Dark Matter Explained: What Exactly is Dark Matter? | A Beginner’s Guide to Dark Matter
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- Опубликовано: 1 июн 2024
- Dark matter is an invisible matter that occupies more than half of the space of the observable universe but cannot be detected directly as it doesn’t interact with electromagnetic radiation, like visible light and gamma rays. One of the greatest challenges that astral scientists and researchers face before they can fully understand the universe is so-called "dark matter." Originally called the ‘missing matter’, dark matter is the name given to particles that don’t absorb or emit light, making them impossible to detect through observing electromagnetic radiation.
Think of it this way-how do you see or observe something in your everyday life?
You are able to see things because visible light, a type of electromagnetic radiation, bounces off objects around you and then reaches your eyes. All celestial bodies interact with electromagnetic radiation, including visible light, radio waves, gamma rays, and the rest. More notably, they alter the way radiation travels around them, which is how we detect far-off galaxies hiding billions upon billions of miles away.
But dark matter cannot be observed this way, because it doesn’t interact with electromagnetic radiation. Check out this video to learn more about dark matter, how was it first discovered and how is it detected now.
#science #animation #darkmatter
References:
www.nap.edu/read/10079/chapter/7
ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/S...
luxdarkmatter.org/
www.cns.umass.edu/news-events...
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Dark matter is an interesting astronomical topic. I've gone through much information. Good that I too got more information about this in Science ABC too😀
Glad you enjoyed it!
Dark matter is the part of our minds/universe, we’ve yet to light up!! Galaxy 🌌
Gravity is memory!! 🐘 🐾 🥁
Inception is based on a true story!! 📺
We’re living in a dream world 🌎 😴
Planting seeds in each others minds!! 🌱
Let’s create heaven on earth!! 👼
Galaxy collisions!! 🌌
Twin flame connections!! 🔥 🔥
Superheroes!! Super pets!! Super foods!! Everything is awesome!!🤩
One of the best scientific channel out on RUclips
I love how you used the Family Guy living room and the cyanide and explosm figurines all mashed together. 😀👍👏👏
Thanks for being so amazing! Always support you 🙏🙏❤️❤️👍👍
This is not my comment but my smart friends. Anyway he says dark energy is the repellent effect created by the essence of cold. Even a glass of ice tea can be seen to push the vapor away. So at absolute zero it is magnified and is pushing space apart and at same time pushing and holding galaxy together because they are surrounded by empty space at absolute zero and it's no magic invisible matter but from outside the galaxy cold is pushing and holding them together and also causing expansion at same time. The repellent effect of cold space is the answer. So look outside the box or galaxy not inside for the answer . What y'all think about this? His name Daryle btw
Dark matter is the part of our minds/universe, we’ve yet to light up!! Galaxy 🌌
Gravity is memory!! 🐘 🐾 🥁
Inception is based on a true story!! 📺
We’re living in a dream world 🌎 😴
Planting seeds in each others minds!! 🌱
Let’s create heaven on earth!! 👼
Galaxy collisions!! 🌌
Twin flame connections!! 🔥 🔥
Superheroes!! Super pets!! Super foods!! Everything is awesome!!🤩
Dark matter is like a barrier
Terminologies cause to much confusion. 2 staps forward 3 steps back. Get the idea to grow with you from discussion with others of the same mindset.
Basic schooling you say discuss but we don't our minds weren't ready but they are now with our new method x
Such a diverse topic explained with such simplicity and ease . Thankyou Science ABC!
Einstein was right when he said "if you can't explain it simply you don't understand it well enough". Thanks again
Great Video
Glad you enjoyed it
Dark matter is the part of our minds/universe, we’ve yet to light up!! Galaxy 🌌
Gravity is memory!! 🐘 🐾 🥁
Inception is based on a true story!! 📺
We’re living in a dream world 🌎 😴
Planting seeds in each others minds!! 🌱
Let’s create heaven on earth!! 👼
Galaxy collisions!! 🌌
Twin flame connections!! 🔥 🔥
Superheroes!! Super pets!! Super foods!! Everything is awesome!!🤩
Your explanation is very easy to understand!
