Statistical Significance and p-Values Explained Intuitively

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  • Опубликовано: 21 окт 2020
  • If you’ve ever seen a news story about a scientific study, you’ve probably heard something like “statistically significant results.” More likely than not, what this is referring to is a scientific study that found something like p is less than .05. In this video I’m going to do two things: first, I’m going to explain what it means when someone says that something like “statistically significant result,” then I’ll give you an intuitive explanation of what those p-values are and, finally, if you stick around to the end of this video, I’m going to explain why we use a threshold of .05 and not, say, .04 or .08 or .15 or anything else when determining statistical significance.
    Learn more about who I am and why I'm doing this here: • Data Demystified - Who...
    Video that has more detail randomized experiments: • Video
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Комментарии • 289

  • @smitasingh8764
    @smitasingh8764 3 года назад +136

    This is the best explanation I got so far. I have watched so many videos but I didn't really get the intuition of what this p-value is. You made it all pretty easy to understand!

  • @exploring197
    @exploring197 5 дней назад

    I would love to see the continuation video on "How to calculate P-value?".
    Thanks for your efforts. Keep teaching.

  • @TheReef70
    @TheReef70 2 года назад +1

    Okay so I understood that the bigger the number the weaker the evidence and truer to the null hypothesis. The pace, clarity and preserving the material to basics is SUPER FREAKING supportive of a growth mindset as an adult learner.

  • @maliamercer140
    @maliamercer140 Год назад +2

    So well explained! Thank you for putting out great, simple content that is very intuitive. After watching other videos yours sunk in the best. Nice production quality too. Cheers!

  • @Shanlii
    @Shanlii Год назад +16

    This was the best explanation regarding this topic! Dr. Galak explained it so well in a manner that makes sense and sticks; his intuitive explanation allows me to use this logic and apply it any question on the USMLE step 1 exam regarding this concept. Thank you so much!

  • @danielalexanderyt3232
    @danielalexanderyt3232 2 года назад +3

    Took me 50 minutes to thoroughly go through this video and take notes for my AP psych test. Speaking of it, HOW IS THIS AP PSYCH

  • @rockmamabaker8370
    @rockmamabaker8370 9 месяцев назад +2

    Wow! I love this video! I've been trying to get my head around this for months. Really clear video. Great information. I feel slightly better about the topic- but statistics is hard and it takes a while to stay in my brain! Thank you!

  • @yubuwang8823
    @yubuwang8823 3 года назад +5

    This video is amazing!!!!!! I'm a Chinese student, I do a lot of research about this topic, no one explains this as clear as you are! I will pay to see your lecture!

    • @DataDemystified
      @DataDemystified  3 года назад

      Thank you! No need to pay :). Just tell your friends if they’re also trying to learn!

    • @DHDH_DH
      @DHDH_DH 3 года назад +1

      I am also from China and am currently taking an introductory statistics course in the U.S. No one on RUclips gives a better explanation than you on the significance level and P-value.

    • @jeffgalak9402
      @jeffgalak9402 3 года назад

      @@DHDH_DH thank you!

  • @Mabunt3
    @Mabunt3 Год назад +1

    I scoured the internet and my textbook and this is the best explanation I've come across. Thank you!

  • @zohaibakhter3049
    @zohaibakhter3049 2 года назад +11

    The intuition that you provided in the beginning was exactly the piece I was missing to solve this cryptic p value puzzle! Thank you so much, please never stop teaching.

    • @DataDemystified
      @DataDemystified  2 года назад +3

      Thank you for the incredibly kind comment!

  • @shivapundir7105
    @shivapundir7105 2 года назад +3

    OMG! This was like the best, most intuitive candid explanation ever. After struggling with so many videos, finally this one made sense. Thank you very much Galak sir.

  • @whyisgamora4191
    @whyisgamora4191 2 года назад +2

    OH MY GOD THANK YOU. I've watched soo many videos. My professor never explained that rejecting Null was something desirable in a study & always used abstract definitions. I finally understand it now. Subbed

  • @TheKothay1
    @TheKothay1 2 года назад +2

    Thank you for using the legal analogy to explain null hypothesis. Had been so confused so far. Also much thanks for such a simple explanation of the concepts of significance and P value. Looking fwd to some more videos.

    • @DataDemystified
      @DataDemystified  2 года назад

      I’m glad that this video helped clear things up for you!

