AI voice is a good test, but over all I realized that we all need to feel human, so from now on, I always do a few rounds of rehearsal before recording with my own voice even though it's not perfect.
@@3DLivingStudioI really like the personal endearing human quality of your voice. We’re all imperfect speakers and I appreciate that more and more with AI trying to robotize us.
Been in the harbor tug industry for 24 years now. Our towing Hawser, is a thicker heavier line used for towing something larger than an average sized ship. We rarely use it these days as the strength of your regular working line on the bow and stern winches are able to handle increased loads. Great video! Very accurate with most of the information!
Hawser line? What is the typical diameter of the line and what is the strength versus a normal line? I’m sure the cost is hugely higher than the regular lines.
Me, too. Then again, some tugs are used only in the harbour, so only in a "personal burden emergency" would they be far from a toilet. Reminds me of the late Duke of Edinburgh, as he was getting older, who said "never miss the chance to go to the toilet"
@@OneNiftyBoi Tugs really only has to be heavy, small, powerful and with propellers suited to high thrust at low speeds. All this infers a displacement hull shape, but the reasoning is incomplete. A planing shape might still made to work, but there's no point.
@@OneNiftyBoi The tug has the weird underwater shape to let tons of water access the propellers. Without that shape a tug might sink itself because all water under the stern of the tug is removed.
Hi, i am an ASD tug master. Very interesting and accurate video but I have to point out some inaccuracy in the video. Tugboat shown in the video is an ASD tug. In Harbor operation those kind of tugs NEVER operate by the stern winch as they can capsize as you mentioned. They are designed primarily to operate by the forward winch both for safety and maneuverability. Towing by the stern winch is only used when long towing is carried out in open sea. The tug in the video should have a bollard pull of around 70 Tons and they will never use it to tow a 300+ m Ship in open sea. For such big vessel an AHT with a minimum 200 Tons bollard pull is required for open sea towing. Last but not least, ASD tugboats are Best allround harbour tug as they carry all kind of operation efficiently.
Great video! I worked on tugboats, but a long time ago, when I was young. Then my life was spent on huge container ships. Now I am 60 years old and I dream of returning to tugboats again. In the story about tugs, I would also add that tugs, including port tugs, are equipped with a fire extinguishing system that is capable of extinguishing fires on large ships. I once saw such a fire in the roadstead of the port of Busan.
That was something I noticed as well. I have never seen even the smallest tugboat to not have at least one monitor (thats what the usually but not necessarily remote operated movable water nozzles for firefighting are called). Also I would have wished to see an explanation about another very common propulsion system with tug boats, the Voith-Schneider Propeller that allows the same rate of propulsion in every direction and can smoothly change direction immediately. It looks like rudders on a spinning plate, where the angle of attack for the propeller blades can be shifted in relation to the position on the circular plate (somewhat like the pitch on a helicopter rotor). Although while a VSP is more effective and can react quicker to changes in steering direction, modern Azimuth thrusters (in combination with Kort nozzles) are simply a lot cheaper to build. By the way, in larger applications you may find Diesel electric propulsion instead of a z-drive, where the Diesel engines run a generator and the Pods house an electric motor. But I guess that will mostly be found from a certain size. It sure is how Azipods on modern Cruiseships are build, but those are way bigger. Oh and one Minor flaw on the rendering of the containers on board the ship, both MSC and Evergreen, and I don´t know who else would sure prefer their containers to be not stored upside down ;) The lettering on the containers is upside down.
Tugs have always fascinated me, thanks for providing a glimpse into how they work so efficiently for their size. Keep up the great work, the narration was brilliant.
Great video. This is a very impressive and important boat. The agility and power of the boat is insane. I was supprised at how much power a boat like that can have, I knew they were powerful but having 20k HP is something else hahaha
EXCELLENT video with SUPERB graphics and illustrations alongside accurate description of tugboat functions✅ Your videos can be understood by any 5 yo or older. GREAT WORK‼👍🏽👏🏽👏🏽👏🏽👏🏽👏🏽
I work in a harbour on a part unrelated to the sailings, but have seen tugs on the dry dock for servicing. I've been always wondering why they have such a deep, bowl-like hull. Turns out it's for adding "grip" in (on?) the water. Thanks for the explanation!
