How CEMENT is Made | in FACTORIES
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- Опубликовано: 22 фев 2024
- A cement is a binder, a substance used for construction that sets, hardens, and adheres to other materials to bind them together. Cement is seldom used on its own, but rather to bind sand and gravel (aggregate) together. Cement mixed with fine aggregate produces mortar for masonry, or with sand and gravel, produces concrete. Concrete is the most widely used material in existence and is behind only water as the planet's most-consumed resource.
Cement manufacturing is a complex process that begins with mining and then grinding raw materials that include limestone and clay, to a fine powder, called raw meal, which is then heated to a sintering temperature as high as 1450 °C in a cement kiln. In this process, the chemical bonds of the raw materials are broken down and then they are recombined into new compounds. The result is called clinker, which are rounded nodules between 1mm and 25mm across. The clinker is ground to a fine powder in a cement mill and mixed with gypsum to create cement. The powdered cement is then mixed with water and aggregates to form concrete that is used in construction.
Clinker quality depends on raw material composition, which has to be closely monitored to ensure the quality of the cement. Excess free lime, for example, results in undesirable effects such as volume expansion, increased setting time or reduced strength. Several laboratory and online systems can be employed to ensure process control in each step of the cement manufacturing process, including clinker formation.
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Came here to know how cement is made and now learning how concrete is made.
Quit disappointing though really worth it
The Romans used pozzolana cement from Pozzuoli, Italy near Mt. Vesuvius to build the Appian Way, Roman baths, the Coliseum and Pantheon in Rome, and the Pont du Gard aqueduct in south France. They used lime as a cementitious material. Pliny reported a mortar mixture of 1 part lime to 4 parts sand. Vitruvius reported a 2 parts pozzolana to 1 part lime. Concrete was originally developed by the ancient Romans, whose building techniques were lost with the fall of the empire and wasn’t reinvented until 1824 when an Englishman named Joseph Aspdin discovered Portland cement by burning finely ground chalk and clay in a kiln until the carbon dioxide was removed.
That is correct
4456
Did the unsavory criminal elements in ancient Rome dump bodies as filler prior the pour too?
It's also doubtful modern cement/concrete will last as long a roman variety. The Romans were also able to pore their concrete underwater.
@rickden8362 i totaly agreed with you here is a video of the roman cement
This video cemented my knowledge of such things and gave me a concrete piece of information. Thank you!
You're welcome
@@BRIGHTBOOK1978 r/woosh
I grew up in a cement manufacturing Company in the 80s. We are routinely taken on excursions to witness cement making process. This reminds me of my childhood. Thank You
Im sure you have a lot of good memories, good stuff 🤘
As simple as one may think of concrete, it is a very technical thing to understand.
Dad was a builder of commercial and industrial buildings. When he had a job where the mixers could not get in, I got drafted to “operate” a wheel barrow. Seeing the whole process presented here in order, and with details, was extremely interesting. I will look at more of your presentations.
Thank you very much and i am glad you liked this content i will create another video about construction, cement, etc etc in my next creation stay tune for more like this
@@BRIGHTBOOK1978😊😊
which other presentations have you watched?
It's longevity is the best attribute . For highways , if formulated correctly , superior . Sections of U.S. 40 between Sacramento and Auburn Ca. were laid in 1929-30 and are in near perfect condition . Traffic from Sacramento to Reno and points east , including heavy trucks used it from 1930-1959 when I-80 was opened , and carries traffic including trucks since '59 .
Brilliant video need more like this
This was all completely new to me and much appreciated. Thank you.
It’s amazing how concrete can be finished in so many different ways. Smooth to rough to different colours to different textures
Hello, how are you? It's fascinating how with this cement you can build incredible things and beautiful buildings.
What's even more amazing is how he says it can finished "after" the curing process😂😂😂
Now THAT was amazing...........................
interesting story ! , seen old forts in Carolinas that even used oyster & other sea shells into building tough , exterior walls.
i was inside such oven changing a section with some guys,, i even had to be inside while it was turning, we walked to the end and look down in that big pit, somthing i will never forget..
that is awesome and i little scary
It feels different seeing cement made in such a big volume at once, thanks for the video. Liked and subscribed!
Reminds me on how plumbus are made (rick and morty). All "how it works" videos do sound a bit the same😂. Thank you for uploading, it is interesting.😊
In totality I’m amazed to listen to how cement is made or honestly Created. Thanks ❤ for this. I’m following you for more details 🙏
Thank you and god bless
Discussing cement manufacture using rotary kilns and then shows a graphic of a Maertz
lime kiln!
Amazing!!!
great to see how it's made
That was a lot of info in not a lot of time. Just how I like it. Well done.
Дякую за працю !
Завжди цікаво дізнатися
щось новеньке.
I've been writing my name in wet cement for 40 years, especially here in Vegas. My name is Bicycle Bob and I approved this message.
Wet CONCRETE. You were told right at the start of the video that there is a difference between concrete and cement.
@@MikeAG333 oh hush.
