Large Intestine Anatomy (Parts, Topography, Layers)

Content:
Introduction 0:00
Small Intestine Overview: 00:32
Caecum: 01:44
Appendix: 03:10
Ascending Colon: 5:33
Transverse Colon: 6:45
Descending Colon: 9:52
Sigmoid Colon: 11:33
Rectum: 12:26
Layers of Large Intestinal Wall: 13:54
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Large Intestine Overview:
- Intestinum Crassum
- Starts at End of Ileum and Ends at Anus
- Length of Large Intestine: 1-1.65 meters Long
- Function:
○ Absorption of water and electrolytes
- Parts:
○ Caecum
○ Appendix
○ Ascending Colon
○ Transverse Colon
○ Descending Colon
○ Sigmoid Colon
○ Rectum
Caecum:
- Topography:
○ Holotopy: Right Inguinal Region
- Size: 6-8 cm long and 7-7,5 cm wide
- Ileal Orifice (ostium ileale)
- Ileocecal Valve
Appendix Veriformis:
- 2-4cm long and 0,5-1cm wide
- Orifice of Veriform Appendix (Ostium Appendicis Veriformis)
- Positions of the Appendix:
○ Caudal Position (40-50%)
○ Medial Position (17-20%)
○ Lateral Position (17-20%)
○ Posterior Position (9-13%)
○ Anterior Position (very rarely)
Appendicitis:
- Inflammation of the appendix
- May cause peritonitis
- McBurney's Point
- T10 Dermatome. Umbilical pain in early stage
Ascending Colon (Colon Ascendens):
- 12-20cm long
- Topography:
○ Holotopy: Right Lateral Region and Right Hypochondriac region
○ Syntopy:
§ Anteriroly: Anterior abdominal wall
§ Laterally: lateral abdominal wall
§ Posteriorly: right kidney, Quadratus Lumborum, Transverse Abdominal Muscle
Transverse Colon (Colon Transversum):
- 30-80cm long
- Topography:
○ Holotopy:
§ Right Colic Flexure (Flexura Coli Dextra) in Right hypochondriac Region
§ Umbillical Region
§ Left Colic Flexure (Flexura Coli Sinistra) in Left Hypochondriac region
○ Skeletopy: L2 - L1 (Left colic flexure higher than right colic flexure since the left colic flexure is helt by phrenocolic ligament)
○ Syntopy: Transverse Mesocolon, Greater Omentum.
Descending Colon (Colon Descendens)
- 15-20 cm long
- Topography:
○ Holotopy: Left Lateral Region, Left Iliac Fossa (fossa iliaca sinistra)
○ Syntopy: Small intestine, left kidney, quadratus lumborum, abdominal wall.
○ Ascending and descending colon: Mesoperitoneal Viscera - partly covered by peritoneum
Sigmoid Colon (Colon Sigmoideum):
- 15-80 cm long
- Left Ilac Fossa to the Sacroiliac Joint (art. Sacroiliaca)
- Continues into rectum
- Helt in position by root of the mesentery (radix mesenterii)
Rectum:
- 15-20cm
- Sigmoid Colon, anteriorly of sacrum
- Sacral Flexure (flexura sacralis)
- Perineal Flexure (Flexura perinealis)
- Rectal Ampulla (ampulla recti)
- Anal Canal (Canalis Analis)
- Anus
Layers of Large Intestinal Wall:
- Tunica Mucosa
○ Simple Columnar Epithelium
○ Goblet Cells
○ Intestinal Crypts
○ Lamina Propria
○ Lamina Muscularis Mucosa
○ Semilunar folds of the colon (plicae semilunares coli)
○ Solitary lymph nodules
○ Aggregated lymph nodules
○ Superior Transverse Fold (plica transversalis recti superior)
○ Middle Transverse Fold (Plica transversalis recti media)
○ Infrior Transverse Fold (Plica transversalis recti inferior)
○ Anal Columns (columnae anales)
○ Anal Sinuses (sinus anales)
- Tela Submucosa
○ Loose connective tissue and blood vessels
○ At anal canal: rectal venous plexuses (hemorrhoidal plexus), hemorrhoidal zone may evolve to hemorrhoids
- Tunica Muscularis
○ Circular muscle fibers
§ Internal anal sphincter
§ External anal sphincter
○ Longitudinal Muscle fibers
§ Bands (tenia coli)
§ Tenia Libera (free tenia)
§ Tenia omentalis (omental tenia)
§ Tenia mesocolica (mesocolic tenia)
○ Haustra of colon / sacculations (haustrae coli)
○ Transverse grooves (sulci transversi)
- Tunica Serosa
○ Intraperitoneal viscera
○ Mesoperitoneal viscera
Sources used in this video:
- Memorix Anatomy 2nd Edition by Hudák Radovan (Author), Kachlík David (Author), Volný Ondřej (Author)
- Biorender
- University notes and lectures

