So the top speed for a juvenile T. rex was 14 to 32 mph based on this new publication, while an adult could reach 17 to 23 mph based on size? That's both scary and incredible!
@@roguetheoutlander8800It would be terrifying, I mean who’s not shitting their pants when they see a 12 ton Superpredator running at them at the speed of a house cat? Now imagine a Juvenile tyrannosaurus hunting you, that’s the scariest scenario I could imagine.
Nocturnally: T-Rexes have eyes the size of tennis balls, huge nasal cavities, and limited ability to conceal themselves (due to their sheer size). I think the adults were nocturnal ambush predators using their phenomenal night vision and sense of smell, while the younger ones ran. I have a pet theory that endurance running was a form of mating display, the males had to keep pace with a female before being chosen (but that’s pure imagination).
Possibly the other way around. Maybe the smaller males have to walk on egg shells mantis style as to not get killed/eaten by a moody female (kinda like a mantis.) Outrunning the bigger aggressive females giving them an opportunity to mate with them after exhausting them. Source- I made it up.
One of the co-authors here, while neither of us ever thought we our work would reach a broad audience we both greatly enjoyed the video! While we ultimately do this kind of work because we enjoy it, something we have a deep appreciation for is making science more accessible and seeing people learn new things from it. Seeing our work be made accessible in the form of a well edited and entertaining video is something we never anticipated happening, and we are both quite happy to see people enjoying the pre-print and learning something new. Hopefully when the final version is completed it continues to live up to expectations and is an interesting read.
I'm honored that you watched and enjoyed the video! The goal of this channel is to help awesome research become public knowledge, and I'm so glad that I was able to participate in this process with yours!
I love imagining all the behavioral possibilities for Rex especially given how drastically their physical capabilities change throughout their lives. In such competitive ecosystems it was probably only the most fit and intelligent Rex that would make it to full adulthood.
I think the opening scene from Disney's Dinosaur with the Carnotaurus ambushing, then running down a panicked Packyrhinosaurus is how I'd imagine a T. rex's hunting would look like (considering it was designed originally around a T. rex).
What's the top speed of a 1993 Jeep Wrangler, carrying three adult humans, that's stuck in second gear (because a wounded man is laying on the stick shift)?
i have a slightly older jeep wrangler, and mine at least gets to around ≈20-30 before you need to shift again. maybe around 25? i dunno, i havent paid that much attention to it before
@@quentinking4351 Do you really think John "Spared-No-Expense" Hammond would settle for used jeeps when he bought brand new Ford Explorers for the tour vehicles?
Edit: After reading about how Dinosaur breathing structure and how they always had a circulation of oxygenated air in their lungs, (something birds retained to help them fly), if T. rex had this (It did), then it means that they would have had incredible stamina and that a T. rex could pursue prey for far longer at its top speed than mammals can, and thus they likely could be capable of endurance hunting like humans. So a T.rex could probably out pace pretty much anything it did hunt, and if T. rex hunted in low light (it likely had to, for better camouflage) then that is pretty terrifying. You pretty much would not escape it.
I like this theory. We see similar strategies with crocodiles, wolves and komodo dragons. A mixture of ambush, an initial bite to bleed or weaken prey, and then enough stamina to pressure it and follow it until it can be taken down.
I quite like the take that giant theropods were basically persistence hunters like early humans: they can’t effectively hide in the bush and they can’t chase prey in a run, but they have extremely efficient respiratory systems like a bird and they have very efficient walking gaits, allowing a megatheropod to essentially “jog” prey to death before closing in with more than enough bulk and cutlery to dispatch an exhausted prey item.
T.Rex must have been a sight to behold. A 10 ton carnivore as long as a bus, moving faster than most people can run and making deep rumbling calls making your chest vibrate You can’t outrun it, you can’t out endure it, you can’t outfight it. And just when you think you’ve escaped, it’s already outsmarted you
@@rodrigopinto6676 longer than a bus, 8-12 tons, 12-14ft tall, intelligence around the level of smarter birds, maybe even apes, but thats iffy. the only land animal (aside from 50+ tons sauropods) i could imagine killing trex would be triceratops and paleoxodon.
Really neat to hear about the latest research! And it's satisfying to see the new paper has T-Rex being pretty fast. I've still aggravated by the 1990's Horner-inspired image of T-Rex being a slow and dim-witted scavenger.
@@lewisbean4250 not to mention that the whole scavenger Rex theory wasn't because of him really believed it but was trying to mislead the populate dur to fact that he hated the t-rex as seen in t-rex warrior or wimp of him blunting saying that he hate it and the valley of the t-rex was just propagation made by him to push the scavenger theory with no counter arguments as he the only 'paleontology' wall showing he having a grandiose send of self by calling all other paleontology work bad science.
The study probably doesn´t mean much to other megatheropods, and just barely for Tiranosauroides cause the rex developed this biomechanical skills afterwards. For example it´s ankle adaptation. Unlike the hunting in the water thing wich did applied to other theropods but spinoaurus. Is pretty much like the Rex had a personal boost.
@@antoniocenteno1483 Wasn't the main thing about this study the inclusion of tail muscles into the speed equation? Pretty sure that's quite universal with theropods.
I’d imagine a tyrannosaurus having a combination of ambush and pursuit for like edmontosaurus’ but for the more heavily armored herbivores like triceratops to be much more on the ambush side
I love the new nocturnal ambush predator idea. They could also be endurance pursuit predators like us or wolves too. Look at the shuffle jog of elephants - rexes didnt need and weren't able to go faster than that.
I've been saying for years that t.rex was most likely a persistence hunter. It was too big and conspicuous to ambush and too slow to chase things down in a quick sprint. It's entire body is built for endurance and power. It's senses are tuned for tracking over long distance. It wanted its prey to run. It wanted to methodically chase its prey to the point of exhaustion so that the prey could not fight back. And since the prey could not fight back, it didn't matter if the prey animal was a grown adult or not. In fact, when it comes to something like a triceratops, the bigger the animal and the bigger the horns, the more quickly it would become exhausted. So I imagine the t.rex was very intimidating and not very stealthy at all. It would plod into view of its prey, making a lot of noise and probably baring its teeth, trying to frighten the prey animal into running. Then when the prey animal sprints away, the t.rex follows at a slower, but still brisk pace. The prey animal gains a lead then stops to rest, but before it can regain much stamina, the t.rex catches up, so the prey animal sprints off again. Repeat this several times and the prey animal is on wobbly legs, overheated, gasping for breath, unable to run or fight. The t.rex catches up a final time and delivers a killing bite, or just knocks it over and starts eating it alive. Either works.
To be fair, I don't think humans would have TOO much to fear from a Tyrannosaurus, simply because we're so small it wouldn't even consider us as food worth going for. Now, a large dromaeosaur, on the other hand...
