The first two things Greek Philosophers thought about were: Change and Multiplicity. * "Change" - anything that happens. Any occurrence, event, motion, activity. Central question: How does something change from one thing to another? Motion: How does something move from one point to another? Activity: When a wood burns, where does the flame that wasn't before come from? Where does the wood that was before go (turned to ash)? Multiplicity - the observation that there are many different things filling up the world. Central question: What is the relationship between all of these things? After all, some things change into others. So there must be something common to all things, even though they appear different. 11:40 Thales - The first recorded philosopher in Western History. Thales put forth the idea that there is one fundamental stuff which makes up the entire universe: a "world stuff." The view that there's only one stuff that makes up the world came to be called "monism" * Thales' reasoning: If there's one stuff, we can explain how all the different things are related: They are different forms of the same stuff. Change will be one form of that stuff becoming another form of that stuff, and therefore we'll have a common denominator tying everything together. Of course, there's no warrant to his claim that there is only one such stuff. But his approach was of incalculable importance. It is the essence of the scientific approach - the attempt to find unity amid diversity (common denominators) - to enable us to integrate a wealth of disparate observations. Thales was looking for "the one in the many" - the permanent amid the changing. For all sorts of reasons that were understandable in the primitive context of his knowledge, he believed that this stuff was "water." Water takes all three forms of matter (solid, liquid, and gas), if you leave water it turns into air (he didn't know about evaporation), if you dig the earth it turns into water (he didn't know about underground springs of water), and so on. * The importance of Thales is in his question and the category of the answer, not the specific answer. He established a naturalistic approach to the world. He introduced the idea that there are natural laws governing what takes place, and that we can account for all the phenomena that we observe by reference to one logical reality. He also suggested that the precondition of it all was sensory observation.
I came here after reading indian spirituality. What do you think(i am not talking about validity),does India had any systematic philosophy. Like karma would come in metaphysics. Can you say India had philosophy before greeks? And do you have knowledge of any indian philosopher who thought like aristotle.
Maybe you can put Geeta in philosophy category. It has metaphysics(were atma is above all unchangeable,unmovable).I think rest of it has ethics. But i think it has no politics or aesthetics. And you can call shankaracharya and madhavacharya as philosopher. You can call buddha as a philosopher whose philosophy was based on nothingness(not sure) and life is a suffering and then giving 8 fold path which might come under ethics. And maybe you can add chankya for economics and politics(not sure)
I have heard that Shankaracharya debated all around the country,ethics and metaphysics was debatle at that time. Most of the people according to my projection definitely believed in things but there was also a culture of debating. I think India also had atheism(jainism,charvaka). So there were people who didnt simply accepted supernatural.
@@ANKITKUMAR-kc2zw I know precious little about Eastern Philosophy. A few points from what I know. 1. The Greeks also had flourishing civilizations way before Thales. Think of Homer's Iliad, Odyssey, etc. They also had myths and the universe. The distinctive thing about Thales is that he came up with a naturalistic hypothesis. 2. Eastern Philosophy, in my extremely limited exposure to it, seems to be much more mystical than Western Philosophy, which itself has plenty of Mysticism in it. Pythagoreans were influenced by an eastern Orphic religion. I've bookmarked the below playlist for an overview of Indian philosophy. ruclips.net/p/PLg-FQHQ45kyUeekCS4HUpRzqwPof2ZrsG
Yes! Positive you have heard this before and I’m sure it is not simple but is there even a slight possibility to a written form of History of Philosophy Course , Dr Peikoffs Logic Course(!!!!!) , Art of Thinking course , Objectivism through induction etc
I am relying on notes and have timestamped important point on definition part of logics and first 2 to3 lecture on induction. I would buy it if they print it. Maybe there are people whom you can pay to write the whole lecture. I dont know if there is someone who does that. Maybe you can find someone in need of money, trade with them money for writing lecture.
@@ANKITKUMAR-kc2zw I made notes on all the logic course. It is handwritten and therefore not that neat. I started to write notes for this course but then decided not to because I would be doing much reading alongside.
