Great Beasts of Legend: Monsters of the Maya Cosmos
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- Опубликовано: 28 фев 2017
- Dr. Simon Martin, Associate Curator, American Section, Penn Museum
The Maya universe was populated by a variety of strange beasts and hybrid entities, some as actors in mythic narratives, others as symbolic representations of the sky, earth, and netherworld. However bizarre and complex their form, each had a coherent part to play in a wider religious system. One of the more energetic areas in Maya studies today is the effort to fathom their meanings and, by doing so, enter the imagination and consciousness of an ancient American people.
I’m Native American and proud. Shout out to my people from North to South A. 🌎
🔥🔥🔥
Mapuche here! Much love to my Earth loving brothers and sisters from the north to the south A.
MARRICHIWEU!
Primo all roads leads back to el dorado we will be connected and land owners again
Cañari Inca, spanish blood also, but very VERY proud of my native blood. Greeting to the red brothers from north.
Yup are people on this side
Being a decendant of mayan culture, makes me proud of who I am. It gives me pleasure that some people actually lov researching this, it's just so satisfying to me.
Also, Mayan culture comes strong in a series I love reading, The Storm Runner. Posibly the best Mayan fictional adventure book I've read.
Yes, the Naga people. Love you all too
I love the Cherokee myth of the uktena. My father used to tell me this story. He was a traditional dancer that represented the uktena when he danced
'Holding up the sky' is to know and carry the truth of Heaven. So what it means is the old wise men, the Itzamna, were the 'enlightened' ones.
Therianthropy is in the earliest cave art, so I am bewildered by his early speech statement that it does not
Yeah, it's strange
Loved your video! Great speaker, and loved all the fine detail.
Dear Dr. Martin, thank you for this presentation with high quality pictures and animations. You are nearly the only presenter who realizes that during a video projection the room must be dark. And the inserts from the pictures in the video are even better. But maybe I can help you to understand the Maya better. The Popol Vuh tells about a cycle of seven world eras that are separated by a natural disaster. This means that there is a cycle of disasters. All monsters in mythology refer to this terrible disasters that are caused by the ninth planet in our solar system. It approaches the earth as fast as an eagle or tiger or jaguar. And it is causing a huge tidal wave, severe flooding, lightning, storms and rains. In the flooded areas the swimming animals can de dangerous like the snake or crocodile. That planet 9 is surrounded by an enormous cloud of dust and meteors. That cloud is long and spiralled. This also refers to "the serpent in the sky".At 32 min 58sec we see a kachina, a figure with wings and a big nose. In the book: "The history of the Hopi from their origin in Lemuria", the Hopi people claim that they are the ancesters from the Maya. They are much older and they were educated by these kachinas. There is still much to discover. A good start would be to read the e-book: "what I know about Nibiru". This book also has many pictures in it, some from the Penn museum, and explains more about the ancient knowledge of the indigenous peoples.
Please keep the camera on the pictures, not the presenter... I can hear him, I want to see what he is describing. TY always.
I find Chaak to be a really interesting character, like the Aztecs the caiman was sacrifice in order to make the world, Even the evolution of Chaaks axe K'awill being personified into a one legged man with a growth on his head is eerily reminiscent to Tezcatlipoca with his one leg and a smoking mirror on his head. But I don't think Tezcatlipoca was associated with Lightning or storms, but with mirrors and reflections. Also both are worshiped by kings and nobles. Very fascinating similarity's! Sad so much of it is lose do to the climate of the area and the great burning the Spanish committed.
I suspect thought itself is also an aspect of the thing on the forehead.
Fire, smoke, lightning, thought are all actions as much as things. Mirror and shiny are related. Further "genious" and "fiery splender", terms out of the Vu are referring the it.
