Menstrual Cycle - Part 1
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- Опубликовано: 30 июл 2024
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Menstrual cycle
The cycle lasts 21-35 days on average
The cycle consists of two phases:
• Follicular phase : accounts for most of the variability in the length of the menstrual cycle
• Luteal phase : lasts 14-15 days
The cycle changes with age:
First few years following menarche → irregular menstrual cycles (caused by immaturity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis)
Days 1-14
Ovaries: the follicular phase
---------------------------------------------
1. FSH stimulates the development of several follicles in the ovaries → granulosa cells of follicles produce estrogen → suppresses release of FSH via a negative feedback loop
2. Selection of a dominant follicle (Graafian follicle)
3. High levels of estrogen trigger a positive feedback loop → release of FSH → subsequent LH surge initiates ovulation
Endometrium: desquamation and proliferative phase
• Desquamation (menstruation at days 1-4)
Absence of a pregnancy → resolution of corpus luteum → progesterone concentration decreases → induces vasospasms in the uterine spiral arteries, ischemia, and sloughing off of the functional layer of the endometrium
• Proliferation (days 4-14): growing follicles produce estrogen (granulosa cells express aromatase, which converts androgens to estrogens) → stimulates proliferation of the endometrium
Histology
• Proliferation of endometrial epithelial cells (cells show high mitotic activity)
• Endometrial glands are straight, tubular, and lined by simple columnar epithelium.
• Stromal cells start to divide, enlarge, and accumulate glycogen.
• Uterine spiral arteries start to regenerate and extend two-thirds of the way into the endometrium.
Days 14-28
Ovaries: luteal phase
----------------------------------
• Ovulation: rupture of Graafian follicle → oocyte is released
• Following ovulation, the granulosa cells produce LH receptors → LH-induced transformation of the Graafian follicle into the corpus luteum → produces progesterone → inhibits LH release via a negative feedback loop
Endometrium: secretory phase
• Endometrial differentiation promoted by progesterone → preparation of the functional layer of the endometrium for oocyte implantation
Histology
Increased endometrial gland tortuosity
Glycogen-rich secretions
Edematous stromal cells
Uterine spiral arteries extend the full length of the endometrium.
In the absence of pregnancy → ↓ progesterone levels → induces apoptosis of the functional layer of the endometrium (seen as shrinkage and fragmentation of endometrial cell nuclei) → menstruation
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He is very good! He makes it so clear! Love it. Please make more videos.
You explain things very clearly and succinctly. Well done.
Every student need this type of explanation,,well done sir,,God bless u all for helping us,,
It's my pleasure
Ur way of teaching is awesome😍. my all concept related to menstrual cycle has cleared🙃.thank u so much sirrrr😊
Ur explanation was outstanding sir. Thank u
what a classy explanation and extraordinary methood of teaching.... wow wow wow
it was such a marvelous lecture thank so much
Never understood menstrual cycle sooo welll. Thank you Sir 🙏🏻🙏🏻
me too😀😀
Sir, it's incredible. love it.
Excellent teaching ..
am being addicted to your videos! please make more videos!
Sir,best explanation ever,thank you is a very small word,I can say.
You are most welcome
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You helped me a lot, thank you;)❤❤❤❤
Great video, but your hand writing though 😍😍😍🤗
Good teach sir
Tnx u so much 😘
very good video, thank you
Excellent way of teaching sir...thank you🙏
Keep watching
Thank you for a lecture. 💓
Good to learn here... It makes a proofment
Primordial follicle consists of primary oocyte surrounded by a single layer of flat granulosa cells. There is no theca cells at this level of follicle development. Correct me sir if I am wrong . Thank you.
This is made so simple.God bless you Sir
So nice of you
Thank you so much sir 🙏 ☺ 😊
Primordial follicle actually having primary oocyte with single layer of squamous cells only....
Sir you are the best ❤🙏
Tq so much sir ... I'm clearly understood in this topic....
You're most welcome
Thank you this is so concise and informative!
Glad you enjoyed it!
Dr.G Bhanu Prakash Animated Medical Videos please make more neurology or pharmacology videos if you can! :)
Excellent explanation Sir🙏🙏🙏,With ur help surely I will score 💯% in board exam and Neet🙏🙏🙏💐
Hi
Is it okay to have sex during period?
I can't understand MC , after watching this vdo how Ec is this
It's very helpful Tanq so much sir
Good one sir..is this enough for neet pg? Not criticism genuine doubt...please answer..
Great teaching sirr u cleared my all doubts 😭😭😭 thank you sooooo much sirrr
All the best
I have been suffering from Herpes for the past 5 years,and ever since then i have been taking series of treatment but there was no improvement until i came across testimonies of Dr. Omowo on how he has been curing different people from different diseases all over the world, then i contacted him as well. After our conversation he sent me the medicine which i took according to his instructions. When i was done taking the herbal medicine i went for a medical checkup and to my greatest surprise i was cured from Herpes. My heart is so filled with joy. If you are suffering from Herpes or any other disease you can contact Dr Omola today on WhatsApp him on this Tell.Number +2348100902161
Sir can u plzz tell me i have a doubt can a girl only pregnent in menustral cycle? Or which thing occur first menarche or first ovulation
Ty so much from Egypt
Awsm video sir. IT helps us a lot
Is it okay to have sex during period?
Excellent teaching .thanks
Glad you liked it
Which book you prefer sir?
mind blowing class
Nice sir
thanks for your clear explanations dr
My pleasure
Very nice ...Details well explained..
Thanks a lot 😊
Tq sir very clear information 🙏
So nice of you
I understand of your studing
Great teaching sir
Keep watching
Always
superrbbbbbb.........Thank u sir.....: )
All the best
Super sir tnqqq
Sir particularly which day corpous luteum is formed??? Please tell me Sir 🙏🙏🙏
I have been suffering from Herpes for the past 5 years,and ever since then i have been taking series of treatment but there was no improvement until i came across testimonies of Dr. Omowo on how he has been curing different people from different diseases all over the world, then i contacted him as well. After our conversation he sent me the medicine which i took according to his instructions. When i was done taking the herbal medicine i went for a medical checkup and to my greatest surprise i was cured from Herpes. My heart is so filled with joy. If you are suffering from Herpes or any other disease you can contact Dr Omola today on WhatsApp him on this Tell.Number +2348100902161
Nice explanation but i have one doubt
When LH acts on granulosa cell and produce progesterone and that give positive feedback for FSH.
Then there is chances, that this FSH stimulate other follicles before ovulation
Ovulation is due to LH surge but both LH and FSH are in high amounts before ovulation .
ESTROGEN HAVING BOTH POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
.?.. ???
U r great sir..please upload some videos on normal labour
Will upload soon
Thankyou so much sir..do u conduct online clases sir please let me knw..ur way of teaching is so amazing sir..
Tq sir ❤
Can I get pdf sir
thank u so much
You are most welcome
Sir, please post video on topic Infertility
Much needed
👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻
Nice
Thanks
sir what about 2ndry and 3ry follicles？
Respect++++
💪💪😍
this enough for neet ug ......................
How can I know free days
Very systematically explained with patience. Thank you sir.
This is more than enough 😊I watched this video during my 3Rd year exam of OBS ND GYNE
😊