@@robertreynolds1044 Sure.....if you'll not make the silly mistake again. I mean, it was in the very first minutes of the video, for pity sake.
My father told me how in his apprenticeship he learnt about different types of mortar, concrete and how these are made in ratios! I now find it interesting at age 50. He did his apprenticeship in Yugoslavia and then moved to Austria to work. He was a site foreman! Then my parents moved to Australia! Cheers ❤
Cement (the Adhesive) manufacture needs lots of Heat to make. Yes, there is underwater Concrete, and concrete which can be poured/cured in freezing weather.. You can also add gravel, stones, & rebar etc. to concrete..
I'm excited to share this video with my civil students.
Thank you for sharing god bless
Cement mixtures should always be handled in a manner that eliminates prolonged exposure to the skin, and mucus membranes. Concrete and cement can cause serious burns and infections of the skin if not neutralized immediately. Cement residue will not simply rinse off the skin with water. the chemicals in the mixtures are still active and are absorbed into the skin. the burning chemicals can be easily neutralized by rinsing the affected areas of skin with vinegar. Only seasoned veteran cement finishers and laborers who work with concrete on a daily basis will have a bottle of vinegar always at hand.
yes i agree 100% can burn your skin
Ok..thanks
Excellent. Good informations which I didn't know before.
Thanks! Ive been in construction for 40yrs and didnt know some of the fine points of the substance i used all the time. I heard that cement making was the biggest heat producer for global warming.
How did they do it back in the 1930's? We know this technology didn't exist back then.
Loved it!
Thank you
Very informative content but gorget to explain various types of the cement and differences in their properties.
Wow, sir. I don't know what to say other than great job! I learned a lot and enjoyed the video very much. Now I feel that I need to up my game. :-)
Glad you enjoyed it!
I worked @ Suwannee American in Branford, Fl - now Ashgrove until I retired in 2020. They load and send it out by the semi trailer load.
The three absolutes of concrete: It always hardens, it always cracks, no one will ever steal it.
Cement and concrete are the foundations of most of the world. No pun intended.
It was a good presentation except you left out the chemical reaction that would explain how the water causes the cement to harden.
I am so passionate about the manufacturing of cement, how I wish I have what it takes to go into manufacturing cement, I will have love to own a cement producing company, pls I need a mentor on this roll.
It's not too late..you can still achieve your dream😊😊😊
I seem to remember we used to add washing up liquid to our water when mixing cement . It acted as a good plasticiser when plastering walls. I think an additive is now marketed instead.
The reason that washing up liquid is a really bad idea in cement products (usually mortar rather than concrete) is that it has a very high salt content, and this can lead to efflourescence in brickwork or other adjacent masonry. This appears as white deposits on the surface, and is very unsightly, and ultimately damaging to the masonry. The admixes used in place of detergents avoid this issue.
Adding a small amount of sugar makes it that hard that you need an pneumatic hammer to break it.
No matter what you do , efflorescence occurs . Eventually it does disappear , but this does take a long time
@@MikeAG333
GREAT VIDEO THANKS
Glad you liked the video
Nice video! I learned some things, very interesting.
Thank you Very Much i'am glad you liked it
thanks!!!
You're welcome!
I've always wondered how concrete is made under water like bridge columns in a river.... now the phenomenon of hydraulic cement gives me the answer...
Concise and well presented thanks for posting.
Thank you, God bless.
Used to mix it in a box by hand lots of variables...
Good information to know!! God Bless!!
Thank you i am so glad you liked it
Thank you i am so glad you liked it
Could you share about 3d concrete printing?
concrete the dries under water? 🤯 _amazing_
thanks for the video!
great thank you
You're welcome i am glad you liked it thank you
great video thank youuuuuu
Thank you god blesd
Most impressiv is how old old this is. 2000 years ago, roman empire did make cement which was usefull under water. Hagia Sofia have survived many earthquackes and it repair itself. Old concrete is better than new one. That is very impressiv.
yes that's so true old concrete seems to be better the modern times concrete
The thing I find most interesting is the weight of it. I used to deliver truckloads of bagged cement. It only takes about 12 pallets to get your gross weight up to 79,000 lbs.
yes that is right, it think the weight comes from the crushed rocks in it, but yes totally agreed it is really heavy Cheers ✌
I use to haul bags of concrete out of Speed Indiana back in the 1990's
I see this is a lot more complex than simply mixing a bag of cement to throw on the ground
Yes indeed
The guy in shorts and knee deep workin it!
👍👍 great video
Thank you god bless
I love that concrete has evolved to a very high level of strength in products such a UHPC (Ultra High Performance Concrete).
Id be interested to see a deeper dive on UHPC
Didn’t realise that you can pour it underwater😮
Hydraulic concrete is amazing
nice video thanks for sharing this great video
Thanks for visiting
A luggage case and epoxy resin might make a great computer case
Just subscribed ✌ 👍
Thank you
I feel like I just finished listening to Daddy Pig explaining what he does for work.
I know I am not the only parent in the room.