I imagine rex like a bear, when they do hunt (rarely) they always try to close the distance so that they get their food quickly, but if their prey (like horses, elk, deer, etc) notice them and start running then they can switch to endurance mode, and some bears have been recorded running for a long time. So a rex with a good ambush could take out quicker or stronger prey, but even if that didn't work it could still chase it down.
@Chadhadiya-yc2ct I was talking about bears, not tyrannosaurus, tyrannosaurus would 100% hunt very often since it would need a lot of calories and wasn't able to chew plants very well.
what an incredibly formidable predator! possessing a combination of strength, speed, and agility that made it one of the most powerful and feared creatures on the earth.
@@rodrigopinto6676cmon dude, no need to downplay or put down other theropods just because Trex is stronger. All that does is make the rest of us Rex fans look bad.
@@jkjk7423 Np, Ive seen this dude everywhere just throwing immature insults at people who think giga and spino are stronger, or even just prefer them. And yes while they are massively incorrect that they are stronger, that dosent mean he has to just throw insults unless they are actually refusing to listen. Being the bigger man and providing evidence, up to date papers to back up your claims etc are the true and best way to combat fanboys because if you have up to date evidence, and they dont than you have pretty much already won. Also let’s be honest, rodrigo uses WAAAAAAAY to many emojis sometimes.
@Chadhadiya-yc2ct He's a corrupt dinosaur lover I feel sorry for people that learn from him when it comes to dinosaurs especially when T-rex is mentioned T-rex is not a damn god despite being an incredible animal but this Rodrigo fool makes other true educated dinosaur fans look bad.. whenever we see a video of T-rex it makes happy we tell off people like him with solid facts.
Glad to hear this new study ive always hated the idea of rex not being able to run when its main prey items like hadrosaurs could've probably outran it easily if it could only power walk at them.
This video is pretty helpful. I was wondering how fast the Rex could go at the highest estimate. I think Rexes were ambush hunters, there’s no way they could run down prey to exhaustion.
no need to be faster than your prey if you got more stamina and T.Rex had both smell and sight good enough to find it's prey again anywhere if it dissapeared
It doesn't need to out run you. It just needs to out last you in that run. (note i would love to see how dinos either megatheropods, Sorapads or others would have survuved in Medieval times ( or around that 1000 year time span). Given how humanity evolved with weaponry and others things as well. ( i mostly just want to here someone talk about Knights fighting dinos)
I’m still think that T.Rexes hunted in pack with the younger and smaller ones chasing their prey to the bigger ones. If not then they were probably real good ambush hunter thanks to paddings under their feet and superior eyesight to see in the dark. Though I have a crazy theory that if T.Rex hunted solo, a fully grown ones would choose the biggest baddest prey so that when the fight or flight instinct kicks in that prey would choose to fight instead of running away.
Long story short, just fast enough to keep pace with, if not flat-out out-drag me in a sprint back in my high school track days, according to this latest research. And having not raced since June 2021, I'm not nearly as strong now. I really, really, REALLY hate the idea that a giant, fully-grown, 10+ ton prehistoric bird reptile thing, could still have had a really good shot at catching me at full speed. God really did us humans dirty in terms of giving us really no special physical abilities to speak of. -.- (also, T-Rex employing a mix of ambush and pursuit tactics sounds about right imo)
It seems that my own personal theories on T.rex’s speed were correct it helps that the paper took the tail and other muscles for shock absorption into account like I did.
I couldn't find the exact measurements on the leg of Cope so had to approximate, but if you run it through the formulas (and Froude Number 1 for conventional walking) you get between 5.8 to 9.1 m/s. Given that Cope is probably heftier than any of the sampled specimens and likely does not have a COM within the needed range, running is improbable. Of the recovered range it's hard to get a good assessment since no data is available on musculature. If I had to put in a ballpark estimate, I would guess it's slower than FMNH PR 2081 just due to the limitations on force generation in movement vs body mass, but still reasonably quick for such a massive animal.
@@TyrannosaurusRex5027 I know that the femur is 127 cm long, 63 cm in circunference. As for the tibia and fibula , the measurements for length are 123 cm and 108 cm, respectively. I’ll take a look at the math.
Gotcha. Used the femur and tibia/fibula with the foot and cartilage being proportional to FMNH PR 2081. Same formulas (excluding running again) for a range of 5.6 to 9 m/s. Similar conclusions to above, we will need data on musculature to help narrow the range and make a more sound conclusion. I wouldn't be surprised if cope was faster than other T. rex of its size, but still is probably slower than any of the sampled organisms.
I remember years ago reding an article that even if they could run fast they wouldn't because if they tripped the mass of the animal could break ribs, arms, and vertabrae...
I think the speed estimate for sue is a little high, this individual was huge and although the T. rex is more muscular and more mobile than a elephant (which the large individuals can’t move more than 10 mph) it still huge. I personally will stick with 6.2 mps or ~ 14 mph based on Larramendi speed formula.
It’s all good looking at the animal itself but ecology is a big factor. You only have to outrun your prey. And if you’re an ambush predator only temporarily.
Yep! What's interesting is how looking at the animal itself also indicates potential ecological roles, and makes us wonder what we might be missing about its prey items. What don't we know?
@@TheVividen yeah there’s so much we still need to know. It why I chose palaeontology over astrophysics. Because I think I could give more to the world in this field that despite its age, has only just begun.
Just wanted to note that bears being able to run at 15.6 m/s is almost certainly an exaggeration too. It's a popularly cited speed estimate like 25 mph for elephants, but bears just don't have the cursorial anatomy to run that fast.
Yes I am, actually. How many sources repeat a claim doesn’t matter, it’s where the claim comes from that matters. And bears running at 35 mph comes from old sourced using unreliable methods of estimating speed.
The thing about being the biggest and baddest is that you dont need to hunt to survive you can take foods from other and scavenge since there were no shortage of dead prey
I wonder why there are so many more specimens of T-rex compared to other megatheropods. Is it just more excavations/digs in those regions, better fossilization conditions, or there were just more of them?
Dwarfs an elephant, had the appetite of a lion, you would feel it before knowing where it would be coming from and when you would see it, you can't outrun it... T. rex is long dead and dead forever but just thinking about its stats makes my bones chill.
I believe sub-adult and juveline T-rexes were likely fast runners which enabled them to catch faster prey,while the adults were probably just "fast walkers" that potentially feasted on much larger and slumbering prey as a last resort,but most of time using their sheer size to steal kills from smaller predators or simply scavenging on already dead carcasses,their large size again allowing them to get ahead of the competition.
