As a boy that grew up with animals, we "threw ourselves" on everything we could for a ride. Dogs, goats, sheep, horses, cattle, didn't matter we tried to ride it. When I made it to the ocean as an early teenager, I learned to run and jump off docks to land onto the backs of migrating leapord sharks to get an underwater ride. Part of the nature of a wild boy is to ride a wild animal.
I totally agree! 💯... My only issue was the way he dismissed the fact that neolithic man may have had the thought of riding horses. What's the word he used?? Suicidal??
I wish there would be more stuff in media about the tribes of eurasia and central asia like the scythians, yuezhi, turkics or huns in books, movies etc
Might a better word to describe these pasturalists' vehicles be 'caravan' (as in a Romany caravan rather than a group of camels) instead of 'wagon'. When I first heard the word 'wagon' linked to these people I imagined a vehicle used to transport heavy items from A to B but this talk has opened my eyes to the idea that they were actually mobile living spaces - which makes much more sense. If you are a pasturalist you are going to have a minimal number of posessions, the biggest of which are probably the components of your shelter (e.g. yurt) which you have to take with you because they are not easily replaceable. So a 'wagon' seems overkill for their transport. However, if you are frequently moving, a caravan' is a great idea because it saves you all the calories of continually unpacking and repacking your e.g. yurt...
Around 29:00. Kent mountain region of kazakhstan. There is "ergenekon legend" about a small refugee group, from a defeated clan, took shalter in a land hidden between montains. Group stays there for generations, become a strong nation/horde again and defeat their former enemy. Places like Kent mountain may be one of the inspirations for this legend.
maybe the kids were riding the sheep and the men tried to ride the bigger horses they hunted is how it started. the first man or woman who got on the back of a horse and rode back to town 100 times faster must have made quite the impression on the clan.
I find the simplest explanation being the most simple. Horses then were small, as przewalski horses are today, and if they were already semi domesticated it is not hard to assume that people would try to ride the calfs as a joke, as kids today try riding a big dog. Imagine a calf being used to it. There you have it, now you know how to ride a horse.
As a forest zone dweller - I reject the cattle and sheep herding of my steppe cousins! And shall remain a forager for at least another 2000 years! … ( lets face it - I'll never look cool on a chariot ).
You'll lose out bad to unintended but supreme fuel for military domination: biological warfare from developing partial immunities to animal borne, species hopping diseases
I thought it was a presentation on Riding and on Bronze Age Pastoralism. The thrust was not on the language family, but on the occupation of humans in various regions of Asia and Europe. Conflating this with the theories surrounding the language families leads to comments like those of @Jonathan Sutcliffe.
@JONATHAN SUTCLIFFE Please look at the dates of the (probably) Tocharian-speaking people whose mummies are found in the Tarim. It is difficult to understand how that branch, that never ventured west, is now equated to people of European stock.
@JONATHAN SUTCLIFFE LOL. You do realise that 'European' people became European people on getting into Europe, and that, as Homo Sapiens, they were not particularly European. Regarding your 'Viking' friend probably a Roman masking as a Viking, and his story of a Roman legion 'stationed' in northern China many, many years ago, and the age of the mummies, do please consider the following, even if just as a joke: 'Viking' was a profession, or an occupation, not a race; even externally, very, very few Romans would have been able to 'pass off' as a Viking, typically those being from Denmark, Norway, and Iceland, and even some from Sweden; the story of the 'lost' Roman legion is a piece of fantasy based on the possibility that one of Crassus' legions might have been captured intact, and banished to the neighbouring power of the Parthians, into northern China - a total fantasy except for imaginative movies and RUclips videos. About the mummies, they are most reliably the remains of a people speaking a tongue called Tocharian. These people existed in those parts approximately a millennium before the Romans, whose eastern adventures did not commence earlier than around 100 BC. About the trading and knowledge of other people, a good point, and the Phoenicians were good examples of that, as well as sundry Greeks, who, as traders, sailors and plain adventurers, ended up in remote corners of the Achaemenid Empire (the one destroyed by Alexander III of Macedon); there is little connection with either the Tocharians (who had disappeared by the time the Persians and their predecessor Medes consolidated their state), or the Romans (who landed up long after the destruction of the Achaemenid Empire, and clashed with the successors to the successors of the Achaemenids), or the Vikings, who interacted with the Roman world AFTER the fall of the western Roman Empire in 476 AD. From your answer, you have an interesting voyage of discovery in front of you. Good luck.
Excellent presentation! :) Interesting that you indicate that horses were large enough to ride in the bronze age one, always hears that they had to pul chariots as they had in Egypt prior to being ridden because they were too small.
P2 : After the "First Germanic Sound Shift" (Grimm's law), Germanic p, t, k became f, th, ch (h), and b, d, g became p, t, k. After the "Second Germanic consonant shift" (High German consonant shift) b, d, g became v, dh, g. In the Turkic (i.e. Turkish) we have similar sound shifts, but less in number: vocalic endings p, t, k, ç (tsch), nk become b, d, g, c (dsch), ng. Example: köpe-k- (dog), köpe-ğ-imiz (our dog).
@JONATHAN SUTCLIFFE I'm no expert but I've read that basque and Catalan both come from etruscan,which was a pre indo European language, if you are interested in the subject look up pre Roman Italy and Tuscany Catalan Basque, it's all very interesting.
No it has not been debunked. Pan-Turkic nationalist nonense is though. Current evidence show that A Indo-European languages spread from the Eurasian stepp. And it was invention of Horse riding that boosted this expansion. When all ancient Indo-speaking groups hade horses and the horse was inportant in there culture. Words about horses, wheels, wagons, taming of horses can be reconstructed for the Proto-Indo-European language.
What would show up in the archeological record, what would be preserved if cattle and sheep were used exclusively for blood or milk and not for meat? This is common practice in herding cultures that exist today.
P3 : By regular sound shift and corrospondence that is mathamatical we can see that A they have a common origin and B if we shift that does sound changes back words we can to an extent reconstruct a proto language. Latin initial f, Ancient Greek ph, Germanic b and Sanskrit bh all goes back to the Proto-Indo-European bh, In Germanic it lost it's asperiation, in ancient Greek it lost it's voicing and in Latin it both lost it's voicing and became a fricative.
(Part 3) It is outstanding that every link in the Iranian-Scythian theory is either a fraud or a blunder. The Ossetians are not Alans, and it is not Ossetians who could have spread blood group type B to the border between Scotland and England, or to the Northern Africa, or to Normandy. If you do not have it in your veins, you can't bring it over, too bad.
