Could T. rex even run? Or was it a slowpoke? | Tyrant Files
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- Опубликовано: 8 сен 2024
- Tyrannosaurus rex is easily one of the biggest beefiest bipedal animals to ever live. Because of this, it is a good example of how adaptations and constraints of the anatomical traits and functionality of those traits operate at body sizes of several tons. In the scientific literature, there has been a lot of talk about how fast T. rex and other large theropod dinosaurs could run, and this is a big part of how they lived and hunted as carnivores. But despite a century of research since Osborn's 1916 work on the anatomy of tyrannosaur limbs, there is still no agreement on T. rex's top speed or on whether or not its huge body size prevented it from running at all. Until a 2017 paper, that is.
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RESEARCH
Sellers WI, Pond SB, Brassey CA, Manning PL, Bates KT. 2017. Investigating the running abilities of Tyrannosaurus rex using stress-constrained multibody dynamic analysis. PeerJ 5:e3420 doi.org/10.771...
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Hashtags - #tyrannosaurusrex #dinosaur #science
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I can imagine both the T-rex and it's prey having a comically slow chase now. It wouldn't matter since they're both too big to run like modern hunters and prey but it's still a funny thought.
Imagine a serial killer, knife raised n everything power walking after someone whose also power walking
*Maybe* the triceratops could run better since it’s about as big as modern elephants, weighs just as much, though its legs were shorter. That *could* mean the rex didn’t run after prey, but silently stalked instead.
Juveniles vs Adults are almost different animals.
"It Follows" is a good analog for Adults.
Discovery channel made a documentary on ultimate😊 guide, there, a rex hunts an edmonto, and it's funny cause both moved very slow
Joseph Joestar: you're next line will be "rrawrggg"
T. Rex: "rrawrggg"..."NANI?!!!?"
I remember people saying that it was a power walker like early humans where it would just keep and keep walking towards its prey until it became exhausted
It could also be that what it went after was slower than it by just a little bit. T.Rex just needs to keep after one of the animals and it will eventually catch up to it.
Great, really great, now i have the image in the head of a T-Rex with ski sticks and a Jack Wolfskin jacket going for a power walk.
Exactly, now put eagle eyes and a better bloodhound nose and a croc mouth x20 and it starts to seem scary again
@@shades9723 yeah it basically has all the best traits of every apex predator you can think of
I look at how playful emus get with jumps and zoomies and wonder what dinosaurs might maybe could and would do the sames. Did dinos even "play" during juvenile stages like many mammals? ... or play tricks on each other like crows and ravens and magpies do? Is bird intelligence a good model to use for some dinosaurs?
All animals engage in some form of play, its safe to assume something as intelligent as t rex would have been able to play, it hones skills and also gets the young ready for adulthood where playfighting turns into actual battles, and since we know t rex fought amongst each other this would make a lot of sense
Interesting question... I am not an expert, and I mean this is good faith (so please take the following with a spoonful of salt)... but your question can't really be answered, as is, due to two major issues...
ISSUES
1) Birds are dinosaurs - so they are a perfect model for the intelligence and plafulness of dinosaurs... that are birds.
2) "Dinosaurs" refers to way too many animals to equate their intelligence or playfulness as a whole to one specific dinosaur (birds), or mammals in general.
BEST ANSWER
Living archosaurs (birds and crocodiles) provide the best behavioral and physiological models for many extinct dinosaurs as one is a dinosaur (useful for modeling the locomotion of other therapod dinosaurs, especially) and the other is (relatively) closely related. HOWEVER, you still have to take into consideration the ecological niche, brain size/shape, and mechanical limitations of a SPECIFIC dinosaur to INFER the behavior of that specific dinosaur (we will never know for sure in most cases) - and that still wouldn't apply to dinosaurs in general.
EXPLAINATION
Birds are saurischian therapod dinosaurs - most of the characteristics you may think of as "bird-like" are actually dinosaur characteristics that pre-date, and are shared with, many of the more charismatic dinosaurs you are familiar with. In fact, birds themselves pre-date the genus Tyrannosaurus. To put a finer point on this, birds are more closely related to other therapod dinosaurs, like t.rex, than a triceratops is to a t.rex - yet both the t.rex and triceratops are unequivocally dinosaurs. This is because "dinosaurs" are reptiles that belong to clade Dinosauria (therapods, sauropods, etc), which covers quite a few animals that are distantly related and occupy different ecological niches, and presumably exhibited different levels of intelligence/playfulness as a result. Much of what we would use to definitively document playfulness/intelligence has been lost to time, unfortunately.
