Visualizing the Proton
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- Опубликовано: 8 фев 2025
- The proton has almost universally been visualized as a billiard ball with quark and gluon billiard ball constituents. Yet, we now know that this visualization is entirely wrong. Quarks and gluons can spin, have linear and circular motion, and can appear and disappear. How can this complex and seemingly “impossible” world be visualized? To answer this question, artists and scientists have collaborated to depict the subatomic world in a new way with an innovative animation that conveys the current understanding of the structure of the proton in terms of its fundamental constituents. This explanatory video created by MIT Professor Richard Milner and physicist Rolf Ent at Jefferson Lab provides an overview of the project and the physics behind it, presenting the animations that have resulted from the collaboration.
Read more here: mitsha.re/sjkv5...
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The Visualizing the Proton Project is presented by the MIT Center for Art, Science & Technology and Jefferson Lab.
The MIT Center for Art, Science & Technology (CAST) creates new opportunities for art, science and technology to thrive as interrelated, mutually informing modes of exploration, knowledge and discovery. CAST’s multidisciplinary platform presents performing and visual arts programs, supports research projects for artists working with science and engineering labs, and sponsors symposia, classes, workshops, design studios, lectures and publications.
The Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, or Jefferson Lab, is managed and operated for the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC.
DOE’s Office of Science is the single largest supporter of basic research in the physical sciences in the United States and is working to address some of the most pressing challenges of our time.
© MIT, 2021, All Rights Reserved© Jefferson Lab, 2021, All Rights Reserved
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Really wonderful animations! I found the presentation a bit confusing -- the order of information was a bit strange, and basic concepts were explained with unnecessary analogy while familiarity with more complicated ideas was assumed. However, the animations at the end were worth it. Absolutely gorgeous! I love how the three primary quarks emerge out of the quark sea
What's amazing is that these structures cohere over billions or possibly trillions of years.
@ 13:20 is the best part for us non-doctorates
Absolutely amazing!
How far into the future will it be till we are able to peer with high resolution into the world of the infinitely small?
In any case, extremely impressive!
If QLG is correct the plank length is the limit. Similarly, nothing is infinitely cold in timespace
If world is infinitely small, then it is irrational.
“EMC data can be explained by a universal modification of the structure of nucleons in neutron-proton SRC pairs and present a data-driven extraction of the corresponding universal modification function. This implies that in heavier nuclei with many more neutrons than protons, each proton is more likely than each neutron to belong to an SRC pair and hence to have distorted quark structure. This universal modification function will be useful for determining the structure of the free neutron and thereby testing quantum chromodynamics symmetry-breaking mechanisms and may help to discriminate between nuclear physics effects and beyond-the-standard-model effects in neutrino experiments.”
Astonishing work!
In the words of Dr. Emit Latrop Brown: "Woah! Heavy!"
Protons truly achieve heaviosity.
1) 13:55 what does the X=0.0001, x=0.01 mean? Is it a zoom in ?
2)14:34 what does the scale means (from Q2 1→400) does it show a slide of sphere/proton?
Anyone get it?
1) So apparently "As "exposure time," or Bjorken-X, which in QCD is the physical interpretation of the fraction of the proton's momentum carried by one quark or gluon, is lowered, you see the proton as an almost infinite number of gluons and quarks moving very quickly. If Bjorken-X is raised, you see three blobs, or Valence quarks, in red, blue, and green. As spatial resolution is dialed, the proton goes from being a spherical object to a pancaked object."
This comes from a website describing the project that has this video embedded.
2)I'm not sure what this means...
1) Imagine a long-exposure image -- one of those images where you point your camera up at the night sky in Antartica and leave it on for six months, or something.
Things in a proton happen at such _utterly absurd_ speeds that you get this kind of time-averaging blur effect even when your shutter speed is at something stupid at like a trillionth of a second.
This is now complicated by, uh, quantum bullshit that I am not even going to try to really treat correctly here. I'm going to refer you to the concept of a Wittgenstein's ladder, and then tell you that quantum field theory says that pretty much anything can happen so long as it _un_ happens fast enough. So when you turn the shutter speed up blindingly fast (x=.0001), you pick up a _lot_ of "noise" -- a whole sea of particles blipping into existence, accelerating and turning at speeds that just sound silly, and then promptly annihilating. In the "long exposure" settings (x=.3), all this chaos averages out, and you really just see three quarks connected by gluons wobbling and washing around the inside of the proton.
However, it turns out that a whole lot of the proton's properties -- most particularly its *mass* -- depend crucially on those weird quantum chaos effects; so for field theorists, the middle range with x=.01, where the chaos is tamed into something you can parse as individual gluon-antigluon pairs popping into existence, doing something coherent, and then vanishing, is probably the most interesting range.
2) This is just resolution, and it works the same as a camera or your screen -- you take an image, you slice it up into bits of a given size, and then you average out everything inside each 'bit' and give that 'pixel' a single color value.
