Teleocrater: The Earliest Relative Of The Dinosaurs
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- Опубликовано: 29 июн 2024
- Teleocrater was one of the early relatives of the dinosaurs and pterosaurs. It was a medium sized predator from the Middle Triassic which looked like a cross between a monitor lizard and a theropod. Teleocrater’s fossils were first found in Tanzania during 1933. However, it wasn’t officially named until 2017. The discovery of Teleocrater led to the recognition of the clade Aphanosauria, which is first group known to have evolved which was more closely related to the dinosaurs (including birds) than to any other living animals.
Link to the paper describing Teleocrater: www.researchgate.net/publicat...
00:00 - Introduction
01:14 - Discovery
02:42 - Anatomy
05:46 - Aphanosauria
07:06 - Evolution
08:21 - Metabolism
08:53 - Feathers
10:03 - Extinction
11:13 - Conclusion
11:47 - Outro
Since this video came out, a new avemetatarsalian has been found which is more basal than aphanosaurs like Teleocrater. Named Mambachiton, in lived in Triassic Madagascar and what little has been found of it suggests it had a similar size and built as the aphanosaurs.
good work
Wow that's awesome. "Omorphs" of any clade are always so interesting because of the precursor & tranisitional being allure
It looks like a crossover through a prosauropode and an early carnivore like herrerasaurus but at the same time having nothing to do with both.Really awesome!
Evolutionary puberty 😹
@@catsantos353 👍👍
Some have argued that herrerasaurus was an ancestor of sauropods.
@@williamjordan5554 but it ate meat tho
@@Carnidoom ancestors of sauropods did too lol
It is incredible how the famous dinosaurs had such humble origins. Humans have humble origins too, but it is really hard to square the hugely successful animals with their mundane ancestors. The animals of prehistory continue to enthrall and entertain.
To be fair, every creature has quite humble origins if you trace their ancestry back far enough.
I'm not a Creationist but I think the Biblical saying "the meek shall inherit the earth" sums up evolution best.
Chilesaurus: *reads the title* "Are you challenging me?!?"
If we're being super technical, the earliest relative of the dinosaurs would be the last common ancestor of all life on Earth...It wouldn't be a close relative, but a relative it would be nonetheless.
Cuántos chilenos viendo este video? Saludos jsjs
I just searched the Chilesaurus. It's from the late Jurassic when the first dinosaurs are from the Triassic
@@grimmoris pensé que era el único xd
Telocrater is basically the closest we have to a quadrupedal, carnivorous dinosaur! Also, nice video!
This is so great. This channel is exceptionally good
I adore Mark Wittons work, beautiful palaeoart. Its really reminds of Charles R Knight's work but with current understanding. Its like he went back in time and started painting, its stunning art. But this guy seems very fox like in ecology, which makes sense, given its apparent adaotability.
Great video! Keep up the great work
Another interesting video about a little known prehistoric animal. Great stuff - love the Triassic period.
I'm always fascinated to learn more of the animals who roamed the Earth before the dinosaurs came about 😊
I only started to follow your channel until recently, yet I think was one of my wisest youtube choices
Keep up the good work mate!
Very interesting. Thank you very much.
Great video as always!
Excellent presentation! Very thorough and well stated! Thanks for expanding my 75 year old brain on yet another fascinating animal from the era of the dinosaur and friends.
@@ValentineTriz No, sorry, I do not know the gentleman. Regards...
Obrigada pelas legendas. Torna possível que eu entenda mesmo sendo de outro país.
very clear description.., i like (again)
thanks for the good work you do
greetings bibia
Great presentation! Really enjoyed it - thanks a lot!
I am glad you liked it!
Thanks for posting this informative video.
Thank you for this amazing video!👍
Loved this! Thank you so much!
Pretty sure genetic clock and some tentative fossils put the emergence of archosaurs in the Permian, also it is pronounced 'avae' mettarsalia , as in bird foot (well, metatarsals anyway :P ).
Another great video 😎
I would like to see a video on Zulmasuchus.
That thing looks literally like the rhedosaurus from the beast from 20,000 fathoms.
