The Viking History of York
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- Опубликовано: 1 мар 2018
- The city of York in the north of England was home to a seat of Scandinavian rule built off the back of viking raids and the initial conquest of the Danelaw by the brothers Halfdan with the Wide Embrace, Ivar the Boneless and Ubba the Duke of the Frisians with the Great Heathen Army. From then on until the middle of the 11th century it served as a focal point for Norse activity in Britain, often being connected to the Hiberno-Norse kingdoms in Ireland like Dublin, and being a key city to the likes of Olaf Guthfrithsson, Eric Bloodaxe and Harald Hardrada before being fully absorbed into Norman England for good after the 1080's. It never lost it's Scandinavian heritage however, as can be seen on the city's streetnames, the local dialects and of course the rich treasure trove of archaeological discoveries found at the Coppergate dig which can still be seen in Jorvik Museum today.
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I am 60yrs old and your episode on the Vikings brought back fond memories from my history class in high school. When your presentation mentioned Harold Harefoot, Eric Bloodaxe, Knute and Sven Forkbeard I smiled and my mind wandered back to those great days of learning.
amazing😁
Yeaaaaassss! *spontaneously raids London*
Typical Mercian ;)
When yours see yours favorite channels in the comments blessed 🙏🏾
After London, we’ll meet in Dublin after the pillaging for coffee and cakes.
Oi m8, it's the met here to jail yah fer raidin londoon fer the last time.
Harald Hardada was such a badass. It's so sad history only remembers him for losing. The man truly lived.
If only he set sail 3 days later.
Bro that guy burnt my home town and killed everyone here lol
Harald hardråde was an interesting dude for sure. Fun to think about what he manager to do
I am norwegian and I think King Harald Hardrada was a good and a bad king to have for Norway. But he set sail for England to early in 1066. Sad for both the norwegians and the anglosaxons.
@@drdal Interesting to speculate about how a different outcome might have changed history completely in numerous ways 😉
Greetings from DK 😊
*is the raging Irishman in the comments*
What're we raging at today, Cillian?
I would love to see your reenactment kit ;) if people agree, give this comment a like, so Hilbert knows how many people agree ;)
That'll be a fun Vlogs in Clogs video one day ;)
As we Scandinavians like to call it: JORVIK! 👊
(Vik = bay/inlet).
Great content as always Mr. Hilbert!
And Jór is a horse in old Icelandic
Interesting!
I think only Icelanders use that name these days
MartieD if you mean vik, then swedish use that as well and I think norwiegian as well, but that's only based on norwiegians simelarity to swedish.
I allways imagined it do be Jor as in Jord (land) and Vik like you said, so land inlet.
Sounds belivable to me anyway.
Living in this city never gets old. It's so incredible.
Now i want to see you in your reenactment gear :)
I'll have to do a kit reveal sometime haha
On a more serious note; thank you for putting the work into these videos detailing the history of the dark age exploits of the Germanic tribes/kingdoms and the British/Irish Celtic tribes/kingdoms. There's a dearth of videos on the topic especially the British Celts on youtube.
Between that and him living near Lindybeige, I have to wonder if they know each other.
York Citizen here!!!
Me too.
See you on Feb
I have ancestors that left York for America in the 1700s
As someone from York I can tell you, I wish my ancestors had left York for America. 😉
""Ending the sort of norwegian/danish obsession with the york in the north" Great, just great!
York is a great city
One of my favourites!
not as good as Lancaster tho i mean we all know that red rose beats white rose
reaperz no one likes mancs you’re all thick as fuck
Please don't even joke about it - the unservatives in power now would be liable to start a "make York Great Again" campaign, in some sort of impossible amalgamation of xenophobia, glorified ideals and nationalism. Nothing will come of it, of course - other than headaches, earaches, and ground down teeth all around. And then the rest of us will have to apologise about it for centuries after. "Oh, you know.. haha, those silly out of control inconservative governments we have and their reforms that we collectively vote in time and time again - it happens, we're so sorry that 90% of the voters in the country are easily influenced idiots".
kabalder what the fuck are you on about
You talk in the video about Coppergate in York being the place where metals are being worked, though this is not the origin of the streets name as it comes from Koppari-gata with Koppari means cup and Gata means street so it actually translates as the cup makers street.