This is fabulous. Thank you for such good visuals and explaination.I have been riveted to the Dali story since the bridge disaster ( May 2024) and have been in awe of the tugboats and even the vessels with the cranes... how they maneuver so easily. Now I know how. But I would guess that 90 percent is the talent of the pilot.
Holy CAD, batman! I don't even want to think about how long it took to model all this. Beautiful work! Much prefer your human voice over AI, as well. Keep it up!
It was 1981, my ship, the USS Inchon LPH-12, boiler backfired at the Norfolk pier on our way to Gitmo.. I was in 2nd division at the time and I was volunteered to go TAD aboard a sea going tug. It was a USS Something. Anyways, the 3 day tow from Norfolk to the Philly shipyard made me realize manual labor sucks, 6 years later I earned an Associate Degree in Laser Electro Optics. I lament I got that degree 40 years too soon.
Thank you Lucius for this highly interesting video. I have often wondered how such a little vessel manages to do the work it does. You explained it so well.
So if I get into a girding situation with my 6300hp ship assist tug I just freewheel my winch drum. Acts as the same as cutting the line but no one is in harms way and I can still use my line.
I read a Desmond Bagley book which touched on salvage operations and Lloyd’s Open Form part of insurance. Not sure if true but they used an explosive hawser cutter in case the towed ship sinks threatening to bring the tugboat down with it. These vessels are salvage vessels which are probably bigger than tugboats.
Thank you so much for your videos, I hope that you make more and more videos about the transportation tools like that with all kind, I can spend time everyday to see your videos.
The part about the displacement hull, are they just trying to get the thrust higher than the center of gravity to keep the bow (front) down where a planing hull is doing the opposite?
Great video, even if some of the information was completely wrong. eg 1) Displacement hull vs Planing hull. A a tugboat would never get to a speed where a planing hull we be beneficial, b) The thrust (and by design volume of water) would mean a displacement hull would cause issues with lack of support (buoyancy), C) Simple physics in where the centre of mass needs to be. 2) Large tugboat accommodation, You know it's not always a "rescue" some larger tug boats get a multi day towing contract. If the task is going to take more than a couple of hours they will need a place for people to eat / sleep etc. They will also need multiple crew's, atleast multiple coxwains (to man the helm) and mechanics (to operate the engines) if nothing else
Good explanation. You could also have mentioned why the hawser winches are positioned so far forward on the aft deck as their exact position is fundamental as to how the tug operates and steers. 👍
Great explanation. I am really interested to understand the mechanism of Static Centre Steering Wheel used by Citroen C4 and now the Bugatti Tourbillon. Please make a video regarding that.
- 00:00 🚤 A tugboat is designed for towing, pushing, or maneuvering other ships. - 00:08 💪 Tugboats are compact, highly maneuverable, and have robust towing capabilities. - 00:25 ⚙ Tugboats can tow vessels up to 1,000 times their size due to powerful propulsion and water-displacement hull design. - 00:42 🚢 Conventional tugboats use fixed propulsion systems with tail-shafts connected to propellers. - 00:57 🔄 Modern tugboats with azimuth thrusters can rotate 360 degrees, providing extreme maneuverability. - 01:18 🌀 Z-drive propulsion involves a complex connection of shafts and gears for flexible torque transfer. - 01:59 🔧 Bevel gears allow changing the propulsion direction without interrupting the shaft's spinning. - 02:33 🌬 Pneumatic clutches separate the engine from the drive shaft, allowing the boat to stay still when the engine starts. - 03:07 🌀 Kort nozzles increase efficiency by reducing water swirl around the propeller, providing higher thrust. - 03:53 💨 Average tugboats produce up to 3,400 horsepower, while large ones can produce up to 27,000 horsepower. - 04:21 🚢 Tugboat design includes a wheelhouse with a 360-degree view, towing winches, mechanical arms, and tire fenders. - 04:55 🌊 Tugboats use a water-displacement hull to submerge for effective towing, similar to having a good grip on water. - 06:05 🏋 Strong thrust power and water-displacement hull design enable a tugboat to tow ships 1,000 times its size. - 06:31 🛏 Tugboats have living quarters for the crew, with larger ones offering extra room for long missions. - 07:07 🪢 In towing operations, a hawser connects the tugboat to the larger vessel using a messenger line. - 08:19 ⚠ Ropes under tension on deck are dangerous, with snapback zones marked to avoid injuries. - 08:53 🌪 Strong winds can cause a larger ship to pull the tugboat, risking capsizing; the crew must cut the rope to prevent this.