To say that the overriding belief of pre-Greek cultures that life on earth was evil, so simplistic. Just because the Egyptians believed that a later life could be eternal does not imply that they believed this life to be evil. Sort of makes one skeptical of the quality of these lectures, right off the bat.
Isn’t it supposed to be simple because that’s not what the overall course is about? Also, there is very little writing about it other than through the religious stories. Maybe check out a course on ancient myths instead of the history of philosophy if you’re trying to develop an understanding on the beliefs of pre-philosophic societies.
He is talking about the essential, that is not simple. That is the essence of pre-greek cultures and it shows. To understand is to simplify, to think is to think in essentials.
@@DisasterxDesign i am just complaining about the idea that these peoples all believed that life on earth was evil!! There is a tendency for Objectivists to see everything though the lens of what Ayn Rand wrote, and not see the things as they were.
@@roberteigen4499 it is obvious, they were for slavery, they were not for inventions to enjoy life on earth, for flourishing, almost everything they do is in preparation for the after life. They are not freedom loving individuals who practiced reason and insisted to live fully on earth and the best they can. They were a death cult.
good god what a mess - phonetics! phonetical script lead to philosophy. also, having read a little about ancient greek cosmogonies, I can say that line about the greeks believing the universe "always existed" is just flat out false - they had an intricate creation myth. that said, if you regurgitate most of the content in this video there are a lot of people who would nod in recognition... such is "knowledge" these days.
Before Greek or Thale' philosophical arrival, there had been philosophical teaching & discussion at high scale in Persia & India, as it is clearly manifisted from Upanishads. Its West's unprecedented shrewdness to feel themselves greater or some time greatest, whereas West had been in dark ages or tribal and have been Ignorant after Greek fall.
The first two things Greek Philosophers thought about were: Change and Multiplicity.
* "Change" - anything that happens. Any occurrence, event, motion, activity.
Central question: How does something change from one thing to another?
Motion: How does something move from one point to another?
Activity: When a wood burns, where does the flame that wasn't before come from? Where does the wood that was before go (turned to ash)?
Multiplicity - the observation that there are many different things filling up the world.
Central question: What is the relationship between all of these things?
After all, some things change into others. So there must be something common to all things, even though they appear different.
11:40 Thales - The first recorded philosopher in Western History.
Thales put forth the idea that there is one fundamental stuff which makes up the entire universe: a "world stuff."
The view that there's only one stuff that makes up the world came to be called "monism"
* Thales' reasoning:
If there's one stuff, we can explain how all the different things are related: They are different forms of the same stuff.
Change will be one form of that stuff becoming another form of that stuff, and therefore we'll have a common denominator tying everything together.
Of course, there's no warrant to his claim that there is only one such stuff. But his approach was of incalculable importance. It is the essence of the scientific approach - the attempt to find unity amid diversity (common denominators) - to enable us to integrate a wealth of disparate observations.
Thales was looking for "the one in the many" - the permanent amid the changing.
For all sorts of reasons that were understandable in the primitive context of his knowledge, he believed that this stuff was "water."
Water takes all three forms of matter (solid, liquid, and gas), if you leave water it turns into air (he didn't know about evaporation), if you dig the earth it turns into water (he didn't know about underground springs of water), and so on.
* The importance of Thales is in his question and the category of the answer, not the specific answer. He established a naturalistic approach to the world.
He introduced the idea that there are natural laws governing what takes place, and that we can account for all the phenomena that we observe by reference to one logical reality.
He also suggested that the precondition of it all was sensory observation.
I came here after reading indian spirituality. What do you think(i am not talking about validity),does India had any systematic philosophy. Like karma would come in metaphysics. Can you say India had philosophy before greeks? And do you have knowledge of any indian philosopher who thought like aristotle.