I had no idea underwater concrete was a thing. It's such a niche thing requiring a very niche workforce.
All concrete will set underwaterr, as every builder who has ever mixed concrete with a shovel and then thrown it in a water butt overnight (instead of cleaning it properly) will tell you.
When placed correctly, concrete which has not been diluted will actually displace water as it fills a mold or footing holes. Concrete will take much longer to cure under water, which in turn produces the strongest concrete.
Very interesting and informative.
Glad you enjoyed it
I worked at the dusty deal cement plant at Devil slide Utah. {Portland Ideal Cement co}
Interesting video with some interesting pronunciations of words by the narrator
I worked in a cement plant for 10 years as a process operator. We made Calcium Aluminate cement.
so what has that got to do with this video?
@@user-gj8oq7fw1uare you blind or just dumb?
I'm surprised there is no mention of the angularity required of the aggregates. It is required the sand and stone have sharp angles. An on-site engineer can reject a batch if the aggregate is not angular enough. It is said we will soon face a shortage of workable sand. You look at the desert and think that is crazy but windblown sand is round and river sand is angular. We need the river sand. Great video. I was interested in the kiln process. "How did anyone ever figure out you had to cook the parts for the best results?", I ask myself. Granted chemists know how and why but someone figured it out before modern chemistry.
Thanks for sharing. I learn something new
You can't just add water willy nilly. The strength of the concrete is carefully calculated. The amount of cement to water was part of this calculation and by adding extra water on site to make it more usable will weaken the concrete which could be critical.
That's why inspectors perform slump test.
True
Willy-nilly lol...that's true
Nice
Awesome video,
But why does cement act so differently with heat than clay if cement consists of clay? 🤔
Interresting is the chemical reactions in cement.
What about using lime stone as an aggregate as mixed with other rock as well?
I do
Mombasa Cement is the Best in Kenya❤️🇰🇪🇰🇪🇰🇪
HOW DO YOU MAKE CEMENT OR CONCRETE WATER PROOF LIKE S CELLAR I noticed when building a house next to a cannels when the high tide comes in, the cellar starts to get water in it making he cellar flood, what do you do to make the cement Water Proof?
I wonder what it's like to man a meal mill's clinker cooler.
Where can I get this cement powder machine
And we still don't have the formula for Roman concrete that lasts a thousand years or so as far as I know. For small jobs an old plumber put me onto 2 things. 1) If you needthe concrete to remain flowable add dishwashing liquid, 2) Add a small amount of sugar and it will set so hard you need a pneumatic hammer to break it up. I live off grid have tried both ways don't understand the chemical process of either but it works.
The slower the curing period, the better and that includes lots of moisture. If concrete sets too fast or false sets and shrinks it can be a really costly error. In a process, some slabs are immersed in liquid to cure very slowly. Cement is relatively impervious to water, so it takes a lot of water to saturate the cement and get the optimum strength from it. The clinkers can be stored outside and they resist water to the point that they are unaffected by it. It isn’t until they have been pulverized that they begin to accept water. Our current world would be vastly different without cement.
Be interested to see fossil-free, net carbon negative geopolymer cement making from kaolin through metakaolin, with basalt fibers replacing steel rebar and staples, and a fraction of biochar aggregate for permanent carbon sequestration and insulation.
My favorite part was the jaw crusher.
Same lol
Mislabeled is how I would pigeonhole this video. How Concrete is made. Cement is a process of isolating the glue that hold rock together. The harder the stone, the better the cement strength. But this knowledge isn't what structural engineers understand.
The cost is amazing
yes indeed
The underwater mix.
carefully ? so as not to ignite the dust ?
Is there a bit where making cement releases huge amounts of CO2? There is a silicate version of cement that doesn't involve a free CO2.
The Beverly hillabillys had a cement pond..
And they pronounced it "SEE-ment"!
All this technology and they still can’t make it so it doesn’t crack 😂
can you do a video on concrete cloth?
Yes i'll do one for sure about concrete cloth
awesome! cant wait!@@BRIGHTBOOK1978
Cement was made by the Romans and the made concrete from it. The included quick lime, if water infiltrated into the cement, the lime would become moist and heal the concrete. That's why their are Roman concrete structures thousands of years old.
Acorrding to an LBC reporter you can grow cement !😊
0:26 I’m excited
Ok thanks 😊😊😊
Welcome 😊
How do you finish cured concrete🤔
Wow
Rub it with something harder
👍
Concrete is a great product, all comes naturally some times with man made additives.
What's the difference between cement and mortar?
Mortar is a mixture of sand and cement.
@@tomjoyce318
❤correct
I like to work with Argos Cement ( Greenlight 💚💚 )
thats great
Know the most Informationen already.
Keep that concrete damp during curing! Very few people that get contractors to little jobs around the house or work known it’s important. 8:14
are the materials needed to make the cement renewable or are we going to fleece the earth?
Civilizations much older than Romans also built buildings, some of which are still standing. I wonder what they used to join bricks and stones before the invention of cement by the Romans