“copper” is based on the old Norse word koparr. There’s a Finnish word koparri that means “catcher” or “snatcher” so cup makes sense but I feel pretty sure coppergate isn’t of Finnish origin
That was a great read at the end there. I think a lot of your fans, like me, just enjoy hearing the story of an old civilization that could have been interesting to experience. You have taught me a lot about the past. Thank you.
Great video man 👍. Really looking forward to your video of Harald Hardrada because he is my favorite Viking. 😁
tomurg seconded! Please make that movie!
Me too brother. Being Norwegian myself I love my culture. Harald Hardråde is my favorite Viking as well. He was an amazing leader with an amazing history.
Your videos are brilliant. Thank you so much for taking the time to make them ☺. You have rekindled a love of history in me.
Loved this one! Thanks Hilbert! Glad I started watching your channel. It inspires me to advance my own teachings!
It's so nice to know more about the Vikings in York, thank you for sharing with us
I live in York. You really did my city well!
Thank you, big fan of York!
Before the video even started I already pressed the like button: that is how intriguing and interesting and well done these videos are that you make! Take Care Hilbert.
Excellent as always, was at the Jorvik Viking festival also
#ReclaimJorvik
#866Now
#RIPRagnar865 #TakeTheirLandsAndWomen #NeverForget
Yes my friend. One day England will be ruled again by Norse and Danes. Together we shall avenge the death of our great king Hardrada...
ger du #MakeTheNorthSeaEmpireGreatAgain
England will never be slave! I love Vikings though ;)
Fantastic summary. Thank you
I know I am American, but I find this history fascinating.
well all Americans (exvept the natives) are from here, so it is your Hsitory ;).
Your videos are amazing educational experiences, I hope you grow bigger
Visiting York in a week, excited for seeing the history there
I read "The Viking History Of Bork".
Monsieur Z Börk
LOL
Monsieur Z börk börk
børk
I read dragon bork zee
Love your illustrations :)
Fine work as always, Hilbert.
One quite small point: the Five Boroughs had no recorded king. They seem to have formed a federal aristocratic republic rather like Iceland.
Thank you for this history. I am from York and a historian, but didn't know some of the detail as you have described. I now live a little further North but my heart is in York. The connection with Dublin is fascinating and your book recommendation is my next purchase. What would help me is a simple timeline which i will endeavour to create from your video unless it already exists. This will help understand the many characters.Post Roman to the Norman Conquest of Britain has become my favourite part of history.
I think the 1084 - 85 - 86 Danish invasion attempt was by King Canute ( Knut or Knud ) the Holy, a big brother of Svend Estridsen. He was later on made a saint because of this on the recommendation of one of his brothers, when he followed Knut on the Danish throne.
Knut was slain in a church in Odense ( in the island of Funen / Fyn ) after trying to set up a big invasion fleet for the reconguest of (parts of) England and demanding higher taxes to finance it - and keeping the farmers among the Vikings from going back to harvest the corn in their fields, as they also had to be ready to be soldiers in his invasion army.
Greetings to our Spare Viking cousins in York from DK 😉
Watching your videos I always learn loads about the area that I live in or near that a never knew about. It’s seems like our old history in the north east is forgotten and sadly we don’t get taught it. A think it would be class if you would do a video about st bede or events that happened in the north that have loads of history that no one knows about
It's very sad indeed, I'll be making more videos about our North Eastern history and I'm working on something else as well but that's way in the future at the moment ;)
Michael Pye wrote a chapter on Bede in The Edge of the World. Fascinating book. The North Sea peoples and activities in the middle ages was omitted from my education.
Just so you know if you see an í in a old norse word it was probably pronounced like e in Leeds. Anyway that is how it is in Icelandic.
Awesome that you write Kaupang, Hedeby, Ribe and so forth.
