by its definition. Planets are balanced by gravity pulling matter in and matter’s electric force pushing out. Without that push out, each particle of dark matter would dance around each other.

    • @reginat5749
      @reginat5749 Месяц назад

      ​@@Jeewanu216 is that not because it is influenced by gravity and not other dark matter? Sorry for being so ... dense (I apologise, sometimes I cannot resist)

    • @reginat5749
      @reginat5749 Месяц назад

      ​@@oliverniemann2541thank you for answering, this slightly makes my head hurt, though 😊

  • @EmilyB42
    @EmilyB42 29 дней назад

    This is such a lovely series! If I could make a suggestion, I think a gallery of images relating to the discussions (cosmic background, early galexies etc) could really enhance the audio experience. Maybe a link to a webpage include with the video and podcast.

  • @EnergyAnn
    @EnergyAnn 2 дня назад

    This is absolutely fantastic. I've listened to each episode 2x. And Surface of Last Scattering needs to be a Pearl Jam album title. (I mean they did make Dark Matter)

  • @braylorcasual9016
    @braylorcasual9016 Месяц назад +1

    thanks John

  • @gailaltschwager7377
    @gailaltschwager7377 Месяц назад +1

    Thank you!

  • @TheVirtualFashionista
    @TheVirtualFashionista 20 дней назад

    Well. Never thought I'd be crying over astrophysics at 3 am on a random Thursday night, and yet... here we are. Crying over astrophysics at 3am, like a crazy person. Hello existential dread, my old friend.

  • @chezvanessa
    @chezvanessa Месяц назад +1

    Loved the ep! Also, Hozier fans, check in!

  • @thethirdjegs
    @thethirdjegs 26 дней назад

    that was a lot of new things and terms learned and i had never heard before

  • @bn1142
    @bn1142 Месяц назад

    The music here is just beautiful - is there any way to listen to a compilation of the compositions made for this series?! I would listen to that on a loop while marking! Just so lovely 51:16

  • @AMSkaterDad
    @AMSkaterDad Месяц назад

    "Matter is the visible reminder of invisible Dark Matter."

  • @geoffbrom7844
    @geoffbrom7844 21 день назад

    I want John and Katie's Revised Astronomical Glossary! and may I propose Daybreak or Crepuscularity to replace Re-ionisation?

  • @AarreLisakki
    @AarreLisakki 12 дней назад

    a trivial slip of the tounge I wanted to note -- around 41:50 , "just a tiny amount of helium" was prob supposed to be "just a tiny amount of lithium". That same phrase was used in the series before, so it was likely intended here as well, and afaik it wasn't a particularly tiny amount of helium anyhow, about a quarter of total by mass (so since its heavier, 8% of the nuclei).

  • @patrik5123
    @patrik5123 Месяц назад

    The universe made protons, electrons and so on, which eventually turned into us. That's cool and all, but the real mind-blowing bit is this:
    Those protons, electrons etc eventually made at least one type of organism that were able to contemplate the creation of those protons. In a sense, the Universe made a thing able to contemplate itself.

  • @capnkwick4286
    @capnkwick4286 29 дней назад

    I've always understood that the CMB marks the point where the plasma has cooled sufficiently for electrons to be captured by atomic nuclei. It was at that point when light from the plasma was "visible" in the universe.
    Due to redshift that light has now been stretched out to become detectable as microwaves.

  • @sarahleonard7309
    @sarahleonard7309 27 дней назад

    What is really sinking into my brain on this episode is that the existence of the universe as we know it was founded by what could be considered the flaws in the system at the very beginning. It was the asymmetry, the non-uniformity that made matter itself possible in those first precious seconds, and then allowed that matter to arrange itself into atoms and go on to form stars. It feels so... random. But as she talks about it, she makes it clear that once everything got started it follows a logical progression that borders on inevitability. It's this odd combination of disturbing and deeply comforting for me.
    Also, did it strike anyone else that her description of the center of a star was really similar to Dante's description of the heavenly spheres at the end of The Divine Comedy?

  • @JackFoy
    @JackFoy Месяц назад +1

    When Dr. Mack talks about fully modern galaxies within the first two to four hundred million years, what does that mean? Do they have supermassive black holes at their core? Do they contain roughly the modern proportions of heavy elements? Thanks!

    • @Jeewanu216
      @Jeewanu216 Месяц назад

      They would likely have black holes at the centers, yes, however the composition would be more hydrogen and helium.

  • @Beryllahawk
    @Beryllahawk 29 дней назад

    I dunno, this idea of "the only thing that could have happened...happened" - I'm finding great comfort in that.
    Because if the whole dang universe has just HAPPENED.
    That means I'm here through mathematical inevitability.
    And maybe I was always gonna be here, in this time, in this place, in this life. And maybe I was always gonna have a rough childhood and a confusing time as an adult (so far).
    But also. Maybe. Just maybe!
    Maybe that also means that, inevitably...I'm gonna be okay. I'm gonna be able to do all these things I so desperately want to do before I die.
    And maybe, somewhere way in the future where I can't yet see, maybe that person, a year from here and now, ten years from here and now... maybe she's happy. And maybe here-and-now me got her there.