Well, let's turn it around. Corvids evolved around 17 million years ago. The non avian dinosaurs survived for much longer than this, about 180 million years. That's plenty of time for many non avian families of dinosaurs to develop the level of intelligence that corvids do. In fact, I think it would be remarkably unlikely if no dinosaurs did until the very recent corvids.
t-rex contrary to movies, was smarter than most dinosaurs including raptors. about like a common housecat . and they play. and mimmic prey sounds. but i doubt t-rex could do that. cats are also assholes.
Watching my little baby and juvenile chicks - I've raised chickens, guinea fowl, turkeys, geese, and quail - grow and play, I'd say almost certainly that at least some of them would've. Maybe not the "dumbest" ones, with the smallest and simplest brains, no, but many of them almost certainly had brains as advanced as your average wild turkey. Having raised turkeys that were closer to wild-type to the kind you bake for holidays, I'd say my experiences can back that up as much as any.
Jojo's Bizarre Adventures: The Tyrant's Ancient Glory!
Scotty's Bizarre Adventures : the anky is unbreakable
@@SnokePrime1593 Scotty's Bizarre Adventure: microceratops experience
joseph in the thumbnail sold me on this video
So it turns out that original Jurassic Park chase scene was pretty scientifically accurate. It maybe got T-rex's speed wrong, but his gait was pretty much right.
That one animation is the goofiest thing I've ever seen. Its like T-Rex is jogging a marathon
Haven’t watched it all yet but a predator doesn’t need to be fast to catch its prey and be successful - it just needs to be faster than what it is catching. A perfect example is the Wolf Snail. It is a carnivorous snail that chases down and eats other snails. It is able to do so because it is slightly less-slow than they are, but compared to most other critters it is still painfully slow - because it’s still a snail. If Adult T-Rex’s were hunting old and sick sauropods, triceratopses etc. then it would only need to be slightly less-slow than they were. As the saying goes “Evolution isn’t survival of the fittest, it’s survival of the least inadequate.”
Or starfish are an example as well.
They are really slow but still able to hunt down prey.
The irony and paradox is the prey were either more faster in case of hadrosaurs and similar iguanadontids or had better defenses like herd defended rhinoceros like triceratops and ceratopsians
Survival of the good enough.
@@retregratotherversrsentre7727 And the environment needs to taken into consideration. Is it prairie, savanna, forested or some combination of all? Do the prey animals herd or are they solitary? I sort of think (before I became obsessed with Tyrannosaurs feasting on sea turtles during the breeding season, like Kodiaks during salmon season) the prey animals (hadrosaurs, ceratopsians, sauropods-?-) would travel in herds. Dozens or even hundreds of them foraging: vocalizing, peeing, pooping, breaking brush, tearing up vegetation, knocking down trees etc, around the fringes of forests. They'd create enough background noise and smells to allow a Rex to maneuver within the forest to get close enough to an unlucky, young, inexperienced, careless or unhealthy animal, to make a quick rush in with those bone crushing jaws.
T-Rex was not a predator. It ate dead things.
It's important to note that pretty much the *only* modern big terrestrial predator that out-runs its prey off of pure speed is a cheetah. Every other predator uses varying degrees of ambush hunting, and gives up if the ensuing chase lasts longer than 10-20 seconds or so.
Nope there are many species of canids like african wild dogs wolves and such that rely highly on chasing off and speed factor as well as some avians
@@retregratotherversrsentre7727 Those are pack hunting strategims, I was specifically referencing *big* predators on a hunt.
The benefits of pack hunting strategies is that you actually only need ONE of your pack to outrun the prey. As soon as they get off a grapple or a bite, the prey will slow down and let the rest of the pack pile on. If most of those pack members individually tried the outrunning tactic without the pack, most of them would fail, either because they as an individual just couldn't run that fast, or because they as an individual were not strong enough to take down the massive prey that was slower than them.
I'm also talking about a creature hunting something around the same size as it, or bigger. Obviously a dog could outrun a rat, or a bird could fly faster than a rabbit could run. That's not what I'm talking about.
@@CorwinTheOneAndOnly Also Pack Hunting is often a 5 to 9 Team: 1 or 2 Flanking Members each Side; 2 or 3 Chasers; and Finally 2 or 3 Ambush Members that setup ahead of the Herd. Often it is the Older Ambush Members that make the Kill on prey trying to escape the Chasers and Flanking Members.
