Higher Mental Functions

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  • Опубликовано: 27 янв 2025

Комментарии • 8

  • @justteffy3901
    @justteffy3901 3 года назад

    good afternoon. on the slide at 54:51 by the wernicke's aphasia description what exactly is content? I don't think I understand what it is exactly

    • @louiskroon8290
      @louiskroon8290  3 года назад

      So speech content is the subject and the ideas expressed in it. In other words, they talk a lot - more than 100words / minute, have a lot of paraphasia's, coin their own words, creating new words - also known as a word salad. - but the ideas expressed in the content of their language is empty; it is merely just jargon.

  • @MT-jm1qt
    @MT-jm1qt 3 года назад

    Which ascending tracts are responsible for the sensory input that is supposed to eventually reach the non-dominant hemisphere for spatial cognition?

    • @louiskroon8290
      @louiskroon8290  3 года назад +1

      There are no ascending, or afferent tracts, responsible for spatial recognition. Remember what I mentioned. You have, to have intact afferent fibres, to be able to assess higher functioning. The definition in visuospatial disorders stipulate that an agnosia is a disorder in recognizing sensory stimuli despite having intact sensation. So higher functioning (e.g Visuospatial recognition) should rather be seen as, interpreting centres, for touch, vision, hearing as well as speech, reasoning, emotions, learning and learned motor behaviours. In other words it refers to conscious mental activity, such as thinking, remembering, and reasoning that arise from our lower processing input pathways e.g. spinothalamic tracts.
      An analogy: Seeing a spider, or feeling a spider crawling on your skin is merely afferent input signals arising from your Pacinian corpuscles in the dermis transmitted via the afferent pathways to reach the brain. If you have an associated higher mental activity related to spiders: eg it is a spider crawling on you, a spider is an arachnid, if they bite you, then you will die. You might even have a friend that was bitten by a spider, and they died (these are all higher input functioning governing what a spider is, looks like, feels and consequences of a spider when it bites you) - and then in that instant, you will be tempted to react and slap the spider from your arm. If you a problem in the sensory pathway e.g. peripheral neuropathy where you cannot feel the spider, none of the higher functioning will take place.

  • @eminentkush8527
    @eminentkush8527 3 года назад

    What does it mean to be right brain dominant? Does it mean that the right brain controls language and praxis instead of the left brain?

    • @louiskroon8290
      @louiskroon8290  3 года назад +2

      Yes, is the simple answer to the question. It does become much more complicated esp when we delve into the brain architecture. This has a lot to do with the way in which association fibers cross each other. A lot of people actually have crossed language centers where the language areas are situated in both hemispheres, this typically occurs when you are multilingual. In these cases, the second language typically sits in the non-dominant lobe. So what do you think will happen in these patients when you have a dominant lobe stroke when you have a non-dominant lobe second language center?
      There is also a phenomenon called diaschisis which was first coined more than a 100 years ago by von Monakow. Where gradually over time afferent neurons acquire inputs from numerous sources in the brain as a result of synaptic modification. In other words, the neurons start to act like mirrors to each other. So information that was initially covered by one neuron, can be projected over to another. So when a neuron becomes injured, its information can be projected by its mirror neurons. Therefore, language can, henceforth, have many "back-up" areas in the brain.

  • @lianopperman6401
    @lianopperman6401 3 года назад

    Sorry to ask this question again Dr but I just need clarification on the visuospatial neglect. When the patient is given a clock to draw in the numbers and they stop in the midline at 6 due to the visuospatial neglect.
    1) Are they aware that the numbers 7-11 are missing and they still need to be written somewhere?
    2) If they are aware that the numbers are still missing do they omit them because they believe they are given only half a clock (because they are unaware of the other half) or is it because they get confused and don't know where to put the numbers (i.e. will they try to draw the numbers up the midline or elsewhere?)

    • @louiskroon8290
      @louiskroon8290  3 года назад

      In most cases the patients are completely unware of that side of their visuospatial area. They are definitely NOT confused. To use an analogy: similar to Schrödinger can theory which states that if you place a cat and something that could kill the cat (a radioactive atom) in a box and sealed it, you would not know if the cat was dead or alive until you opened the box, so until the box was opened, the cat was (in a sense) both "dead and alive". This is similar to what a patient with visuospatial neglect have. They are unware of that side of their body, until you make them aware of that side.