  • @akash.deblanq
    @akash.deblanq 2 года назад +1

    This is the only video that made sense to me. Watched like 10 videos about p value and null hypothesis. This one was surprisingly the most intuitive. Thank you so much!!! :)

    • @DataDemystified
      @DataDemystified  2 года назад

      I'm so glad this helped you understand the concept!

  • @prabalbhadoria5398
    @prabalbhadoria5398 2 года назад +2

    Amazing !!! Please ,please, keep uploading more such videos. You have no idea how much they help us !!

    • @DataDemystified
      @DataDemystified  2 года назад

      Thanks! Have a look at the other videos on the channel as there is already quite a bit of similar content.

  • @xxerggher2667
    @xxerggher2667 3 года назад +5

    After watching so many videos on p-values, this is the clearest explanation by far. Liked and subscribed!

    • @DataDemystified
      @DataDemystified  3 года назад +1

      I'm so glad you found it useful! If there are other topics you think could use some intuitive clarification, please let me know!

    • @xxerggher2667
      @xxerggher2667 3 года назад

      @@DataDemystified Thanks for the reply. Maybe some people would appreciate a clear explanation of p-hacking.

  • @AGWalp
    @AGWalp 2 года назад +1

    Ph.D. candidate (second doctorate): Outstanding, sir! The easiest (best) description that I have ever read or watched. I feel more confident in my comments about p and H0. Thank you for not getting into the "weeds!" That is where most of us get lost, and the jargon only makes it worse.

  • @bobby7354
    @bobby7354 2 года назад +1

    This is such a great video & explanation, thank you so much for bringing p-values & any other kind of data into context, it's so helpful!!

  • @triptajaswal8276
    @triptajaswal8276 2 года назад +2

    Thankyou 😭 it is bestest video for understanding p value ... God bless you

  • @bobbiejoohagan2639
    @bobbiejoohagan2639 3 года назад +4

    AGREE! This was SO helpful. And so clearly and simply communicated. Thank you!

  • @HKC6924
    @HKC6924 2 года назад +1

    God sent.. very good explanation.. after a lot of head scratching, I now finally understood the whole idea behind the p values and rejecting the null hypothesis. Thank you 👍

  • @bens1mo637
    @bens1mo637 Месяц назад

    Great explanation! Great, easy-to-understand, and clearly enthusiastic about psychology!

  • @robinvandepoele2117
    @robinvandepoele2117 2 года назад +2

    Hi! Just wanted to thank you for the video and to let you know that it’s so good, it and the video about confidence intervals are part of the obligatory curriculum in med school here in Belgium! Great work and keep it up

  • @martasobralgarcia3996
    @martasobralgarcia3996 3 года назад +1

    This is the best video I ever saw explaining something on statistics! The explanations are great to understand the logic of it.

  • @reuvenmeirherrera9580
    @reuvenmeirherrera9580 7 месяцев назад

    wow. very good at simplifying and explaining this VERY back and forth/ hard to grasp ideas
    ty

  • @al__karita
    @al__karita 3 года назад +3

    Thank you for sharing your knowledge. Keep up the good work.

  • @rootenshi
    @rootenshi 3 года назад +2

    After hours of looking around and searching this topic including in my university book, RUclips videos, and scientific websites..
    I finally understood the Statistical Significance from your explanation! So intuitive and clear. Thank a lot :)
    Also...
    Definitely subscribing to this great channel :D

    • @DataDemystified
      @DataDemystified  3 года назад +1

      I'm so glad you found this useful! If there are other topics in statistics that you find challenging to internalize, let me know. I'm always looking to make content that will actually help people!

    • @rootenshi
      @rootenshi 3 года назад

      @@DataDemystified
      I really appreciate it. You will definitely be the first place I go to for demystifying data :)

  • @robertue1
    @robertue1 2 года назад +1

    Thank you for sharing this video, you made it really easy to understand and digest. Keep up the good work.

  • @jeffreysayed8621
    @jeffreysayed8621 4 месяца назад

    Thanks for your explanation. You clarified the concept in plain English. I saw in another video how in Statistics significance has nothing to do with big and important. Something can be small or unimportant but still be "statistically significant."

  • @douglassilver3606
    @douglassilver3606 4 месяца назад

    This is great information, thank you!

  • @arunavamaulik19
    @arunavamaulik19 2 года назад +1

    I find your videos extremely intuitive and would love to see you make a whole series on probability and statistics. There are quite a few on the internet but not many are intuitive.