From this comment section I can glean that the importantt hing here is not the development of horseback riding and bronze age pastoralism in the Eurasian Steppes but what current day culture can trace its origin to a particular set of horse hunters.
?? How did you get that? There were references to life-style and occupations; there were references to grave remains; there were implied references to language and the spread of languages. What more was there that allowed this conclusion?
@@indrajitgupta3280 I imagine it's the genetic results from the other individuals presumably descendants from Afanasievo linked to modern Eastern Europeans.
Theodore Rule of Law who said that you get the language from genetics or archaelogical evidence. you dont understand how these researchers try to tie the different subjects. its very difficult to do it well but very rewarding. they are the first people interested in being coherent so they wont be laughed at. As i am laughing at your comment. but i dont expect that you will understand this ever...
There is no evidence for massive Turkic substratum.. as said Turkic is a rather recent spread. Proto-Turkic cannot be shown to be a IE language group. It is a diffrent family. But I do not see where the problem is ? This is just want the linguistic evidence show, I mean it is not discrimination to call the Basque a language isolate when it is. Some Pan Arabist like to claim that Arabic has always been in existence and in worse that Arabic was always spoken in Egypt an etc. Crap and nonsesne.
(Part 5) Summarizing impartially all historical data based on real historical grounds, it is not difficult to suggest that Huns at first were an undistinguished Türkic people among Türkic Scythians and Sarmatians.
What was the DNA of these mummies.? My maternal haplogroup was H6a1b2 , 8000 to 3500 yrs ago in the altay mtns then traveled to Ireland red hair and green eyes
No Proto-Turkic hade not even split by 4000 BC and especialy not by 9000 BC the diffrence among Turkic language would be much bigger at large if it where the case. When one reconstructs Proto-Indo-European one can get cultural and enviormemtal clues on where it was spoken and it corrospond with the stepp. PIE hade vocab for horses and wagons and flaura and fauna typical of the stepp. And with the spread of wagons and the domestic horse we see the spread of Indo-European languages.
Horse meat popular during the Vedic period, seems to have revived during the contemporary 20 th century horse meat eating frenzy, both in America and European fast food industry (burgers).
P2 : The Indo-European language familiy is the most studies and most solid proven family and ones proves linguistic families on linguistics alone. The idea of the Indo-European is not Euro centrism there has been similear theories even before but it got root Sir Wiliam Jones who studies Sanskrit and noticed that is systematicaly the same as Latin and Ancient Greek grammaticaly and structerly to the level they hade to come from a common source.
Elena İzbitser The İron Curtain and Eurasian archaeology (some notes on “The Horse, the Wheel, and language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World” by David W. Anthony, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007,)
Thanks for putting this together for us. I see this happening here in the state of Nevada. Feral horses are common and regarded as a pest by cattle growers (bovid and sheep), but the horses do just fine on their own. But don't you think that back then horses might first have been found useful as pack animals like donkeys (onagers?) and llamas. Rodeo is a big deal out here. Young kids compete riding sheep and the older ones compete riding wild horses and bulls even. And believe me, there is no practical reason ever to ride a bull. It's pure show. I wonder if that's how Minoan bull fighting got started. Riding a young colt is a practical challenge though. The steppe people may have thought much the same.
I don't believe that it took hundreds or thousands of years, before people stated riding. I think as soon as they started having foals, some ten year old kid would have started riding.
2.5 Furthermore the closeness of the Digorian genes with the Adygs disspels a notion, precipitated by numerous Türkisms in the Digorian dialect, that Digorians are a Türkic tribe assimilated by the Ossetians. This fact is not wondering, because Digorians claims to be descended from Türkic Alans.
The Ossetian language does have many loans but it's bulk vocabulary is Iranian. And no while Ossetian has been influenced grammaticaly and phoneticly by Caucasian languages it's grammar is very conservative in many ways such as preserving more of the Indo-European case system , verbal prefixes etc. Ossetian xo , Persian xāhar sister, næwæg Ossetic for new in Persian it is now. Red in ossetic is syrx and in Persian sorx. Fire in Ossetic art and in Persian ātaš etc. And you think it is Turkic ?
P2 : We also can see that PIE hade contact with an ancestor language to modern South Caucasian languages and with Uralic languages especialy later early Indo-iranian hade contact with Uralic. This naturaly Indo-European origin to the east. And all current evidence suggest the Eurasian stepp. The domestication of the horse and invention of the wagon and etc was the cultural motor to spread the IE familiy. What is your alternative ? We know that the horse was domesticated in the stepp.
P4 : Hence you have phrater in Ancient Greek and in Sanskrit bhratar and in Latin frater and in Germanic German bruder. They also morphologicaly corrospond Sanskrit bharasi and ancient Greek phereis and Latin fers all meaning you bear. And yes bear is the modern English form of the same root. Regarding your asnine PM's I can tell you French is a romance language and descneds from Latin though regular sound and grammatic corrospondence and change.
4:00 it's not even remotely inconceivable that mass horse archer warfare could develop in a tribal nomadic herder setting. all it takes is rival chiefs to form alliances with other chiefs until you have two armies, one comes out on top and then you have a large experienced unified army with nothing to do. what a weird thing to dismiss off-hand without any kind of explanation. it made me close this youtube video after this comment only a few minutes in, I can't learn anything from a historian who is so dismissive without explanation.
Though I can add. Where you can find Turkic substratum is in for an example Bulgaria that used to speak a Turkic language before it was replaced with a Slavic one during a massive slavicization of the area. How ever this does not concern all of Europe. Proto-Turkic is not that old. Most Turkic are simielar and have substratum in some cases well of languages that used to dominate in a area. The similearity is so high that the spread must have been relativly recent.
You can find in İnternet citation of Italian linguist, historian prof. doc. Mario Alinei : "... Modern archaeology (beginning with Renfrew) has demolished this theory. Moreover, overwhelming linguistic evidence, among which most important is the spread of exclusively Turkic loanword related to horse terminology in all languages of Eastern Europe, both Indo-European and Uralic, shows that horse domestication is a fundamental Turkic innovation".
(4) It is known that the theory about Iranian (or Ossetian) speaking of Scythians, Sarmatians, and Alans was not developed in the objective research, and was created purposefully by tendentious etymologization of Scythian and Sarmatian words, through application of exclusively Indo-Iranian languages. Iranists tenaciously did not admit any other languages to the etymology of these words, not Türkic, or Slavic, or Finno-Ugrian, or Mongolian, whose carriers lived in these territories for centuries.
