What's AC and DC? What are the Differences between Alternating Current and Direct Current?
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- Опубликовано: 31 май 2024
- Have you ever wondered just how much of our world is powered by electricity? 🌍💡 "You know one thing that always boggled my mind? Is just how much of our world has electricity in it." We're surrounded by it every day, in everything from our smartphones to our refrigerators! In this video, we'll explore the fascinating inner workings of everyday items, like a phone charger.
00:00 - Intro: Electricity is in everything around us
01:00 - What is AC & DC?
03:37 - Did You Know: Flicker Fusion Threshold
04:25 - Materials: Deep Dive into Transformers
08:36 - Safety: DC is dangerous too!
11:28 - Continuing Education
12:20 - Electrical Theory : Deep Dive into a Phone Charger
18:48 - Code: 690.7, 690.11, and 690.31(D)(1)
19:45 - Demonstration - See the AC flicker!!!
We kick off with the "WHAT IS AC & DC?" segment, where we dive into the world of electrical flow. 📊 We're talking about Alternating Current (AC) and Direct Current (DC), concepts at the heart of electrical engineering. All details are meticulously explained with the help of clear, detailed graphics.
Next, we delve into the unexpected in the "DID YOU KNOW" section. 👀 Here, we'll introduce you to the captivating Flicker Fusion Threshold. This will shed light on why sometimes your lights seem to flicker!
The "MATERIALS" segment plunges us into the realm of transformers. 🧲 Understand how an Alternating Current (AC), as opposed to Direct Current (DC), plays a key role in creating the necessary electromagnetic field for energy transfer.
"Safety First!" is our motto in the "SAFETY" section. 🛡️ We'll debunk misconceptions about the dangers of AC and DC, highlighting the risks associated with Lithium Ion Batteries, particularly in airplanes. Prepare to uncover the mystery of "thermal runaway".
In our "ELECTRICAL THEORY" segment, we explore the insides of a common object - a phone charger cube! ⚡🔌 We walk you through the transformation from AC to DC, discuss the role of the SMPS (Switch Mode Power Supply), and elaborate on the smoothing process.
Our "CODE" section delves into the NEC Code, spotlighting sections 690.7, 690.11, and 690.31(D)(1). 📘 Essential knowledge whether you're an aspiring electrician or just electrical engineering-curious!
Finally, the "DEMONSTRATION" section contrasts the behaviors of AC and DC light bulbs. 🎥💡 With a slow-motion camera, we'll defy the flicker fusion threshold and witness the distinct flicker of the AC bulb and the constant glow of the DC bulb. It's a visual feast you shouldn't miss!
Thank you for joining us on this electrifying exploration! 😊 We hope this video has powered up your understanding of the electrical world around us. Until next time, stay safe and never stop learning! 👋
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#electrician #electrical #electricity #flicker #fusion #threshold #nec #code
Amazing how this channel continues to get better and better.
Why?
I swear Dustin is this generations Mike Holt.
Mr Holt is still kicking lol but yes Dustin is a great teacher and is a wonderful source of electrical info
@@PacRimElectricI haven’t had to worry about Dustin telling me to leave my wife and kids to finish my NEC test. so that’s definitely a plus!
Oh man, the accuracy of that statement 👍
You could be too bro
Yeah, not really🙃🤦♂️🤦♂️
Bro I really like how you explain complicated things in a simple and less rippley way, keep it up 🙌
Hey man, loving your stuff. I'm currently learning Aircraft Mechanics online, and these videos have been super helpful for that visual aid. Would love it if you had a playlist organized so that I can easily progress through the topics in order of understanding.
Very interesting…thx!
Love watching your channel grow
I commented a few years ago about becoming an electrician…well I am about to join the ibew, as I’ve taken a few years off working at GM as a truck repair man which has no pay scale or future except some health benefits…I need a career….I’m finally doing it and I’m 35 years old. I’m here to say it’s not too late guys and I’ll prove it. I have already almost 4000 hours logged and in a couple years I will be an ibew journeyman…i can’t wait
Thats great man howd it go?