What about adding a fishing wheel type of device that in the event that mentioned just pressed twin switches or tripples to prevent any failure of any one switch.When such event is passed the said rope can be pulled back to the Tug.
I had always wondered hw powerful are these tugboats and this very nicely explained animated cleared all the doubts. God bless u bro🙏May this Channel keep growing and get millions of subscribers. Love frm a tiny dot in the Pacific Ocean. (Fiji Islands)❤.
Meus Parabéns Lucius, excelente trabalho de animação. Eu já tinha visto um Rebocador desses trabalhando no porto; e sempre tive a curiosidade de saber como era o funcionamento desses barcos. Incrível, como diz o ditado: Tamanho não é documento. Muito bem explicado
There is a reason why we call them waterways & because of their constantly challenging movements of current, wind, waves & displacement yields we can see the need for a water vessel whose sole purpose is to dig deep on behalf of others in times of want, need, efficiency & safety.
Thank you for narrating these videos yourself instead of using AI which everyone seems to be doing these days.
AI voice is a good test, but over all I realized that we all need to feel human, so from now on, I always do a few rounds of rehearsal before recording with my own voice even though it's not perfect.
@@3DLivingStudio You’re doing just fine. Your English is very good and easy to understand. Nice work!
@@3DLivingStudio
I really agree and support you
@@3DLivingStudioI really like the personal endearing human quality of your voice. We’re all imperfect speakers and I appreciate that more and more with AI trying to robotize us.
It would be nice twist if this video was actually created with AI :)
Been in the harbor tug industry for 24 years now. Our towing Hawser, is a thicker heavier line used for towing something larger than an average sized ship. We rarely use it these days as the strength of your regular working line on the bow and stern winches are able to handle increased loads. Great video! Very accurate with most of the information!
Thanks for watching! And it's good to hear from someone who has hands-on experience like you 👏
Hawser line? What is the typical diameter of the line and what is the strength versus a normal line? I’m sure the cost is hugely higher than the regular lines.
@@robertschultz6922TIMM ropes in Europe is much more affordable than the US branded articles.
Have you ever experienced one of these cables snapping? That seems like it could be catastrophic.
😊
“Personal burden” had me in stitches. Thanks for the video
Thanks for watching! And yes, never taken a restroom for granted
Me, too. Then again, some tugs are used only in the harbour, so only in a "personal burden emergency" would they be far from a toilet.
Reminds me of the late Duke of Edinburgh, as he was getting older, who said "never miss the chance to go to the toilet"
My man has mastered English. 😂
It’s over. This man right here Won *The English Language*
*”Personal Burden got a new sub”*
Almost caused me to unload mine!
How about steam-ship tug boat operation?
The info about the water-displacement hull was new to me! Thanks😊
yeah thas a misiinformatioon
@@mvmedved Please clarify?
@@OneNiftyBoi Tugs really only has to be heavy, small, powerful and with propellers suited to high thrust at low speeds. All this infers a displacement hull shape, but the reasoning is incomplete. A planing shape might still made to work, but there's no point.
@@OneNiftyBoi The tug has the weird underwater shape to let tons of water access the propellers. Without that shape a tug might sink itself because all water under the stern of the tug is removed.
@@Kogacarlo Exactly..well said 👏
Hi, i am an ASD tug master. Very interesting and accurate video but I have to point out some inaccuracy in the video. Tugboat shown in the video is an ASD tug. In Harbor operation those kind of tugs NEVER operate by the stern winch as they can capsize as you mentioned. They are designed primarily to operate by the forward winch both for safety and maneuverability. Towing by the stern winch is only used when long towing is carried out in open sea. The tug in the video should have a bollard pull of around 70 Tons and they will never use it to tow a 300+ m Ship in open sea. For such big vessel an AHT with a minimum 200 Tons bollard pull is required for open sea towing. Last but not least, ASD tugboats are Best allround harbour tug as they carry all kind of operation efficiently.
Many thanks for the enlightenment.
Niiice
Im not the only one 3:00Am in the morning watching this.
Nope lol
2:30am for me bruv
4:16 am
I should really sleep at this point, but youtube gotta recommend interesting stuff at the wrong time
@@Tomberculosis-q1i yeahh
Brilliant use of animation as a teaching device. Superb! (former teacher and professor here)
I always wondered as to how a small tugboat hauls huge ships. Your video is so educating.