It's interesting that many of these reconstructions show Teleocrater and other aphanosaurs as being featherless being that they sit at the base of dinosauromorpha & pterosauromorpha; both which have feathers/filaments. The earlier archosaurs could've had feathers too.
This one was especially inspiring!
super interesting stuff as always
Glad you enjoyed the videos!
Well these guys was so cool and I love it
Also hope yall leave a good day
6:41 that face cracked me up :D
Love getting dino lessons from Bernard
so good
i love your videos✌
Wow so cool I love the Triassic
so great
good show
Metric indicating the good work done by CHimerasuchus, I listen to most paleo videos while doing something else, Chimerasuchus I have to save till I have time to pay attention - thank you very much
Cool
Spondylosoma is from my country 🇧🇷
Aphanosaurs are so fascinating, an obscure group in the already obscure group of non-dino archosaurs.
Thank you 🙏
Interesting
so smart
Literally would feel like an alien planet if you were suddenly teleported there; the Triassic was a trip in terms of bioscape.
so rad
I wonder if it's neck was long for getting into the synapsid burrows. Meaning that dinosaurs have been the biggest ops to small 'mammals' before they were even dinosaurs, and they never stopped being that.
I don't know if it exists or not, but there should be like a family tree styled website, but for the animal kingdom going back all the way before the dinosaurs and stuff.
so fun
Teleocrater misses being the earliest dinosaur relative by more than 3 billion years!
aphanosaurs on their way to be the least diverse group of archosaurs & quickly go extinct after they evolved:
Hmm...looked like something I saw in a Tarzan comic a long time ago. A carnivorous sauropod.
🎶Call all you want, but there's no one home
And you're not gonna reach my Teleocrater (Ok I pronounce it spottily but it sounds cute)
Never do organisms develop specific traits for built-to-order purposes. Features that are used by phenotypes are often "side-effects" of another function. Such is the case with hair/feathers/picnofibers, as they are simply the excretion of keratin protein as a byproduct of high metabolism (ie waste) and not a strategically developed feature that's "designed" to keep them warm at smaller sizes. IE they would not have survived being small if not for the pre-existence of such integument, allowing them to be small.
Did you do something to your mic? I haven't watched a video in a little while but your voice wasn't this nasally. I even just went back to check
5:46/5:56 I wonder why this group hasn't got a namesake genera yet?
Usually clades are named after one of the genera in them, not the other way around. Since there is no "Aphanosaurus", it is doubtful there ever will be.
It also has a somewhat epic name
Can you link the the research papers?
Here is the link to the paper describing Teleocrater. www.researchgate.net/publication/316055576_The_earliest_bird-line_archosaurs_and_the_assembly_of_the_dinosaur_body_plan
@@chimerasuchus I appreciate it. Thank you. Are you not able to link citations in the description anymore?
I can but I hadn't thought to. Future video will have links to sources from now on.
gracilisuchus is a interesting animal because of seeing in a sticker book
Teleocrater walked so dinosaurs could run
Ruhuhu !
Aren’t dinosaurs closest living relatives birds? Or since birds are dinosaurs you’re talking about their closest relatives I guess.
Yes. Because birds are dinosaurs, they are talking about the dinosaurs closest living relatives that aren't dinosaurs themselves. (Since this video is about the earliest members of the group that was ancestral to dinosaurs right after they branched off from other archosaurs, it makes sense to refer to relationships in this manner)
@@adamwu4565 not living
I always thought that Endorthermic meant you like to wear ewok fur underpants
we humans don't know much about ours either
10:41. ! Hold up! What is that?!
The thing looks like across between Salamander and Flying squirrel. ?!
It is a drepanosaur.
@@chimerasuchus
Wait.! What?! 😮They can glide .!?
It is currently only speculated.
couldn't it have been a persistent hunter? sort if like komodo dragons?
9:01 I doubt featherlike structures were an ancestral trait of Ornithodira. Rather, at least three ornithodiran clades (Pterosauria, Coelurosauria and Ceratopsia) independently evolved featherlike structures. It's convergent evolution. Why would so many ornithodirans lose their featherlike structures and revert to scales? Yes, it has happened, but such scales tend to be different from typical non-avian reptilian scales.
