Accelerator Science: Proton vs. Electron
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- Опубликовано: 10 окт 2016
- Particle accelerators are one of the most powerful ways to study the fundamental laws that govern the universe. However, there are many design considerations that go into selecting and building a particular accelerator. In this video, Fermilab’s Dr. Don Lincoln explains the pros and cons of building an accelerator that collides pairs of protons to one that collides electrons.
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I just love having the opportunity to watch these videos. Dr. Lincoln and his team must dedicate a lot of time, and effort, to make them posible. For that, I wholeheartedly say thank you.
A basic principle of the Universe is that "information wants to be free". New elements formed from super massive exploding stars get disseminated throughout galaxies which form other stars and planets, living organisms, and eventually humans, who in turn also spread information in books, lectures, and even on RUclips videos like this.
Another mind boggling notion is that the electrons which carry a value of "0" or "1" as part of this video's data or even this text you are reading right now, has likely originated from a far away exploded star. Even when we die, our bodies just get recycled into other living or non-living matter, but we never really disappear completely, we just change shape and form. Our Universe is truly and amazing place.
My thoughts exactly, I couldn't have said it better
So glad you guys went through the trouble of demonstrating a garbage can collider for us. One of the main things I love about this channel (besides cool science stuff like learning about the foundations of reality), is the 90's educational film feel to everything from the opening sequence and music, to the demonstrations and jokes. I think it just serves to highlight the dorky yet earnest passion you all clearly have for particle physics and science in general. Anyways, another great video as always, and I look forward to more content that makes me chuckle while making me smarter!
You nailed it!
They are scientists bro... Not video making experts, obviously there video quality will look like 90s quality 😂😂
The most mindblowing thing about these videos for me is the realization that I am made of this stuff... And how incredibly small they are, yet science can work with them.
Helo i m from india
I think stuff like that when I'm HIGH AF.
Next step: shooting you at 99% speed of light into your anti-you
I had searched videos of science in youtube but your videos are truly up to the point. thankyou sir for giving your time for us
As the front man, Dr. Don get's a lot of praise for these wonderful videos, and rightly so. But let's take a moment to appreciate the folks behind the scenes who help make everything happen. Kudos to Ian Krass, Jim Shultz, and Allan Johnson. Thank you!
Thank you Professor Lincoln for taking us (laypeople) deeper into experimental particle physics than anyone else on youtube!
I collided my Lexus with a Bentley and discovered things about my insurance company.
lmfao
When are you publishing the results?
lol
the insurance uncertainty principle.
A Bentley?
That's just bad luck.
Now I want to see two garbage cans collide at 99.9999% the speed of light
Garbage just collided with your ear to muddy the mind.
The atom is yet to be proved.
The amount of energy will be equal to the birth of a new black hole.
@@Bassotronics .
Amazing, yet rubbish remains untouched...
Ron van der Horst we are able to direct image atoms. Take your pseudo science elsewhere you shmuck
@@zenithomega19.
You're correct, we can- it's called sight.
Only a shmuck entertains the notion a pebble may behave as an ocean wave and contrariwise.
What is matter?
What is energy?
Answer those and you'll surely get a prize.
This is a great Fermilab video!
A great channel. I just discovered you a day or two ago. It feels very good to get a peak into the advances in basic physics to that have occurred since I received my masters in quantum electronics over half a century ago.
Dr. Lincoln, once again your elucidation of the subject material is superb. Thank you for your very educational and enlightening videos. Good luck with your research!
You folks always make awesome educational videos. Thanks.
great explanation and breakdown , I love fermilab
This channel is very important for any student .. and so amazing video sir ... Thanks sir good explanation... I am so glad
Dr Don should receive the Nobel prize for the explanation of high tech physics.!! Love it.🚀
Perfect Host, explained very well.
Thank you for simplifying the information so that I can understand it.
One of my favorite channels! :)
such detail! amazing video
Very much enjoying these videos! Please keep them coming! :)
Thank you for making those wonderful videos.