P1: Don't beat around the bush. Btw. French is a mix of Celtic, Germanic and Latin, in particular of Gallo-Romance and Farankish (Frankish). Anyway, there aren't much differences to so called Altaic actually.
2.2 Instead of flective Ancient Iranian (and respectively Indo-European) system of declination, the agglutinating declination of Ossetian is similar to the neighboring Caucasian languages of the Kartvelian and Eastern Mountaineer groups (V.I.Abaev p.99). In the semantics of the verbal prefixes (pre-verbs) the "Iranian" elements turn out to be filled with Caucasian languages contents (V.I.Abaev p.106).
What is the evidence that Afanasyevo culture people orginate from Eastern Europe rather than in Western Altai region and later they went to Eastern Europe? I can see a bias here."R" haplogroup originates from Siberia in the close proximity of Botai culture and Afanasyevo cultures. Logic says that the "r" haplogroup carriers went to Northern Kazakhistan and Western Altai regions and then they spread to Central Asia and Europe.
"With the help of the Turkic language entirely new perspectives on the Germanic peoples can be explained. Those who learn Turkish, will soonly see where the similarities between this language and the Germans are. Both languages have many grammatical and word-building structures in common. No doubt is possible on the relationship between the Germanic and Turkic peoples." (translated from: Klaus H. Dieckmann, Euralinga: Die türkische Urverwandtschaft, 2008) I don't think you can discredit him.
Give some example in core vocabulary. Ossetics basic vocabulary that follow regular sound shifts is it's Iranian stock. The fact being that Turkic is a recent spread makes your idea more absurd. The first notions of Turks are the Huns and the Bulgar. And the Götütürk. Iranian nomads are known from earlier time because Turkic hade not yet spread to that area by the time.
It is thought that some of Ossetic grammatical cases are reworked into a new agglunative system. No one denies that Ossetic has been influyenced bu Caucasian by it is systematicaly seen as an Iranian language. Proto-Indo-European was spoken most likely 6000 years ago alot can happen during that time. English for one has almost lost most of the typical grammatical Indo-European features but remants exist like possive genetive s' and vowel alteration of sing,sang,sung etc.
P4: Ah yeah ok, so these following guys are Turanian conspearocy theoriests? D.Eribon, G.Dumezil, German Wikipedia, Alexander Häusler, Heinrich Beck, Dierer Geuenich, Heiko Steuer, Brather, Wolfgang P. Schmid, Götz Keydana, Haluk Tarcan, Jens Peter Laut? Not to forget the french Institue "Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique" ;-) You are funny dude :)
Ossetians are Iranian remant since most Iranian speaking groups have assimilated to Turkic and etc. Hell Azerbadjan used to speak Iranian languages like Old Azari which was Iranian. Turkic is a rather recent spread. And that can be seen linguisticly overall the diffrence beetwen all Turkic languages are not that great. Also we are not talking genes but more culture and linguistics. You follow conspearicy theories and belife that the mainstream ''hides the truth''
No I give you the current understanding of how it is. That is not Eurocentric at all. Interestingly your arguments consit mostly about talking about how brainwashed I am or that I am eurocentruc though I spend so much time combating racism. I am for intelectual honesty and presenting what the current evidence show. There is not shred of a Turkic substratum. Turkic spread from the east into Central Asia and started to dominate there. Eventualy reaching Anatolia and Europe.
(Part 2) And so the Scythians, and later their linguistic kins Sarmatians, and specifically one of the Sarmatian tribes, the Alans, spoke an Iranian language akin to the uniquely opposed to the all Indo-European languages Ossetian language, which itself consists of 80% of non Indo-European lexicon. A lovely deduction, isn't it? Go figure that mechanics :)
I do believe that horses were not used for riding for a long time after their domestication. The early horses were small, light and couldn't carry a normal modern european male. The ancient people of the Eurasian Steppe, who are thought to have domesticated the horse, were tall people, 180-190cm was normal. It was simply not reasonable for them to use horses for riding. Although, they probably could have been ridden by teenagers.
The Hungarians whom preserved this couture even up to the 10th century, from the Carpathian base done many campaign around Europe, with up to twenty thousand archer each of them with 3 to 5 horses, they changed the horses often, and the horses was smaller and insufficient demanded....., the British army bought a lots of this smaller horse for the use them in the colony due the extreme conditions in the 19th century....
Yeah, why would those small horses be not able to carry a normal modern european male? Especially since they didn't care about the thoughts of today's veterinarians.
That is not true. You should not listnen to this psudo-science Pan-Turanian nonsese. Digorians refer to a dialect group of Ossetic speakers. Ossetic is a small remant linguisticly of Iranian speakers. Before the spread of Turkic languages in the area. I mean that user even doubt that there ever was Proto-Indo-European speakers. Assumes the age of Proto-Turkic to be way of mark etc. Also despite what some think genes are not super connected to languages.
i agree with everything mostly,except the language...how come these people came from the altay,had kurgan graves,even the map shows turkish,prototurkic names,and their language might still have been protoindoeuropean?later maybe,but not when they first entered into further europe...i claim these people spoke the roots and had common words for turkic languages,hungarian language,maybe finnic and russian too,before slavs entered their linguistic effect.
You can find in İnternet the murderous criticism to David Anthony by Elena İzbitser: Elena İzbitser The İron Curtain and Eurasian archaeology (some notes on “The Horse, the Wheel, and language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World” by David W. Anthony, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007,) // Tyragetia, serie nouã, vol. VI [XXI], nr.1, Arheologie, İstorie Anticã, Chişinãu,2012, c. 65-72
the ones that shaped the world were the Sumerians , that ones spread the farming to Europe the rest is just fascist propaganda , the Sumerians annanaki
Interesting psudoscience linguistic again the Swedish r in ar/er forms and in the the German er form as well comes from Proto-Germanic /z/. In Proto-Norse and Old Norse it became a intermediate ʀ before it merged with the typical r this happend eariler in western dialects of Old Norse. In the west Germanic languages it hade allready pre-historicly already merged with r. And in Gothic that is east Germanic it preserved the original z. Verners law conditionaly transformed PIE s to z
if i wanted to read you article i would do that, but when you do a presentation, please cut it down so more people can follow...even if they are slow...this is like listening to a blaaahhhh.