@@retregratotherversrsentre7727 canids don't run as fast as some predators but they have stamina and endurance speedier predators lack. Wolves can chase prey for miles and miles. Also, as already stated, canids are primarily pack hunters. We don't know for sure if rexies were social hunters.
@@etinarcadiaego7424 a grizzly will chase an animal for quite a while.
The Secret Joestar Technique vs a T-Rex
XD
Your next line is * low Rumble * !
Nigerundayooooo, Rexy!!!
My man just turned t-rex running into JoJo reference
fr
Everything that has ever existed, currently exists, and will exist in the future is a JoJo reference!
My new head canon is that T-Rex snapped its fingers while walking 😅
That’d be hilarious asf. Like a Jim Carrey doing the Ace Ventura walk through the office. Imagine, u lose the Rex after running away from it, then all of a sudden after a while u start to hear very loud musical snaps getting closer nd closer 💀💀
If the T.Rex was slower than what we give it credit for, perhaps it worked best as an ambush predator; sneaking as close as possible to its prey, then launching into its attack before the prey has time to react.
And as some people have pointed out in the comments, if it's not very fast, it just needs to be faster than the animals it's stalking. The element of surprise certainly helps, too.
T. rex was a long distance runner.
@@rodrigopinto6676 trex was a ambush moonwalker
@@joakos1122HEE HEE
I think that the way the muscles connect to the leg bones effectively makes T.Rex like a car in first or 2ng gear. It can go from standing to its fast speed quickly but the fast speed is not very high. The favors an ambush but the same sort of design also works well if the ground is hilly. Fast running animals tend to be in places with flat open spaces. To feed a T.Rex, you need a lot of meat. To make a lot of meat you need a lot of plant materials. Thus it may be that the prairie is not a good place for a T.rex and it needs a place more like a rain forest.
@@kensmith5694 Animals in rain forests are small while animals in prairie/savannah/steppe are big. Where do elefants, rhinos, giraffes and bison live? You might want to rethink ;-)
Everybody sticks the rex's head out front, as if it breathed like a mammal! I think it's far more likely that, like the birds which are their descendants, theropods (including T. rex) held their head above a curved neck, such that the skull's center of gravity was directly above the base of the neck. Just examine walking birds! This drastically changes the center of gravity of a walking rex. The only time that head would shoot out would be to grab the unfortunate prey animal.
my adhd brain couldn't stop noticing the deathnote and spore OST
2:30 OMG WHAT MOD IS THIS
I wonder which other specimens this simulation method can be applied to, it'd be nice to see it used on Rex's Carcha cousins since they were of similar size, but lighter. Also I'd love to see it used on Carnotaurus, a smaller therapod with long legs.
Giant carcharodontosaurs have been estimated at a similar speed to Tyrannosaurus (so around 30kmh these days).
Carnotaurus…there are some REALLY fast (55kmh or up) estimates for it floating around.
The large bodied allosauroids would have been slow just like T. rex since all of them being large bodied predators would have been specialized to target equally large bodied prey and despite being slow would have been more than capable of outpacing the large bodied ornithischians and titanic sauropods they were hunting.
it would be great to get a model like this verified on a few still living birds to compare with and verify.
@@bkjeong4302 the young Tyrannosaurus rex is faster than carno.
@@Nrex117 the Tyrannosaurus rex is more agile than any carnosaurs in fact this animal was a long distance runner.
my childhood memory was reading books about tyrannosaurus chasing ornithomimus and tarbosaurus chasing gallimimus lmao
I mean, they still did that it just wasn’t the slow adults it was the lighter and significantly faster juvenile and adolescent tyrannosaurines that were chasing the more leggy prey items.
I've heard it said that every bone in Tigers forelimbs would crack and shatter landing from a pounce if not for the way the soft tissue redistributes and dissipated the energy.
i personally could never talk about shafts and loads with a straight face
Glad I'm not the only one lol 😂
Don't worry, once you grow up it will be easy!
So say it with a gay face.
@@roddo1955 that is how i do my best speaking
@@LaraPosting 😄 Then I hope you never stop speaking!
4:21 *Rex snaps fingers to the beat*
Most 6+ ton theropods are nowadays estimated at a fast walk/“grounded run” (at least one foot stays on ground at all times) speed of 30+kmh….which is actually quite fast, considering that the supposed cases of African elephants running at 40kmh are unsupported and actual reliable measurements top out at 18kmh.
Tyrannosaurus rex weight estimated around 9/10 tons or probably more this animal is the largest terrestrial predator to ever walk on earth.