@Chadhadiya-yc2ct That will depend how much food the adult T-Rex can obtain via scavenging or stealing,if there is less of that to begin with,then I do believe that hunting would be a natural thing to do and certainly this dino was tailor made for that with all its evolutionary adaptations. I was not trying to somehow reignite the old hunter vs scavenger debate about the T-Rex,just stating that the adult(or even Sub-adult) T-Rex could have easily gotten its way when it comes to stealing kills from smaller predators or gotten the first dibs on any carcass that it came across. As for speed,yeah,the adult T-Rex was far more likelier to be a fast walker rather than a true runner given its sheer bulk and chances of injury when sprinting,but then again its prey of choice aka Hydrosaurs and in rare instances Triceratops would been even slower and less agile. Finally,the potential segmentation between juvenile and adult Rexes when it comes to prey preferences would have also lessened the competition between the age groups and thus aided the overall spread of their species.
@Chadhadiya-yc2ct I think T-Rex just like any other large predatory animal would have preferred not to go toe to toe with dangerous prey items like Triceratops as a first order of business instead preferring to acquire its meals the more sensible,if boring ways like I mentioned.This is what large carnivores do today,even prolific predators like the modern big cats. The way I see it - Any adult T-Rex would have first scavenged or steal if possible,otherwise hunted smaller/juveniles of larger prey which were easier to tackle and lastly only gone after large tougher adult prey as a last resort. I am not saying that adult T-Rex was a sub optimal hunter in any way,but just that it would have actively hunted rather rarely.
It probably was equal to an African elephant, but yeah, some individuals could probably be a little bit faster than an elephant. I’m also pretty sure that it’s also faster than its prey such as triceratops and edmontosaurus. And yes, it was probably an ambush predator because of its body especially with the big boys, such a Sue, Scotty
I just don't buy these T Rex speed estimates. There is simply no way Jane would have trouble catching up with a human sprinter. Maybe the adult Rexes weren't as fast, but there is no way the younger ones weren't in same league as an ostrich when it came to speed.
It wouldn't becuz it would still see you. Your odds at best would be to zig zag in a dense forest where there's more cover. Only reason to still be afraid is the fact if the Rex picked up your scent before the chase or noticed you after losing sight of you when it does picked up the scent trail.
@@archosaur_enjoyer824*Ceratosaurus enters the chat* as the potential predator that would’ve been powerful & fast enough to hunt Camptosaurus & Dryosaurus.
Keep in mind the top of the weight estimate for allosaurus is around 3 tons, for an adult rex that is almost 9, meanwhile the length for those weights are 9.7 and 13m in case of rex. It was way more slender so it likely didnt need such a specialised bone structure to support its weight while running. The different researches puts Allosaurus at the following speeds: the oldest one from 1981 is 12.8-14.7m/s estimate, was based on tracks, the rest 6.7-10.7 m/s, one at 9.4m/s, one doubts anything above 8m/s. So by all means, it wasnt slow.
Here's a thought: T-Rex's maximum speed is, essentially meaningless. All that matters is that an adult T-Rex runs, over time, faster on average than the prey it's attempting to eat. After all, speed is relative
Good lord seeing a 9-10 tons predator could outrun you is surely terrifying. Cristiano Ronaldo recorded top speed was around 38kmh. I used to play futsal a lot and i clocked around 27 kmh. Not enough to outrun these things 😂
T. rex 🤝 humans: killing faster prey by stamina. Now, it is interesting that Tyrannosaurus has a much wider chest in comparison to Carcharodontosaurids, which means it could bear bigger lungs and thus have a higher physical capacity, either speed or stamina.
@@JurassicClark96 Obviously there's many different strategies like trapping or ambush hunting, or whatever it's called when you run an animal off a ledge so it falls to its death, and they were all used. To come to the point, persistence hunting is literally the most calorically demanding form of hunting possible. It's a terrible hunting strategy that starves you if the hunt fails. Humans are also not actually better at endurance than most other animals, rather endurance hunting is made possible because humans can carry food and water with them in containers. The only tribe left on earth that does this hunting method walks (they do not run), and they live in a very hot climate, and they carry supplies with them, and they operate in a group. There is also basically no evidence for persistence hunting in our past. People only like the idea of persistence hunting because it would be cool if humans had a special ability like other animals do. But our special ability is our intelligence, and it's pretty dumb to run something down when you can trap or ambush it instead.
@@cheeks7050 The question of whether humans are, or are not, the best endurance runner in nature is determined by largely by the environment, humans universally preform better than any animal I can find over very long distance in a run in hot weather environments, other environments can reduce or negate our natural cooling advantage from our lack of fur and our above average ability to sweat (horses sweat to a similar extent but are obviously covered in fur, this reduces their ability to lose heat). I will agree that it's true that humans probably didn't evolve to specifically tire out prey, but endurance is likely a part of our success. Also humans do in fact have 'special abilities' extraneous to intelligence like our incredible dexterity, the aforementioned ability to travel long distances without expending much energy, and our, largely neglected by most, eyesight, particularly our ability to focus on fine details that makes reading and fine tool making possible and viable, for example cats have great eyesight for detecting movement but struggle at close up objects and fine details therefore even if a cat was intelligent enough to be taught to read it would struggle to do so in most common reading applications (like reading a novel, or reading the fine print on a newspaper). This belief in humans being weak is senseless and is rooted in the personal perceptions of people who have not lived the hard lifestyles of their ancestors, which is certainly not a bad thing as those lives where often hard and full of strife.
Something I like to note that really annoys me when ever someone brings up a large animal be it a T rex or even Godzilla everyone jumps to oh it would be slow or oh its heart wouldn't work because its too big. Really we are not comparing humans that are bigger, a really big animal would could just have some adaptation to help them out, after all even a blue whale sized human strictly stuck in the ocean still wouldn't work yet blue whales exit.
my favorite thing about paleo nerds is that they spend all their time "um actually"-ing each other, and then 5 years later some new "breakthrough" invalidates the *science* behind their arguments. lol you guys end up not actually knowing anything cause it changes all the time
Ah yes t rex, the dino that hunts bulky slow blundering herbivores but can still over 30 mph for no reason AND it is as smart as a chimp.... defo not gaslighted out the wazoo, defo not
@niallmoseley6760 slow? Edmontosaurus and triceratops were likely faster than t rex itself with the latter being extremely agile compared to t rex. A 6-8 ton theropod with extremely powerful caudofemoralis muscles is going to be able to run quite fast, the same principle as a less agile but linearly fast 8 ton giganotosaurus. The smart as a chimp theory has been debunked rendering all animals in the equation from acrocanthosaurus to t rex as a baseline crocodile level intellect though t rex likely was to an extent more developed in terms of its combat experience/effectiveness and sensorial functions
@@kingofprehistory7851 just speaking biomechanical, rex was a biped, that was heavier than elephant. Bioed is worse for speed as there are less legs to bear weight on. Its very safe to say and elephant which has fourlegs to carry less mass would be fatser than a t rex. African elephnats run at 25mph top speed. At BEST t rex was probably 20 mph, i would guess somewhere in the range of 10 - 20mph. Also elephants have denser bones than t rex, so that aids in their weight bearing. The truth is rex fought for its prey, it didnt chase it, as evident by its prey evolving weapons and bulk, not speed and agility. So t rex didnt need to run fast and so it wouldnt, because nature preserves energy where it can.