That is part of Turkish grammar it is a mutation.Grimms law was not how ever Verners Law another Germanic sound shift was. The diffrence is also you cannot use Turkish to form a systematic familiy with an Indo-European language you can with two IE languages. Because the sound laws and morphological laws are mathamaticaly in corrospendence. In fact Verners law was proven by using Sanskrit since the sound law was connected to the Proto-Indo-European accent system that sanskrit hade more preserved
Back to the horse dometication in this video, Botai people from Central Kazakhstan in around 3500BC, has been proved to the first people who domesticated horses. One important evidence is that the mare milk residue was found in container in this site. Fermented mare milk, also called "Kumiss" has been the important diet for Turkic nomadic people for thousands years, and is still the national beverage of Kazakhstan. Have you ever heard any Indo-european people drink mare milk regularily? Culturelly, it was Proto-Turkic people who domesticated horse and the drinking mare milk tradition has been lasted for thousand years, from Botai People 5500 years ago till today in Turkic Nomads like Kazakh people and Kyrkyz people.
LOL Kid, Boitai is connected to the Afanasevo culture and thought to be IE. The Turkish language didn't exist at this time and the IE languages don't use the Turkish word for horse. The most common word for horse is rooted in the word "equus" which is Celtic.
2.7 The popular explanation that the bronze culture of Minusinsk is the work of a peaceful agricultural people of a higher type than the Turk, afterwords destroyed by the invasion of iron culture nomad people, who were, as no one now doubts, Turks, is not based on historical facts. (David Norman Collins, Collected works of M.A. Czaplicka , Band 4, Routledge, 1999, p. 100)
(p1) Präsens: (do, make) French êst-/et- Turkic et German tu English do/to- Finnish do Latvian do Spanish dar Estonian te- Slavic dě- Basque eg- Präteritum: (made, did) Finnish teh-ty Turkic et-ti German tat/mach-TE Spanish -e (irr. form) -> Perfect: -do (irr. form) English -ed Lithuanian -ti (irr. form) Estonian -da (irr. form) Swedish -te/-de (irregular forms) Plural: German -er (irr. form) Swedish -or/-ar/-er (irr. form) Turkic -ar/er, lar/ler psudoscience? you're booooooring xD
✣ ᵀᵊᵑᴿᶤ • Spirit of the Steppe ✣ learn some linguistic, german and spanish and french didnt exist and are kind of modern....like the turkic family as far as we (humans) can tell, so take down your lame comparisons and learn from the beggining without cultural prejudice
The basic vocabulary and prounons seem very Iranian and also as such Indo-European. No one is denying that ossetic is diffrent in many ways and has been influenced by Caucasian languages but it is none the less seen as influence
And I thought you did not like wikipedia but yet you use it yourself. There are a few debate about a few issues and the hardest part is to reconstruct meaning of certain terms that do not have a clear meaning like father because meaning is not as rule bound as change in morphology and phonology. How ever like it or not the familiy is solid proven. Alatic on the other hand is very controversial and even in it's minal form Turkic,Mongolic and Tugnesic it may just be a ancient sprachbound.
Nope my knowlage comes mostly from books. Including from David Anthony but others as well. And you have is like the typical conspearicy theoriest a bunch of claims that modern science and reasearch is somehow plotting a conspearicy against your turanian pan turkic nonsese. As a language familiy there is no doubt in the Indo-European language family it is fully systematicly proven by regular sound shift. i doubt you even know how one works establishing language families.
How is it possible that these people spoke indo-european, when the indo european arrived to europe 4000 bc and pushed the nativ neolitic people to east? The logic is that that these people were not indo europeans but nativ neolitic europeans who were pushed to east by the arriving indo-ezropeans.
As a boy that grew up with animals, we "threw ourselves" on everything we could for a ride. Dogs, goats, sheep, horses, cattle, didn't matter we tried to ride it. When I made it to the ocean as an early teenager, I learned to run and jump off docks to land onto the backs of migrating leapord sharks to get an underwater ride. Part of the nature of a wild boy is to ride a wild animal.
I totally agree! 💯... My only issue was the way he dismissed the fact that neolithic man may have had the thought of riding horses. What's the word he used?? Suicidal??
Todd Gardner * What a brave boy!! You must have had so much fun 😁. Thank you, I enjoyed your story, God Bless you and your family, in Jesus' name 🤗
Todd do you have a brother named Joey? Cause I know another Gardner with some similar stories and thought processes.
Can hurt an animal’s spine that way.
I wish there would be more stuff in media about the tribes of eurasia and central asia like the scythians, yuezhi, turkics or huns in books, movies etc
It wouldn't be politically correct.
@@chrisnewbury3793And why that?
@@vonschmoth441 Because people are weak-minded. They were Aryans.
Wonderful lecture w mastery of the material and a marvelous gift for clarity
Made all the more amazing. Being delivered in one breath.
great lecture! clears things up a lot
Exelent video.
David W. Anthony work has done alot for Indo-European studies and archeology.
Might a better word to describe these pasturalists' vehicles be 'caravan' (as in a Romany caravan rather than a group of camels) instead of 'wagon'. When I first heard the word 'wagon' linked to these people I imagined a vehicle used to transport heavy items from A to B but this talk has opened my eyes to the idea that they were actually mobile living spaces - which makes much more sense. If you are a pasturalist you are going to have a minimal number of posessions, the biggest of which are probably the components of your shelter (e.g. yurt) which you have to take with you because they are not easily replaceable. So a 'wagon' seems overkill for their transport. However, if you are frequently moving, a caravan' is a great idea because it saves you all the calories of continually unpacking and repacking your e.g. yurt...
Around 29:00. Kent mountain region of kazakhstan. There is "ergenekon legend" about a small refugee group, from a defeated clan, took shalter in a land hidden between montains. Group stays there for generations, become a strong nation/horde again and defeat their former enemy. Places like Kent mountain may be one of the inspirations for this legend.
maybe the kids were riding the sheep and the men tried to ride the bigger horses they hunted is how it started. the first man or woman who got on the back of a horse and rode back to town 100 times faster must have made quite the impression on the clan.
The horse is also thought to have been domesticated twice. It was domesticated first by the Botai, and then by the Indo-European Yamna peoples.
Yes kids ride sheep in wales to this daaaay and some dodgey old fellas..
I find the simplest explanation being the most simple. Horses then were small, as przewalski horses are today, and if they were already semi domesticated it is not hard to assume that people would try to ride the calfs as a joke, as kids today try riding a big dog. Imagine a calf being used to it. There you have it, now you know how to ride a horse.
As a forest zone dweller - I reject the cattle and sheep herding of my steppe cousins! And shall remain a forager for at least another 2000 years! … ( lets face it - I'll never look cool on a chariot ).
You should fake it till you make it man.