@@rodrigopinto6676
❄🌎TIRANOSSAURO REX👋😲👏👏👏
You know, some of us are Americans. We hate to hear the word "kmh"
@@rodrigopinto6676 if we do discover something bigger, I'd be pretty surprised. Unless there were undiscovered giant quadrapedal therpods stomping around, I'd say this was the largest mass a predatory dinosaur could reach. Spinos were just alien kaijus or something lol
Elephants can run way faster than 18 kph, seen one close in on a jeep where the speedometer was at 25 kph. Don't downplay elephants based on some ridiclous estimates, as cope for your lameasarus rex
Nigerundayo!
There is a difference between sprinting and pursuit. My money is on endurance ala "It Follows."
I am overjoyed that this topic was given such an extensive 27 minute video
Jack Horner: it can only walk from carcass to carcass.
Does anyone know the name of the song Edge uses in the Tyrant Files intro?
There is a list of music in the video description, maybe try those one by one.
bro you put joseph joestar in thumbnail💀
Slow and Serious
LOL
I love the little arms pumping in the Stan skeletal running animation. Look at 'em go!
“Little arms” but very STRONG
To quote some guy I can't remember (Probably RedRaptor) It just needed to be faster than its prey which were most likely hadrosaurs, triceratops, and other slower dinos then it.
The odd side is the herbivores were likely either faster in the case of hadorsaurs and iguanadontids or had way much more numerous advantages to being regular prey item like herd defended triceratops with rhinoceros like anatomy
Redraator is the GOAT
It didn’t even need to necessarily outspeed its prey, just needed to outlast them in stamina. A majority of modern predators are slower than their prey, but use their stamina and ambush techniques to make up for it
@@xx_squirtle8621 except there are several predators that proactively use speed or bursts of speed even long distances of chasing such as wolves african wild dogs cougars and such
@@xx_squirtle8621 I didn't even think about that, also with how large and powerful its feet were, each step could cover a great distance too.
How dare he monopolize my Jojo love for views
Sorry if I missed it (I am multitasking), but was the speed range estimate for an adult TRex actually given here, or same as 2017 paper?
Ian Malcolm: "Must go faster, must go... oh wait, no, we're fast enough, it's fine."
love your channel and content, keep it up!!!
"Why do you love T-Rex so much ?"
"Yes"
Because they were gorgeous majestic animals, no matter how fast they could run or what they were able to prey on. Not everything needs to be an unstoppable gigachad to be awesome.
is there no one whos gonna talk about joseph joestar being in the thumbnail? like cmon lol thats just hilarious
Maybe they could run at a slow jog, but any stumbling or fall at higher speeds would have been quite unhealthy.
No running under the definition of run.
@@EDGEscience did the study do any simulations on juvenile/sub adult forms?
I remember from Tyrant Files discussions about niche partitioning between young and old. Remember Jurassic Fightclub's so-called "Nanotyrannus?"
Also don't forget the importance of terrain/ecology. Compare the builds of grassland lions with swampland lions that hunt exclusively water buffalo. Same species with vast differences in regional morphology.
@@EDGEscience I would define running as any movement where there is a moment when all legs are off the ground. Even if it would have been able to do it at a straight line, on a flat surface, the large body mass meant a huge momentum, so if anything doesn't go to plan, like a tree root, the footing suddenly not good, it wants to turn too fast, the T rex would fall and that would mean, broken bones.
So even if it could run, it would have been unwise for the T rex to do it.
@@EDGEscience I would love to see this study replicated on more gracile tyrannosaurids a la Albertosaurs.
You are more knowledgeable of the fossil record (anatomical completion/number of specimens), which species would you want to test next?
@@EDGEscienceWhat about younger specimens like hatchlings and adolescents?
Nobody in these studies seems to consider that there's a high likelihood that they had significantly stronger bone than anything alive today. Seriously. If the whole animal spends millions of years getting bigger, you can't reasonably assume that its biochemistry tissue biology stay the same as a small animal. They probably developed reinforcement fibers around their bones and shock dampening joints. I'd hazard a guess that the reason we haven't seen any predator nearly as large evolve since is a pretty good indicator that they had some unique adaptations for growing that big.
There is absolutely no reason to think their bone is any different than every living vertebrate. We can literally cut them open and compare structures, and there is no significant difference. There ARE physical structural differences like with the crisscrossing struts on the inside of the hollow bones of pterosaurs and birds for strength.