Yo sorry this isnt a question about the video but How heavy was the Giganotosaurus carolinii? Google says weird shit and my books says 5-7 tons. But many people say Giganotosaurus was the biggest Land predator. Can anyone help me.
5 to 7 tonnes sounds about right. The upper length estimates for Giganotosaurus put it at maybe a metre longer than T-rex but it would have been a lot lighter. T-rex is definitely up there, with Sue coming in at about 41 feet, but there are longer therapods. The difference is T-rex is an absolute unit. Carcharodontids like Giganotosaurus are tall and long, but light. They're not chunky. They're walking steak knives, not sledgehammers. T-rex on the other hand is a tank some estimates go as high as 11 tonnes they are jacked. To put it in human terms, if Giganotosaurus is the 6 foot 8 basketball player, T-rex is a 6 foot 4 linebacker.
@@michaelbuick6995 ok thx but why say so many people Giganotosaurus was the biggest Land predator bigger than trex. I dont understand it because in science is the weight how big a animal is.
@@michaelbuick6995 And Yeah thank you i know the Giganotosaurus is more a fast pack Sauropod hunter (like Mapusaurus) and the Tyrannosaurus the solo ambush trike edmonto predator.
Check out the new study here: www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.13.596099v1.full.pdf
So the top speed for a juvenile T. rex was 14 to 32 mph based on this new publication, while an adult could reach 17 to 23 mph based on size? That's both scary and incredible!
A Megatheropod bigger than an elephant running at almost 30 km/h is truly a awe-inspiring and nightmarish sight to behold.
And yet you still would say that being hunted by Tyrannosaurus is worse than by anything else (even tho Tyrannosaurus is slowest megatheropod)
@@roguetheoutlander8800 In terms of megatheropods, Saurophaganax was probably the slowest actually given its severely underdeveloped fourth trochanter
Imagine how many flags we would put t rex on if we knew it existed in earlier time periods
@@roguetheoutlander8800It would be terrifying, I mean who’s not shitting their pants when they see a 12 ton Superpredator running at them at the speed of a house cat?
Now imagine a Juvenile tyrannosaurus hunting you, that’s the scariest scenario I could imagine.
Giga can run 50km/h
Nocturnally: T-Rexes have eyes the size of tennis balls, huge nasal cavities, and limited ability to conceal themselves (due to their sheer size). I think the adults were nocturnal ambush predators using their phenomenal night vision and sense of smell, while the younger ones ran.
I have a pet theory that endurance running was a form of mating display, the males had to keep pace with a female before being chosen (but that’s pure imagination).
I like the speculation!
You know I think about this as well.
Possibly the other way around. Maybe the smaller males have to walk on egg shells mantis style as to not get killed/eaten by a moody female (kinda like a mantis.) Outrunning the bigger aggressive females giving them an opportunity to mate with them after exhausting them.
Source- I made it up.
My mating display theory is that the male Rex brings the female a gift: the largest body part of another dinosaur it can carry. 😂
@@jessehutchingsby that do you mean Caseoh?
One of the co-authors here, while neither of us ever thought we our work would reach a broad audience we both greatly enjoyed the video! While we ultimately do this kind of work because we enjoy it, something we have a deep appreciation for is making science more accessible and seeing people learn new things from it. Seeing our work be made accessible in the form of a well edited and entertaining video is something we never anticipated happening, and we are both quite happy to see people enjoying the pre-print and learning something new. Hopefully when the final version is completed it continues to live up to expectations and is an interesting read.
I'm honored that you watched and enjoyed the video! The goal of this channel is to help awesome research become public knowledge, and I'm so glad that I was able to participate in this process with yours!
You don’t have to outrun it. You just have to outrun your friends.
"Sorry Jeff, gotta go"
T rex was a scavenger
@@boi9842Overused joke if you ask me, everyone knows it's not so the satire of saying it is so bluntly is kinda lame, just my opinion tho
@@boi9842in your fantasy 😂
@@boi9842 hey my friend is an edmontosaurus and he wants you to know he thinks you're a jerk and that was in poor taste
I love imagining all the behavioral possibilities for Rex especially given how drastically their physical capabilities change throughout their lives. In such competitive ecosystems it was probably only the most fit and intelligent Rex that would make it to full adulthood.
Yes but yo mama 😮
I think the opening scene from Disney's Dinosaur with the Carnotaurus ambushing, then running down a panicked Packyrhinosaurus is how I'd imagine a T. rex's hunting would look like (considering it was designed originally around a T. rex).
That scene is still incredible.
Trex was a glorified vulture
@boi9842 we have evidence of failed hunts so it did attack stuff, its likely it did eat whatever it could find but that goes for every predator ever
@@boi9842😂😂😂😂
That is basically any medium-large ambush predator, Though tyrannosaurus would likely give up quicker than the speedy carnotaurus.
What's the top speed of a 1993 Jeep Wrangler, carrying three adult humans, that's stuck in second gear (because a wounded man is laying on the stick shift)?
That's a good question actually lol
i have a slightly older jeep wrangler, and mine at least gets to around ≈20-30 before you need to shift again. maybe around 25? i dunno, i havent paid that much attention to it before
First off, it was either a 91 or 92 based on purchase histories. Second, based off my YJ, 0 because second is stripped out
@@quentinking4351 "Get off the stick! Bloody MOVE!"
@@quentinking4351 Do you really think John "Spared-No-Expense" Hammond would settle for used jeeps when he bought brand new Ford Explorers for the tour vehicles?
Edit: After reading about how Dinosaur breathing structure and how they always had a circulation of oxygenated air in their lungs, (something birds retained to help them fly), if T. rex had this (It did), then it means that they would have had incredible stamina and that a T. rex could pursue prey for far longer at its top speed than mammals can, and thus they likely could be capable of endurance hunting like humans. So a T.rex could probably out pace pretty much anything it did hunt, and if T. rex hunted in low light (it likely had to, for better camouflage) then that is pretty terrifying. You pretty much would not escape it.
I like this theory. We see similar strategies with crocodiles, wolves and komodo dragons. A mixture of ambush, an initial bite to bleed or weaken prey, and then enough stamina to pressure it and follow it until it can be taken down.
I quite like the take that giant theropods were basically persistence hunters like early humans: they can’t effectively hide in the bush and they can’t chase prey in a run, but they have extremely efficient respiratory systems like a bird and they have very efficient walking gaits, allowing a megatheropod to essentially “jog” prey to death before closing in with more than enough bulk and cutlery to dispatch an exhausted prey item.