Thanks for all your hard work on this video my first name is Norvel, May family came for York.
Ever thought about doing stuff on Normans in Sicily? Such a chaotic time, 2 centuries of much stuff going on.
That's something I really should make some videos on, as well as the Normans in general and in England.
The interesting part about the Normans and Sicily in general is that the general players in this region survived to this day in some forms, with pieces of Gallo-Italic(Northern Italian dialects) in enclaves, Greeks(both autochtonous and later arrivals) and Maltese(of course not Muslim any more at all but still maintain an Arabic base in the language).
Curiosity, about the Channel Islands, do we know if they were Germanic speaking before and how the Norman conquest affected them? It would be also interesting to analyze those islands in an episode, so much stuff so little time!
I would love that! People often forget that Sicily became a Norse stronghold for a time, and that it's one of the most interesting parts of their world!
Fun fact my mum convinced me when I was younger that Brian Blessed was actually Erik Bloodaxe and he had to change his name and leave Yorkshire because the Vikings (that according to her story still lived in York) had banished him south. Genuinely believed it for about 4 years until we learnt about the Vikings in primary school I was gutted.
Fun fact number 2 the original Viking version of my surname was Leisinghei we have a copy of the family tree with the original on, translates to freed man's farm and basically all Lazenbys are related including George Lazenby (james bond in her majesty's secret service)
Come on.. There is no written testimonial documenting ordinary persons from the time Danish Vikings settled in England.
Don't believe everything you are told..
Gotta love Sleipnir on the shield in 12:16, alongside the dane raven :)
I was also in York for the Viking Festival! Did you march from the Minster to the Eye of York on the Saturday with everyone else who was dressed up? If so, I probably saw you! :D
Yes I did, so you probably saw me if you were watching!
Haha that's awesome! Small world eh? :p
Dude I was there when the reenactment took place. Small world. York is amazing, I’ve lived in and around the area all my life and keep finding out more about the place all these years on.
My dream is to move to York and I'm a pagan
Awesome video! I was wondering if you we're working on that "Ubbe, Dux of the Frisians" video that we got a chance to vote for in one of your earlier videos? I'd love to know more about Norse and Frisian interactions and how the Norse were received as rulers over the area.
Yes, it's still on the cards, in the meantime my friend History Time recently uploaded a video on it if you're interested.
ruclips.net/video/EM_VftwUMcg/видео.html
I've seen it and loved the video. It's part of what's gotten me pumped to see you tackle the subject. Keep up the great work!
Very interesting, I wonder if any of my ancestors were involved at some point. A family member took a DNA test and the main regions that came up were places like Germany, Sweden, England, and other parts of Northern/Western Europe.
Good stuff, you likely have some DNA from either the Danelaw or the Germanic Anglo-Saxons who came to England beforehand.
My DNA test had a couple surprises for me. Mom's side is Norwegian-Dane and father's is Dutch. Test said 56% Scandinavian, no shocker there. Then 34% British Isles, 7% NW Europe, 1% Irish and smatterings of West Russia/East Europe. The 34% and 7% really threw my head into a spin. The short story is the Vikings, so apparently I got a lot of DNA from mom. My dad's family is from the Dutch delta area from Arnhem-Ede-Utrecht, so very likely Batavian. I know some Roman forts were manned by Batavians in Britain.
The Danes were on the island of Bornholm for many centuries. The island's very location put it in the middle of everything east and west and north and south. My 13th great grandfather was in the Hanseatic League from Lubeck but assigned to Bornholm.
I think you could spend a lifetime studying the history of northern/western Europe and never know everything. So much activity constantly going on.
I did an ancestry DNA test it came back 29% Irish 28% percent Great Britian with 9% Scandanavian among other things what does that exactly mean.
56%er? ;) just kidding, you may well have some history there. I certainly do, born and raised in York, after my father moved over from the Netherlands. I must be 50/50!