@@brady_6692 it’s going…almost through my first year in the JATC apprenticeship program. Working a lot of hours, and school, it will all pay off!
@@brady_6692 Going good! Almost through my first year in the JATC, working and going to school! It’s hard work, and it will all be worth it! -IBEW LU 665!
Thank you Dustin! We need more field videos. Like: Troubleshooting weird electrical problems, wiring new house, etc. ( A message from a real subscriber)
This was amazing, thank you so much for putting this together!
Thank you so much for a fantastic video 👍
Hey, I'm glad I've found your channel. I'm grinding hard looking for a foot in the door here in Ontario and your videos have been a great outlet (see what I did there?) for me along this early stage of my journey. Keep them coming!
Thanks Dustin! Very enlightening! (no pun intended)
love to be a member but can not afford. just watch your video feels like a member too. solid subscriber from Philippines!!!
Great video as always!
You do some amazing videos, you are very talented. Hope to see you a in Philly! Thx, Adams Electric. Wickenburg, AZ
Brilliant video. Thank you for your explanation. Seems I'll re-watch it soon again))
Again another good educational video, keep em coming.
Lithium ion thermal runaway is often caused by dendrite growth puncturing through the batteries internal barrier, shorting anode to cathode and allowing the energy to release to itself at full force. External pressure loss of the battery also promotes dendrite growth, although we don’t know every possible risk factor to make it worse yet from what I’ve read so far.
I just wanted to let u know how much these videos supplement my school. I appreciate it so much I emailed the link to your videos to my instructor, and have been telling all my classmates about your channel. Thank you much.
Great video...I started this as a rank novice and have now achieved full novice stature. Thanks!
Thank you for the channel and awesome content I'm just getting into the trade and currently in School and I feel like your videos are helping me learn so much so fast
E
Dude , I remember when you started, Now your the teacher the professor. Star was darth Vader. “ i was once the student , now I am the master. “. I want to tear open a quantum computer and work on qbits. Any garage sales or swap meet have any out there.. Downey California ❤❤
Great video👍
Good day sir, I am one of your subscribers here on youtube....I am only a electrical guy working on automotive industry..I am wondering sir what is importance of checking a frequency (Hz) when your diagnosing...beacause almost I am thinking checking available voltage,or voltage drops,shorted circuits or opens testings so we can figured out why this problems occur...thank you sir always watching and learning your videos god bless😊😊
very good video showed and explanation.
Havent enjoyed a story you have narrated this much since Stolen Tongues. Amazing
It's the band in the top 5 of sales. AC/DC rules!
Video is great
Stellar my friend
I solder often for my job and was top rated in the navy for it also, where can I buy components such as you mentioned for replacing the parts in a charger for example? Like if I tested the capacitor was bad, where can I get the part?
Also, I think a video explaining how to test if capacitors, inductors, diodes, and rectifiers are good or bad (like with an oscope) would be incredibly helpful for everybody! Thank you!
It depends how far you’re trying to go with it. . Mouser is definitely a big supplier with a LOT of components
Modern LCD monitors do not blink. The higher frequencies are mainly for gaming. The old CRTs did blink but that really was not because of AC, In general 70 Hz was seen as stable (note incandescent bulbs flicker at 120 Hz in the US and 100 Hz in Europe) though I could see the difference between 75 Hz and 85 Hz. You see the flicker mainly on your peripheral vision so the larger the screen relatively is the more you notice it.
Btw the mains frequency in Europe is 50 Hz because at 40 Hz lights did flicker.
10:34
Lets say i have 2 setups of batteries, first one is in serie and second one is in parrallel. Both have same power ( P=E•I ) .
Witch setup would you consider more dangerous? ( Faultwise and lifewise ).
Remember.. one has less voltage, but more ampacity. The other, more voltage, less ampacity.
100V 10A... or 10V 100A.. ?
No overcurrent protection.