Thing is, because of Yet More Quantum, things that you can't observe even in theory _don't exist._ Classic and most famous example: you can't simultaneously measure a particle's position and momentum to infinite precision, so a particle _has_ no simultaneous exact position and momentum, our reality explicitly does not have that information in it anywhere. And so every observation _must_ be paired with an explicit description of how you're performing the observation, which limits what qualities can even be said to simultaneously exist. In this case, the fact that "turning up the resolution" involves "smashing the proton with a bigger particle" means that the various features of a proton that are, aheh, _somewhat disturbed_ by destructive testing, essentially _do not exist_ at higher resolution scales -- you squash the image flat, then you try to 'unsquash', but just like if you try and do that on your computer, the process has irreversibly lost you information in the process.
@@linkhyrule5800 thank you!
@@linkhyrule5800 Glad to know that Hylian physicists exist!
Sounds counter intuitive. I would expect that a shorter exposure time would show increasing details (the 3 blobs) and a longer exposure time would show less detail of the inner structure.
Incredible video!
This is an excellent project. Is there a way to be notified of project updates without subscribing to the entire MIT arts channel?
This was wonderful! Thanks!
Whom should I contact for follow-up?
1:26 suggests it's a living creature that moves it's arm & possibly can make it's limbs light up.
Excellent, thank you so much ❤️
Well done. Simplified but not dumbed down.
As I pick up the pieces of my brain up off the floor; because my mind is wonderfully blown, I am wondering how this can be imagined to interact during the viral infection of human cells. It seems to be a factor of objects that are 100,000 different in scale. The cell being 100,00 times bigger than the virus. Can that be so? Can this be made into a visual graphic representation so that Mr. Novak Djokovic can understand how vaccines vs mosquito inoculations work? Also; There is a massive comprising piece of nature that this video explanation omits but I'm not qualified to express that.
14:45 Because of Terrell (pseudo-)rotation, there would be no appearance of flattening. This is a common, and strangely _persistent_ visualization-error when extending relativistic contraction of one- and two- dimensional objects aligned with the motion-vector, to spherical objects or (in this case) a spherically arranged assembly of objects.
I think you are mistaken. The object would be seen as a rotation, but the video is not talking about its visual appearance but about its measured length contraction.
@@jjt1881 as measured from an observers reference point its flat. Internally its orthagonal?
Does the following quantum model agree with the Spinor Theory of Roger Penrose?
Quantum Entangled Twisted Tubules: "A theory that you can't explain to a bartender is probably no damn good." Ernest Rutherford
When we draw a sine wave on a blackboard, we are representing spatial curvature. Does a photon transfer spatial curvature from one location to another? Wrap a piece of wire around a pencil and it can produce a 3D coil of wire, much like a spring. When viewed from the side it can look like a two-dimensional sine wave. You could coil the wire with either a right-hand twist, or with a left-hand twist. Could Planck's Constant be proportional to the twist cycles. A photon with a higher frequency has more energy. (More spatial curvature). What if gluons are actually made up of these twisted tubes which become entangled with other tubes to produce quarks. (In the same way twisted electrical extension cords can become entangled.) Therefore, the gluons are actually a part of the quarks. Mesons are made up of two entangled tubes (Quarks/Gluons), while protons and neutrons would be made up of three entangled tubes. (Quarks/Gluons) The "Color Force" would be related to the XYZ coordinates (orientation) of entanglement. "Asymptotic Freedom", and "flux tubes" make sense based on this concept. Neutrinos would be made up of a twisted torus (like a twisted donut) within this model. Gravity is a result of a very small curvature imbalance within atoms. (This is why the force of gravity is so small.) Instead of attempting to explain matter as "particles", this concept attempts to explain matter more in the manner of our current understanding of the space-time curvature of gravity. If an electron has qualities of both a particle and a wave, it cannot be either one. It must be something else. Therefore, a "particle" is actually a structure which stores spatial curvature. Can an electron-positron pair (which are made up of opposite directions of twist) annihilate each other by unwinding into each other producing Gamma Ray photons.
Does an electron travel through space like a threaded nut traveling down a threaded rod, with each twist cycle proportional to Planck’s Constant? Does it wind up on one end, while unwinding on the other end? Is this related to the Higgs field? Does this help explain the strange ½ spin of many subatomic particles? Does the 720 degree rotation of a 1/2 spin particle require at least one extra dimension?
Alpha decay occurs when the two protons and two neutrons (which are bound together by entangled tubes), become un-entangled from the rest of the nucleons
. Beta decay occurs when the tube of a down quark/gluon in a neutron becomes overtwisted and breaks producing a twisted torus (neutrino) and an up quark, and the ejected electron. The phenomenon of Supercoiling involving twist and writhe cycles may reveal how overtwisted quarks can produce these new particles. The conversion of twists into writhes, and vice-versa, is an interesting process.