This channel deserves to have millions of subscribers.
Great video! I worked on tugboats, but a long time ago, when I was young. Then my life was spent on huge container ships. Now I am 60 years old and I dream of returning to tugboats again. In the story about tugs, I would also add that tugs, including port tugs, are equipped with a fire extinguishing system that is capable of extinguishing fires on large ships. I once saw such a fire in the roadstead of the port of Busan.
That was something I noticed as well. I have never seen even the smallest tugboat to not have at least one monitor (thats what the usually but not necessarily remote operated movable water nozzles for firefighting are called).
Also I would have wished to see an explanation about another very common propulsion system with tug boats, the Voith-Schneider Propeller that allows the same rate of propulsion in every direction and can smoothly change direction immediately. It looks like rudders on a spinning plate, where the angle of attack for the propeller blades can be shifted in relation to the position on the circular plate (somewhat like the pitch on a helicopter rotor). Although while a VSP is more effective and can react quicker to changes in steering direction, modern Azimuth thrusters (in combination with Kort nozzles) are simply a lot cheaper to build.
By the way, in larger applications you may find Diesel electric propulsion instead of a z-drive, where the Diesel engines run a generator and the Pods house an electric motor. But I guess that will mostly be found from a certain size. It sure is how Azipods on modern Cruiseships are build, but those are way bigger.
Oh and one Minor flaw on the rendering of the containers on board the ship, both MSC and Evergreen, and I don´t know who else would sure prefer their containers to be not stored upside down ;) The lettering on the containers is upside down.
Yeah. I noticed that too. Evergreen upside down. ...
Very funny. Also as you mentioned all tugboats have good fire fighting equipment on board.
Clear and concise explanation with fantastic graphics. keep up the good work. Thanks.
Much appreciated!
The amount of detail in this video is astonishing
I love the tour of tugboats videos. They're so much bigger on the inside than one might imagine. Like a TARDIS!
Excellent video! Clear animation that matches the clear narration and almost no music. Very well balanced and informative.
Beautifully explained. I got chills when you explained about z drive designs.
Tugboats are the ants of any harbor !! I love tugboats, the'yre tough, bad ass and mad watching them at work. Thank you for the video !!
Tugs have always fascinated me, thanks for providing a glimpse into how they work so efficiently for their size. Keep up the great work, the narration was brilliant.
I love the subtle humor you included, really engaging!
Thank you for simplified explanation. Especially Hull and planning effects.
Great video.
This is a very impressive and important boat.
The agility and power of the boat is insane.
I was supprised at how much power a boat like that can have, I knew they were powerful but having 20k HP is something else hahaha
You're literally giving free education. Thanks for your work.
EXCELLENT video with SUPERB graphics and illustrations alongside accurate description of tugboat functions✅ Your videos can be understood by any 5 yo or older. GREAT WORK‼👍🏽👏🏽👏🏽👏🏽👏🏽👏🏽
I work in a harbour on a part unrelated to the sailings, but have seen tugs on the dry dock for servicing. I've been always wondering why they have such a deep, bowl-like hull. Turns out it's for adding "grip" in (on?) the water.
Thanks for the explanation!
Brilliant explanation...excellent graphics and commentary. I feel I can now captain a tug. Thanks Lucius ! 😄
Excellent presentation! Thank you!
3:50 imagine seeing a boat casually drifting near the harbor lol
Crystal clear explanation. Superb video
Now this is a million dallar question I have been asking myself all my life :) thanks so much for this great video
I am glad it helps
Really love these, your calm way of talking makes it so easy to listen to aswell. Thankyou for these vids !
At 5:43 it seems like the attachment point causing the angle of propulsion is 90 degrees to the rope so obviously it's not going to move.
Another great video - so informative. The animation is excellent. Thanks.
Another thank you for not using a robot voice. Yours is just fine!
Gotta bring back the human side of us, right :))
This is fabulous. Thank you for such good visuals and explaination.I have been riveted to the Dali story since the bridge disaster ( May 2024) and have been in awe of the tugboats and even the vessels with the cranes... how they maneuver so easily. Now I know how. But I would guess that 90 percent is the talent of the pilot.
Holy CAD, batman! I don't even want to think about how long it took to model all this. Beautiful work! Much prefer your human voice over AI, as well. Keep it up!