Totoise worship by ancient Mayans is a close parallel to Kurma Avatar of Lord Vishnu .. Snakes and Tortoises are found in alomost all Mayan temples - Ekbalam ,Uxmal, Kabah, Tulum... may be many more .. all Anicent Native Americans (Mayans, Aztecs, Incas,...etc) and Asian Hindus are CONNECTED by Divinity, faith and spirit, religion, knowledge of Math, geometry, Temple architectures.. eating rice, vegetables.. since BC times..
This was a great video. Maya mythology is incredible
From all the Maya books I've read, that carved centipede has always been a snake. White Bone Snake. One of three different types of snakes. White bone snake represented the connection between the other world and you go in the snakes Jaws an
the role of the centipede was quite a revelation to me, I also knew it as the White Bone Snake. What also was interesting was the Sky Crocodile having deer feet in the iconography.
this strengened my convintion that the so called "Marsbeast" from the Dresden Codex has nothing to do with the planet Mars but is the simplest reprencitation of the Sky Crocodile. that Mars has a synodical period of 3x260 is just coïncidence.
thank you very much for a most comprehensive lecture on maya artwork, i have this very strong inclination that maya civilization indeed is very psychdelic oriented, that extreme complex and detailed high density image is very much like today's psychedelic artwork, only it is this one style of maya type....
Love that emoticon at 13:24
Very good!
Amazing!
If I may offer a comment, the lady in the stone carving has just passed a rope woven with thorns through her tongue. The blood was caught on paper strips, placed in a bowl and incinerated . As the blood actually contains the dna of her ancestoral line, and the smoke is the actual corporal material of that DNA, the ancestors were believed to manifest in the smoke . So autosacrifice is quite different from sacrifice of enemies or captives. She is conjuring her ancestors, in my interpretation.
I have a Question maybe someone could answer: In All the Mayan History- did the glyphs change or evolve over time or did they always stay the same on all the Representations? Fascinating Culture and Excellent Video. Thanks. RH
Always felt some connection to the myan history. Had some creepy experiences.
Stay blessed
And all of what the Maya civilization became, first started and spread from ancient Guatemala.
Loved watching but the sound is scratchy
We also call certain diseases by where they were identified. West Nile virus, German measles or Spanish flu.
And the obvious one of our current times ! . . . tax-payer funded, gain-of-function research performed in *Wuhan* ?
Actually those names were given by the United States we are the only ones who label everything they way we want
About the first question: Christianity used to be full of this kind of odd imagery, though most people have forgotten. St. Mark is a winged lion with a book. St. Peter has keys. St. Jerome has a lion, or a skull. St. Luke is a bull, and John is an eagle. St. Martin in on horseback, cutting a cloak in half for a beggar. St. George is slaying a dragon. St Andrew has his cross. This list goes on and on.
In fact this kind of imagery made the religion more accessible to the illiterate.
Really interesting for me to see all this. Especially with the sophisticated nature of the central and South American civilizations. Just really impressive, such a damn shame that the Spanish destroyed so much of Aztec culture, it's great that most of the Mayan stuff was just buried in vines.
Turtle on the back of crcodil,with rhe mazegood comeing out of the back of the turtle .So there should comeing out of the mazegood back,and so comeing out the back off the next on and on 🤩
He that leadeth into captivity shall go into captivity: he that killeth with the sword must be killed with the sword. Here is the patience and the faith of the saints.
The Apkallu were ancient sages with knowledge of shapeshifting we call skinwalking but they were also wise men who taught us allot just like the three wise men/wizards in the bible, lots of magic and battles back then, many say involved dragons and the annuna giants. Things will get intense again soon I'm sure they want revenge but so do we
The goddesses of the world all took a beating from the conquerors . Wales in Britain feels the same as you my brother . ❤️
The connection between earth crocodil and turtle ,is turtle sitting on the back of a crocodil,repressing river and roads.😁
You know, the sign of a cultured person is their understanding of the rhythm of life. So, for all you Mayans out there, are you sure you share this blood?