LOL Some people on the Dutch genealogy boards on Facebook get really upset with their DNA results. I educate them to separate DNA from modern cultural boundaries and there's really no such thing as "Dutch DNA". Friesland is as close as you get to "Dutch DNA" since the rest of the NL has been quite a melting pot for centuries. Scandinavia is the "purest" as they were never conquered or even invaded by other ethnic groups. The fought among themselves but no outside invasions.
Looking at history over the last 2000+ years Britain sure was a magnet for raiders and invaders!!
When they make a vid about you. Lmao. I am also Frisian so it all makes sense. Great Vid. Love ur channel.
Can you do the Viking incursions into Rus and Novgorod?
Here in Norwich we also have Pottergate, Bishopgate etc
Omg I live in York and love this video
I read that book. I liked it mostly.
Great video! Can you make a video about German colonies in Africa and the Pacific. It's interesting, I've already read a lot about it but a video of it would be awesome
Thank you! Sounds like a very interesting topic for a video, I'll add it to the list!
im frome the netherlands and i love the house of york aka the white rose
Being a yorkshire man I love that flag!!
I’m 1/3 Norwegian because of all this.
Are you a Yorkshireman youreself?
How? It was the danes that raided England right?
It's interesting there's an area in south Wolverhampton which was part of the original Kingdom of Mercia Called Tettenhall/Tettenhall Wood. Could that have been where the Battle of Tettenhall/Tattenhall was possibly? There is also a country road adjacent to Tettenhall Village green called Danescourt Road. If a large bloody battle took place in the 900's, it's no wonder the place feels so other-worldly at nighttime. It is one of the most popular and sought-after areas with very high house prices in Wolverhampton.
i live in new *york* its very interesting how much there is to the word york
it's a big ol history
It is named after the Duke of York perhaps.
@@mavisemberson8737 no it comes from Jorvik.
Great video Hilbert!
I would have loved if you'd made it all the way to the time of Magnus Barelegs!
One thing i will say about the reading at the end of the vid is that I've always found the modern fixation on the "Viking Descendant" element of the Normans and their history extremely baffling, and a bit revisionist.
The Normans themselves never viewed themselves through a "Viking" lens, or identified as such. The sweeping linguistic and cultural changes to England and Scotland as a result of Norman rule did not originate in Scandinavia, but from Frankish culture. The general consensus is that Norman conquest reduced Scandinavian influence, as Britain had previously been firmly entrenched in the Scandinavian world.
And when the Normans wrote the history of their own accomplishments during the First Crusade, specifically to glorify Bohemond and Tancred, they called the work "Gesta Francorum". They were identified by the Arabs they came into contact with as "Il-Franj", and almost certainly self-identified as Frankish.
I was about to say wouldn’t the WIC ending denote a market place… and then you said it was a trading centre. Very good 👍🏻
I know this was long ago but I wanted to ask if you still remember where you got your informations from ? Thank you
I thought the "c" in "Eoferwic" was supposed to be a "ch" (as in "chapel") sound? I may be mistaken, but in readings of Old English I've listened to, "c"s tend to be pronounced as such; does anyone know whether or not this is accurate?
I thought the same thing.
love my city :)
never knew you where in a reenactment group
i mayself are in the 85eme regiment de ligne a napoleonic group
and in the 110th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry
maybe i will meet you once in a event here in the netherlands :)
are you ganna make a video about the event in york because im kindah interested in it ?
omg omg have you talked about Dorested???
This is so very interesting, being a York!
My girlfriend was happy to see her photo on your video :D
Love York luckily I don't live too far away,
The ultimate source of the place name is the Celtic word Iubhair, yew: so
It is yew tree place. The diminutive would be something like Iubhaireag which is pronounced very like York. This is why the Romans called it Eboracum, which means the same thing. It has gone through a series of changes as the place changed hands, but that is the original source of the name York, iubhaireag, or something very like that. Yorvic simply makes sense in Norse of the original name, and gets the element Vik in there. Vikings loved Viks because it means an anchorage. There was another alternate name for York (possibly tribal) before the Romans. It was called Dun na Broc: Badger fortress.
Fascinating as always. A Viking Festival.....how fun is that!