    • @DataDemystified
      @DataDemystified  2 года назад +1

      Thank you! Are there any specific topics in probability and statistics you find confusing? It's always nice to know where to focus my efforts.

    • @arunavamaulik19
      @arunavamaulik19 2 года назад

      @@DataDemystified I would love to see a series on Bayesian inference!
      To be honest it could be any topic but a complete mini series would be helpful. Eg: I loved your video 'what's a distribution?', you could follow that up with a few more videos on similar topics. In any case, I hope you continue making these videos! pure gold

    • @jeffgalak9402
      @jeffgalak9402 2 года назад +1

      @@arunavamaulik19 Thank you for the suggestions!

  • @filipzizak8676
    @filipzizak8676 2 года назад +8

    Thank you, well explained! Been having a tough time understanding this

  • @joannameringoff6870
    @joannameringoff6870 3 года назад +4

    Loving this - a little slower talking would be wonderful but can always go back a few seconds and re-listen.

    • @DataDemystified
      @DataDemystified  3 года назад

      Thank you! Yes, I'm working on finding just the right speaking speed. Feedback taken!

  • @tanushreebhuimali2289
    @tanushreebhuimali2289 Год назад

    Thank you making me understand the concept!

  • @wotjake
    @wotjake 2 года назад +2

    THANK YOU! This made so much more sense than other explanations. You Rock!

  • @thekalyangk
    @thekalyangk 2 года назад +1

    What an AMAZING explanation !! Super clear. Thank you !!

  • @glowingmemories
    @glowingmemories 3 года назад +2

    I've watched a few videos on P values/statistical significance and this is the one that made it click. Thanks!

    • @DataDemystified
      @DataDemystified  3 года назад

      Glad I could help you make the concept click!

  • @emmanuelessien9527
    @emmanuelessien9527 7 месяцев назад

    This is the best explanation to statistical significant studies. Even a grade student will understand this. Thanks Dr.

  • @JaneChirwa-db8ij
    @JaneChirwa-db8ij Год назад

    terrific explanation. Thank you.

  • @miriambendayan6530
    @miriambendayan6530 Год назад

    Thank you !!! Very well explained

  • @cleverhype
    @cleverhype 9 месяцев назад

    Omg, this is so much easier to understand in the way you explain it. Thank you!

  • @minhhiennguyen6798
    @minhhiennguyen6798 Год назад

    really well explain video ! Hope to see more content from you

  • @jamessujitmalo3910
    @jamessujitmalo3910 Год назад

    Great job. Thank you. Got a lot of valuable insights from the video.

  • @jbiswajit
    @jbiswajit 3 года назад +1

    Thanks Professor. This was super easy to understand. Please keep posting videos.

  • @jaypalmer2463
    @jaypalmer2463 Год назад

    this was the best explanation I have ever come across - thank you!!!!

  • @SuhasMathavuVasanthsenaGowda
    @SuhasMathavuVasanthsenaGowda Год назад

    Amazingly explained!!!👌

  • @apoorvadk9635
    @apoorvadk9635 2 года назад +1

    Thank you! Kudos for such a simplistic way of presentation!

  • @asma7918
    @asma7918 Год назад

    Finally I understood p value.. Best explanation ..bless you..

  • @aliasgari5152
    @aliasgari5152 2 года назад +1

    After watching 3 videos on p-value got to this one and I'm happy now. Keep doing.

  • @timhowell6929
    @timhowell6929 11 месяцев назад

    Very nice explanation, thank you!

  • @xDAZZE
    @xDAZZE 3 года назад +1

    You are so amazing. This made it super clear. Thank you!

    • @DataDemystified
      @DataDemystified  3 года назад

      Thank you! Do let me know if there are other topics I can help with!

  • @user-ez2zd4ug9m
    @user-ez2zd4ug9m 8 месяцев назад

    Thank you very much for your explanation! I finally understood!! Great Job

  • @festnotfirst
    @festnotfirst Год назад

    This is a very easy to understand explanation, thank you.

  • @franciscogalan8017
    @franciscogalan8017 2 года назад

    Thanks so much. Very useful video!

  • @huyarz61
    @huyarz61 Год назад

    Your explanation is really helpful! I spent about an hour to watch others videos and try to understand what level of significance means, but most of them merely just mention it in a sentence without explanation. I was a bit frustrated until I watched your video !