Thank you for posting great videos ‼️‼️💯💯♥️♥️
You are so welcome
Love this channel ❤️
Combine:
1. cosmological constant in Dx = lp^2/λ = lp^2 n. Then n = ( 10^-52 / 10^ 70) = 10^18
2. schrodinger solution
3. Planck E= h f= h n
4. n = number of superpositions per m^2
And you get dark matter = WIMP
n^2 h^2 / ( 8 m L^2) = h n
m = 0.3313 10^18 10^-34 = 0.3313 10^-16 kg ( all superpositions).
1 particle = 0.331 10^-16 / ( 0.4 10^18) = 0.828 10^-34 kg = 46 eV
If you count only the positive wave function amplitudes: n = 10^9
then dark matter = WIMP
m = 46 GeV
Wrong
@@edp8301 you are right, herewith an update
Combine:
1) Einstein, cosmological constant
2) Time Independent Schrödinger Equation
3) Schrödinger solution
4) Einstein, E = m c^2
Result:
- vacuum catastrophe solved?
combine these 4 formula and you get a value for ƐΛ (vacuum energy density = DE) which is the same as measured.
Einstein, cosmological constant
Λ = (8π 𝐺 ƐΛ)/(𝑐^4)
Λ =(8π 6.67408 10^−11 [𝑚^3 𝑘𝑔^−1 𝑠^−2] ƐΛ [𝑚^−1 𝑘𝑔 𝑠^−2])/((2.9979 10^8)^4 [𝑚^4 𝑠−4])
{ } is the value, units have disappeared
Λ = (8π 6.67408 10^−11 { ƐΛ}) / ( (2.99792458 10^8)^4 [𝑚^2])
Λ /(8π 8.26244510−45 {ƐΛ} ) = 1 [𝑚^-2 ]
Time Independent Schrödinger Equation
𝑑^2ψ/𝑑𝑥^2 + (8π^2 𝑚 (𝐸−𝑉(x)) ψ) / ℎ^2 = 0
𝑑^2ψ/𝑑𝑥^2 + (8π^2 𝑚 [kg] (𝐸−𝑉(x)) ψ) [𝑚^2 𝑘𝑔 𝑠^−2] / (4.39048 10−67 [𝑚^4 𝑘𝑔^2 𝑠^−2])=0
𝑑^2ψ/𝑑𝑥^2 + (8π^2 𝑚 (𝐸−𝑉(x)) ψ) / (4.39048 10^−67 [𝑚^2])=0
(𝑑^2ψ/𝑑𝑥^2 4.3904810^−67) / (8π^2 𝑚 (𝐸−𝑉(x)) ψ) + 1 [𝑚^-2] =0
1 [𝑚^-2] = - (𝑑^2ψ/𝑑𝑥^2 4.3904810^−67) / (8π^2 𝑚 (𝐸−𝑉(x)) ψ)
Einstein, Cosmological Constant = Time Independent Schrödinger Equation
Λ /(8π 8.2624452818656 10^−45 {ƐΛ} ) = 1 [𝑚^-2 ] = - (𝑑^2ψ/𝑑𝑥^2 4.390480563272 10^−67) / (8π^2 𝑚 (𝐸−𝑉(x)) ψ)
1.101 10^−52 8π^2 𝑚 (𝐸−𝑉(x))
ψ = 8π 8.2624452818656 10^−45 {-ƐΛ} 𝑑^2ψ/𝑑𝑥^2 4.390480563272 10^−67
3.0350556858312 10^58 π 𝑚 (𝐸−𝑉(x)) ψ = {-ƐΛ} 𝑑^2ψ/𝑑𝑥^2
Schrödinger solution, V=0, L=1, n=1
(3.0350556858312 10^58 π 𝑚 (ℎ^2 𝑛^2 𝜋^2)) / (4𝜋^2 2𝑚𝐿^2) = {ƐΛ}
(3.0350556858312 10^58 π 4.390480563272 10^−67 ) / 8 = {ƐΛ}
(5.232854 10^−9 ) = {ƐΛ} = same as measured, vacuum catastrophe solved?