You'll lose out bad to unintended but supreme fuel for military domination: biological warfare from developing partial immunities to animal borne, species hopping diseases
I have some enticingly shiny bracelets and the like here. You know you want them!
@@johnmatthews723 Gimme!!! 😉
Excellent presentation on the Proto-Indo-Europeans.
I thought it was a presentation on Riding and on Bronze Age Pastoralism. The thrust was not on the language family, but on the occupation of humans in various regions of Asia and Europe. Conflating this with the theories surrounding the language families leads to comments like those of @Jonathan Sutcliffe.
@JONATHAN SUTCLIFFE Please look at the dates of the (probably) Tocharian-speaking people whose mummies are found in the Tarim. It is difficult to understand how that branch, that never ventured west, is now equated to people of European stock.
@@indrajitgupta3280 It's not that hard to figure out how Indo-European-speaking peoples came to the Tarim. They had horses, and went east.
@JONATHAN SUTCLIFFE LOL. You do realise that 'European' people became European people on getting into Europe, and that, as Homo Sapiens, they were not particularly European.
Regarding your 'Viking' friend probably a Roman masking as a Viking, and his story of a Roman legion 'stationed' in northern China many, many years ago, and the age of the mummies, do please consider the following, even if just as a joke: 'Viking' was a profession, or an occupation, not a race; even externally, very, very few Romans would have been able to 'pass off' as a Viking, typically those being from Denmark, Norway, and Iceland, and even some from Sweden; the story of the 'lost' Roman legion is a piece of fantasy based on the possibility that one of Crassus' legions might have been captured intact, and banished to the neighbouring power of the Parthians, into northern China - a total fantasy except for imaginative movies and RUclips videos.
About the mummies, they are most reliably the remains of a people speaking a tongue called Tocharian. These people existed in those parts approximately a millennium before the Romans, whose eastern adventures did not commence earlier than around 100 BC.
About the trading and knowledge of other people, a good point, and the Phoenicians were good examples of that, as well as sundry Greeks, who, as traders, sailors and plain adventurers, ended up in remote corners of the Achaemenid Empire (the one destroyed by Alexander III of Macedon); there is little connection with either the Tocharians (who had disappeared by the time the Persians and their predecessor Medes consolidated their state), or the Romans (who landed up long after the destruction of the Achaemenid Empire, and clashed with the successors to the successors of the Achaemenids), or the Vikings, who interacted with the Roman world AFTER the fall of the western Roman Empire in 476 AD.
From your answer, you have an interesting voyage of discovery in front of you. Good luck.
@@CassandraPantaristi Not Indo-European, dear Sir; proto-European was the term used.
Excellent presentation! :) Interesting that you indicate that horses were large enough to ride in the bronze age one, always hears that they had to pul chariots as they had in Egypt prior to being ridden because they were too small.
Those horses were in fact significantly smaller than a big pony (as defined by fei rules) today.
Excellent.
P2 :
After the "First Germanic Sound Shift" (Grimm's law), Germanic p, t, k became f, th, ch (h), and b, d, g became p, t, k. After the "Second Germanic consonant shift" (High German consonant shift) b, d, g became v, dh, g. In the Turkic (i.e. Turkish) we have similar sound shifts, but less in number: vocalic endings p, t, k, ç (tsch), nk become b, d, g, c (dsch), ng. Example: köpe-k- (dog), köpe-ğ-imiz (our dog).
@JONATHAN SUTCLIFFE It has its own language family (Turkic) which is hypothesized to be distantly related to Indo-European.
@JONATHAN SUTCLIFFE I believe Basque has an etruscan heritage
@JONATHAN SUTCLIFFE I'm no expert but I've read that basque and Catalan both come from etruscan,which was a pre indo European language, if you are interested in the subject look up pre Roman Italy and Tuscany Catalan Basque, it's all very interesting.
@JONATHAN SUTCLIFFE Basque an isolate
@@steveholmes3471 evidence?
No it has not been debunked.
Pan-Turkic nationalist nonense is though. Current evidence show that A Indo-European languages spread from the Eurasian stepp. And it was invention of Horse riding that boosted this expansion. When all ancient Indo-speaking groups hade horses and the horse was inportant in there culture. Words about horses, wheels, wagons, taming of horses can be reconstructed for the Proto-Indo-European language.
Excellent presentation on the lost tribes of Israel and what happened to them.
2.3
The number of loanwords from major Near Eastern Asian languages, Arabian, Persian, Turkic and Georgian also reaches 800 (20 %).
What would show up in the archeological record, what would be preserved if cattle and sheep were used exclusively for blood or milk and not for meat? This is common practice in herding cultures that exist today.
Scientists can do isotopic analysis of food residue form inside pots.
P3 : By regular sound shift and corrospondence that is mathamatical we can see that A they have a common origin and B if we shift that does sound changes back words we can to an extent reconstruct a proto language. Latin initial f, Ancient Greek ph, Germanic b and Sanskrit bh all goes back to the Proto-Indo-European bh, In Germanic it lost it's asperiation, in ancient Greek it lost it's voicing and in Latin it both lost it's voicing and became a fricative.
The blood group of the man in the picture at the end would be interesting.
Burials at Xiaohe Cemetary in the same province, in the Tarim Basin, are an R1a Y-DNA admixture.
Just like those located at Ördek's Necropolis.
(Part 3)
It is outstanding that every link in the Iranian-Scythian theory is either a fraud or a blunder. The Ossetians are not Alans, and it is not Ossetians who could have spread blood group type B to the border between Scotland and England, or to the Northern Africa, or to Normandy. If you do not have it in your veins, you can't bring it over, too bad.
From this comment section I can glean that the importantt hing here is not the development of horseback riding and bronze age pastoralism in the Eurasian Steppes but what current day culture can trace its origin to a particular set of horse hunters.
Most significant group in history.
Botai people are Proto Turks. Kazakhs are one who saved nomadic lifestyle with steppe spirit. Which you can see from the Mongolian Kazakhs.
Thanks! Very interesting!
27:31 - That's the most surprising part! Didn't know there were relatives of pre-Slavic people living near lake Baikal!
?? How did you get that? There were references to life-style and occupations; there were references to grave remains; there were implied references to language and the spread of languages. What more was there that allowed this conclusion?
@@indrajitgupta3280 I imagine it's the genetic results from the other individuals presumably descendants from Afanasievo linked to modern Eastern Europeans.
Great stuff
Words clear on projecter. Voice is too low. Cant even hear clear what he said. Could anyone help to upload again?