I wish there was a Canadian version of you with the CEC code but still love your video
Cool
AC/DC Rocks bro!!
To clarify, commercial aircraft cargo bays are same pressure as cabin. Lithium battery rules are to allow cabin crew to put a run a way battery in a “fire” bag.
The only bummer about replacing parts in a power supply is that companies usually seal them, and you usually have to mangle the case to get it open.
5:00
Why do we mostly use those kind of transformers ( primary coil, inducting on an other coil "secondary" , when we could use auto-transformers ?
Only one coil "single phase, but 3 for 3 phases obviously" , high voltage hooks up to both ends of the coil, and you tap where you want on the coil to have lower voltage. ( Want half of the high voltage, tap your secondary wires half way..
Alsmost half the weight and copper in an autotransformer, than in a common transformer.
Best rock band ever!🤘 Oh, wait, never mind.😉
Seriously, is it true that AC is “safer” than DC because touching AC will tend to push you away, while DC will not?
No, AC is more dangerous. AC is generally seen safe up to 50 V while DC up to 120 V. AC causes the muscles to contract at the frequency. With high enough voltage both are dangerous.
Video request- where grounding bushing are required and need to be used
You bring up an interesting point: batteries in parallel vs. series. Can you go into that a bit? Why doesn't that increase voltage at the target? Why go through that much work to convert AC-> DC when you just pass it through a rectifier?
on parallel vs series; voltage is a measure of potential energy. It's literally like a runner band stretched between too different charges.
So when you put batteries in series, you are stretching the band further by adding. more links in a chain.
Each link only sees the weakest amount of tension so to speak, its own voltage.
Because voltage is potential it is kinda relative. So the potential across 1 battery is always the same.
But the potential across 5 batteries is 5 times as much. Just like a step 1 foot high is the same size whether it is a porch or a skyscraper staircase; falling 1 stair is always 1 stair but the whole steps can be a further fall.
on why do all the work; he hints at it, it is so we can do transformer magic.
You can do the same job with a transformer a rectifier a capacitor and a voltage regulator.
But while that is fewer parts, it's actually larger, heavier, more difficult and expensive to manufacture in bulk and less efficient than the switch mode supply doing all of its transformations.
I bought a 12v DC to 19.6v DC car laptop charger. (Better than using a 120v to 19.5v inverter). How does that work? Can you compare the pros and cons?
Ask your dog how to change the starter in your car. You might get a better answer. This guy might know all there is about wiring, but his theory is very bad.
I have a question, I checked on some solar panels with a voltage pen and it was picking up AC current. that isn't supposed to be doing that right ?
Not sure what you mean by "... picking up AC current.", but ensure that your voltage pen is set for measuring DC voltage/current. Measuring DC with Pen set to measure AC WILL give you a reading on the display (erroneous reading). CAUTION: Measuring AC with Pen set to measure DC, can potentially destroy your Pen. Beware!
@@rohmor Yea i did explain it a little lackluster, so I have a klein non contact pen and I was going to clean my solar panels and i went up and touched my panels with the pen and it went off indicating the presence of AC voltage i've asked around and i just want to know if it's safe to clean or not could it possibly be a bad ground ? or faulty insulation? thanks for any help!
@@bryanfarfan1100 Thanks for the clarification.
If your panel frames are setting off the AC voltage detector pen, that is not a situation to ignore! It would be suggesting that your panels/racking is in contact with an AC voltage source.... of potentially harmful voltage levels! Exercise caution when trying to track down that AC source! DO NOT CLEAN until rectified.
Are the panels ground mounted or roof mounted?
Using a volt METER, measure the AC voltage between the panels/racking and literal earth (Yes. Stick one probe into the earth and the other probe on the panel/racking).
If you are not totally comfortable with performing the
tracking down activity, then please utilize the services of a licensed electrician in order to assist.
And wear electrically protective PPE gear (eg. gloves) when in the vicinity of your array.
Hope this helps and let us know how it goes.
Does the channel cover stuff such as diagnosing and repair of motors ?
your graphs drawn so well. what sorcery is this?