@@edp8301 bahahahaha! Im dead 😵
It has been explained very well! Thank you.
Glad it was helpful!
for detecting dark matter, might there be a way to block light and other electromagnetic waves to try to measure dark matter?
Great Channel
Thanks for ur great explanation👌👌
Welcome 😊
Hmm, we know dark matter exists because it affects ordinary matter. Interesting video by the way.
Great video for beginner❤️
Glad you liked it 😊
I also have a video on dark matter, but its more for relaxing to... can fall asleep to it kinda vibe. I cant really make graphics like you can.. the graphics are really well done
Thanks great video.
Glad you liked it!
Interesting video.
I love it.
You are just so great
thanks a lot
He also says that this explains both dark energy and matter and its not even missing matter but an effect of cold thats causing both. Does anyone have something to contribute to this?
There is a clear explanation for dark matter. General Relativity predicts dilation, not singularities. In the 1939 journal "Annals of Mathematics" Einstein wrote -
"The essential result of this investigation is a clear understanding as to why the Schwarzchild singularities (Schwarzchild was the first to raise the issue of General Relativity predicting singularities) do not exist in physical reality. Although the theory given here treats only clusters (star clusters) whose particles move along circular paths it does seem to be subject to reasonable doubt that more general cases will have analogous results. The Schwarzchild singularities do not appear for the reason that matter cannot be concentrated arbitrarily. And this is due to the fact that otherwise the constituting particles would reach the velocity of light".
He was referring to the phenomenon of dilation (sometimes called gamma or y) mass that is dilated is smeared through spacetime relative to an outside observer. A graph illustrates its squared nature, dilation increases at an exponential rate the closer you get to the speed of light. Time dilation is just one aspect of dilation, it's not just time that gets dilated.
There is no singularity at the center of our galaxy. It can be inferred mathematically that dilation is occurring there. This means that there is no valid XYZ coordinate we can attribute to it, you can't point your finger at something that is smeared through spacetime. More precisely everywhere you point is equally valid. In other words, that mass is all around us. This is the explanation for dark matter. The "missing mass" is dilated mass.
Dilation does not occur in galaxies with low mass centers because they do not have enough mass to achieve relativistic velocities. To date 6 very low mass galaxies including NGC 1052-DF2 and DF4 have been confirmed to show no signs of dark matter. This also explains why all planets and all binary stars have normal rotation rates, not 3 times normal.
The concept of singularities is preventing clarity in astronomy. Einstein is known to have repeatedly said that they cannot exist. Nobody believed in them when he was alive including Plank, Bohr, Schrodinger, Dirac, Heisenberg, Feynman etc.
I'm waiting for the videos on fictional advanced technologies like the Cosmic Treadmill, Infinity Stones Mother Boxes, Nidavellir and lot more.. 😬
Good suggestions. We will surely note them down on our list.
You make excellent videos
Thanks for the appreciation.
At about the 3:16 mark, it's stated that the velocity of stars near the center of a galaxy is the same as those at the edge of the galaxy. That's not true. The ones at the galaxy's edge are traveling much faster (relative to the galaxy center) than the inner ones.
Another great hit . What a wonderful description of the dark matter .Some say that dark matter in our universe is less that why life originated here
Another multiverse have lots of dark matter larger than us 😎🧐
Dark matter and Dark energy really are some of the biggest subjects of fascination for astronomers and stargazers alike. Thanks for your kind feedback
@@Scienceabc what if we managed to make dark matter breathable
0:14 Bend it like Beckham!
So black holes and dark matter are same?
Cool
😎
I think you should have stressed more that dark matter is by far from being confirmed. It is only speculation at this time based upon the lack of explanation of the phenomenon you described. There are alternatives hypotheses though.
How could we even conduct experiments on dark matter…?
Dark matter is the part of our minds/universe, we’ve yet to light up!! Galaxy 🌌
Gravity is memory!! 🐘 🐾 🥁
Inception is based on a true story!! 📺
We’re living in a dream world 🌎 😴
Planting seeds in each others minds!! 🌱
Let’s create heaven on earth!! 👼
Galaxy collisions!! 🌌
Twin flame connections!! 🔥 🔥
Superheroes!! Super pets!! Super foods!! Everything is awesome!!🤩
Dark matter interates with gravity,right?