@@EDGEscience With respect, I disagree strongly. We see a pretty wide range of specific strengths in mineralized load bearing bone amongst vertebrates. We also know that the strength of bones is highly dependant on the proteins that reinforce them. While I cannot point to any specific evidence that T rex type 1 collagen was different than that of a modern crane or kiwi, I can confidently say it was not identical. How much impact on strength could a few different residues have? I cannot say. However, I can say I am not satisfied with making models using material strengths of modern animals that did not spend millions of years evolving into an 8 ton behemoth of a critter.
@@EDGEscience have you had a look at this study below?
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7437811/
Note there was a bone loading model that suggested Sauropods could not stand on four legs under their own weight. Accounting for the soft tissue foot pads fixed the model and suggested they can walk fine and indeed rear up on their hind legs.
So speed was probably limited to 10-12 mph and was probably a ambush hunter
*Exactly* either entirely ambush relying or additionally kleptoparasitic and scavenging inluded
@@zanzanazenzen1221 T. rex was a long distance runner.!!!
@@zanzanazenzen1221 doesn’t every carnivore scavenge and there is evidence that T. rex was a hunter
More like 16mph per hour
All carnivores are scavengers to a degree with very very few specialised exceptions.
Until another study says it could run
It used rocket powered skateboards.
Something I think people forget when they get into stuff like this is a couple factors. Those large animals that exist right now are far from slow and lumbering. I would not want to be on the wrong end of either an angry Elephant or Rhino on foot or even in a vehicle. Another is how did the animal live. Nature is known to throw numbers out the window often enough that looking at the animals nature and needs should be the baseline rather then just numbers. Predators and even scavengers in current times are far from slow and lumbering. They CAN'T be because they need the mobility to find their next meal. Unless an animal is dropping dead on a regular basis in a very small range it makes no sense for any large predator or scavenger to have slow and limited mobility.
Some other numbers to consider is sustainability of a population. To have the amount of herbivores in an area the size of a territory that such speeds would be limited to, how much foliage would be needed and what type of growth rate to sustain it. If we start adding those numbers into the mix I'll start listening more to why an apex predator or scavenger would be limited to those speeds. As of now, I can't see the sustainability and I think that we are missing something that hasn't been discovered due to the nature of how we are able to study these creatures. I'm not saying they are wrong, but that there has to be studies into the other factors to back it up for them to be right.
Elephants are totally different build.
The little arm wiggles make me so happu.
Swinging the little arms for running just throws me...
Plot twist - t rex hopped like a kangaroo.
T rex didnt need to run anyway, its hunts were fights, not chases
Agreed. Adult rexes might have specialized in killing prey others could not, such as armored dinosaurs. To hunt these, size and power mattered more than speed. The younger rexes filled the pursuit predator niche with their leggy, gracile builds.
how it's made-type intro
What if T-Rex exhausted is pray and was more of a marathon slow Marathon killer
Long distance runner.
The simulation seems pretty stiff and focus mostly on the hip, legs and... arms?. How would more holistic movements of the whole body, like side-movement of the tail or back and forth bobbing of the head account for changes in bone impact and speed?
With the legs close together and under the body, the side to side of the tail would be less needed. The hips up and down vs the trunk and the tail would likely be the bigger motion that the simulation missed. They were also doing the simulation for running on a flat surface. It could be that on more uneven ground the tail did all sorts of stuff to maintain balance.
I think he can only slow run a 100m pace imo. 🤔🦖
I don’t recall any depiction ever of a T. rex “running” with both feet off the ground. Even in the Jurassic Park Jeep chase, the rex always had one foot down. While the speed in that chase is exaggerated, a fast walk for a T. rex is still probably Olympic sprinter speed, and it could maintain that speed for a very long time.
That biomechanical model doesn't account for posture changes imo. I'm pretty sure Rex didn't run with us head stretched forward which would dramatically decrease turning speed
They do actually Bipedal gait of Tyrannosaurus offers only a very limited range of running and walking ie erect posture does not allow for a wide range of anatomical changes
I think a more important thing is the motion of the animal's trunk vs the tail. The legs are sort of at the center point of a big long leaf spring. When going its fastest on even slightly uneven ground, I would suspect that the center of mass would follow a less curvy line than the surface of the ground. These studies tend to be done for running on a flat surface. I have noticed that a lot of the planet is not so flat.
Whenever I thought of T. rex walking I guess I've been thinking of it speed walking the whole time cause I never imagined it taking both feet off of the ground. So I guess this doesn't really change much for me.
5-15 m/s is still hella fast. So this is more about how they could never have both legs in the air at the same time. I wonder if that means they potentially couldn't jump at all, like elephants. Cool study.