Here Dr. Martin says there are some timeline jumps in the mythology with figures having different deaths and resurrections and forms. Is there a possibility that it isn't as complicated as it seems and that some of these are regional stories that have been conflated because they include the same figures? As in, one place has a figure dead while they are alive in another. I realize that the time period the lecture covers is hundreds of years and that conflicting myths can accrue but even then it seems odd that the same mythos would have deities and monsters popping in and out of existence.
that centipede is grody.
The centipede could be similar to the cobra is to India? Hung around the neck it symbolizes the conquering of death.
Oh my god. Great material and a very interesting topic but all I can hear is um um um. After a while I just know when he'll say it. Had the same problem with a professor once, every two or three words came with an ummmm, I just stopped going to his class cause it gave me anxiety...
You should reference Yuri korsnolov, he cracked the code
The first Monsterverse
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There is a very famous carving done in the stone age of a half man half lion.
I'm curious about how long it takes even experts to interpret this iconography and script. It seems very busy, very elaborate, and not at all standard, as compared not only with our alphabet but also with Egyptian hieroglyphics or Chinese characters. Possibly this is because all that survives are very ceremonial inscriptions, in which the writing might be analogous to the illuminated capitals in medieval manuscripts? Is there any evidence of simpler, less ornate writing used to write letters or keep business records?
most of the books and records were burned by Bishop Landa in the 1500's.. we know a lot about the script... and it is quite interesting in that there may be several ways to spell the same word.. and substitutions like using a "K" instead of "C" are common.. but advances have been made in reading most of the scripts.. there are records of births, deaths, battles, etc. in the inscriptions... Mayan art is also quite descriptive with symbols embedded in the art denoting if an object is wood or stone, and what color it is, etc... very complex, but readable none the less...
unlike with hieroglyphs the Mayas were there when spanish came, allowing some cross talk to be made. it gave some base for the language and the writing, but then conquistador happened and most of the stuff was lost.
My question was not about deciphering texts that are completely unknown, which might be a research project taking days, months, or even years; my question really had to do with reading words that are already part of our dictionary of ancient Maya in a new context. With English or Chinese, the recognition is pretty much instantaneous. As I understand it, Egyptian hieroglyphs move symbols around somewhat, giving greater prominence for the parts of the word that have to do with gods or kings, so that might slow down the reading just a bit, but not much. On the other hand, the intricacy of Mayan writing seems to mean it would have been slow to write and probably slow to read -- sort of like having to solve a jumble first in order to get the actual message. At least that's my impression, but I suppose that question needs to be asked to someone who can actually read these texts, not the general RUclips audience.
not that hard.. look up Thompson's list of glyphs.. there are standard figures for days, months, weeks, etc.. it is more standard than is your impression... and we have only been able to read them for only a few years.. as more becomes known, the easier to read..
christosvoskresye
yopaat - sea/water deity? lightening?
Life comes out off the back.
It's crazy when people say I'm this from that civilization.. but yet they don't know squat only as when they find out they have like .01 % of Aztec or Mayan or any other civilization do people want to claim it.
32:40 looks like a depiction of 7 Macaw to me
I think it is 7 Macaw, what is surpricing is that he is connected with the harpy eagle, I should have connected him with the King Vulture.
A lot of those are more chinese than the chinese ones and really you could say the same about egyptian; those are more egyptian than the egyptian hieroglyphs. It doesn't really surprise me though. does not surprise me at all. Well it does at times when I am looking at those that he showed.
I'm looking and oh! shock when I see how close to the style of chinese pictographs and the hieroglyphs some of the more elaborately drawn ones are very much like Chinese decorative style. Not all chinese design and style is done in sweeps some of it like that on pottery is very pictorial but still the same symbology and collection of signature of artist and also the client.
thank you for your knowledge as for your ignorance. there are three upper-deepest gods-spirits or elemental forces in neotropic philosophy : darkness (earthking yaguara), water (riverking anakonda) and fire (skyking eagle). the spirit of all spirits you call monotheism but thy expressions go through the 3 elements. please ask our scholars. ayala & yami, shamanes associate
Antz-that-crawls-on-the-ground ~~ El_lord_de_Aztlan
They are telling us that the maze literally grows out the body's of dead creatures ,why do they suggest everything is a metaphor for something.