I think this is one of your best videos.
Mind Blown!!! Thanks for the video.
Thank you Dr. Lincoln!
Interesting and informative!
I was not aware of those particular differences and aspects in the various systems.
I had wanted to be physicist since my high days when I first heard about the Fermilab. Life had other plans for me.
Anyway, cool video and thank you for sharing!
Excellent channel.
Thank you for explaining this!
You just got to love that retro style intro!
I cant wait to see this after work!
Dr. Lincoln... You da man!
Great stuff man
thank you for this magnificent content
very nice informing video, keep up the good job
Way cool. I have managed to take a private tour of TRIUMF as a family member had access there. I even went into the areas where they were constructing a brand new lab with hot boxes. Unfortunately they were not running the accelerator so I didn't get to do the trick where you stand paperclips straight up on any desk near enough to the core. It's boring and breathtakingly fascinating all at the same time.
james franklin lol...a hotbox is one of those big booths you see the scientist sitting at and using manipulator claws to handle dangerous radioactive materials at. You can look in the box through thick leaded glass.
Sean Nanoman The coolest piece of research tech I've gotten to see was a neutrino detector (actually used to detect neutrinos from Fermilab) built in the bottom of an old mine turned museum/tourist attraction. It was massive (~70ft tall from the picture, and apparently 5.4 kilotons), and roughly half a mile underground. It was really strange to take the elevator down into this old iron mine, which is as dark and dirty as you'd expect a mine to be, and then right next to the elevator is a door into a bright, clean, science facility with towering equipment. It was like something out of a James Bond movie, with the villain's high tech lab being hidden deep underground in an unassuming place like a closed down mine.
This video really accelerated my learning.
Go drink your proton shake.
Most underrated channel...
Excellent video. I admit that the LHC seemed like an expensive version of colliding two pulsed firehoses, a big splash, before the concepts of quantum fields, starting with the universal field of electrons oscillating between past and future, was presented. The idea fits with branes and nested loops of the vector combinations that make numerical codimensions as in 3D and sequences of scale that Dirac supposed were related as reciprocal relationships, (but there's every kind of mathematical connection that can be imagined from modulated information).
So if there's a particle soup produced by the LHC, then it's probably a lot more efficient than putting the same value of particle "telescopes" on mountain tops and waiting for rare events made by Cosmic rays.
A "tuned" synchronous detector, (like an eye) sees the universe at a particular frequency that appears to be here-now and distributed to infinity where synchronous interference intersects, the way radar or sonar works by at a "Tachyon" frequency.., so it's confusing enough to imagine the "inside" of an atom that is an "outside" frequency we see because of total internal reflection. Put numbers on it adds another layer of simplified confusion, while making it easier to do practical applications.
Quantum froth and bubbles in the bins?
Thank You so much...much appreciated for your contribution
Great information, but I am curious about one thing. Besides measuring energies then calculating velocities from relativistic energy and momentum equations, is there any other way to "clock" the speeds of particles?
How do you get those curved lines in particle accelerator collision illustration everybody keeps using ?
THANK YOU PROFESSOR LINCOLN...!!!
I would like to see a video on particle detectors. How do you detect all the different particles produced after a collision? What kind of electronics and signal processing are involved?
What about colliding Electrons with Protons?
I like this explanation!
Can u upload video on energy density of space time curvature.
Terrific video
Excellent. No fluff.
This channel is amazing, and Dr. Don Lincoln is such a fucking boss. Thank you so much for all the incredible videos and information!! What a time to be alive lol
Please do not pollute my reading of comments with your disrespectful use of gutter descriptions. Thank you.
I love the way Dr. Don low key flexes his cool t-shirts 😄
A show about the Alcubierre drive would be most appreciated
no picture or foto of linear target collisions available on internet?
When are electron-electron collisions used?
Great vid
The details of Proton pair collisions was totally new to me.
is there any way to collide neutrons?