21:20 top socket led bulb
No flickering...
21:44 bottom socket
Flickering...
Same led bulb..
The socket is causing flickering.
And btw.. if its a 12vdc lamp on the battery setup, why did you use only 6Vdc to light it up? ( 4 x 1.5V = 6 )
Do LED lights flicker less fast than the incandescent ones?
120 times per seconds for AC incandescent light..
Half the time for DC leds?
( Current only pass in one direction )
LED lights do not flicker. Current is passing in one direction, yes. But it is also Continuous! Hence no flicker.
Although it wasn't mentioned (I think), there is DC referred to as 'Half-wave rectified DC' vs 'Full-wave rectified DC'. Half-wave rectification results from using only the Positive OR Negative AC wave portions.
Full-wave rectification results from using both positive AND negative AC wave portions.
Full-wave rectification is more costly to achieve, but results in a smoother DC rectified waveform.
@@rohmor how do you dim led light? ..
By making it flash less rapidly.
@@martf1061 Ok. So let's add a little more context.
LED lights do not flicker when a constant DC voltage is applied to it.
If one wants to PURPOSEFULLY cause an LED to "Flash", then the voltage applied to the LED can be interrupted/cycled on/off at the desired frequency. That can be achieved manually, or via the use of a Flasher circuit.
@@rohmor tell me how led are dimmed
@@martf1061 Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) can be dimmed using various methods, each with its own advantages and drawbacks.
1. By rapidly turning the LED on and off (pulsing) at a high frequency while varying the on/off times. This technique is common and is called Pulse Width Modulation (PWM).
2. LEDs can also be dimmed by varying the voltage supplied to them. Lowering the voltage, reduces the current flowing through the LED, leading to lower brightness. This technique is less efficient than PWM.
Other methods include Current Regulation whereby Dimming is achieved by regulating the current flowing through the LED. And Digital dimming using digital signals.
13:27
So basicaly, step 2 and 5 are the same??
I'm pretty sure you got the steps in wrong order..
1- 120ac
2- step down to 5vac
3- full bridge rectifier
4- up frequency ( if really needed)
He totally did get this wrong, good catch! A/C doesn't pulse after going through a rectifier, at least not in the way he had it drawn out. A rectifier makes A/C into something closer to a varying D/C, which is then smoothed out using capacitors. An inverter will make a sine wave like he had drawn, but I think he is confusing how a rectifier works with how an inverter works.
Cell phone charging bricks don't have inverters inside of them.
I ran two 2-gauge DC wires in separate metal conduits, one for the 12 volt positive and one for the 12 volt negative feeds to our 12 volt DC devises in a mountain cabin. I have since learned that you must NEVER run hot and neutral AC wires in separate raceways due to induction. Am I OK to leave my installation as is since it is 12 volt DC? Do I need to worry about induced current when dealing with DC? I am guessing it is not an issue…..just look at how DC is handled on vehicles, positive out from battery while returning negative ground current can travel back through wires or metal chassis of the vehicle, no need to be in the same raceway.
Everything is electricity. Everything is light.
While it is true that alternating current produces a flicker, it is also true that the element does not have enough time in which to cool off to the point where light is no longer emitted. So the cycle is really dimmer and brighter as opposed to on and off. But then again, everybody has watched a toaster anticipating that magical pop when the toast is done
You can see the flicker of LED lights if you move around just right. Especially Christmas lights.
@@thebaddestogre-3698LEDs are a DC component. They are light-emitting diodes. Diodes are unidirectional and do not allow current to pass both ways. Any flickering you might see on LEDs would not be directly related to the polarity shifts of AC power.
DC is more dangerous than AC, in terms of sustaining an arc and arc flash. AC arcs are easier to extinguish because of the 0 crossing that occurs 120 times a second, assuming you're dealing with 60Hz. Whereas DC arcs don't have that zero crossing particularly with pure DC such as several large 12volt batteries in series. It's for this reason fuses and circuit breakers suitable for AC/DC have lower voltage and interrupting ratings for DC, such as 250VAC- 200kA / 125VDC-20kA.