T.Rex must have been a sight to behold. A 10 ton carnivore as long as a bus, moving faster than most people can run and making deep rumbling calls making your chest vibrate
You can’t outrun it, you can’t out endure it, you can’t outfight it. And just when you think you’ve escaped, it’s already outsmarted you
@@noahadams7784 longer than bus
You can aout walk it. It has been proven it was slow.
@@Leon-bc8hm "slow" probably not
Meh: as long as I can outsprint for just long enough to get to a safe place, I'll be fine. Which I still should be able to, given an ample headstart.
@@rodrigopinto6676 longer than a bus, 8-12 tons, 12-14ft tall, intelligence around the level of smarter birds, maybe even apes, but thats iffy. the only land animal (aside from 50+ tons sauropods) i could imagine killing trex would be triceratops and paleoxodon.
Really neat to hear about the latest research! And it's satisfying to see the new paper has T-Rex being pretty fast. I've still aggravated by the 1990's Horner-inspired image of T-Rex being a slow and dim-witted scavenger.
We're still recovering from the collective trauma of Horner's takes on rex
lol he even later claimed he never “really” believed in it and was just trying to humble it. Then tried the same bs with “Toraceratops”
@@TheVividen Indeed!
@@lewisbean4250 Gosh - I didn't hear about him walking back his anti-Rex stance. Interesting!
@@lewisbean4250 not to mention that the whole scavenger Rex theory wasn't because of him really believed it but was trying to mislead the populate dur to fact that he hated the t-rex as seen in t-rex warrior or wimp of him blunting saying that he hate it and the valley of the t-rex was just propagation made by him to push the scavenger theory with no counter arguments as he the only 'paleontology' wall showing he having a grandiose send of self by calling all other paleontology work bad science.
A T-Rex as large as Stan could (possibly) enter a true run? That's quite frightening. I'm curious to what this could mean for the other megatherapods.
It couldn't
Stan was probably too large
@@Leon-bc8hm 🤣🤣
The study probably doesn´t mean much to other megatheropods, and just barely for Tiranosauroides cause the rex developed this biomechanical skills afterwards. For example it´s ankle adaptation. Unlike the hunting in the water thing wich did applied to other theropods but spinoaurus. Is pretty much like the Rex had a personal boost.
@@antoniocenteno1483 Wasn't the main thing about this study the inclusion of tail muscles into the speed equation? Pretty sure that's quite universal with theropods.
I’d imagine a tyrannosaurus having a combination of ambush and pursuit for like edmontosaurus’ but for the more heavily armored herbivores like triceratops to be much more on the ambush side
I love the new nocturnal ambush predator idea. They could also be endurance pursuit predators like us or wolves too. Look at the shuffle jog of elephants - rexes didnt need and weren't able to go faster than that.
T rex was a long distance runner
I've been saying for years that t.rex was most likely a persistence hunter. It was too big and conspicuous to ambush and too slow to chase things down in a quick sprint. It's entire body is built for endurance and power. It's senses are tuned for tracking over long distance. It wanted its prey to run. It wanted to methodically chase its prey to the point of exhaustion so that the prey could not fight back. And since the prey could not fight back, it didn't matter if the prey animal was a grown adult or not. In fact, when it comes to something like a triceratops, the bigger the animal and the bigger the horns, the more quickly it would become exhausted.
So I imagine the t.rex was very intimidating and not very stealthy at all. It would plod into view of its prey, making a lot of noise and probably baring its teeth, trying to frighten the prey animal into running. Then when the prey animal sprints away, the t.rex follows at a slower, but still brisk pace. The prey animal gains a lead then stops to rest, but before it can regain much stamina, the t.rex catches up, so the prey animal sprints off again. Repeat this several times and the prey animal is on wobbly legs, overheated, gasping for breath, unable to run or fight. The t.rex catches up a final time and delivers a killing bite, or just knocks it over and starts eating it alive. Either works.
T Rex on top baby
Spinosaurus : hold my 🍺
The idea of a 10-ton+ predator going at 30km/h is pretty scary
Most likely over 30km/h
Definitely appreciate this video . Mike
Wow these figures turned out way better than I thought they would! The king is back!
To be fair, I don't think humans would have TOO much to fear from a Tyrannosaurus, simply because we're so small it wouldn't even consider us as food worth going for.
Now, a large dromaeosaur, on the other hand...
T Rex 2023: I've become bigger
T Rex 2024: And now i've become faster.
Haters: Cry
I imagine rex like a bear, when they do hunt (rarely) they always try to close the distance so that they get their food quickly, but if their prey (like horses, elk, deer, etc) notice them and start running then they can switch to endurance mode, and some bears have been recorded running for a long time. So a rex with a good ambush could take out quicker or stronger prey, but even if that didn't work it could still chase it down.
@Chadhadiya-yc2ct I was talking about bears, not tyrannosaurus, tyrannosaurus would 100% hunt very often since it would need a lot of calories and wasn't able to chew plants very well.
@Chadhadiya-yc2ct nah no problem I kinda worded it weird
what an incredibly formidable predator! possessing a combination of strength, speed, and agility that made it one of the most powerful and feared creatures on the earth.
Insane how rexes were so large, yet could move with such speed!
Better than giganotosaurus
@@rodrigopinto6676cmon dude, no need to downplay or put down other theropods just because Trex is stronger. All that does is make the rest of us Rex fans look bad.
@@Rexred09thanks for putting Rodrigo in his place. You have no idea how much we Rex fans appreciate it 😊
@@jkjk7423 Np, Ive seen this dude everywhere just throwing immature insults at people who think giga and spino are stronger, or even just prefer them. And yes while they are massively incorrect that they are stronger, that dosent mean he has to just throw insults unless they are actually refusing to listen.
Being the bigger man and providing evidence, up to date papers to back up your claims etc are the true and best way to combat fanboys because if you have up to date evidence, and they dont than you have pretty much already won. Also let’s be honest, rodrigo uses WAAAAAAAY to many emojis sometimes.
@Chadhadiya-yc2ct He's a corrupt dinosaur lover I feel sorry for people that learn from him when it comes to dinosaurs especially when T-rex is mentioned T-rex is not a damn god despite being an incredible animal but this Rodrigo fool makes other true educated dinosaur fans look bad.. whenever we see a video of T-rex it makes happy we tell off people like him with solid facts.
If Cope had longer legs bones than Sue as you previously covered, could he be faster despite being heavier?
Potentially! Once the scans of the bones are published we'll have a much better idea
@@TheVividen Interesting stuff
I've heard though rex might be getting even bigger, wonder how that'll all balance out.
@@godzillakingofthemonsters5812 wait really ? how is trex getting any bigger ?