Maybe you can put Geeta in philosophy category. It has metaphysics(were atma is above all unchangeable,unmovable).I think rest of it has ethics. But i think it has no politics or aesthetics. And you can call shankaracharya and madhavacharya as philosopher. You can call buddha as a philosopher whose philosophy was based on nothingness(not sure) and life is a suffering and then giving 8 fold path which might come under ethics. And maybe you can add chankya for economics and politics(not sure)
I have heard that Shankaracharya debated all around the country,ethics and metaphysics was debatle at that time. Most of the people according to my projection definitely believed in things but there was also a culture of debating. I think India also had atheism(jainism,charvaka). So there were people who didnt simply accepted supernatural.
@@ANKITKUMAR-kc2zw I know precious little about Eastern Philosophy. A few points from what I know.
1. The Greeks also had flourishing civilizations way before Thales. Think of Homer's Iliad, Odyssey, etc. They also had myths and the universe. The distinctive thing about Thales is that he came up with a naturalistic hypothesis.
2. Eastern Philosophy, in my extremely limited exposure to it, seems to be much more mystical than Western Philosophy, which itself has plenty of Mysticism in it. Pythagoreans were influenced by an eastern Orphic religion.
I've bookmarked the below playlist for an overview of Indian philosophy.
ruclips.net/p/PLg-FQHQ45kyUeekCS4HUpRzqwPof2ZrsG
@@YashArya01Thank you kindly for the recommendation.
To get out from where we are now, we need to know how the hell we got here in the first - so we don't go stumbling back there again!
12:00 😂😂😂
14:55 lol
Thank you so much for this.
Yes! Positive you have heard this before and I’m sure it is not simple but is there even a slight possibility to a written form of History of Philosophy Course , Dr Peikoffs Logic Course(!!!!!) , Art of Thinking course , Objectivism through induction etc
I am relying on notes and have timestamped important point on definition part of logics and first 2 to3 lecture on induction. I would buy it if they print it. Maybe there are people whom you can pay to write the whole lecture. I dont know if there is someone who does that. Maybe you can find someone in need of money, trade with them money for writing lecture.
@@ANKITKUMAR-kc2zw
I made notes on all the logic course. It is handwritten and therefore not that neat.
I started to write notes for this course but then decided not to because I would be doing much reading alongside.
12:03 Thales of Miletus (Only 4 sentences)
The Father of 4 excerpts
8:52
To say that the overriding belief of pre-Greek cultures that life on earth was evil, so simplistic. Just because the Egyptians believed that a later life could be eternal does not imply that they believed this life to be evil. Sort of makes one skeptical of the quality of these lectures, right off the bat.
Isn’t it supposed to be simple because that’s not what the overall course is about? Also, there is very little writing about it other than through the religious stories. Maybe check out a course on ancient myths instead of the history of philosophy if you’re trying to develop an understanding on the beliefs of pre-philosophic societies.
He is talking about the essential, that is not simple. That is the essence of pre-greek cultures and it shows.
To understand is to simplify, to think is to think in essentials.
@@DisasterxDesign i am just complaining about the idea that these peoples all believed that life on earth was evil!! There is a tendency for Objectivists to see everything though the lens of what Ayn Rand wrote, and not see the things as they were.
@@Primassic but to maintain that the Egyptians believed life on earth to be evil shows a lack of knowledge of Egyptian culture. simply wrong.
@@roberteigen4499 it is obvious, they were for slavery, they were not for inventions to enjoy life on earth, for flourishing, almost everything they do is in preparation for the after life. They are not freedom loving individuals who practiced reason and insisted to live fully on earth and the best they can. They were a death cult.
good god what a mess - phonetics! phonetical script lead to philosophy. also, having read a little about ancient greek cosmogonies, I can say that line about the greeks believing the universe "always existed" is just flat out false - they had an intricate creation myth. that said, if you regurgitate most of the content in this video there are a lot of people who would nod in recognition... such is "knowledge" these days.
I checked out when he said that. I am left wondering if I read a completely different Greek creation myth.
Before Greek or Thale' philosophical arrival, there had been philosophical teaching & discussion at high scale in Persia & India, as it is clearly manifisted from Upanishads.
Its West's unprecedented shrewdness to feel themselves greater or some time greatest,
whereas West had been in dark ages or tribal and have been Ignorant after Greek fall.
Why did you all delete all the videos before hand? Kind of suspect.
which videos?