Nothing really on the P-I-E… Impossible to determine language from physique or DNA…
Theodore Rule of Law who said that you get the language from genetics or archaelogical evidence. you dont understand how these researchers try to tie the different subjects. its very difficult to do it well but very rewarding. they are the first people interested in being coherent so they wont be laughed at. As i am laughing at your comment. but i dont expect that you will understand this ever...
fascinating talk, thank you. D.A., J.D., NYC
There is no evidence for massive Turkic substratum.. as said Turkic is a rather recent spread. Proto-Turkic cannot be shown to be a IE language group. It is a diffrent family. But I do not see where the problem is ? This is just want the linguistic evidence show, I mean it is not discrimination to call the Basque a language isolate when it is. Some Pan Arabist like to claim that Arabic has always been in existence and in worse that Arabic was always spoken in Egypt an etc. Crap and nonsesne.
More recently the Tarim mummies have been tested and are more closely related to Ancient North Eurasians and not Yamnaya.
It’s nice they hired Eugene Levy to narrate
(Part 5)
Summarizing impartially all historical data based on real historical grounds, it is not difficult to suggest that Huns at first were an undistinguished Türkic people among Türkic Scythians and Sarmatians.
What was the DNA of these mummies.? My maternal haplogroup was H6a1b2 , 8000 to 3500 yrs ago in the altay mtns then traveled to Ireland red hair and green eyes
Check out survivethejive RUclips channel. He just covered all of these mummies in china and their genetics.
37:33 These maps are fascinating
indeed tha tribes at the time got already printers , very advanced
Step, Nomad, Horse/Horse milk-meat eaters/Horse riders, Trousers, Kurgan/human+horse burials culture is a protoTurk (Cimmerian, Scythian, Sak, Sarmatian, Massaget, Thracian/Frakian, Hun, Alan, Avar, Bulgar, Magyar, Peceneg, Khazar...) culture from Altai to the Danube
Not all that you mention are the same
@@veronicalogotheti5416 all the same...
No Proto-Turkic hade not even split by 4000 BC and especialy not by 9000 BC the diffrence among Turkic language would be much bigger at large if it where the case.
When one reconstructs Proto-Indo-European one can get cultural and enviormemtal clues on where it was spoken and it corrospond with the stepp. PIE hade vocab for horses and wagons and flaura and fauna typical of the stepp. And with the spread of wagons and the domestic horse we see the spread of Indo-European languages.
Horse meat popular during the Vedic period, seems to have revived during the contemporary 20 th century horse meat eating frenzy, both in America and European fast food industry (burgers).
You’re thinking of IKEA, not fast food.
Horse meat is good and sweet, no good Ragut without horse meat.
All you have to do is listen to thus guys voice and you know the data is legit when it comes to bronze age pastoralism
Not all Americans talk like this, right? Due to sinus cavity size or shape maybe is the reason? Oh man
Topgun 22 no. He sounds very nasally.
Anally repressed!
Mid-₩estern accent
P2 : The Indo-European language familiy is the most studies and most solid proven family and ones proves linguistic families on linguistics alone. The idea of the Indo-European is not Euro centrism there has been similear theories even before but it got root Sir Wiliam Jones who studies Sanskrit and noticed that is systematicaly the same as Latin and Ancient Greek grammaticaly and structerly to the level they hade to come from a common source.
Elena İzbitser The İron Curtain and Eurasian archaeology (some notes on “The Horse, the Wheel, and language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World” by David W. Anthony, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007,)
@@mkelkar1look at septarishis, and kashyapan and danu
look at septarishis, and kashyapan and danu
Maybe the domestication of the horse was a answer to a inferior cattle or sheep's. Especially towards the husbandry
Thanks for putting this together for us. I see this happening here in the state of Nevada. Feral horses are common and regarded as a pest by cattle growers (bovid and sheep), but the horses do just fine on their own. But don't you think that back then horses might first have been found useful as pack animals like donkeys (onagers?) and llamas.
Rodeo is a big deal out here. Young kids compete riding sheep and the older ones compete riding wild horses and bulls even. And believe me, there is no practical reason ever to ride a bull. It's pure show. I wonder if that's how Minoan bull fighting got started. Riding a young colt is a practical challenge though. The steppe people may have thought much the same.
Guy at the end asking about goats? After such a brilliant talk all he wanted to know was what happened to the goat lol, what a freak.
Honest scholarship
Dude love u r avatar. This dude was extremely bland with great work. The 2 don't mix.
I don't believe that it took hundreds or thousands of years, before people stated riding. I think as soon as they started having foals, some ten year old kid would have started riding.
Academics like him likely didn't grow up on farms.
Perhaps a child but from what I understand wild horses were much smaller than today
Ok my friend...
2.5
Furthermore the closeness of the Digorian genes with the Adygs disspels a notion, precipitated by numerous Türkisms in the Digorian dialect, that Digorians are a Türkic tribe assimilated by the Ossetians. This fact is not wondering, because Digorians claims to be descended from Türkic Alans.
The Ossetian language does have many loans but it's bulk vocabulary is Iranian. And no while Ossetian has been influenced grammaticaly and phoneticly by Caucasian languages it's grammar is very conservative in many ways such as preserving more of the Indo-European case system , verbal prefixes etc. Ossetian xo , Persian xāhar sister, næwæg Ossetic for new in Persian it is now. Red in ossetic is syrx and in Persian sorx. Fire in Ossetic art and in Persian ātaš etc. And you think it is Turkic ?
Thank you
P2 : We also can see that PIE hade contact with an ancestor language to modern South Caucasian languages and with Uralic languages especialy later early Indo-iranian hade contact with Uralic.
This naturaly Indo-European origin to the east. And all current evidence suggest the Eurasian stepp. The domestication of the horse and invention of the wagon and etc was the cultural motor to spread the IE familiy. What is your alternative ? We know that the horse was domesticated in the stepp.
P4 : Hence you have phrater in Ancient Greek and in Sanskrit bhratar and in Latin frater and in Germanic German bruder. They also morphologicaly corrospond Sanskrit bharasi and ancient Greek phereis and Latin fers all meaning you bear. And yes bear is the modern English form of the same root.
Regarding your asnine PM's I can tell you French is a romance language and descneds from Latin though regular sound and grammatic corrospondence and change.
They are Alans they call themselves Alans. It is there cultural herriatge
I know an Alan, he can't even mount a horse.
4:00 it's not even remotely inconceivable that mass horse archer warfare could develop in a tribal nomadic herder setting. all it takes is rival chiefs to form alliances with other chiefs until you have two armies, one comes out on top and then you have a large experienced unified army with nothing to do. what a weird thing to dismiss off-hand without any kind of explanation. it made me close this youtube video after this comment only a few minutes in, I can't learn anything from a historian who is so dismissive without explanation.