The background music was simply superb
Very interesting video thanks for making it. Also 4:12 😂 "RUclips cannal"
Combined with the 'Evergreen' labelled container later in the video 😁
It was 1981, my ship, the USS Inchon LPH-12, boiler backfired at the Norfolk pier on our way to Gitmo.. I was in 2nd division at the time and I was volunteered to go TAD aboard a sea going tug. It was a USS Something. Anyways, the 3 day tow from Norfolk to the Philly shipyard made me realize manual labor sucks, 6 years later I earned an Associate Degree in Laser Electro Optics. I lament I got that degree 40 years too soon.
Thank you Lucius for this highly interesting video. I have often wondered how such a little vessel manages to do the work it does. You explained it so well.
@@shaunbrowne5139 I'm glad that the video helped to answer your question
I'm really appreciate you and your teams effort behind this. Please upload more videos related to Oil & Gas Engineering Industry, Thank you Lucious!!
@@chavezhp4044 Thanks! I'm working on it
Very interesting stuff. Who knew? Amazing engineering. Thank you for sharing your knowledge.
I love this video. I learnt something new and very excited all throughout the video. Keep up the good job man♥️
Thank you! Will do!
I wish there could be more vids like this on RUclips, informative and interesting to watch, thanks for taking time make this, subscribed.
This was beautifully explained. Exceptional teaching and visuals.
Knowledge that really adds insight. Thank you for the video sir. 🙏
So if I get into a girding situation with my 6300hp ship assist tug I just freewheel my winch drum. Acts as the same as cutting the line but no one is in harms way and I can still use my line.
Tugboats are my favorites of all ships :p. Nice video
I read a Desmond Bagley book which touched on salvage operations and Lloyd’s Open Form part of insurance. Not sure if true but they used an explosive hawser cutter in case the towed ship sinks threatening to bring the tugboat down with it.
These vessels are salvage vessels which are probably bigger than tugboats.
Thank you so much for your videos, I hope that you make more and more videos about the transportation tools like that with all kind, I can spend time everyday to see your videos.
Thanks for enjoying, I'm working on more videos
Extremely informative to this anxious land lubber who can get terrified on the Manly ferry.
That was super cool. Thanx for the tugboat lesson.
Very nice explanation and graphics. You made it so easy to understand. 🙏🙏
nice one sir,, i know now why tugboat is very powerful.., from Manila Philippines., thanks to share..,, God bless
Who is watching this at 1am?
2:22AM, India.
😂😂😂 literally 12:29
Yes
Bruh, unironically me lmaoo ☠️
😂😂 you got me 1:16 am
Awesome video. So educational. Makes me rethink how I watch RUclips.
The part about the displacement hull, are they just trying to get the thrust higher than the center of gravity to keep the bow (front) down where a planing hull is doing the opposite?
you deserve every view and sub you get man.
awesome video.
Thank you for supporting
I love every second of this video. Thanks for posting!
Glad you enjoyed it!
Excellent demonstration 👍🏻
As a computer Scientist i dont know where to use this knowledge. BTW great explaination.
Great video! Packed with knowledge and the graphics were perfect.
thank you for this video, now i got the general idea how tug boat works
Super enjoyable, thorough video.
Fantasticly informative animations.
This was really well done!!
very impressive Everything was really well thought out. You did amazing graphics. This channel's graphics are very easy to understand.
Does the water displacement created by the tug create a force against the vessel moving forwards?
Very well explained ❤❤❤❤❤
Excellent video, very clearly presented and awesome 3D work! I subbed you!
Learned a lot of new things from your video 🙌
Thank you for creating this amazing video.
Damn, this really was well done and I understood nearly everything! 👍
That was really interesting. Thank you!
Great video, even if some of the information was completely wrong. eg
1) Displacement hull vs Planing hull. A a tugboat would never get to a speed where a planing hull we be beneficial, b) The thrust (and by design volume of water) would mean a displacement hull would cause issues with lack of support (buoyancy), C) Simple physics in where the centre of mass needs to be.
2) Large tugboat accommodation, You know it's not always a "rescue" some larger tug boats get a multi day towing contract. If the task is going to take more than a couple of hours they will need a place for people to eat / sleep etc. They will also need multiple crew's, atleast multiple coxwains (to man the helm) and mechanics (to operate the engines) if nothing else
Good explanation. You could also have mentioned why the hawser winches are positioned so far forward on the aft deck as their exact position is fundamental as to how the tug operates and steers. 👍
What about the tugboats that propel barges on the Mississippi River? Are they similar to these tugboats?