I found it very interesting that when speaking of the highest diety he describes him with "whose name we can't pronounce." As if a god would remove its name from the mouths of humanity, and they are no longer allowed to speak that name.
Say What ?
It is a simple result of the hieroglyphic writing. Many of the gods and nobles are depicted only in pictographic form: in other words, portraits, with no clues as to how their names were spoken. The audience was expected to know what the gods' name were. In other places in the Mayan script, there are alternate phonetic depictions which allow us to know the actual pronunciation of a god's name. Cha'ak and K'awiil are good examples of gods for whom there is widespread agreement by scholars of the proper names.
"Audience", as used above, refers to the contemporary Maya that the script was written for.
25 min. Lightning god.
Fascinating content. Terrible sound.
32:50
El-Choctaw-lord-De-CalifasMexicoAztlan Antz-that-crawls-on-the-ground MexiCali
Those were not monsters , those were Gods . Shamanistic gods , like in all religions prior to organized religion as a form of power .
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Are you saying they believed in reincarnation?
I am maya mestizo, and the name is not Itzam, but Itza'mna'
So sad that the best lecture in this series has such horrible audio.
These were there religious beliefs. We take it as other means.
Mesoamérica Rules Supreme
guess these were their emoticons and became more complex over time with the need to increase their vocabulary
stuart940 Not at all. The huge need to increase their vocabulary is the expanse of their vocabulary. Like any language, this one is perfectly capable of spelling out any word, including a new one that has never been written before.
Legal definition of human = monster
40:40 :: some illnesses are contagions. some diseases are more prominent in certain genetic groups. they didn't have a "very strange idea." they had some idea of genetics. without todays modern laboratories one might see how easily it would be to confuse genetic predisposition with some contagions. more research is needed for statements like that. .. .
Why do europe have mayan n aztec stone carvings !??? These old stone carving should be rite where they belong not in Europe!!!!!!!
We’ve got centipedes that + bigger than your picture... from Sonora desert in AZ down to the Tierra del Fuego in South America... they are ugly and painfully equipped to hurt big and small animals....👍🏽 there are a number of books on maya and other mesoamerican pre-colonial languages... they are in Mexico, and all over the net.
The quality of this video is terrible. I can barely hear it. The guy lowers his voice so you can't hear him half the time and there is no closed captions. What's the point of posting this?
Hopefully, in doing my studies on the Mayan civilization, the other interested people have realized that Kukulcan is a dragon, not a snake. Common sense would tell you why. Snakes have two teeth, dragon's have many teeth. Did you ever see a snake with feathers? Dragons could fly, so showing feathers was nothing unusual. How about feet and claws? How many snakes have those? None, that I know of. Dragons have feet and claws. Is that enough proof, it should be to anyone that thinks. So why do many people think of Kukulcan as a snake? The reason is simple, it was announced to the world by the priests that conquered the Mayan people. It was to bring their religion down and to raise up Christian ideas. By the way, the priests did the same thing in Africa to those people. Did not believe the way the priests liked you to conform, well, they had a simple solution, burn you at the stake. I paint all the old Mayan spirits and kings, I am the only one that paints them in the world. Find them at kukulcanmedia.com
His life form is the Quetzal bird a sacred bird for Mesoamerica only the noble got to wear kukulcan feathers
There is much to discuss concerning Maya supernatural beings. But the short answer comes from the Pre-Hispanic peoples themselves: K'uk'ulkan means, literally, "feathered serpent". It is probably a literal translation of the Nahuatl "Quetzalcoatl", which means the same.
In my opinion the feathered serpent is a metaphor for something else because Kukulkán was said to be an old white man with a very long beard. And before u think that this is white washed history it’s not. The Maya literally said he even warned them about another white man that would come and try to take them over so that contradicts the whole thing of other white people turning deity’s white or whatever.