@@sirjoesphjoestar8361 I've heard of volume calculations increasing T.rex's muscle mass which would make it heavier.
@@godzillakingofthemonsters5812 can you link it ?
Well done, I love informative videos like these! Is there any information on how speeds of the Gorgosaurus or Albertosaurus compare to human speeds.
Glad to hear this new study ive always hated the idea of rex not being able to run when its main prey items like hadrosaurs could've probably outran it easily if it could only power walk at them.
This video is pretty helpful. I was wondering how fast the Rex could go at the highest estimate.
I think Rexes were ambush hunters, there’s no way they could run down prey to exhaustion.
I guess my inconsistent sleep schedule caused me to miss the premiere lol.
So running away from a Rex wont work for me. Welp, guess I'll hide!
Hopefully humans are small enough that the adults wouldn't be interested. The juveniles, on the other hand...
Pray and hide will be the strat here. Or climb to a place where the juveniles wont reach me.
Love your Rex vids btw, any news on the Bertha specimen?
Now I’m really looking forward to the upcoming study.
its powerful breathing system allowed it to sustain these high levels of exertion for extended periods of time!
It makes me raise the question, what would this mean for Hadrosaurid running speeds
Potentially faster than thought!
no need to be faster than your prey if you got more stamina and T.Rex had both smell and sight good enough to find it's prey again anywhere if it dissapeared
Any updates of Bertha rex?
Nothing yet!
It doesn't need to out run you. It just needs to out last you in that run.
(note i would love to see how dinos either megatheropods, Sorapads or others would have survuved in Medieval times ( or around that 1000 year time span). Given how humanity evolved with weaponry and others things as well. ( i mostly just want to here someone talk about Knights fighting dinos)
I'm actually working on a full book series exploring that very concept...
@@TheVividenreally? Excited to see it and read it.
It's still faster than most of humans 😮😮, maybe just usin bolt for few seconds can be as fast as a tyrannosaurus rex😮😮!
I’m still think that T.Rexes hunted in pack with the younger and smaller ones chasing their prey to the bigger ones. If not then they were probably real good ambush hunter thanks to paddings under their feet and superior eyesight to see in the dark.
Though I have a crazy theory that if T.Rex hunted solo, a fully grown ones would choose the biggest baddest prey so that when the fight or flight instinct kicks in that prey would choose to fight instead of running away.
The question is, however, was the speed of Sue an estimate, or measured during the necromancy incident in Chicago a few years back?
Ya know, endurance hunting, ie running prey down until they tire is how we hunted stuff. Seems we and rex had something in common
Long story short, just fast enough to keep pace with, if not flat-out out-drag me in a sprint back in my high school track days, according to this latest research. And having not raced since June 2021, I'm not nearly as strong now. I really, really, REALLY hate the idea that a giant, fully-grown, 10+ ton prehistoric bird reptile thing, could still have had a really good shot at catching me at full speed. God really did us humans dirty in terms of giving us really no special physical abilities to speak of. -.- (also, T-Rex employing a mix of ambush and pursuit tactics sounds about right imo)
It seems that my own personal theories on T.rex’s speed were correct it helps that the paper took the tail and other muscles for shock absorption into account like I did.
I misread the tile as:
'How FAT was Tyrannosaurus rex?'
What about cope? Could the unusually long tíbia make him faster than other rexes? If so, by how much?
It's definitely a possibility! Until the scans get published it's hard to specifically estimate, however
I couldn't find the exact measurements on the leg of Cope so had to approximate, but if you run it through the formulas (and Froude Number 1 for conventional walking) you get between 5.8 to 9.1 m/s. Given that Cope is probably heftier than any of the sampled specimens and likely does not have a COM within the needed range, running is improbable. Of the recovered range it's hard to get a good assessment since no data is available on musculature. If I had to put in a ballpark estimate, I would guess it's slower than FMNH PR 2081 just due to the limitations on force generation in movement vs body mass, but still reasonably quick for such a massive animal.
@@TyrannosaurusRex5027 I know that the femur is 127 cm long, 63 cm in circunference. As for the tibia and fibula , the measurements for length are 123 cm and 108 cm, respectively. I’ll take a look at the math.
Gotcha. Used the femur and tibia/fibula with the foot and cartilage being proportional to FMNH PR 2081. Same formulas (excluding running again) for a range of 5.6 to 9 m/s. Similar conclusions to above, we will need data on musculature to help narrow the range and make a more sound conclusion. I wouldn't be surprised if cope was faster than other T. rex of its size, but still is probably slower than any of the sampled organisms.
@@TyrannosaurusRex5027 That still gives a media of 7.45 ms, or over 26KMH, wich is still very scary
I remember years ago reding an article that even if they could run fast they wouldn't because if they tripped the mass of the animal could break ribs, arms, and vertabrae...
Outdated
I think the speed estimate for sue is a little high, this individual was huge and although the T. rex is more muscular and more mobile than a elephant (which the large individuals can’t move more than 10 mph) it still huge. I personally will stick with 6.2 mps or ~ 14 mph based on Larramendi speed formula.
It blows my mind that some of the studies didn't even include the caudofemoralis, the most powerful muscles working the animal's legs. 🤨🤨🤨
I can't imagine a multi-ton creature leaving the ground with all feet, like a galloping horse, in the air though I may have misheard the video.
4:26, what was Stan’s mass during these calculations?
It’s all good looking at the animal itself but ecology is a big factor. You only have to outrun your prey. And if you’re an ambush predator only temporarily.
Yep! What's interesting is how looking at the animal itself also indicates potential ecological roles, and makes us wonder what we might be missing about its prey items. What don't we know?
@@TheVividen yeah there’s so much we still need to know. It why I chose palaeontology over astrophysics. Because I think I could give more to the world in this field that despite its age, has only just begun.
larramendi's formula gives Jane a speed of 62 km/h
The fact that 7ms^-1 is a conservative estimate is incredible
Just wanted to note that bears being able to run at 15.6 m/s is almost certainly an exaggeration too. It's a popularly cited speed estimate like 25 mph for elephants, but bears just don't have the cursorial anatomy to run that fast.
no
its not grizzly can hit 35mph
Yes it is and no it can’t.
@@toothclaw6985 so you calling all the anmail planet and discovery channels show liars
Yes I am, actually. How many sources repeat a claim doesn’t matter, it’s where the claim comes from that matters. And bears running at 35 mph comes from old sourced using unreliable methods of estimating speed.
@@toothclaw6985 I've seen them chase down elk and wild horses and white tail deer
Honestly, the only thing it needs to be truly terrifying is to be faster than ME, and that's not hard.
The thing about being the biggest and baddest is that you dont need to hunt to survive you can take foods from other and scavenge since there were no shortage of dead prey
What about the air sacs? How would they assist with speed?