Gamma photons are produced when a tube unwinds producing electromagnetic waves.
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Within this model a black hole could represent a quantum of gravity, because it is one cycle of spatial gravitational curvature. Therefore, instead of a graviton being a subatomic particle it could be considered to be a black hole. The overall gravitational attraction would be caused by a very tiny curvature imbalance within atoms.
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In this model Alpha equals the compactification ratio within the twistor cone. 1/137
1= Hypertubule diameter at 4D interface
137= Cone’s larger end diameter at 3D interface
A Hypertubule gets longer or shorter as twisting occurs. 720 degrees per twist cycle.
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How many neutrinos are left over from the Big Bang? They have a small mass, but they could be very large in number. Could this help explain Dark Matter?
Not one of my neighbors understands the Pythagorean Theorem .... 😞
So .. the practical application are colliders and an understanding on 1980s medical imaging. I jest, partially.
I am a little confused about any of this. Mass has two properties. It has inertia and it causes space to distort. Can these simulations quantify either of these properties?
As we are yet to discover a teory which would unite Quantum Field Theory with General Relativity, no model can truly predict how a quantum particle bends spacetime. The best anyone can do right now is to model how quantum particles behave in a given spacetime, but not how the said particles affect the spacetime.
4:47 Sorry to be such a nitpicking nag but isn't GREEN a combination of yellow and blue? This is what I was taught in my arts class in elementary school: primary colors are red, yellow and blue. White is all colors and black is no colors. OK, green is part of the prism spectrum but why didn't physicists pick yellow, since all these colors are pure metaphors and have nothing to do with nature?
What is bjorken x?
What about the structure of the neutron?
Incredibly difficult to understand but fascinating nonetheless.
Nice job!
Good video, but modern computing will almost certainly be hybrid (Classical + Quantum).
Thanks for sharing. This is great!
Really nice
8:47 so there they are! The culprit of my overweight! I hate you, gluon-quark interactions!!!
Really interesting work. Now if we could just get astrophysics to admit we really don't understand black holes, lets get this small stuff figured out first, and then... the universe.
Hadron 3D transverse spatial size entangled by 2 color 1D quark/gluon momentums. 6 2D color fields pauli excluded gluons 1D momentums entangle in 3D space time mass. So is gravity is the anti inflaton field then blackholes are 3D with no internal momentum.
Astrophysicists absoutely admit, that they dont fully understand black holes. Right now its not possible to (fully) understand astronomical phenomena based on the quantum world, but why shouldnt we try to understand them. Imagine telling galleo galilei, that he should study the equations of motion before dealing with astronomy
Why does an electron fly in an atom at the speed of light, but outside the atom it can move very slowly? How does an electron manage to be very fast and very slow?
The proton may be a pentaquark; it may also contain a charmed and anticharm quark.
May i strongly suggest that instead of the charges being these balls that they be treated as axes of charge. This creates 3 axes of charge matching our dimensions and an octahedral structure.
I have videos on nucleon composition from a first principles approach.
No I'm not PhD but is a half hot to open your mind so much? We are all aiming for understanding.
6:29 "their brain" 🤯
This is awesome
Astonishing
Character or properties ≠ “identity”
Quarks moving at the speed of light.
this is to heavy. to much science for us. Proton changes its weight and size depending on sub-particles it has at the moment. as much as I know there are up,down,bottom,top,strange and charm quarks in it...then anti particles also form antiup,antidown,etc... and when proton gets charm quark it grows larger and heavier. also it gets more energy.
so in order to preserve the equilibrium and energy preservation it is only reasonable to assume neutron also follows the same path. and there are leptons like electrons,neutrinos positrons tau neutrinos and all their anti particle counterparts. it is a mess.... physicists dont understand this mess perfectly so how in the world would ordinary human understand them? and this is on femtometer and atometer scale(fm and am....fm= 10 to -16 power and at= 10 to -19 power meters)
I wish I was smarter, enough to retain my attention.
I mean, it's obvious once you think about it right?
yay Anton brought me here!
Now we know Bosons have mass..
Not one of my neighbors understands the Pythagorean Theorem ....
Move
Damn.
Yup
O.K., that meant nothing to me............
Or, Mass is in Counterspace and Matter is in Space.
The Bullet Cluster Galaxy.
Quarks are Aether Dielectric hyperboloids, held together with the near infinite capacitance of the Inertial plane/Counterspace.
Scalable Aether Universe!
Standard Model Science Fiction!
Hahahahahahahahahahaha
Loooooool
Please stop, it’s just so stupid
@@CantHandleThisCanYa What's stupid your brain?
Nice name, Murderer!
Beautiful, but I still need to understand a few areas that are unclear 😎😇 there is a lot to learn to go beyond science and accept the concept of god.