I'm curious if you've done a video on King Harold Godwinson's life? Or if you have enough information about him, and his family, including where his ancestry originated. There is some controversy surrounding that, with some hint that though he's referred to as the last Anglo-Saxon King, his family may actually have come from somewhere in Scandinavia. (Viking perhaps.)
He seems to be but a mere footnote in history, there to simply promote the introduction of William the Conqueror, and Norman rule.
I recently found out I'm a descendant of Harold Godwinson (Son of Godwin), and I know he led an interesting life before 1066, owned a fair bit of land, & was quite influential politically, and religiously.
His family also, were significant players in English history, however short-lived, with his sister married to King Edward. I haven't yet had time to attempt to research what happened to his immediate family after his death, at the Battle of Hastings, or the time period immediately following. I wouldn't be surprised to learn they were driven out by William.
are there any separatist or irredentist movement in York and Danelaw areas hoping to reunite with Scandinavia or require Danish language and history to be taught in the schools?
fórum á víkingaferð p.s. great video
Do you do hema?
Home sweet home
Thankyou.....ENGLISH in the 1971 UK !
Small point, Micklegate probably means Littlestreet. In the Scots language, which descends from the Northumbrian dialect of OE, with lots of Old Norse too, we have a saying " Mony a mickle maks a muckle". In English, " many a little makes a lot".
The last kingdom *INTENSIFIES*
We have a word which is "vik"..
Vik (from Norse vík) is a smaller, often narrow, incision in the shoreline towards the sea or water (from Norwegian).
Jorvik means something else from my linguistic perspective.
Jorvik is a town located near a vik/vík.
The vikings called it Jòrvìk because it sounded like such. Jòr ved vìk --> jòr besides vìk--> jorvik.
If you look at Google maps you can also find humber located somewhere close to York.
Did my ancestors DNA which showed my ancestors from North West France, Wales and Northern Ireland. Trying to put the last names to the city of origin. Fascinating. 🇮🇸🇳🇴🇬🇧☘🇨🇮🇫🇷
My family name is a alteration of the Anglo Saxon habitation village named hessay, York Moor monkton
YOU CAN'T KILL ME! DON'T YOU KNOW WHO I AM? I AM IVAR THE BONELESS!
History Channel's Vikings are quite historically inaccurate.
Sorry, nitpicky linguistics corrections (and tangents) incoming :p
Eborācum (which should have stress on the a not the o because the a is long) doesn't come from a word for boar, but probably a word for yew "eburos". The association with boars is entirely Germanic and probably the cause of the Old English form (the Germanic root for boar was *eburaz which had become eofor in Old English) so when the angles first arrived in the area they saw a place name that appeared to use a word they would have been familiar with (as the root was better preserved in the low german varieties pre-migration angles would have been near to) and so they just translated what they believed to be the meaning of the name. The other half of the name (-ācum) may have been reanalysed as -rīċ-ham "rich-enclosure" with the r merging with that of the eofor- and the -ham being dropped (as it frequently was) leaving Eoforīċ which no longer had a natural interpretation so the final syllable may have been re-re-analysed as -wīċ "settlement" giving us the attested Eoforwīċ.
The actual Norse cognate with Eofor-wīċ would be Jǫfur-vík which would be entirely reasonable, it's unclear why the f was lost in the name but the attested form Jórvík is analysable as Jór-vík "horse-town" (the jór here is cognate with Old English "eoh" which appears in Mercian form in the Tolkien's work through Éomer "horse-famous", Eówyn "horse-friend", Éomund "horse-hand", and Éofor "horse-lifestyle")
Mickle and muckle are probably English cognates (from Old English miċel or myċel) of the Norse mikill not a borrowing although it's not possible to say for certain because vowel-reduction of the second vowel would have lead them to produce the same result.
Not sure why you went with "their" because it's not just the possessive we borrowed from Norse, but all cases of "they" which come from Norse þeir (which is the masculine nominative, the feminine was þær & the neuter þau, with the genitive being þeirra in all genders) and displaced Old English hī(e) which had merged with hē "he".