  • @StrayVagabond
    @StrayVagabond Месяц назад +3

    Recombination bad. Should be prime combination

  • @devilseye361
    @devilseye361 Месяц назад +1

    Nice

  • @deathdoor
    @deathdoor Месяц назад

    Oh, just in time for lunch.
    It's really a unique experience, trying to digest food while feeling existentially hopeless.

  • @sukhdevmishra8631
    @sukhdevmishra8631 Месяц назад

    Great 👍

  • @pvtpain66k
    @pvtpain66k 29 дней назад +1

    "it would not annihilate us all. No, no. Anyway, yeah."

  • @BogeyCDogRosey
    @BogeyCDogRosey 16 дней назад

    Do the slightly cooler areas in the CMB indicate that the “lower” energy in those places allowed mass to gather creating the gravitational effects causing the structures wherein we now see galaxy superclusters?

  • @infinite1der
    @infinite1der Месяц назад +2

    So, how many generations are "we" from the "first stars"?

    • @AndrewTBP
      @AndrewTBP 19 дней назад

      At least 3 IIRC

  • @francoislacombe9071
    @francoislacombe9071 Месяц назад +1

    Was there enough lithium made in the Big Bang to make some dust, and that would have helped cool those first gas clouds forming the first generation or stars?

  • @EnergyAnn
    @EnergyAnn 2 дня назад

    Are light and heat synonymous in astrophysics?

  • @ManfredGeorgPhd
    @ManfredGeorgPhd Месяц назад

    How much self friction or friction with regular matter does dark matter experience? (And do we know the mechanism?)
    How intense is the surface of last scattering at these various epochs? Should I be thinking about early stars forming under a perfect green glow? How bright would it be?
    I assume that the matter/antimatter imbalance cannot be due to there just happening to be more matter in the section of space that got inflated to be us (because otherwise I would have heard of that argument). But why do we know that's the case? I know the actual generation of the matter/antimatter was afterwards, but couldn't the imbalance just be a heightened value in a field? Or maybe I'm misunderstanding, since I don't really know what field that would be.

  • @YvonTripper
    @YvonTripper Месяц назад +5

    I have theorized that the National Hockey League is currently expanding at a faster rate than the universe and so will eventually consume all matter and occupy every empty space in existence except Quebec City

  • @KaylaCakes87
    @KaylaCakes87 29 дней назад

    I find this fascinating. But I don't understand how we could know what happened within a trillionth of a second at the beginning of the universe. Maybe my mind is just too blown?

  • @from_fresno2443
    @from_fresno2443 Месяц назад

    🎉🎉🎉

  • @divineculturetalk99.9
    @divineculturetalk99.9 Месяц назад

    Unfortunately we are universal beings ❤❤❤

  • @LA-MJ
    @LA-MJ Месяц назад +1

    Those insurance ads...

  • @aceofdatabase
    @aceofdatabase 29 дней назад +1

    Idk I rather like the word inflaton.

  • @juanitarodriguez8238
    @juanitarodriguez8238 20 дней назад

    I still believe that dark matter is just the space in the upper dimensions that we can't interact with directly due to our position in time
    So basically we do interact with it, we just don't have the "sense", like we have sight/hearing/taste etc, to notice it.
    Some higher beings somewhere probably can and probably already have contact with us, we just can't see them.
    I like to imagine the space between the planets as a huge open field full of mesmerizing landscapes, untouched by man, that are connecting the planets together in 7th dimensional beauty.
    Perhaps what lies beyond a black hole... Is actually a larger part of a reality we couldn't fathom.

  • @ashutoshadh
    @ashutoshadh Месяц назад

    100th

  • @yourbuddyunit
    @yourbuddyunit 21 день назад

    Can we just call it J-dub-street?
    Jay double-u ess tee, is a mouthful and JWST (j-dub-st) sounds like a cool DJ spinnin cosmic records for humans to vibe to.

  • @jamesmorseman3180
    @jamesmorseman3180 Месяц назад +2

    Inflation is a sick name gotta completely disagree

    • @pacotaco1246
      @pacotaco1246 Месяц назад +1

      Inflaton sounds like a particle made of growing

  • @yourbuddyunit
    @yourbuddyunit 21 день назад

    Is EVERYTHING technically inside the sun? If there's no surface of the sun???

  • @love.from.carrie
    @love.from.carrie Месяц назад

    1st. and more than one more earth

  • @braylorcasual9016
    @braylorcasual9016 Месяц назад

    free will is real, but it is limited. free will is established and determined by cause and effect.

  • @matthewmontgomery3693
    @matthewmontgomery3693 20 дней назад

    I'm astonished that tuberculosis hasn't come up yet.

  • @energyideas
    @energyideas 15 дней назад

    Keeps saying the universe cools, to what does it cool, what is taking the heat?