You know what featherlike structures being ancestral to Ornithodira would mean? That carnosaurs lost their protofeathers, thyreophorans lost them, pachycephalosaurs lost them, ornithopods lost them. That seems like more convergent evolution than just pterosaurs, coelurosaurs and ceratopsians independently evolving featherlike structures.
Neither was endothermy ancestral to Archosauria. Why would crocodilians become ectotherms? Would would dinosaurs become mesotherms? Ectothermy was ancestral. But Avemartesalia gradually became mesothermic, then endothermic.
If they just randomly lost them that one be one thing. But the dinosaurs found with extensive scale impressions almost always have one thing in common: they were very large. Much like large modern mammals and hair, the thermal insulation provided by feathers would made larger dinosaurs vulnerable to overheating. Unlike mammals, even those dinosaurs that were fluffy (like Kulindadromeus) usually retained scales on portions of their bodies, so scales could easily replace their feathers as they became a liability. It is therefore little surprise that many dinosaurs would independently lost (at least the majority of) their feathers, since they independently obtained large body size. Even the only small dinosaur with extensively preserved scales, Psittacosaurus, still had some feathers on its tail.
Although it came out after this video, a recent study which modeled the thermodynamics of early dinosaurs and other ornithodirans (Mechanistic Thermal Modeling of Late Triassic Terrestrial Amniotes Predicts Biogeographic Distribution), found that they couldn't even survive without the thermal insulation provided by feathers. The only exception were the larger sauropodomorphs, who not only didn't need them, but would have predictably been more vulnerable to overheating if they did have large, feathery coats. Taking all of this into account, feathers are ancestral to Ornithodira.
Also, a lot of the groups you claimed would have needed to lose their feathers, like pachycephalosaurs, don't actually have preserved scale impressions in the first place. Hadrosaurs do have extensive scale impressions, but such evidence is entirely lacking for smaller ornithopods. Meanwhile, the evidence for carnosaurs is ambiguous. Besides unpublished claims of scales found on an young Allosaurus, the only carnosaur found with scales impressions is Concavenator, and they are only on it feet and the underside of it tail, locations that are also scaly on the otherwise primarily fluffy Kulindadromeus. Furthermore, some studies have found the feathered Juravenator and Sciurumimus to be carnosaur chicks.
As for Archosauria, various studies, including analyzing their bone histology to studying their growth rates, have concluded they had high metabolisms. This extends to nearly every group of Triassic archosaurs, including the direct ancestors of crocodilians (who still retained a number of traits connected to a high metabolism). The only exception is the phytosaurs (who might not even be archosaurs). Likewise, the same was true of most other archosauriforms, (phytosaurs being an exception, assuming they are not archosaurs).
Still, I probably misused the term "endotherm". I said it as if there were a strict endotherm/ectotherm divide. "Mesotherm" would more arcuately describe most Triassic archosauriforms.
As for why crocodilians reverted to ectothermy, that is a bit of a mystery. The huge energy costs of a high metabolism would be far exceeded the benefits in their current niche. However, studies of notosuchians (who branched off before the ancestors of crocodilians became aquatic) found their metabolism was already in the ectothermic range, if still higher than their modern relatives.
@@chimerasuchus Crocodilians evolving from mesotherms may explain their 4-chambered hearts. And the reason why is may seem like feathers were a coelurosaur innovation is because they tended to be the smaller theropods. Also, I'm guessing coelurosaurs had the most bird-like feathers. Perhaps the other ornithodirans' "feathers" were really protofeathers. And maybe they didn't preserve as well.
It makes sense that coelurosaur and ceratopsian feathers and protofeathers would preserve well, they have hard quills.
If ornithodirans kept on losing their feathers, why don't you see that more in birds today? Is it because there hasn't been enough time? Or because of the mammals preventing birds from getting bigger and losing their feathers?