  • @SethWieder
    @SethWieder 2 года назад +1

    This was super helpful in my early understanding of theoretical statistics and what the null hypothesis means. Thank you!

  • @aleksmusic94
    @aleksmusic94 2 года назад +1

    That was very helpful and clearly put. Thank you so much!

    • @DataDemystified
      @DataDemystified  2 года назад

      I’m really glad you found the video informative!

  • @ankitakamath3120
    @ankitakamath3120 Год назад

    Thank you, your explanation was very effective. I finally understood the essence of p-value from your example. Subscribed! :)

  • @unnatigupta940
    @unnatigupta940 2 года назад +1

    OMG Thank you so much i was having hard time understanding the concept of P-value, but you made it very simple, even the people from non data scientist field can understand it.

  • @yellowsniper1995
    @yellowsniper1995 7 месяцев назад

    Amazing video! Just subscribed! 👍🏽

  • @user-zs8xv1sh6t
    @user-zs8xv1sh6t Год назад

    Thank you for this great example!

  • @mrazafarooq
    @mrazafarooq Год назад

    That is the best explanation so far for statically significant. Please introduce a course for statistics used in science to arrange the data and understand what statistical measures can be taken for the data?

  • @srinivasbringu67
    @srinivasbringu67 2 года назад

    Beautifully Said!

  • @nutrimum2904
    @nutrimum2904 2 года назад +1

    THANK YOU!!!! What a confusion you've dissolved. Wonderfully explained! Thank you :D

  • @ayanamcgrew7736
    @ayanamcgrew7736 25 дней назад

    such a good video, thank you for you help!!!

  • @vupham7361
    @vupham7361 Год назад

    OH MY GOD! This video really helps me understand the meaning of p-values not just some statistical jargon.

  • @venkateshgopalarathnam1933
    @venkateshgopalarathnam1933 Год назад

    Brilliant explanation of intuition behind p-value!

  • @stephenaloia6695
    @stephenaloia6695 3 года назад +1

    Very straightforward - thank you!

  • @jsklair
    @jsklair 3 года назад +6

    Great video as always.
    Can you do similar primer videos on those alternative methods you mentioned ("Confidence intervals", "Bayesian estimates", and "Effect sizes")?

    • @DataDemystified
      @DataDemystified  3 года назад +2

      Absolutely. I already have one on Confidence Intervals (see here: ruclips.net/video/UTHrv7YAzhM/видео.html). I also have one that intuitively explains how to think about Bayes' theorem without really calling it that (see here: ruclips.net/video/9mOq9d-eXxI/видео.html). I have one about Effect Sizes in the queue!

  • @philad2079
    @philad2079 2 года назад

    Great video. It makes a lot of sense.

  • @kateharrow8720
    @kateharrow8720 2 года назад

    This is so well explained!!! Thank you!

  • @jamirie61046
    @jamirie61046 Год назад

    Great information! Just subscribed.

  • @towobolafunmilayo3224
    @towobolafunmilayo3224 Год назад

    Thank you, you real made it better to understand

  • @emmanueldarkwa8311
    @emmanueldarkwa8311 2 года назад +1

    Excellent teachings. Please I need videos on sample size calculations and z score calculation

  • @edangenetfeleke1053
    @edangenetfeleke1053 2 года назад +1

    Really amazing with good and simple example keep it up!!!!!!!!!!

  • @hsrhmij8850
    @hsrhmij8850 3 года назад +1

    Finally, You give me a strong evidence to understand Statistically Significant! Thanks and Keep it up!!❤❤❤

    • @DataDemystified
      @DataDemystified  3 года назад +1

      Glad you found it useful!

    • @hsrhmij8850
      @hsrhmij8850 3 года назад +1

      @@DataDemystified hope we'll learn more and more useful thing like this!!!❤

  • @yvetteelizalde7396
    @yvetteelizalde7396 2 года назад +1

    Great work! Going to share with all my CFA study friends!

    • @DataDemystified
      @DataDemystified  2 года назад

      Glad you found it useful! Just out of curiosity, is CFA: certified financial analyst? I ask because at CMU we have the College of Fine Arts (CFA) which is very different!

  • @wannabeevangelist8481
    @wannabeevangelist8481 2 года назад +1

    I have taken moment to like the video and subscribe to your channel, thank you berry berry much, it feels good to finally understand

  • @marcbeattie4484
    @marcbeattie4484 2 года назад +1

    Such a great definition. Thank you!