Also look around in almost every ancient civilization there is some type of feathered serpent. Maybe he was a shapeshifter? I think the feathered serpent actually may be some type of ufo cuz that’s the closest thing the people can think of and compare it to. Cuz if u think about They have nothing else to compare a UFO to so it makes sense. For example there is Olmec art of a man sitting on a huge snake and it looks literally like some type of flying craft.
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Even Mayas were happy to stop worshipping insects.
umm amm arr umm ammm
Go watch whores
Um Um Um------ Give that man a lesson in public speaking !
Why must every phrase begin with "uhm"?
Umm umm ugh umm
Every Mayan icon is a record of an astrological conjunction.
Daily records.
That is definitely one level of the symbolism I agree.
It seems to me the Maya glyph have much in common with Egyptian glyphs and the Mayan bird deity being killed by the hero twins reminds me of the Sumerian Anzu being defeated by Ninurta...I wonder why he doesnt point that out...I also wonder if God L might also be Elohim
El is name like god like superman kal el
The 4 angels names have el
Even the fallen like azaz el .... but elohim means 2 or more then 1
The letter names are given to the Maya gods by scholars who don't know what the actual name is, not by the Maya. No, there's no connection between L and El, it's just a coincidense based on how English happens to pronounce the particular letter of the Latin alphabet.
Please do not touch any Mayan rocks you will chant for 1 hour straight and be out of breath
U keep our knowledge but send our people to the box
Maya area ? I have proof the mayan or aztecs made the Mississippi michigan the great lakes and more
there is a an actual conectio between the mound cultures in the south of U.S. and the teenek a mayan related group that inhabit the mexican states just south of Texas, but the term "Maya area" refers to only the countryo of Guatemala, Belice, and parts of Honduras and Mexico, the mexican states with mayan culture are Chiapas, Tabasco, Quintana Roo, Campeche and Yucatan, all of this land is the full extent of the mayan culture albeit some mayan influence extend to central Mexico
Gosh americans are so rude. You can never ever see anyone leave during the Q&A in The Royal Institution..
Up yours
I think the Guy in the Rocket ! is a Version of a Jesus they knew about.
But here they are depicting the controversy of whether he is Son Of God - or Son From God.
guy in rocket?
There is no guy in a rocket. There is no rocket. He wasn't thought of as a savior. But he was thought of as the reincarnation of a past great king. The lid of his sarcophagus is inscribed with his parental lineages. He was a great king that brought order and prosperity to their city-state, and founded an empire. The lid basically shows him traveling into the cosmic, spiritual world by way of the cosmic serpent's open mouth. He is in the standard symbolized posture that is the icon for "birth", as he is born into his cosmic life in the otherworld. The structure above him is the world tree, that holds up the sky. The serpent laying across the branches of the tree is the celestial serpent, the Milky Way.
If you like Poetry and Myths and Mystic approaches to things < of the past present and future > Check out the X and the Y
Why does the Y have a missing Rib/Stick ?
Why is the X taken by a malignant man ? Playing X while he knows damn well that he Should be Y.
It all has to do with drowsing to find the inner treasures.
The X and the Y are Chromosomes of male and Female.
The X is Female (and is more complete and came before the Y)
But that would appear contradictory to the story of God creating > Starting by a man not a Woman > But every man had to come through a Woman > Even Jesus.
Which Should be "the" or "1 of the" Biggest Y that ever lived.
But still Man Took Tried to shift the subject Of saying X is more dominant and more holly.
This earthly contradiction > is vividly present in the derived languages.
Etymology is the Root.
Then Cognition and connections will arise like a mountain pile of questions > regarding questionable affairs of communication and their efficiency >
This Ancient Culture involved blood and flesh sacrifice even though they respected nature... < Yet no one sees any resemblance esoterically nor effectively as a ruling reality that surpassed us all > but still reflected upon us.
The Root cause of all problems of men is not his body > But the language he/she learned.