@@magentamonster Complex, pennaceous feathers like those seen in birds were only present in coelurosaurs. Other dinosaurs, (including many coelurosaurs) inherited simpler filaments from their common ancestor (although they did not always stay simple). They are sometimes called "proto-feathers" to differentiate them from the pennaceous feathers of birds. However, some of these simpler filaments are the same as the down of bird chicks, which are considered feathers.
Some feathers may have had better preservation potential than others, but the primary problem is that few paleoenvironments were conductive towards preserving evidence of an animal's integument. Among dinosaur bearing rocks, most of those that regularly contain such fossils are Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous formations in China, where coelurosaurs were predominant.
As for why birds have retained their feathers, you are right that it is due to their body size. Among other things, the thermal insulation they offer is incredibly important for endothermic animals. Besides us (who have clothing) and naked mole rats (who have a much lower metabolic rate than other mammals), the only largely hairless mammals are both very big and live in warm environments. No living bird is anywhere near that size. Even so, the largest bird alive today, the ostrich, has less extensive feathers than its smaller relatives.
@@chimerasuchus Are the smaller relatives of the ostrich the other birds or other palaeognaths?
@@magentamonster I was referring to other palaeognaths.
Teleocooties:The earliest relative of John Cena
Who do you think you are ordering me around? I'm not going to "have a great day" to suit your agenda. 🤪
@chimerasuchus crocodilians are not dinosaurs closest living relatives, birds are
Technically birds are dinosaurs.
0:10 hey... I thought birds were the closest living relatives of dinosaurs, more specifically the chicken being closest to T.Rex.. hmm.....
Birds are dinosaurs. Also Tyrannosaurus is not the closest relatives to birds and chickens are no closer to Tyrannosaurus than any other bird is.
crocodiles and dinosaurs are not the closest living cousin dude... birds are, and are infact living dinosaurs
Birds are not the closest relatives of the dinosaurs since they are dinosaurs themselves. You cannot be a relative of yourself.
@@chimerasuchus wrong. there is a reason the proper term for extinct dinosaurs is "non avian dinosaurs" ornithischian dinosaurs are not therapods. which would break them down even further. and we consider chimpanzees our closest relationship, but you wouldn't say a chimpanzee is in the genus homo because we share the closest recent ancestor right??? I would say 66 million years of evolution has definitely changed birds to their own group now separate from dinosaurs, but they did descend from them.
@@FFNOJG Dinosauria is a clade and you never leave a clade. That is why we are still apes, primates, synapsids, ect.
The reason Ornithischia and Theropoda are different is because they are two different clades within Dinosauria. Neither is descended from the other. On the other hand, birds belong to Theropoda.
Arent the closest living relatives of dinosaurs birds? They are literally the descendants of avian dinosaurs.
While birds are the closest relatives of the extinct dinosaurs, they are still dinosaurs. Crocodilians are the closest living relatives of Dinosauria.
Birds are not closest relative but literally a dinosaurs
"Arent the closest living relatives of dinosaurs birds? They are literally the descendants of avian dinosaurs."
- read that back!
The vocal fry makes me not want to watch instantly... but I want to hear the info gaaahhhhhhh. Lol
first!
Brids are not reptiles (reptilia). They are their seperate brand called birds (aves).
Birds are still reptiles
I thoroughly enjoyed learning anything new about history. But your nasal metro sounding voice was distracting and not helpful to my knowledge retention.
I think you're adding an extra syllable in that word Ancestral. I know you're used to dealing with words that have a lot of syllables. It's an easy enough mistake to make.
Lol
he’s so goofy ahh lookin
🤬🤬🤬🤬🤬🤬👬👬👬👬
Wooooooow your voice sucks in this video. Sooooo nasally. You will want to re edit this one. I cant listen to it lol. Otherwise good video
Fix your voice
Your voice and nasal speech makes me want to stop watching,but the knowledge and research put into this Trump's my irritation with your speech impediment. Good job and fine research sir.
Old man that voice 🤢
Try and not speak through your nose 👃 it’s very annoying and you would sound much better if sounds came through your mouth
I’m sorry but this guys voice is just too annoying .