Though I can add. Where you can find Turkic substratum is in for an example Bulgaria that used to speak a Turkic language before it was replaced with a Slavic one during a massive slavicization of the area. How ever this does not concern all of Europe. Proto-Turkic is not that old. Most Turkic are simielar and have substratum in some cases well of languages that used to dominate in a area. The similearity is so high that the spread must have been relativly recent.
My Genome link has a hit onnSteppe pastoralists
Note also IE languages are not better or more special than any other. They just spread to a very large area. Note you it is pure linguistics.
This guy's voice has a lot of Professor Frink in it.
NDRonin1401 lol
You can find in İnternet citation of Italian linguist, historian prof. doc. Mario Alinei : "... Modern archaeology (beginning with Renfrew) has demolished this theory. Moreover, overwhelming linguistic evidence, among which most important is the spread of exclusively Turkic loanword related to horse terminology in all languages of Eastern Europe, both Indo-European and Uralic, shows that horse domestication is a fundamental Turkic innovation".
Aydin Ashkarli Renfrew is no longer taken as guide for this question, its him who got dumped, and with reason
(4)
It is known that the theory about Iranian (or Ossetian) speaking of Scythians, Sarmatians, and Alans was not developed in the objective research, and was created purposefully by tendentious etymologization of Scythian and Sarmatian words, through application of exclusively Indo-Iranian languages. Iranists tenaciously did not admit any other languages to the etymology of these words, not Türkic, or Slavic, or Finno-Ugrian, or Mongolian, whose carriers lived in these territories for centuries.
P1:
Don't beat around the bush.
Btw. French is a mix of Celtic, Germanic and Latin, in particular of Gallo-Romance and Farankish (Frankish).
Anyway, there aren't much differences to so called Altaic actually.
2.2
Instead of flective Ancient Iranian (and respectively Indo-European) system of declination, the agglutinating declination of Ossetian is similar to the neighboring Caucasian languages of the Kartvelian and Eastern Mountaineer groups (V.I.Abaev p.99). In the semantics of the verbal prefixes (pre-verbs) the "Iranian" elements turn out to be filled with Caucasian languages contents (V.I.Abaev p.106).
No French is a Romance languages influenced by Germanic and Celtic that where spoken before Romanisation.
He keeps adding a suffix to "neolithic" that sounds like "E-neolithic". I've not heard this term before and am not sure what it means. Any help?
I dipped !
What is the evidence that Afanasyevo culture people orginate from Eastern Europe rather than in Western Altai region and later they went to Eastern Europe? I can see a bias here."R" haplogroup originates from Siberia in the close proximity of Botai culture and Afanasyevo cultures. Logic says that the "r" haplogroup carriers went to Northern Kazakhistan and Western Altai regions and then they spread to Central Asia and Europe.
Of south siberia region
"With the help of the Turkic language entirely new perspectives on the Germanic peoples can be explained. Those who learn Turkish, will soonly see where the similarities between this language and the Germans are. Both languages have many grammatical and word-building structures in common. No doubt is possible on the relationship between the Germanic and Turkic peoples." (translated from: Klaus H. Dieckmann, Euralinga: Die türkische Urverwandtschaft, 2008)
I don't think you can discredit him.
Rubbish
Give some example in core vocabulary. Ossetics basic vocabulary that follow regular sound shifts is it's Iranian stock. The fact being that Turkic is a recent spread makes your idea more absurd. The first notions of Turks are the Huns and the Bulgar. And the Götütürk. Iranian nomads are known from earlier time because Turkic hade not yet spread to that area by the time.
It is thought that some of Ossetic grammatical cases are reworked into a new agglunative system. No one denies that Ossetic has been influyenced bu Caucasian by it is systematicaly seen as an Iranian language. Proto-Indo-European was spoken most likely 6000 years ago alot can happen during that time. English for one has almost lost most of the typical grammatical Indo-European features but remants exist like possive genetive s' and vowel alteration of sing,sang,sung etc.
P4:
Ah yeah ok, so these following guys are Turanian conspearocy theoriests?
D.Eribon, G.Dumezil, German Wikipedia, Alexander Häusler, Heinrich Beck, Dierer Geuenich, Heiko Steuer, Brather, Wolfgang P. Schmid, Götz Keydana, Haluk Tarcan, Jens Peter Laut? Not to forget the french Institue "Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique" ;-)
You are funny dude :)
ritual currency was kush hemp, and hasis=tömjén
butchering animal is not festivál its bál=boil
Ossetians are Iranian remant since most Iranian speaking groups have assimilated to Turkic and etc. Hell Azerbadjan used to speak Iranian languages like Old Azari which was Iranian. Turkic is a rather recent spread. And that can be seen linguisticly overall the diffrence beetwen all Turkic languages are not that great. Also we are not talking genes but more culture and linguistics. You follow conspearicy theories and belife that the mainstream ''hides the truth''
FA-cet, not fa-CET.
No I give you the current understanding of how it is. That is not Eurocentric at all. Interestingly your arguments consit mostly about talking about how brainwashed I am or that I am eurocentruc though I spend so much time combating racism.
I am for intelectual honesty and presenting what the current evidence show.
There is not shred of a Turkic substratum. Turkic spread from the east into Central Asia and started to dominate there. Eventualy reaching Anatolia and Europe.
Eopyk like your point of view, research and truth, thats it.
What is a DNA 🧬?
(Part 2)
And so the Scythians, and later their linguistic kins Sarmatians, and specifically one of the Sarmatian tribes, the Alans, spoke an Iranian language akin to the uniquely opposed to the all Indo-European languages Ossetian language, which itself consists of 80% of non Indo-European lexicon. A lovely deduction, isn't it? Go figure that mechanics :)
I do believe that horses were not used for riding for a long time after their domestication. The early horses were small, light and couldn't carry a normal modern european male. The ancient people of the Eurasian Steppe, who are thought to have domesticated the horse, were tall people, 180-190cm was normal. It was simply not reasonable for them to use horses for riding. Although, they probably could have been ridden by teenagers.
they ate the horses mostly
....
The Hungarians whom preserved this couture even up to the 10th century, from the Carpathian base done many campaign around Europe, with up to twenty thousand archer each of them with 3 to 5 horses, they changed the horses often, and the horses was smaller and insufficient demanded....., the British army bought a lots of this smaller horse for the use them in the colony due the extreme conditions in the 19th century....