My favorite AC/DC is "Live Wire"
Ohhhh stick this in your fuse box!
Dustin. I've been doing industrial work for the past year or so and we use 24ve (voltage excitation) and my understanding is that it's magnetic field change?.. would love to see more industrial stuff but always happy watching your informative vids
Most people use LIFEPO4 chemistry for solar, EV's, etc., which doesn't run away or burn, like lithium ion...Still dangerous if the voltage is high and you become part part of the circuit...Ya, I've been working with AC for decades, but learning DC for my off grid homestead, thankfully I'm my own inspector..
Another good educational video. But one thing really baffles me…
How does anyone get out of High School without knowing the basic difference between AC and DC?
Because we learned the Pythagorean theorem instead
Apparently this guy because all he does is give crazy information. His grip on electrical theory is very poor. Get your information elsewhere when comes to electrical behavior.
Hey man I don't know if you can explain this. But I live in a mobile home and when I use my Keurig all the lights in my house flicker all the lights in my house are LED can you explain why it does that. Thank you I like you content thank you.
Hey man, this is likely caused by the high current drawn by the Keurig's heating element. If it's possible, I'd look into adding 20A circuits for your kitchen appliances, or separating your lights etc to their own 15A circuit.
@@themonkeydrunken thank you for the reply. All of our breakers are 20 amp except them the main breaker its 50 amp and the flickering of the lights is not just isolated to the the kitchen its through the house.
Does the led that flash are on dimmers? If so, maybe crank the dimmer to brightest to see if there is a change. If all on dimmers but no change with brightest level, try changing one dimmer by a normal "on-off" switch.
@@martf1061 no they are not on dimmers it happens to all the lights in the house and only when we use the Keurig but when i use the microwave or a drip coffee maker it doesn't do it.
@@WilliamRomero99 ok..
Stupid question, but gotta ask... Do they flicker even when they're turned off?
Or only those that are ON?
( When using the keurig, of course )
Why is it that some (actually a lot) of experienced electricians calculate every offset with the 30 degree multiplier?
I think my yt recommendations got this mixed up with the band... Haha
SMPSs are weird. They have to be cheaper than traditional power supplies. They're also smaller. They also ruin AM and shortwave radio. I wish they could do something about the radio noise they broadcast. Back in the day, such devices would be prohibited by the FCC. I'm not sure what happened. The SMPS is killing AM radio. I doubt it will be around in ten years. The FCC wants to put digital on AM, but HD radio never caught on. The things are uber expensive. It makes me wonder if they could convert AM radio to FM. They would have to call it MWFM or something.
Defferance between dc and ac
Dc flow one direction ac flow both directions
Dc can be stored into batteries ac can't
Dc has resistance ac has impedance
Dc has straight flow electrons ac has reactence and induction
Dc has straight line sine wave ac has waved sign wave
You can't ground dc but you can ground ac but both support surge protection
Dc use fine stranded wire for efficiency while cant use solid copper wire and some other strands wire application because the high heat
Also you cant step up dc voltage by transformer
You should talk about how the air conditioners are all becoming AC/DC
Not bad for a Cheesehead that went to ASU. I’m from Chicago and went to U of A
Einstein and relativity. Unless something changes(acceleration) you have no clue if things are moving or not. It's the change in velocity of things that make things work in a transforming way.
bingo. interestingly special relativity explains magnetic induction pretty well. I'll have to look it up again as its kinda mind blowing.
As was Veritasum's video about electricity not flowing in wires.
@@jhoughjr1Thx. Musta missed it.
At 4 degrees Kelvin, the temperature of liquid helium, some real crazy shit" Because there is almost zero resistance, I've seen wires the size of 12 solid carry 400A of DC current. When you are near absolute zero, you can almost "see" electrical theory many only read or study about....
as my professor said , you can run any current through anything if you can cool it fast enough.
lets hope this room temp superconductor pans out unlike all the others ive seen.