It's also unclear the extent to which Norse influence and bilingualism led to the loss of the case system. The timeline doesn't quite seem to fit as even late Old English manuscripts preserve it mostly intact with only a few signs of degradation whereas the earliest Middle English manuscripts have lost the case system almost entirely so it looks more likely that the Norman conquest was the bigger factor (which also makes sense as both Old English and Old Norse have very similar case systems whereas Old French, as spoken by the Normans in the 11th century, very much did not).
Mickle as in Tolkien's Mickle Delving in the West farthing of the Shire? Got to love Tolkien's use of languages. BTW when he said Muckle I thought he said Muggle. lol
Do you think you could put your sources in the description?
Most of this is from what I've previously learnt researching this topic. Some good places to learn more would be the book I mentioned called Edge of the World by Michael Pye. Other good books would be A History of the Vikings by Gwyn Jones, The Historical Atlas of the Viking World by John Haywood and of course the contemporary sources like the Icelandic Sagas, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and the Irish Annals.
History With Hilbert That's exactly what I need. Perfect!
AY i live literally next to Hungate street
Just wanted to mention here that "vik" means inlet in Swedish. Swedish towns (and places) for instance: Örnsköldsvik (Eagle Shield Inlet), Sandviken (Sand Inlet), Norrviken (North Inlet). Jorvik? Sounds like a very likely "vik"ing name to me! Tryin' to contribute some etymologywise! Maybe something to look into? :)
I am wondering. We're the Danes and Norwegian Vikings better abroa than in Danmark?
Because there were no Christian monks in Danmark, to write about life IN Danmark? Sounds like they wanted to be everywhere BUT home.
are you a member of the Northumbrian Vikings reenactment group?
PLEAASEEE do a history of Cumbria
I live in Hertfordshire and I love Cumbria!!!!!! My most favourite part of England to be honest!
Perhaps a strange thought, but would my name: jorick be releated tot jorvik?
Yorkshire has a lot of Viking/Norse/Dane in its history. It's why we're an independent lot. We can do without Southern Norman's. The Northmen in Normandy went native to a far greater degree than those who settled in northern England.
I wish I could get my tongue around old English, old Norse etc. Sadly I'm hopeless at languages.
At 1:41 you say places like pictland yet the kingdom of Scotland had already been founded then meaning the Picts and the caledonians were already long gone.
I'm surprised there is no reference to the literal Old-Norse translation of the name "Jórvík" (compound word Jór-vík). "Jór" means Horse and "vík" means bay, so the literal meaning of the name would be Horse Bay.
where does that wonky dragon flag come from?
11:29 For a moment there it seemed to read "Kingdom East of York Anglia". Which is very British lol
Kaupangen is in the middle of norway(Trondheim)
I wonder if "me ol mucker" slang comes from the viking "muckle" term for someone who is big
Wow! New York could have been called New Eoforik! Who knew!
I need a bit of help with the K system Hibert .. struggling with my dyslexia as it is
The Vikings, Norman's, and Anglo Normans were not as bad with there ruling as Anglo Saxons were towards The Celts
Was the kingdom of Kent really just a city state
Ah yes. So many connections. See, I come from the streets and "gat" has a totally different meaning.
On my Y line I have Yorkshire, Cheybourg, Belgium, Holland and Norway blood lines. That's Viking or Anglo-Saxon if you ask me.
Why are you all referring to Norway?
25-35.000 Danes settled during some 300 years in England & created the area defined as Danelaw.
There's some 1000 names in that area still traceable back to these settlers
Try relate to reality..
What group you in ma boi
Edge of the World isn't on audible. :/
Ah that’s a shame it’s such a good book!
Audible needs to stop being a bunch of SOYBOYS and learn how to REALLY DEBATE amirite?! bloodsporst!!!!
what group you in man
I'm in Regia Angolorum
which group im in the south wales group Gwerin Y Gwyr and i also run my own group out of gower Brodyr Baeddwen
Ēalā Ēoforwīċ!