Also, stride length. Not an animal I'd get too close to. As far as jumping, I doubt it would even need to and probably wouldn't want as could be pretty risky.
Juveniles could do plenty of jumping.
Tyrannosaurus Rex is now 12.4 meters long and weights 11 tonnes making it the biggest carnivorous dinosaurs. 1.4 tonnes heavier than the 2nd biggest carnivore 9.63 tonnes Giganotosaurus
@Ahmad faizan 0.99 is better and Giganotosaurus weights 9600 kgs with that
I love watching the little arms bop up and down lol
“Little arms” but very STRONG
Jazz hands, baby!
@@rodrigopinto6676strong in absolute terms, not relative to its size.
It's not about the speed of the tyrannosaurus rex it's about the stamina of the dinosaur you can be faster than the animal but if your stamina is basically weaker than the tyrannosaurus rex it can still catch up and eat you
Great details! I appreciate all the effort that's needed to assemble such a video.
New baby dinosaur: why are we always walking slightly fast but not running?
Older dinosaur: the minimum speed limit, is T-Rex.
Too much heat builds up inside to run long distance.
... unless it is cold outside. It may be that T.Rex was most active in the morning. It would also be a good thing to model. The efficiency of the energy production could be estimated. They could redo the simulations with a maximum temperature rise included in the limits on the design.
@@kensmith5694wrong
@@supesisfodder7427 This one is also correct.
Didn‘t they clock one at Jurassic Park? I think it was around 30mph. Glad to answer this question so easily.
Irl, Rexes were more like 15-25 mph
30mph is as fast as a housecat
I'm glad to see so many Dino/jojo fans in the same place lol
The thumbnail is basically what happens when Diego Brando has enough of Joseph's tricks.
Trex was an ambush moonlwalker
It painted its toenails red and hid in a strawberry patch until something came close enough.
if smilodon perished because it was outran by its preys, how could trex thrived with an estimated population of 2.5 billion? no way cretaceous have big chunks of meat lying around every 10km right?
Well, rex had excellent stamina while smilodon didn't
Alligators can go some time without eating. Maybe a similar intake was possible
That kind of shit has been debunked. No animal species was or is defective. Dinosaurs were not "evolutionary dead ends" that was a tool to prop up a narrative of human superiority held because of Biblical bias. Some animals become extinct because they do not have time to properly adapt to rapidly changing environmental pressures. It could happen to any species, even humanity.
@@rich-lf1bm Alligators are cold blooded, T.rex probably was warm blooded making that unlikely
Clicked for the thumb nail stayed for the excellent information and video
Higley efficient and high speed walking with some of the best estimated sight/smell.
So it probably just followed its prey until it got exhausted having no real means of permanently escapeing. Aka Persistence Hunting, like early man did.
Horrifying tbh.
Kind of reminds me of the old film Prehistoric Beast were A T-rex slowly hunts and kills a ceratopsian it ended up being part of Spielberg's inspiration for Jurassic Park.
9:21 Yoooooo he chomped that hotdog
I feel like it’s mostly leg and tibula and it’s longer in other big carnivores then Trex and they weighed less
T rex weighed significantly more than other large theropods
The Tyrannosaurus rex is the biggest or largest terrestrial predator to ever walk on earth.
Michael bueno totally wrong
@@jcoward8845 exactly
Think of the bar-b-q drumstick.
I actually don't have much of a problem with trex and possibly other therpods and large dinosaurs not being able to run ,them power walking would still be a fast and terrifying sight like am elephant charging straight at ya
t rex could run but was not able to run when they got older
exactly younger to adolescent rexes which could be either super precocious or chase the animal for the elders meanwhile adults a far much less inclined for an agile and run adept anatomy
@@zanzanazenzen1221 the adult Tyrannosaurus rex was a long distance runner.
@@zanzanazenzen1221 An interesting thought; what is unknown was the kind of 'society' the Rexes had. Were they mentally advanced enough to work like wolves, lions or hunting dogs? Or were they like white sharks, crocs and komodos, who have these 'loose associations' and who might cooperate to tear apart a carcass but then devolves into 'biggest eats first' frenzy. Of course, it could be that young Rexes form loose alliances (like cheetahs or bachelor male lions) to hunt, but get bullied off by larger fully grown Rexes
Also Y didn’t you use the T. rex running scene from New T. rex? Or the reconstructed skeleton and muscle models from prehistoric planet
Just from the pictures you put up in this vlog post, the mouth doesn't matter, only the legs, hips and balance matter to the discussion.