What's the mass of a dark matter particle.
There was recently a paper published in which a team of researchers calculated the mass of dark matter particles to be in the range of 10-3 eV and 107 eV. You can read more about it here: bit.ly/3dmkks3
Oh ok thank you!
Time difference the idea I had and the response time you receive it.
1:00 why did they use the family guy background
Dark matter is the part of our minds/universe, we’ve yet to light up!! Galaxy 🌌
Gravity is memory!! 🐘 🐾 🥁
Inception is based on a true story!! 📺
We’re living in a dream world 🌎 😴
Planting seeds in each others minds!! 🌱
Let’s create heaven on earth!! 👼
Galaxy collisions!! 🌌
Twin flame connections!! 🔥 🔥
Superheroes!! Super pets!! Super foods!! Everything is awesome!!🤩
Just searched up what dark matter was and found the definition. So if dark matter does exist how would they be able to know or see it since it doesn't reflect light and don't you need light to be able to see something? Probably a really dumb question I'm not that educated would love someone to enlighten me.
Is dark matter another dimension of space perhaps?
Kinda looks like dark matter is the medium that all things exist within. Also how the inner matter and outer matter spin at the same speed made me think of water in a bucket. If you were to stir the water in the bucket. Maybe dark matter is like water? No idea here just postulating!
If you check out whirlpools the water spins faster in the center. Like in a hurricane
The bite of the apple x
I wonder what happened with Vera Rubin in this story
Hmm.. so they believe something exists even though they don't see, can't see it.. based on the EFFECT it has on its surrounding.. They are quite sure about its existence due to the effect it has.. though they can't see it. Sounds just like something else I have in mind... or SomeOne. Some Being.. Most important Being..
I agree
It's almost as if the term, "dark matter," is made up for something that seems to behave like matter but might be something much different than matter as we know it.
I’m here for YAH😂
How about; all we really know is there are apparent curvatures in spacetime but no visible matter to account for it? So we call that something. Dark matter...yay.
1:04 seems like family guy house
The matter of Bill of Rights make the difference on goods speciallly tech.
The missing link x
statics? grow?
“Family Guy” living room?
Glad someone else noticed that!
i knOw whut drk matr is, but tis hord to explane whut does it to an common person
@ Science ABC. If you want some new content address this comment.
Dark matter cannot be seen because it doesn't exist. The acceleration of stars and galaxies can be explained without having to rely on invisible, unmeasurable terms like dark matter and dark energy. Gravity is not the only thing in the universe able to move mass in the vacuum of space.
These are the objects that are not affected by dark matter. See if you can determine why. All the small bodies in our solar system are not affected by dark matter. Young stars like S-02 and young diffuse galaxies like NGC 1052 - DF2 are not affected by dark matter.
There are some objects that are affected by dark matter. Old stars like our sun and old satellite galaxies like Draco. The solar system as a whole appears to be affected by dark matter traveling some 536,000 mi/h yet the small bodies like planets, moons, asteroids, comets and debris are not affected by dark matter. So it affects the motion of the sun but not the planets, moons and other objects, why is that?
According to Newtonian physics all matter regardless of weight, mass or density are equally affected by gravity in the vacuum of space. Hence a bowling ball and a feather falls at the same rate. If dark matter was real and it was effecting the motion of the sun then according to the laws of physics it should affect the motion and orbits of the planets, moons and other small objects equally. But it does not. You can research this, astrophysicists claim the reason why planets, moons and other small bodies in our solar system are not affected by dark matter is because they are too small. Yet they blame the lensing or distortions occurring to light, which light has zero mass on dark matter when there is not enough mass in the systems to explain the lensing of light. So why does dark matter affect the orbit and motion of stars, satellite galaxies and light but does not affect the motion or orbit of the small bodies in our solar system?