I wonder why there are so many more specimens of T-rex compared to other megatheropods. Is it just more excavations/digs in those regions, better fossilization conditions, or there were just more of them?
Successful species
Dwarfs an elephant, had the appetite of a lion, you would feel it before knowing where it would be coming from and when you would see it, you can't outrun it... T. rex is long dead and dead forever but just thinking about its stats makes my bones chill.
So we say "long distance persuit" but how long would they be able to keep up those speeds? Minutes?
I’m a simple man, I see dinosaur video; I click.
Still terrifying.
Given that its prey were big but slow(most of the time) and the fact that it mostly relies on ambush, T.rex didn’t really need to run
I believe sub-adult and juveline T-rexes were likely fast runners which enabled them to catch faster prey,while the adults were probably just "fast walkers" that potentially feasted on much larger and slumbering prey as a last resort,but most of time using their sheer size to steal kills from smaller predators or simply scavenging on already dead carcasses,their large size again allowing them to get ahead of the competition.
@Chadhadiya-yc2ct If there is free food,it's very difficult to say no to it from a primal evolutionary perspective.
@Chadhadiya-yc2ct That will depend how much food the adult T-Rex can obtain via scavenging or stealing,if there is less of that to begin with,then I do believe that hunting would be a natural thing to do and certainly this dino was tailor made for that with all its evolutionary adaptations.
I was not trying to somehow reignite the old hunter vs scavenger debate about the T-Rex,just stating that the adult(or even Sub-adult) T-Rex could have easily gotten its way when it comes to stealing kills from smaller predators or gotten the first dibs on any carcass that it came across.
As for speed,yeah,the adult T-Rex was far more likelier to be a fast walker rather than a true runner given its sheer bulk and chances of injury when sprinting,but then again its prey of choice aka Hydrosaurs and in rare instances Triceratops would been even slower and less agile.
Finally,the potential segmentation between juvenile and adult Rexes when it comes to prey preferences would have also lessened the competition between the age groups and thus aided the overall spread of their species.
@Chadhadiya-yc2ct I think T-Rex just like any other large predatory animal would have preferred not to go toe to toe with dangerous prey items like Triceratops as a first order of business instead preferring to acquire its meals the more sensible,if boring ways like I mentioned.This is what large carnivores do today,even prolific predators like the modern big cats.
The way I see it -
Any adult T-Rex would have first scavenged or steal if possible,otherwise hunted smaller/juveniles of larger prey which were easier to tackle and lastly only gone after large tougher adult prey as a last resort.
I am not saying that adult T-Rex was a sub optimal hunter in any way,but just that it would have actively hunted rather rarely.
@Chadhadiya-yc2ct So basically did not need to hunt as often.
@Chadhadiya-yc2ct Ok then,you agree that T-rex did not hunt as a first choice when it can easily obtain food in alternate ways.
Jane' highest speed is estimated at 62 km/h
It probably was equal to an African elephant, but yeah, some individuals could probably be a little bit faster than an elephant. I’m also pretty sure that it’s also faster than its prey such as triceratops and edmontosaurus. And yes, it was probably an ambush predator because of its body especially with the big boys, such a Sue, Scotty
Totally wrong t rex is faster.!
@@rodrigopinto6676 how am I wrong?
Also, it makes sense that tyrannosaurus was equal to an elephant in speed because it’s a heavy animal
@@tyrannotherium7873 t rex is faster.
@@tyrannotherium7873 "equal" again wrong
The average human sprint speed is 8.71m/second which means most people could out run the larger fully grown rexes
@Chadhadiya-yc2ct I swear it said 8.71, oh well either way I'm not outrunning a rex 😅
I just don't buy these T Rex speed estimates. There is simply no way Jane would have trouble catching up with a human sprinter. Maybe the adult Rexes weren't as fast, but there is no way the younger ones weren't in same league as an ostrich when it came to speed.
I mean, the estimates never said Jane couldn't catch up with a human sprinter.
@@adamtruong1759 It said they were about the same speed.
@@scottythetrex5197 That was the average
T Rex only needed to be faster than it's prey.
I bet if you need to outrun a T. rex doing zig zags would be in your favor. Can’t imagine an animal that big/ fast being able to turn well
It wouldn't becuz it would still see you. Your odds at best would be to zig zag in a dense forest where there's more cover. Only reason to still be afraid is the fact if the Rex picked up your scent before the chase or noticed you after losing sight of you when it does picked up the scent trail.
I guess the allosauroids didn’t have to run all that fast if their prey was giant sauropods that act like whale falls when they die😂
True haha
*Camptosaurus leaves the chat*
@@archosaur_enjoyer824*Ceratosaurus enters the chat* as the potential predator that would’ve been powerful & fast enough to hunt Camptosaurus & Dryosaurus.
Keep in mind the top of the weight estimate for allosaurus is around 3 tons, for an adult rex that is almost 9, meanwhile the length for those weights are 9.7 and 13m in case of rex. It was way more slender so it likely didnt need such a specialised bone structure to support its weight while running. The different researches puts Allosaurus at the following speeds: the oldest one from 1981 is 12.8-14.7m/s estimate, was based on tracks, the rest 6.7-10.7 m/s, one at 9.4m/s, one doubts anything above 8m/s.
So by all means, it wasnt slow.
TL;DR He was fast AF, boyyeeeee!!!
Well it depends on what the large theropods are going after.
@manzac112 t rex was a long distance runner
Here's a thought: T-Rex's maximum speed is, essentially meaningless. All that matters is that an adult T-Rex runs, over time, faster on average than the prey it's attempting to eat. After all, speed is relative
Speedy giant
T-Rex most likely hunted similar like wolf they lived in pack and hunted they prey by drained their stamina
So Tyrannosaurus rex would be like big cats like ambush but not built for long chases?
@Chadhadiya-yc2ct Are you sure?
@Chadhadiya-yc2ct okay...
I predicted the future again 😳
You can't run away from it 🦖
The elephants that had there speed measured were running with a person riding them.
Fast enough to catch my out of shape ass 🫠
Anything new on the true size of T Rex?
It's definitely the largest terrestrial predator to ever walk on earth.
T rex didnt even need to like like its modern day predecessor the tiger it's roar it theorized to have stun effect.
Good lord seeing a 9-10 tons predator could outrun you is surely terrifying. Cristiano Ronaldo recorded top speed was around 38kmh. I used to play futsal a lot and i clocked around 27 kmh. Not enough to outrun these things 😂
Hype
TBH I think most megatheropods could hit 30kmh: previous studies have already suggested as much.
@@bkjeong4302 🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣
@@bkjeong4302 only t rex
@@bkjeong4302 wrong "arguments"
@@rodrigopinto6676
Doesn’t make you right when the data is against you
@@bkjeong4302 t rex is faster
T. rex 🤝 humans: killing faster prey by stamina.
Now, it is interesting that Tyrannosaurus has a much wider chest in comparison to Carcharodontosaurids, which means it could bear bigger lungs and thus have a higher physical capacity, either speed or stamina.