So if you want to know how fast a predator runs, you really need to see how fast it's prey runs. In 100% of the cases, the speeds are commensurate with one another.
Not necessarily. If they excel in something else like setting traps like spiders or extreme stealth like snakes they just need to wait for prey to come to them most of the time.
@@dannya1854 T-Rex was not an ambush predator… its body its too bulky and massive to stay hidden and stationary waiting for its prey…
@@OperationEndGame I mean it could be… you’d be shocked how well polar bears blend in, how elephants can just disappear in the jungle, and how stealthy tanks with camo can be. I’m sure with the right pattern and environment a T-Rex could be very well hidden.
Could it have raised itself more upright as its speed increased? I should think it would be difficult to change direction without falling over, if not.
How did they get up after falling over, anyway?
Well, the point is not to fall down in the first place, especially at that size. And ambush predators that mostly charge in small burst straight forward don't need to turn much. I doubt they chased prey for a large distance after pouncing. As with most predators, the odds of successful prey acquisition during a given hunt were rather abysmally low. They probably ended up opportunistically scavenging or stealing kills from predators more often than not. Again, like most predators today.
To actually answer your question it has to lay down and get up some times fast so there was a way to do so by some kind of rolling. But if it needed to turn its most probable solution was just to take a wider turn. If T.rex was as smart as people think they were it would have had a solution to turning if need be especially since it would have changed niches as it grew. Think of it as a bike or a car during a race your not going max speed through a turn the goal is to straighten out as fast as possible and get quick quicker. Again this would be very rare especially at max size but again just trying to answer the question
@@Strawberrymilkdrink I wondered if they could get their back legs up to their head, without the tail having to bend at the same time. Then they might be able to roll onto their back, lift legs up beside head while keeping tail straight, so they could continue the roll onto their front and spring up quite powerfully by pushing legs and tail down at the same time. (A bit like a gymnast using their legs as a counterweight by whipping them down while on their back, except I think Rex's tail would get in the way of being able to jacknife up from its back.) Without being able to get into a roll pretty smartly (think of trying to drop a cat on its back) they must have bashed their chins a lot! :)
@@spamletspamley672 hey you don't get to be that big and that old without being bashed around a fair bit while your learning
Use its head to lift its chonky self up enough to get those fat legs underneath itself and stand back up.
So, when I was young, I remember hearing a LOT about trackways, and how those could be used to calculate dinosaur speed. If a known Dinosaur for whom we had a good sense of overall size left a trackway where the foot prints were some distance apart from one another, boom, there's your speed. Usain Bolt setting a world record and me going for a walk around the neighborhood aren't using similar strides. He's not taking the same steps I am, just more rapidly, he's covering the same space in one stride that I might in 2 or more.
But it sounds like that's kinda completely come out of the conversation. Why is that?
T. rex was a long distance runner
The vast majority of time that T. Rex was moving would be at speeds better for searching, stalking, or some other mundane behavior like getting a drink by a river.
Also, I'm not sure if there are any active pursuit trackways of big dinosaurs.
I also believe that a young t-rex can run 30-45 mph
Was a long distance runner.
@@rodrigopinto6676 juvenile rexes were much different than adults so it's a pointless comparison. Might well view young rexes as an entirely separate animal when it comes to its particular predatory niche.
Can I get some context on that clip at @04:40 please? XD
But seriously great work!
It'll be interesting to see what happens when these studies are revisited with both ankle bone motion and tail motion. I've heard the ankle bones gave T rexs serious energy efficiency and the tail swaying was probably relevant for efficiency as well.
hippo's also look like they would be pretty slow. i think we all know by now how wrong that is😅
Members of the pig family also can fool you in that way.
The only best bet to out, run one is to make a zigzag Also, Tyrannosaurus, in my opinion was an ambush predator, even though some of the prey animals that it was hunting, was much slower like triceratops.
Zigzag or simply get somewhere the rex was too large to reach.
zigzag may be the worst option. If T.Rex hunted it likely was prepared for that.
A while back I suggested the best way to get away from a T.Rex would be to run directly at it. Most predators are basically designed to catch things running away also a T.Rex that has never seen a human before might think you know something it doesn't and decide it best option is to run away. A dog will run away from a cow that charges it.
I thought a zigzag would work because since it’s a very large animal that weighs up to 7 to 8 or 9 tons, I wouldn’t do it
@Ahmad faizan
Well, if you look at elephants elephants, they don’t zigzag, so maybe it would make sense for a Tyrannosaurus rex since it’s heavier than an elephant, maybe it would fall
What I'm about to say isn't based on research but It is based on observing the animation and my own experience in running. So keep that in mind when reading the following.