Imagine if AC was a Cosine wave. We'd all be shifted 180 degrees or a whole pi. Crazy.
maybe we are already shifted....
actually what if it was a tangent.... so many asymptotes...
@@jhoughjr1 Hehe. I'm no genius. I just know a few things, Some things intrigue me. Tangent and asymptotes . Trying to remember but are they both tangents to a curve. Silly shit to babble about. Yea, I am a math major but don't care all that much. Tools you don't use are tough to use when you need them.
Well a transformer derivatives the current so the output is cosine. That also explains why they do not work with DC. The derivate of a constant is zero.
Nerd fact:
DC current actually flows from negative to positive
electrons do, holes don't. Current tis the movement of charges not just electrons.
Seem like you needed to be a electronics technician and not an electrician. I use to take phones and old electronics apart to see the components inside and then went to college to learn about them when I was older.
Quantum computer. Qbits. I am old schools binary computers which we used binary numbers zeros and ones. Now qbits what the hell? Mexicano Beverly Hills. Downey California ❤❤❤
I heard that dc travels easier, and so further, than ac.
Is that true?
If so, why do we raise ac voltage to travel further, instead of turning it into DC ?
In Quebec, we step up the AC, up to 735KV to travel long distance and lower it back down, in the cities.
But we also ship some power straight to the USA, and we do it with DC... 480KV DC.
Why?
Yes, DC is better as it does not have capacitive and inductive losses or the skin effect. However, there are losses in AC/DC conversion so in normal high voltage cables AC is still better. In undersea cables DC is better so they typically are high voltage DC. It also may be that US and Canada is not synced on AC.
@@okaro6595 thanks
AC grabs you, and lets you go 120 times a second, where as DC, won’t let you go until the power is switched off!
not really. Ive been bit by both. The power is still flowing the entire time in either case due to capacitive coupling, Its a distinction without a difference really.
Are you really claiming you can reach in a few milliseconds and let loose. That is just nonsense. AC causes you to grab and you cannot let go.
this is NOT the explination I came here for originally, LOL
IYKYK
Does AC exist in nature? Is AC only man made?
Pretty much man made i think. But i'm not sure about the earths electromagnetic field if its caused by moving magnetic elements or a transfer or charges
broski i ain’t soldering a damn thing
I graph were is neutral representation, 🤔 🤔
I try to fix broken electronics...usually do but there are some that have components & circuits so small that I can't solder them like I used to be able to.
Getting older suck balls...not in the good way.
I still don’t get it. Stubborn my brain is. When one side of the circuit is grounded, it simply doesn’t work. Not in my mind. It is a short circuit fifty or sixty times a second.
ground is just the lowest potential of the system. It does work so your mind should reconcile that. These concepts can be deceiving.
I do not get what you are saying. When one wire is grounded there is no short circuit. Of course if you grounded both wires then it would be. Maye you just do not negative voltage (that is a common error people make). All I know your though patters are wrong but I do not get what you are thinking.
What amazes me is the amount of times you roll your arms during a video. is that a tick?
It doesnt have to change dir, just change value to induce.
What is your job, how much money you make please?
🔵AC/DC IS VERY WELL EXPLAINED: AC/DC SUCKS! AND BEATLES ARE#1, THEY RULED!🔴
Simulated AC? Lol. There is no particular definition for AC. Nothing says it's a sine wave. It could be anything...triangle or a pizza wave.
I hate AC, it makes me dizzy
What 😂😂
Sometimes I think dustin would do great as an electrical engineer
As a classic rock fan, this video is highly disappointing.
22:16
Nope it didnt..
But i guess i have to pay the membership fees to understand..😏😏
I would stop supporting CCP Tiktok
You forgot to explain the most important part of how to get lower or higher voltages with transformers... It's all in the number of windings..
Half winding on secondary will have half voltage than the primary.
Stupid question.. but, Are you really teaching some peoples, in exchange for money???
If so, i really hope you dont charge alot.