Lmao people still believe that endurance hunting garbage about humans?
@@cheeks7050 Please, enlighten us as to what the truth is about early human hunting.
@@JurassicClark96 Obviously there's many different strategies like trapping or ambush hunting, or whatever it's called when you run an animal off a ledge so it falls to its death, and they were all used.
To come to the point, persistence hunting is literally the most calorically demanding form of hunting possible. It's a terrible hunting strategy that starves you if the hunt fails.
Humans are also not actually better at endurance than most other animals, rather endurance hunting is made possible because humans can carry food and water with them in containers. The only tribe left on earth that does this hunting method walks (they do not run), and they live in a very hot climate, and they carry supplies with them, and they operate in a group.
There is also basically no evidence for persistence hunting in our past. People only like the idea of persistence hunting because it would be cool if humans had a special ability like other animals do. But our special ability is our intelligence, and it's pretty dumb to run something down when you can trap or ambush it instead.
@@cheeks7050that’s literally how humans hunted prey
@@cheeks7050 The question of whether humans are, or are not, the best endurance runner in nature is determined by largely by the environment, humans universally preform better than any animal I can find over very long distance in a run in hot weather environments, other environments can reduce or negate our natural cooling advantage from our lack of fur and our above average ability to sweat (horses sweat to a similar extent but are obviously covered in fur, this reduces their ability to lose heat). I will agree that it's true that humans probably didn't evolve to specifically tire out prey, but endurance is likely a part of our success.
Also humans do in fact have 'special abilities' extraneous to intelligence like our incredible dexterity, the aforementioned ability to travel long distances without expending much energy, and our, largely neglected by most, eyesight, particularly our ability to focus on fine details that makes reading and fine tool making possible and viable, for example cats have great eyesight for detecting movement but struggle at close up objects and fine details therefore even if a cat was intelligent enough to be taught to read it would struggle to do so in most common reading applications (like reading a novel, or reading the fine print on a newspaper).
This belief in humans being weak is senseless and is rooted in the personal perceptions of people who have not lived the hard lifestyles of their ancestors, which is certainly not a bad thing as those lives where often hard and full of strife.
How likely a T.rex would chase a human? are we worth the effort?
Probably woudn't be active hunters, I don't see why they woudn't occasionally go for an isolated target, especially when hungry
Depends how fat you are
I mean a hadrosaur can run 30 miles per hour more like 28 hours per hour but still fast for being bigger then a trex
@Chadhadiya-yc2ct true but they are faster and bigger then elephants
@Chadhadiya-yc2ct and what about edmontosaures trex main food spur
Something I like to note that really annoys me when ever someone brings up a large animal be it a T rex or even Godzilla everyone jumps to oh it would be slow or oh its heart wouldn't work because its too big. Really we are not comparing humans that are bigger, a really big animal would could just have some adaptation to help them out, after all even a blue whale sized human strictly stuck in the ocean still wouldn't work yet blue whales exit.
Can somebody send me the Vividens discord server pls
600 nitro express would deal withit
It would deal with most things haha
But there's always a risk of that tank sneaking up from behind.
Tbf, It would also deal with most fictional movie monsters too.
my favorite thing about paleo nerds is that they spend all their time "um actually"-ing each other, and then 5 years later some new "breakthrough" invalidates the *science* behind their arguments.
lol you guys end up not actually knowing anything cause it changes all the time
It's a heavy burden to bear 😞
NONE
He just floats in the air
so, what about their prey's speed like triceratops and E.annectens? are there any recent studies on that?
Ah yes t rex, the dino that hunts bulky slow blundering herbivores but can still over 30 mph for no reason AND it is as smart as a chimp.... defo not gaslighted out the wazoo, defo not
@niallmoseley6760 slow? Edmontosaurus and triceratops were likely faster than t rex itself with the latter being extremely agile compared to t rex. A 6-8 ton theropod with extremely powerful caudofemoralis muscles is going to be able to run quite fast, the same principle as a less agile but linearly fast 8 ton giganotosaurus. The smart as a chimp theory has been debunked rendering all animals in the equation from acrocanthosaurus to t rex as a baseline crocodile level intellect though t rex likely was to an extent more developed in terms of its combat experience/effectiveness and sensorial functions
@@kingofprehistory7851 lol its you again hello 🖐
@@kingofprehistory7851 just speaking biomechanical, rex was a biped, that was heavier than elephant. Bioed is worse for speed as there are less legs to bear weight on. Its very safe to say and elephant which has fourlegs to carry less mass would be fatser than a t rex. African elephnats run at 25mph top speed. At BEST t rex was probably 20 mph, i would guess somewhere in the range of 10 - 20mph. Also elephants have denser bones than t rex, so that aids in their weight bearing.
The truth is rex fought for its prey, it didnt chase it, as evident by its prey evolving weapons and bulk, not speed and agility. So t rex didnt need to run fast and so it wouldnt, because nature preserves energy where it can.
Yo sorry this isnt a question about the video but How heavy was the Giganotosaurus carolinii? Google says weird shit and my books says 5-7 tons. But many people say Giganotosaurus was the biggest Land predator. Can anyone help me.
5 to 7 tonnes sounds about right. The upper length estimates for Giganotosaurus put it at maybe a metre longer than T-rex but it would have been a lot lighter. T-rex is definitely up there, with Sue coming in at about 41 feet, but there are longer therapods.
The difference is T-rex is an absolute unit. Carcharodontids like Giganotosaurus are tall and long, but light. They're not chunky. They're walking steak knives, not sledgehammers. T-rex on the other hand is a tank some estimates go as high as 11 tonnes they are jacked. To put it in human terms, if Giganotosaurus is the 6 foot 8 basketball player, T-rex is a 6 foot 4 linebacker.
@@michaelbuick6995 ok thx but why say so many people Giganotosaurus was the biggest Land predator bigger than trex. I dont understand it because in science is the weight how big a animal is.
@@michaelbuick6995 And Yeah thank you i know the Giganotosaurus is more a fast pack Sauropod hunter (like Mapusaurus) and the Tyrannosaurus the solo ambush trike edmonto predator.
@@michaelbuick6995totally wrong t rex and giga approximately same length but t rex is much more massive and robust animal.!
@Science-of-Dinosaurs the only LONGER is the spinosaurus aegyptiacus but the difference is minimal.
The biggest and slowest of its family. As adults
"Slowest" wrong 😂
@@rodrigopinto6676 What tyrannosaurid is slower than T. rex?
Why do people think that a predator with a built in AC unit in its head couldn’t run, I guess elephants don’t run either 😂😂😂😂
It was slow AF.
No