Yeah, why would those small horses be not able to carry a normal modern european male? Especially since they didn't care about the thoughts of today's veterinarians.
That is not true. You should not listnen to this psudo-science Pan-Turanian nonsese. Digorians refer to a dialect group of Ossetic speakers. Ossetic is a small remant linguisticly of Iranian speakers. Before the spread of Turkic languages in the area. I mean that user even doubt that there ever was Proto-Indo-European speakers. Assumes the age of Proto-Turkic to be way of mark etc. Also despite what some think genes are not super connected to languages.
i agree with everything mostly,except the language...how come these people came from the altay,had kurgan graves,even the map shows turkish,prototurkic names,and their language might still have been protoindoeuropean?later maybe,but not when they first entered into further europe...i claim these people spoke the roots and had common words for turkic languages,hungarian language,maybe finnic and russian too,before slavs entered their linguistic effect.
European people.! 👌 100% Fact Amazing..
You can find in İnternet the murderous criticism to David Anthony by Elena İzbitser:
Elena İzbitser The İron Curtain and Eurasian archaeology (some notes on “The Horse, the Wheel, and language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World” by David W. Anthony, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007,) // Tyragetia, serie nouã, vol. VI [XXI], nr.1, Arheologie, İstorie Anticã, Chişinãu,2012, c. 65-72
the ones that shaped the world were the Sumerians , that ones spread the farming to Europe the rest is just fascist propaganda , the Sumerians annanaki
Interesting psudoscience linguistic again the Swedish r in ar/er forms and in the the German er form as well comes from Proto-Germanic /z/. In Proto-Norse and Old Norse it became a intermediate ʀ before it merged with the typical r this happend eariler in western dialects of Old Norse. In the west Germanic languages it hade allready pre-historicly already merged with r. And in Gothic that is east Germanic it preserved the original z. Verners law conditionaly transformed PIE s to z
This dude sounds like Ian Malcolm
if i wanted to read you article i would do that, but when you do a presentation, please cut it down so more people can follow...even if they are slow...this is like listening to a blaaahhhh.
That is part of Turkish grammar it is a mutation.Grimms law was not how ever Verners Law another Germanic sound shift was. The diffrence is also you cannot use Turkish to form a systematic familiy with an Indo-European language you can with two IE languages. Because the sound laws and morphological laws are mathamaticaly in corrospendence. In fact Verners law was proven by using Sanskrit since the sound law was connected to the Proto-Indo-European accent system that sanskrit hade more preserved
Back to the horse dometication in this video, Botai people from Central Kazakhstan in around 3500BC, has been proved to the first people who domesticated horses. One important evidence is that the mare milk residue was found in container in this site. Fermented mare milk, also called "Kumiss" has been the important diet for Turkic nomadic people for thousands years, and is still the national beverage of Kazakhstan. Have you ever heard any Indo-european people drink mare milk regularily? Culturelly, it was Proto-Turkic people who domesticated horse and the drinking mare milk tradition has been lasted for thousand years, from Botai People 5500 years ago till today in Turkic Nomads like Kazakh people and Kyrkyz people.
Your comment is incorrect. Read up on horse domestication.
Burhan the Somali What he's saying is that the Botai culture is Turkish. It's not.
LOL Kid, Boitai is connected to the Afanasevo culture and thought to be IE. The Turkish language didn't exist at this time and the IE languages don't use the Turkish word for horse. The most common word for horse is rooted in the word "equus" which is Celtic.
What evidence is there to suggest that the Afanasevo Culture was 'Indo-European'?
Everybody looks cool on a chariot, CusterFlux…
What chariots? Where??
2.7
The popular explanation that the bronze culture of Minusinsk is the work of a peaceful agricultural people of a higher type than the Turk, afterwords destroyed by the invasion of iron culture nomad people, who were, as no one now doubts, Turks, is not based on historical facts. (David Norman Collins, Collected works of M.A. Czaplicka , Band 4, Routledge, 1999, p. 100)
Because many nationalist have there own science which is not science..... but psudo science.
hmm, his tailored clothing did not seem 4,000 years old
I have heard similar things about the iceman Ötzi.
You are living in a big dream.
(p1)
Präsens: (do, make)
French êst-/et-
Turkic et
German tu
English do/to-
Finnish do
Latvian do
Spanish dar
Estonian te-
Slavic dě-
Basque eg-
Präteritum: (made, did)
Finnish teh-ty
Turkic et-ti
German tat/mach-TE
Spanish -e (irr. form) -> Perfect: -do (irr. form)
English -ed
Lithuanian -ti (irr. form)
Estonian -da (irr. form)
Swedish -te/-de (irregular forms)
Plural:
German -er (irr. form)
Swedish -or/-ar/-er (irr. form)
Turkic -ar/er, lar/ler
psudoscience? you're booooooring xD
✣ ᵀᵊᵑᴿᶤ • Spirit of the Steppe ✣ learn some linguistic, german and spanish and french didnt exist and are kind of modern....like the turkic family as far as we (humans) can tell, so take down your lame comparisons and learn from the beggining without cultural prejudice
Very low quality video...
The basic vocabulary and prounons seem very Iranian and also as such Indo-European.
No one is denying that ossetic is diffrent in many ways and has been influenced by Caucasian languages but it is none the less seen as influence
Makes me laugh how Americans call it horse BACK riding! Where else would you sit?! 🤣 Just call it horse riding.... 😆
And I thought you did not like wikipedia but yet you use it yourself. There are a few debate about a few issues and the hardest part is to reconstruct meaning of certain terms that do not have a clear meaning like father because meaning is not as rule bound as change in morphology and phonology. How ever like it or not the familiy is solid proven. Alatic on the other hand is very controversial and even in it's minal form Turkic,Mongolic and Tugnesic it may just be a ancient sprachbound.
*BCE
Nope my knowlage comes mostly from books. Including from David Anthony but others as well.
And you have is like the typical conspearicy theoriest a bunch of claims that modern science and reasearch is somehow plotting a conspearicy against your turanian pan turkic nonsese. As a language familiy there is no doubt in the Indo-European language family it is fully systematicly proven by regular sound shift. i doubt you even know how one works establishing language families.
How is it possible that these people spoke indo-european, when the indo european arrived to europe 4000 bc and pushed the nativ neolitic people to east?
The logic is that that these people were not indo europeans but nativ neolitic europeans who were pushed to east by the arriving indo-ezropeans.
MrFefefofo PIE was introduced by northern steppe people about 7000 years ago
Colin Renfrew theory probably wrong