I'm just baffled how can they detect and measure these man made collisions which happen in a time frame of pico-seconds or faster. What kind of detectors/cameras do they use and how is it being visualized? Truly amazing stuff.
they use pico cameras
Here are the detectors used in the LHC > ruclips.net/video/xG_YtASz7gY/видео.html
Great video!
We can also say that pp colliders induce less synchtron loss than e+e- colliders because protons are more massive than electrons. This is also one of the reasons why proton colliders are sometimes prefered over e+e- colliders.
When he was talking about "2 reasons" for wanting to build proton colliders, I thought this was going to the the 2nd reason -- it is hard to crank electrons up to energies as high as you can get with protons (either way, substitute antimatter equivalent as appropriate).
I am lucky to get your vedio, this is pure physics, but unfortunate in Kashmir we lack it .
Thanks Regards
How are the precise velocities of accelerated particles determined?
What's the 'hit rate' of an electron/positron collision? What I mean is, isn't an electron just a cloud of potential locations? So how can you accurately aim and fire a cloud? Especially when we know the velocity fairly well as we accelerated the electron to that velocity ourselves.
the relative motion or speed between single electron and proton when they are atract toward each other??
Ok and now back to the electron-electron collisions. What are these specialized cases?
can we store protons in a sort of proton battery? to be released in a controlled way to power a proton circuit such as in a proton chip... what would the storage device look like? i vision a dark box... the box is filled with individual protons and they are compressed into a power storage system like a loop that can be "discharged" systematically... excess or used protons could them be returned and stored tasing to another material and then replenished as in a rechargeable battery? would that involve compacting quarks?
Doesn't the LHC also occasionally collide lead nuclei? What's the advantage and disadvantage there? If it's only the elementary particles actually colliding, what in fact is the difference at all?
im thinking , can you polarize the ions, so as to structure the Quark content of the particle. before it enters explosion . You can also include Photons into the bunch before entering explosion .Cathode Ray : TV coils .
How do you get the source "material" in the first place? How do you seperate protons and how do you create positrons? I thought anti matter can only be observed in a collider in the first place.
Thank you !
+ScienceNinjaDude
can't we get positrons through positron decay? when an nycleous has more protons than necessary, the emit a positron and a neutrino, and a neutron remains in the nucleous
I have a easiest way to collide 2 electrons what will be the result sir?
where do they get the anti-matter particles from?
Even if you had a superfast camera wouldn't the uncertaincy principle prevent you from successfully observing it (the proton)? Just askin'
I've heard good things about inverse tachyon pulses and main deflector dishes, maybe try those someday?
Do we have a beam of positron or antiproton..?
Can you do a video on The nature of time, cause that concept is a little hard to visualize...please
Entropy...
Time is a rate of change of a system, whether the system is a watch, the sun, the stars, or anything you are basing a derivative reference frame on of time - change. Of course, casualty occurs at different rates - time passes differently depending on the reference frame. Causality (and, so, the rate of causality - time) is relative to a lot of things, including the upper reference frame of speed/energy (c), mass/gravity (g), and quantum phenomena best modeled to us as statistical systems of potential realities collapsing to one real one. Also take note of the two definitions of time relevant whenever speaking about it: there is your subjective experience of time, then there is your subjective belief in others' beliefs in time and in an objective time that grounds your subjective experience of it and exists beyond your experience. Time is relative to your mental states just as it is relative to other physical constants like speed and gravity, because everything is a relative interaction of reference frame alignments.
If I understand it correctly there seems to be almost infinite possible outcomes of colliding protons together. Is there any value in doing this considering it sounds as outcomes are random and can't be forecast?
.
Whenever I get curious about electron/proton collisions in an accellerator, I end up here and it never answers my question :P
Discovering the messy trash can like nature of protons and neutrons had been one of the most fascinating parts of learning about this whole subject so far
I just discovered your channel and I subscribed.
So if the world ever runs out of electricity, can we just switch to proton flow?