  • @user-ws5sl5jg8t
    @user-ws5sl5jg8t Год назад

    Thanks, that's definitely a great video!

  • @AlvinCheong
    @AlvinCheong 3 года назад +1

    These videos are super helpful for me! I'm a mechanical engineer at a large tech company in the Bay Area and this helps me understand my data. Can you discuss Cpk vs. Ppk and all the topics surrounding such?

    • @DataDemystified
      @DataDemystified  3 года назад

      Thanks. Glad you're finding them useful! Cpk vs Ppl is a pretty technical topic. What in particular would you like to understand about it?

  • @Daizyonceagain
    @Daizyonceagain 2 года назад

    This is the first spss lecture I enjoyed watching

  • @Data4DecisionMaking
    @Data4DecisionMaking 4 месяца назад

    Thanks for the great video!

  • @tonynikolaos3527
    @tonynikolaos3527 Год назад +1

    Clear explanation, Indeed! Thank you! An area where I feel a “black box magic” happening, that would hope you can explain clearly is: in random permutation tests, data is shuffled randomly from both groups, some (less then factorial for practical purposes, yet sufficient ) number of times, and the subtracted means result makes a normal disturb plot. Now, we know: garbage in-garbage out. The randomization and permutations is possible “garbage”, over exposed and shafted with the original data from the 2 groups. Now, what I feel is magic, I’m supposed to believe, and come to conclusion for validation or rejection of the Ho, based on that original data, from Groups 1 and 2, when mixed with “garbage” to actually retain some of its qualities(or dilute them if it doesn’t) , through the random shuffled permutations, and if it has retained sufficiently( or diluted sufficiently) show me a P value that will disclose strong or weak tendency toward rejecting or accepting the Ho. So , basically, we use the random permutations, as if, analogizing, as if we could use some substance, and say it has those features, and then we mix it with “all kinds of “garbage tests” and eventually are able to say: see, it kept its features, through all those substantive permutations, must be strong, or, you see, it got diluted so much that lost those features, must be not enough strong, what you saw as feature was random feature case, so we keep the Ho. Something like that? Thanks a million- if you can touch upon this theme!

  • @emilyrosenzweig9946
    @emilyrosenzweig9946 3 года назад +1

    Love the ball and jury analogies!

  • @shantimodel1
    @shantimodel1 6 месяцев назад

    Excellent explanation

  • @aragzan9
    @aragzan9 2 года назад

    Simply amazing explanation

  • @dr.strangelove8846
    @dr.strangelove8846 10 месяцев назад

    Well done ! And thank you

  • @Sluo1947
    @Sluo1947 2 года назад +1

    Awesome explaination. I never understood why want to find evidence against H0, now it's clear.

    • @DataDemystified
      @DataDemystified  2 года назад

      Thanks! I'm so glad this helped you understand the concept better!

  • @v9318
    @v9318 2 года назад +1

    Thank you, I was so stuck on this!

  • @ShazWag
    @ShazWag 2 года назад

    Good explanation. Thank you 👍🏼

  • @zinnijha7556
    @zinnijha7556 2 года назад +1

    Thanks for simplifying for us. I wondered why .05 ...:)

  • @synapticmemoryseepage4447
    @synapticmemoryseepage4447 2 года назад

    Most excellent!!!

  • @hassanrevel
    @hassanrevel 2 года назад +1

    Thanks bro. You are great.

  • @Do_Worrk
    @Do_Worrk 12 дней назад +1

    This is an amazing explaination. Subbed! Can you go into Confidnece Intervals, Bayesian Estimates, and Effect Sizes?

    • @platinum11110
      @platinum11110 11 дней назад

      I discovered the channel today, went to see what other videos there were but saw that it's been a year since his last video 😪

  • @iamafollowerofChrist
    @iamafollowerofChrist Год назад

    YOU SAVED ME! thank uuuuu!!

  • @aniketshad
    @aniketshad Год назад

    What a great video!!!

  • @nadiashareef4500
    @nadiashareef4500 2 года назад +1

    veeeeery helpful thank u sooo much bro

  • @nickiemmy9177
    @nickiemmy9177 2 года назад

    Thank you so much for this!!

  • @sahareeshjabeen
    @sahareeshjabeen 2 года назад +1

    excellent explanation really helped me!