The Body of men and women / us all together are not designed to learned all the languages that are on earth to become fully initiated.
Once you know the truth of Islam in the Arabic Language, You can know the truth about all the rest of the cultures in the world from the most ancient till the present one.
You will see all the missing Ribs and how they tried to so hard.
Never saw a Woman Doing a Megalith ...
Monsters of maya🤣🤣🤣 then what do you call the conquistadors the Portuguese who killed them?
I think these scholars dont understand the native mentality is the same way some white people dont understand our culture now, I believe a lot of the so called gods were more like saints and a lot of Mexicans have saints now they dont worship them necessarily but they ask for specific stuff only god is worshipped. I get better info from real descendants in some instances and they often say how these scholars have it wrong.
The Catholic saints are basically the minor gods of any polytheist religion...
Turtle was Pangaea
Crocodile=ocean
Kawiil axe=kufus pyramid
Maze God = earth
Snakes= volcanos
The twins = our moon and Venus
Bats= asteroid
Shibalba=Africa
Bird= is new ruler
Itsom =sun
Blood = lava
Underworld gods= earth fragments
The writings of predynastic America's and Egypt are picture representations with hidden definitions with meanings completely unknown to non indigenous peoples. The glyphs would portray an animal or object representing the depicted creature while also symbolizing an alphabetical character which typically matched the oral equivalent when spoke. All done to prevent destruction during creation of objects portraying written events or stories of the truth. Allowing this cultural documenting while under foreign control. The foreign ruling bodies okayed these arts not knowing or understanding a third interpretation of glyph symbols . A modern version would be similar to the letter C. The letter C today would represent itself in the alphabet as is, sound like normal when read aloud. But only those familiar to English of today would know that "C" also means "correct" in some written examples. Mayan equivalent would be 🐢= turtle= a god = region or a group. Even possibly numeric value. All with one hieroglyph . Keeping hidden facts in plain sight allows later generations to find hidden knowledge even after near liquidation of the physical culture. One literally must read between the lines. The speaker although close with the interpretation of the ?Popal Vue?, was not correct . I've listed above meanings I've come to find while deciphering the Mayan creation story. The Americas predynastic literature is by far the most detailed record of our lost past I've come across. Since all tales predating written history tell the same story , I must consider the story true. I continue my research commenting only on false understandings of subjects . False according to learned events and secrets from antiquity. As I am just a curious average Joe, I can only hope to help other open minded researchers whether they are funded professional or independent. Help solve the riddle that is existence. I will be sharing all my findings on this platform soon. Please look for my video soon. I believe it will change our lives and with the severity of the topic I am fearful for the longevity of the upcoming video on any social platform . As well as my own safety. So if you've actually survived my long-winded comment believe me when I say, "catch my history alternative video coming soon because it's the only one I'm gonna do and I promise you it will be historical, changing the world as we know it and will start a new unimaginable understanding of the world around us. Thank you.
Would you happen to know the meaning of the footprints?
I believe you are onto something.
Where is the video ?
Video is coming.
This starts out with a guy looking like the morning after the night before... talks down to his audience ... easy to go searching for better prepared speakers.
Balam|Palam =stronge/English, ( Balam a Tamil/Mayan word), God was very stong Person, so his places( Temples) was strong too, Mayan Came from North /East Srilanka to Mexico,( because of war with Indian king Rama and Srilankan king Rawanan), In North Srilanka ( Ellam Thu BALAM) in Tamil land ( Sie da BALAM) Temples, and mayan called for eating -( Sa Ba Du/ Food), Sumerin too called for food ( Sa Ba Du) , Today Tamils too( Sa Ba Du),
Ap ppu You’re saying the Mayans are a lost dravidian settlement?
how god damned frustrating !! the sound quality is horrid ... every time he turns his head toward the screen and back again, it produces distortion ... overall it is GARBAGE!! why are so many such academic presentations / lectures of such poor vocal quality!?! No consistency or continuity, no quality control, he might as well have a mouth full of marbles. Did they even bother to do a sound check? Of is their equipment simply equivalent to a grade school PA system??