For what very specific circumstances would you collide electrons with electrons? You dismissed it at the beginning but why?
when talking about colliding gluons, are they within the confines of the proton? Would the gluon move at the speed if light because it's massless if it were free from the proton?
Gluons can't appear outside the proton or another particle, because they carry a color charge. If you tried to remove a quark or a gluon from a particle, its energy will increase so much that it will create a quark-antiquark pair. And indeed, this is what happens in a high-energy particle collision. (There's a hypothetical - heavy and unstable - particle called a glueball, which consists only of gluons, but the rule that any observed particle must be color-neutral holds even for it.)
quantum physics/mechanics engineering - using proton particle accelerators as the main driving force?
What about colliding protons with electrons? Would that give off even more different things?
Hi , can a protons at a high rate combined with electrons /or anti-matter create a particle beam powerful enough to power a space craft 1 light-year away ?
Thanks Don! I should be going to bed, but I keep clicking on your titles...
Very good
What happens to protons after proton-proton collision, if quarks n gluons are released from proton then what happens to original proton and particles in it ??
One more thing .. as it is told that matter and anti matter annihilate into energy but in proton both matters are present yet proton is stable and doesn't dissociate, how any explanation ?
It seems every matter has anti matter as an integral part of it!!
question
is a proton transparent to any wavelength of light?
But does the precision of antimatter elections produce anything for discovery? Also, where does the missing energy go in proton-proton collisions???
IF you have an unlimitied amount of power, could your collisions create short life strings and if so would it even be possible to detect them?
strings? if it existed, maybe...
love how they go out of their way to make videos that can be understood by laypeople
proton proton collisions may be a mess but since there is a limited amount of particles it stil can be sortedout right ?
What about colliding electrons with protons or anti-protons?
So why do moons/stars spin backwards creating an angular problem?
I did not find " what happened when p and e are collided ?
Este normal sa nu admiteti ce nu scrie in manuale. Dar dupa ce se descifreaza constanta de actiune h si cu legile electromagnetismului, rezulta structura bipolara a electronului. Inpartiti lungimea de unda a fotonului gama electronic la 137 si apoi la 2.pi si o sa obtineti raza clasica a electronului. Ceeace dovedeste ca electronul este unda stationara bipolara de mare amplitudine a fotonului gama electronic. Si ca fotonul gama, ca orisicare foton are exact masa particulei din care se naste prin mecanismul reactiei de anihilare.
It is normal not to admit what is not written in the manuals. But after deciphering the action constant h and the laws of electromagnetism, the bipolar structure of the electron results. Divide the wavelength of the electronic gamma photon by 137 and then by 2.pi and you will get the classical radius of the electron. Which proves that the electron is the high-amplitude bipolar standing wave of the electronic gamma photon. And that the gamma photon, like any photon, has exactly the mass of the particle from which it is born through the mechanism of the annihilation reaction.
the thing is , I wanted to know what happens when you collide two electron together (but we can eliminate that one) ?
What happens if you collide two electrons then?
What becomes of the matter in the LHC after it's collided ?
It would form an unstable particle which quickly decays into lighters particles which are then absorbed by the various detectors for measurement. Only the neutrino makes it through the detectors without interacting.
Is it possible to make photons collide with one another? I know they are massless, but maybe they could interact somehow. Also have you ever sent a proton beam into something as complex as rock, concrete, wood, or drywall? I imagine it could create quite a mess of random collisions.
No, photons lack mass and thus they can perfectly overlap in space and time as far as I'm aware.
The latter is rather how the structure of the atom was discovered: by shooting "beta particles" (protons) against a gold sheet. Nearly all went through, what was meaningless, but eventually Rutherford thought about watching also for possible bounces and voilá: they found some and thus the nucleus was discovered. But otherwise it seems too imprecise, too noisy to be measurable in experimental settings, right? It'd be let's throw a proton against a rock, measure the rock, see it's still a rock... like throwing marbles to the Sun.
Thanks.
Thank you sir...love from India 🇮🇳...
How do we know that if we can’t really observe it?