There is a simple explanation that can explain all the observations, including why stars and satellite galaxies traveling some 1.2 million mi/h as they orbit the barycenter of a galaxy's mass yet are unable to reach an escape velocity, flung out into deep space per observations in the 1930's. It explains why some stars and some galaxies don't appear to be affected by dark matter and why others do. It has nothing to do with missing mass. It is simple, so simple I just can't understand why astrophysicists and physicists with PhDs have not figured it out yet. I'm no expert and I figured it out. Why do they ignore the evidence yet continue to claim these dark mysterious forces exist when they simply cannot?
Gravity and mass are not missing from their equations. General relativity can accurately describe the motion and orbit of small bodies, young stars like S-02 and young diffuse galaxies like NGC 1052-DF2 but cannot explain the motion and orbit of old stars like our sun and old satellite galaxies like Draco. You guessed it, it's because of their age. The older the star or satellite galaxy the faster they are traveling. So what would cause a slow acceleration to occur over time? What about stars acting like ion propulsion engines or a microwave engines? These propulsion methods have been proven to produce a slow acceleration over time.
What would this acceleration be? I deduced this acceleration to be a constant 2.007x10^-7 in/s or 5.09778x10^-7 cm/s. Which in comparison is about twice the width of a proton every second of every day. This acceleration would only happen to stars, satellite galaxies and increase the rotational velocity of galaxies, not small bodies like planets and moons because they don't produce an ionized solar wind full of charged particles and radiation. When this acceleration over time is added to the motion produced by gravity, IE equations of general relativity, it then accurately explains the motion of all the stars and satellite galaxies. It even explains the rotational velocity of galaxies. Plus because the acceleration is so tiny it's not enough of a jolt to cause the stars and satellite galaxies to change their orbital trajectories, so they would continue to orbit the host galaxy forever regardless of the velocity they have gained over time. Thus explaining why stars and satellite galaxies are unable to reach an escape velocity from their host galaxy. This theory accurately accounts for every observation that has stumped physicists and astrophysicists for decades. One simple theory that explains all the observations.
Dark matter is no longer required to explain the unexpected motion of stars, satellite galaxies and diffuse galaxies. Who would have thought that a nobody like me would have figured it all out? Well, Einstein did. He claimed that someday it would be a nobody that figured it all out and he was right. Dark matter is dead. The crazy thing is this theory also explains the action causing gravity and the observations pinned on dark energy, cosmological constant and Hubble constant. One action explains them all. I wrote and self published a series of 6 books a few months ago explaining everything in much more detail. Peace my friend.
You got your Nobel Prize yet?
Is it possible to touch dark matter?
no
If it bleeds, we can kill it.
An American, calling a football by the right name!? No way!
Watching this in 2024
We'll see😄
Perception
here from 2k they have dark matters in there game lol
dark matter 4 element
earth water air fire
What was that football thing though? 🤷♂️
Blind person listening to the video be like: Hey bro? 🤡
Why must we accept explanations that are so complex and illogical as fact? Einstein said if your explanation is unclear, then you don[t understand the question?
What is dark matter. It’s matter you cannot see but can detect. Not a hard concept.
If you can detect it, then you can measure it. Then you can understand it.
Stop making stuff up.
That's not a football dude! It's a soccer ball, but great video. 👍
Nice that you draw women as scientists or hitting a soccer ball, but your omission to mention Vera Rubin is super sad!
Dark matter takes a little explanation and a little smarts and a little training.
Do you follow?