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[@abdullahfarooq882]

the best anatomy videos i have found till now. Easy to understand and precise with all the details

[@nahidali8250]

I was searching a best teacher for anatomy from 1 year now I got the super best teacher for anatomy thank you sir your videos are very helpful for me

[@aribaansari8132]

Watching this video before 5 days of final proff of med colg ...u really did a great work and made it easy and interesting...thank u! 💓

[@asmaasabry1617]

The greatest videos I have ever seen, when you find the details you search.🔥
Thx sir 🙏

[@supriyapatil2300]

Best video i have ever seen on this topic. It's just perfect

[@usmanrehman1626]

only thing is missing is the inervations and the blood supply

[@valentineamani5274]

EXACTLY

[@M7.sy77]

You can find them separately in the channel

[@estheribikunle8275]

I wish I could give you a hug, the video is so detailed and easy to understand, thank you.

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You're the best... Keep it up with this great work. You're a blessing..

[@user-cq7vb7pb3t]

Great videos! Awesome for the revision and organization of the knowledge!

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thank u fr ur work😍 helping us students a lot

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The best anatomy videos…thank you for this

[@kamilaahmed3342]

The video is so detailed...thank you so much
😁

[@milmicat3816]

Fabulous as always!

[@fritac1618]

love the new animations

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helping me alot, thanks for the amazing videos

[@uswamaryum5197]

Thanks sir you helped alot in paper days

[@suleylmaz3190]

Thank you for your hard work sir and it's a king behaviour giving the names of structures in Latin

[@_crazy_footballer]

Sir lecture and animation are superb and you can add more content by telling about arterial supply and nerve supply 🙏🙏

[@inisennn]

Thank you. Great that you add the latin names . I have to learn in latin at my school

[@mariettevanjaarsveld9954]

Hi! Thanks sooo much for your videos and also adding the labels to pictures 😄! Plus the holotopy etc. is super helpful!

[@Nsoorgamer]

thank you so much Doctor ❤
fan From Libya🇱🇾

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Thank you ❤

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[@saharssr249]

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Thanks man

[@dnmk6795]

Great job

[@leonardwashington8830]

Thank you! Thank you! Thank you.👍👍I can't tell you how many videos that I had to go through in order to have the large intestine thoroughly explained to me. Everyone should use your format.🌸🌸💮💮👍💯🧐🎶🎶🎶🎶🎶🎶🎶🎶💩

[@sashakhan6516]

Please upload a videos on blood and lymphatic supply of all organs

[@jeremy194512]

Best videos thankyou!

[@adyano.6507]

beautiful thanks bro

[@user-cq7vb7pb3t]

I have a question:
Is the Sigmoid colon connected to the abdominal wall by the Mesenterium(together with the small intestines) or by the Mesocolon Sigmoideum?

[@abdallahal-dulaimi3105]

Thanx for this video👌🏻, only thing missing is the blood supply🥲

[@BLODSWIPER]

I read that Haustra is made by the enteric nerve system (ENS) and not the Tenia Coli. What's the truth?
Does the ENS create the Haustra by controlling the Tenia Coli?

[@ahnaf_akif_mbbs_bd_ksa]

anatomy is really not appealing until clinical corelation
Thank you very much for your correlated approach ,sir

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Superb

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Thanks

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Thank you!! We're slowly growing 💪🏽😊

[@cansan400]

Hey a quick question.
shouldn't be the ligament at 08:09 be named "Phrenicocolic ligament" instead of Phernocolic ligament?
Thank you

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Thank you! 😊

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Alah razı olsun

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Colon or large intestine ulcers can be seen in ct scan and MRI?

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Perfect

[@-205.5]

Thank u

[@UnknownUser-jo7co]

Sir u dnt mention about enterocyte cells of large intestines commonly called as absorbing cells which bear mircovilli to increase surface area for absorption

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Where can we find written notes of it??

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top top top

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Add blood supply and nervous supply but it's supper

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You marked rectal ampulla wrong

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Thanks a lot