If u care enough it wont matter.
I am truly sorry iF your feelings are hurt, but you are very wrong on your Mayan information, your assumptions of insects to Mayans, Guatemalans are repulsive, we adore the animal kingdom, we eat snakes, the jaguar is a spiritual symbol of strength and there's so much more you should learn, before you misinform so many people. What a shame! My deepest sympathy to the nice people whose brains you've corrupted with twisted and false information. The more you talk, the more I wish I were deaf!
Mayans weren’t only settled in Guatemala but also in Mexico. 😌
Why all these videos with Europeans or American anthropologist covering Maya are boring trying to impress their ritzy colleges
I am from the land of Yax Cu’uk Mo. My name and title is Knot Eye Jaguar Paw Gazelem Ix-Miquili-Pan-TL. My ancestral home is The Kintana Ro, Chiapas, Guatemala and Honduras High Lands and Low lands.
I don’t apeak or write Cu’uk Zekel, Chorti or Nahual, but I know their science and math. And it is not what you teach about. You are not reading or interpreting the glyphs correctly. You are making the same mistake as with the Egyptian Glyphs. The spoken language is one thing and the interpretation is quite another. And the way some descendants of my people are learning to re-write and restore their language is only partially correct to their specific needs. The Maya Roseta Stone is coded in their calendar and numbers, but not their entire science. You are a fool if you think the Maya cared about centipedes or any such creature per say. They were mystic, but the mysticism you are inventing about them is laughable. The symbols are a representation of their science. Let me give you and example. There is a President im El Salvador whose name is Nayib Bukele. How would you write his name in Maya Glyphs? If you do it as people do when they write their name with Egyptian hero glyphs my following the phonetic or linguistic sound you are mistaken. Nayib Bukele is written simply as a Big Shield. And if you want to also write his tile you ad before his name the head of a Jaguar. Thus his name is Ix Balam Shield. Which is Chief and Protector. Or Great King and Protector. His name is his title also. For Nayib is Big in Arabic and Bukele is a Shield and/or Buckler. Another example is Chiapas, a place. The way yo write it is Xi-Abbas. That is the HighLands or The Land of the First, Chief or Old Fathers. The Land of our first inheritance.
All that BS that you are saying about the underworld is not true either. Xibalba is not the underworld, but the spirit world. The fish and feathers is spiritual nourishment. Birds of haven or Avian Creatures are symbolic of spiritual leaders, priests or prophets, seers and revelators. They serve the represented divinities. The beast of Prey like the Jaguars, they represent earthly titles and the bats, snakes and other reptiles and crawling things represent occupations, status and professions. And the numbers and celestially symbols represent festivities, seasons, times and stations and cardinal directions. A limb or teeth lake a Jaguar Paw is a military leader or The Strong Arm of either A God or The Peoplle. And teeth and tongues and eyes represent actitudes, emotions and communication or other forms of expression. Trees coming from the stomach or lions mean nations, generations and ancestry, such as root and branch. Anthropomorphic figures represent burdens or revelations. Knots mean covenants and oaths. Sowing the tongue means sowing oaths or binding one’s will to another, a ceremony such as a coronation and submission to a higher authority or power. Feathers in feet are traveling teachers or messengers. I don’t know all their symbols nor have a clue how to write them or speak them but I know their science. The absence of value or Zero is a covered seed or a closed eye. A negative that cannot be counted or seen. The dots are also representative of time, temperature and degrees like the ellipsis. One jump forward and half a jump backward like the seconds of a clock., They also knew the conversion of E=mc^2 as well as Einstein but they knew better because they also computed all unknown variables. Such as the Unified Field Theory. They combined Temperature, Time, Volume velocity area and distance and the universal constant to travel in time to know computationally things far in the past and in the future.. Here is their Stargate. UFT= Emc^2. / T V pi r^3
These people could build pyramids and cities over lakes by calculating all variables.
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