Great video and explanation! Thank you for doing your own voiceover too.
Amazing please keep making these!!
Outstanding animations and explanations - muchos gracias!
Very educational video. Thank you !
Great explanation. I am really interested to understand the mechanism of Static Centre Steering Wheel used by Citroen C4 and now the Bugatti Tourbillon. Please make a video regarding that.
- 00:00 🚤 A tugboat is designed for towing, pushing, or maneuvering other ships.
- 00:08 💪 Tugboats are compact, highly maneuverable, and have robust towing capabilities.
- 00:25 ⚙ Tugboats can tow vessels up to 1,000 times their size due to powerful propulsion and water-displacement hull design.
- 00:42 🚢 Conventional tugboats use fixed propulsion systems with tail-shafts connected to propellers.
- 00:57 🔄 Modern tugboats with azimuth thrusters can rotate 360 degrees, providing extreme maneuverability.
- 01:18 🌀 Z-drive propulsion involves a complex connection of shafts and gears for flexible torque transfer.
- 01:59 🔧 Bevel gears allow changing the propulsion direction without interrupting the shaft's spinning.
- 02:33 🌬 Pneumatic clutches separate the engine from the drive shaft, allowing the boat to stay still when the engine starts.
- 03:07 🌀 Kort nozzles increase efficiency by reducing water swirl around the propeller, providing higher thrust.
- 03:53 💨 Average tugboats produce up to 3,400 horsepower, while large ones can produce up to 27,000 horsepower.
- 04:21 🚢 Tugboat design includes a wheelhouse with a 360-degree view, towing winches, mechanical arms, and tire fenders.
- 04:55 🌊 Tugboats use a water-displacement hull to submerge for effective towing, similar to having a good grip on water.
- 06:05 🏋 Strong thrust power and water-displacement hull design enable a tugboat to tow ships 1,000 times its size.
- 06:31 🛏 Tugboats have living quarters for the crew, with larger ones offering extra room for long missions.
- 07:07 🪢 In towing operations, a hawser connects the tugboat to the larger vessel using a messenger line.
- 08:19 ⚠ Ropes under tension on deck are dangerous, with snapback zones marked to avoid injuries.
- 08:53 🌪 Strong winds can cause a larger ship to pull the tugboat, risking capsizing; the crew must cut the rope to prevent this.
What about adding a fishing wheel type of device that in the event that mentioned just pressed twin switches or tripples to prevent any failure of any one switch.When such event is passed the said rope can be pulled back to the Tug.
I had always wondered hw powerful are these tugboats and this very nicely explained animated cleared all the doubts.
God bless u bro🙏May this Channel keep growing and get millions of subscribers.
Love frm a tiny dot in the Pacific Ocean. (Fiji Islands)❤.
Glad it was helpful!
working of the boat (Main) plus scenarios and even some nuances. Nice presentation. excellent
Fascinating and educational.
Thank you so much 🙏🏽
We ❤ your RUclips channel. 🎉.
Meus Parabéns Lucius, excelente trabalho de animação. Eu já tinha visto um Rebocador desses trabalhando no porto; e sempre tive a curiosidade de saber como era o funcionamento desses barcos. Incrível, como diz o ditado: Tamanho não é documento. Muito bem explicado
Very nice illustration!
@@Walter-lf6in Yes.
Thank you for the detailed explanation
Thanks for great presentation, simple and understandable
Thank you. Learnt something new today
What a truly well made video, with good balance of information for each aspect of the main subject.
Thanks a lot Lucio sir, it's really helpful
This is 10 times better than my neighbor explaining to me how kayak works.
Maybe have a part 2 where you discuss the various push points used by tugs and the physics involved in getting the ship positioned safely.
new info . Thank you!!!
Sailing down the RUclips Canal added to my bucket list
Good job bro ❤❤❤Love you from India.
thanks i learn a lot of things
There is a reason why we call them waterways & because of their constantly challenging movements of current, wind, waves & displacement yields we can see the need for a water vessel whose sole purpose is to dig deep on behalf of others in times of want, need, efficiency & safety.
Great work, thanks so much!
I love this channel