The evidence of dark matter is overwhelming. Sadly the evidence for the standard model particle of dark matter is completely lacking. Here's the problem. Dark Matter has been around for far longer than standard model particles. Since they are so old and slow moving and neutral and massive they are not found just anywhere. In fact they tend to be found only at the centers of large massive objects like stars and planets and moons and the like. Otherwise, they are found in the halos of galaxies. The exception would seem to be large massive yet fragmented objects, such as the asteroid belt protoplanet between Mars and Jupiter. The masses of dark matter particles may well have several varieties from the least massive and youngest to the most massive and oldest. The least massive and youngest may well fall into the logarithmic scale proportional to that between Gravity and Electromagnetism. This is the hierarchical scale with Hadronic and Leptonic quarks at one end, the bottom end of this scale. This spans 10^36 in a scale proportional to the relative number of dimensions applying to this scale. Clearly there must be several dimensions in this scale. Approximately 7 dimensions seems to be the least massive divisision of this logarithmic scale that makes any sense. Applying a natural scale suggests that at minimum 1/18 of 36 or about 10^2 times as massive as quarks for the least massive initial stages or types of forms of dark matter, while 1/7 of 36 or about 10^5 or more times as massive as quarks for the most massive forms of the initial stages or types of dark matter. Consequentially, small quantities of this novel form of dark matter should be able to be detected, then found, isolated, formally discovered, transported, refined and manufactured. Obviously research and developments in the asteroid belt are going to be instrumental in this discovery. The slow pace of space exploration seems to mean that it's going to be a while before we get this discovery at long last. Of course, the future of dark matter doesn't really begin until its formal discovery, so we'll have to wait till then, whenever that may be.
part 2
Ok. So the Chrysanthemum or Mum, sometimes called the Mon when depicted in art, can now be understood in terms of highly temporary but sometimes long lived quark models.
It is sometimes well established that early versions of the mum were constricted within 2 dimensions. They were strongly limited, apparently limited to about 21 petals, as predicted by Fibonnacci. However, in later Mon depictions, full blown 3 dimensional mums have been depicted and are apparently grown and are flourishing. These are much larger than previous 2 dimensional models.
In counterpart, quark models in the standard model have far exceeded the dark matter models contemplated. For instance, Charm quarks are over 600 times larger than standard Up quarks, and Bottom quarks are over 400 times bigger than standard Strange quarks.
In previous models of the Fibonacci model of quark expansion, the numbers (10^2 to 10^5) are well known and within the known potential of this dimension of dark matter.
We can expect this dimension of dark matter stable components within isolated dark matter, such as within isolated galactic halos. However, trapped dark matter components such as within stars, planets and moons may be decaying quickly, as exhibited by our own Moon, which has shut down and become locked in its gravitationally stabilized orbit, and the planets Mercury and perhaps even Mars, which apparently have also slowed down, and headed for stopping. This energetic model is shocking, and further dark matter and similar quark models, may be decaying or already gone, so the Mum/Mon model will be an important strategic exploration and investigation.
I like the Chrysanthemum model for quarks anyway. It depicts the exponential growth of standard model quarks that we have already seen. However, I think we will see a plateauing of such quark expansions, I think the upper limit of further discoveries such as within the Cern Large Hadron Collider may be reached at about 10,000 times the mass of standard model Up quarks.
Spoiler Alert: There may be some new quarks within this range. However, some dimensions or ranges of dark matter quarks may already have expired and would only be available at galactic scales of discovery and investigation.
So dark matter research may still have local frontiers to discover, but may stall at this range.
The good news is that we have an extremely long time to do this research and discovery of standard model quarks before dark energy expansion catches up with us.
Relax. It's cool.
I hope that you have enjoyed this Fibonacci mathematical Chrysanthemum experiment in both quarks and dark matter.
Thank you for reading.
part 3
Ok. So we are now assuming the Fibonnacci based Chrysanthemum model of hyperdimensional dark matter and quarks.
Or we still have sluggards or Luddites who can't keep up.
In this assumptive model, this structure suggests that such matter would be in the range of 10^5 to 10^8 times the mass of standard model quarks. For regular folks this is from 10,000 times to 100,000,000 times this mass.
That is really close to the neutron star category of matter.
While this may be amusing consider where this is going, the next phase of dark matter and as yet undiscovered quark masses would have to be in the range of 10^13 to 10^21, or 1,000,000,000,000 to 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 quark masses. Is this in the range of black holes yet? Or are we still stalled at very large neutron stars? Again we must pause and consider where we are.
The first stages of dark matter is from 10^2 to 10^3 masses, the 2nd stage would be from 10^3 to 10^5 masses, the 3rd stage would be from 10^5 to 10^8 masses, and the 4th stage would be from 10^8 masses to 10^13 masses. Whew. Theoretically the 5th stage of dark matter would be 10^13 to 10^21 masses. That still leaves us with the 6th stage of the mass of dark matter and quarks. This is the staggering number of 10^21 to 10^34 masses for quarks and dark matter. Wow. This is clearly the end of our Chrysanthemum dark matter models. It is also the end of our hierarchical mass models. What comes after the end of our Electromagnetism model? I dare not postulate. But I suspect outer space models of dark energy. This is the incredible range of from 10^34 to 10^55 masses, a gut wrenching number
times the mass of standard model quarks.
This is the amount of masses that represents the beginning or the ending of the universe.
It's not just a black hole.
It's the end.
Sorry - not sorry.
This video explains nothing.
Dark matter takes a little explanation and a little smarts and a little training.
Can you follow?
The evidence of dark matter is overwhelming. Sadly the evidence for the standard model particle of dark matter is completely lacking. Here's the problem. Dark Matter has been around for far longer than standard model particles. Since they are so old and slow moving and neutral and massive they are not found just anywhere. In fact they tend to be found only at the centers of large massive objects like stars and planets and moons and the like. Otherwise, they are found in the halos of galaxies. The exception would seem to be large massive yet fragmented objects, such as the asteroid belt protoplanet between Mars and Jupiter. The masses of dark matter particles may well have several varieties from the least massive and youngest to the most massive and oldest. The least massive and youngest may well fall into the logarithmic scale proportional to that between Gravity and Electromagnetism. This is the hierarchical scale with Hadronic and Leptonic quarks at one end, the bottom end of this scale. This spans 10^36 in a scale proportional to the relative number of dimensions applying to this scale. Clearly there must be several dimensions in this scale. Approximately 7 dimensions seems to be the least massive divisision of this logarithmic scale that makes any sense. Applying a natural scale suggests that at minimum 1/18 of 36 or about 10^2 times as massive as quarks for the least massive initial stages or types of forms of dark matter, while 1/7 of 36 or about 10^5 or more times as massive as quarks for the most massive forms of the initial stages or types of dark matter. Consequentially, small quantities of this novel form of dark matter should be able to be detected, then found, isolated, formally discovered, transported, refined and manufactured. Obviously research and developments in the asteroid belt are going to be instrumental in this discovery. The slow pace of space exploration seems to mean that it's going to be a while before we get this discovery at long last. Of course, the future of dark matter doesn't really begin until its formal discovery, so we'll have to wait till then, whenever that may be.
part 2
Ok. So the Chrysanthemum or Mum, sometimes called the Mon when depicted in art, can now be understood in terms of highly temporary but sometimes long lived quark models.
It is sometimes well established that early versions of the mum were constricted within 2 dimensions. They were strongly limited, apparently limited to about 21 petals, as predicted by Fibonnacci. However, in later Mon depictions, full blown 3 dimensional mums have been depicted and are apparently grown and are flourishing. These are much larger than previous 2 dimensional models.
In counterpart, quark models in the standard model have far exceeded the dark matter models contemplated. For instance, Charm quarks are over 600 times larger than standard Up quarks, and Bottom quarks are over 400 times bigger than standard Strange quarks.
In previous models of the Fibonacci model of quark expansion, the numbers (10^2 to 10^5) are well known and within the known potential of this dimension of dark matter.
We can expect this dimension of dark matter stable components within isolated dark matter, such as within isolated galactic halos. However, trapped dark matter components such as within stars, planets and moons may be decaying quickly, as exhibited by our own Moon, which has shut down and become locked in its gravitationally stabilized orbit, and the planets Mercury and perhaps even Mars, which apparently have also slowed down, and headed for stopping. This energetic model is shocking, and further dark matter and similar quark models, may be decaying or already gone, so the Mum/Mon model will be an important strategic exploration and investigation.
I like the Chrysanthemum model for quarks anyway. It depicts the exponential growth of standard model quarks that we have already seen. However, I think we will see a plateauing of such quark expansions, I think the upper limit of further discoveries such as within the Cern Large Hadron Collider may be reached at about 10,000 times the mass of standard model Up quarks.
Spoiler Alert: There may be some new quarks within this range. However, some dimensions or ranges of dark matter quarks may already have expired and would only be available at galactic scales of discovery and investigation.
So dark matter research may still have local frontiers to discover, but may stall at this range.
The good news is that we have an extremely long time to do this research and discovery of standard model quarks before dark energy expansion catches up with us.
Relax. It's cool.
I hope that you have enjoyed this Fibonacci mathematical Chrysanthemum experiment in both quarks and dark matter.
Thank you for reading.
part 3
Ok. So we are now assuming the Fibonnacci based Chrysanthemum model of hyperdimensional dark matter and quarks.
Or we still have sluggards or Luddites who can't keep up.
In this assumptive model, this structure suggests that such matter would be in the range of 10^5 to 10^8 times the mass of standard model quarks. For regular folks this is from 10,000 times to 100,000,000 times this mass.
That is really close to the neutron star category of matter.
While this may be amusing consider where this is going, the next phase of dark matter and as yet undiscovered quark masses would have to be in the range of 10^13 to 10^21, or 1,000,000,000,000 to 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 quark masses. Is this in the range of black holes yet? Or are we still stalled at very large neutron stars? Again we must pause and consider where we are.
The first stages of dark matter is from 10^2 to 10^3 masses, the 2nd stage would be from 10^3 to 10^5 masses, the 3rd stage would be from 10^5 to 10^8 masses, and the 4th stage would be from 10^8 masses to 10^13 masses. Whew. Theoretically the 5th stage of dark matter would be 10^13 to 10^21 masses. That still leaves us with the 6th stage of the mass of dark matter and quarks. This is the staggering number of 10^21 to 10^34 masses for quarks and dark matter. Wow. This is clearly the end of our Chrysanthemum dark matter models. It is also the end of our hierarchical mass models. What comes after the end of our Electromagnetism model? I dare not postulate. But I suspect outer space models of dark energy. This is the incredible range of from 10^34 to 10^55 masses, a gut wrenching number
times the mass of standard model quarks.
This is the amount of masses that represents the beginning or the ending of the universe.
It's not just a black hole.
It's the end.
Sorry - not sorry.
There is a clear explanation for those galaxy rotation curves. General Relativity predicts dilation, not singularities. In the 1939 journal "Annals of Mathematics" Einstein wrote -
"The essential result of this investigation is a clear understanding as to why the Schwarzchild singularities (Schwarzchild was the first to raise the issue of General Relativity predicting singularities) do not exist in physical reality. Although the theory given here treats only clusters (star clusters) whose particles move along circular paths it does seem to be subject to reasonable doubt that more general cases will have analogous results. The Schwarzchild singularities do not appear for the reason that matter cannot be concentrated arbitrarily. And this is due to the fact that otherwise the constituting particles would reach the velocity of light".
He was referring to the phenomenon of dilation (sometimes called gamma or y) mass that is dilated is smeared through spacetime relative to an outside observer. A graph illustrates its squared nature, dilation increases at an exponential rate the closer you get to the speed of light. Time dilation is just one aspect of dilation, it's not just time that gets dilated.
There is no singularity at the center of our galaxy. It can be inferred mathematically that dilation is occurring there. This means that there is no valid XYZ coordinate we can attribute to it, you can't point your finger at something that is smeared through spacetime. More precisely everywhere you point is equally valid. In other words, that mass is all around us. This is the explanation for dark matter. The "missing mass" is dilated mass.
Dilation does not occur in galaxies with low mass centers because they do not have enough mass to achieve relativistic velocities. To date 6 very low mass galaxies including NGC 1052-DF2 and DF4 have been confirmed to show no signs of dark matter. This also explains why all planets and all binary stars have normal rotation rates, not 3 times normal.
The concept of singularities is preventing clarity in astronomy. Einstein is known to have repeatedly said that they cannot exist. Nobody believed in them when he was alive including Plank, Bohr, Schrodinger, Dirac, Heisenberg, Feynman etc.