Within the animation you can clearly see that the stresses and power are focused at the upper most joint.
This might seem like a logical thing... however it is the lower most joints that reduce the impact of running the most.
Also they greatly increase the fluidity of the movement.
Greatly helping preserve the momentum already accumulated.
Because of this the impact of the legs during running will in the movement focus for the first half on collapsing the leg to stabilise the body and when beyond the halfway point will focus on propelling the already built momentum even faster.
You think that dinos and humans run the same way?
@@EDGEscience Well, in some ways yes. I mean you've already pointed out in the video that we compare the dinosaurs to other animals.
Humans are no different in that aspect.
And the great advantage of that is that I can you know, actually feel what's happening.
Actually for running t rex has an advantage over us, because it is stood on the tips of its toes like a dog instead of on its heels (I don't know the technical term for this)
This means it would have more springiness in its legs than we do.
If not we're posing its feet wrong
And we'd need to suggest a Moor flat footed t-rex model.
We are plantigrade. They were digitigrade. So you cannot accurately compare the two.
@@EDGEscience plantigrate and digitigrade noted
They maybe not fully be comparable, but then I challenge you:
run a little when locking your heels. You'll notice that this will strain your knees a lot more than normal.
The mechanics will still work the same, however they'll have an extra joint to help amplify the effect
I have a speculative evolution question. Water is like jelly to bacteria and air is like water to small flying insects. As you get smaller the viscosity of the medium get's higher. So my question is: would the ocean be like air to move through to Godzilla?
Well, the tyrannosaurus could walk fast as much as possible, but not run. So, when the tyrannosaurus was fully grown, it simply could not hunt normally, except for the weakened and something small from an unexpected ambush. He could also take the corpse from smaller members of his species.
T. rex was a long distance runner
@@rodrigopinto6676 But the video shows that he could not run, and if he could, he could only walk quickly, and not for long.
@@Vitam1n4ic doesn't it only hunted the weak and infirm though. Lions prefer to take down weak prey if they can, most predators do as it minimizes the energy used and reduces risk of potential injury to the hunter. Most also have no qualms about scavenging dead prey or stealing another predator's kill. But I doubt an adult t-rex would be outright unable to catch and kill healthy prey. I'm sure there were times when it was go after and try to catch what you can or starve.
If the great big dinos munching on trees only had a top speed of 10MPH then an 11MPH T.Rex was just fine if thats what it ate.
@@Vitam1n4ic T. rex was a long distance runner comparable to Olympic sprinter
Now I can't unsee Tyrannosauri riding around the Cretaceous on those scooter-things they give out to fat people at Wal-Mart.
I challenge you to a foot race!
Moving at 20 feet 👣/sec 😮a slow walking dinosaur 🦖 😂😂
I knew it was a speedy walker. Interestin cuz giga is said to run at 30mph, if that is true. I want to know how fast many large herbivores were.
No way in hell gigas ran that fast, at least as adults. Ditto for the rex. A speed that high would be rather pointless for an animal of this size, anyway. I doubt their prey were speed demons.
@@etinarcadiaego7424 i expected as much but i couldnt comfirm it
The study actually showed just how bad the computer engineers were at attempting to digitize a highly successful organism from fossil information.
Or how some people are unable to digest some actually valid studies that slowly dinted their absolutely favorite demigod deity animal
Then do better. Publish your work. Maybe everyone will hold your study up above all others. Get out of my comment section lmao
@@EDGEscience No need to get toxic bro. Criticism is best answered with knowledge.
There is a lot of missing data, and Paleontology is a small, highly insular field.
There is only so much grant money to go around, so natural "cliques" form between different groups of researchers who validate each other's "peer-reviewed" papers.
This skews the actual science a bit, and leads to circular dialectics. Fast vs slow, Big vs small, Predator vs Scavenger, etc.
Ever notice how size estimates are always too generous when a new species is discovered? (Like that Indian Sauropod a while back) I think its to attract public interest, and get that sweet grant money.
Also factor in International d*ck measuring. You want a blackpill? Look at the fake fossil industry in China.
@@EDGEscience You know, in a way, the bone wars are still going on. We just have evolved to being passive aggressive on social media instead of murdering each other over Mastodon skeletons.
@@EDGEscience why are you upset?
It fairly easy to see the smaller theropods running like large birds.
But There is nothing on earth now like the larger Dinos. Except for birds, not many vertebrates are bipedal. And except for humans, the bipedal mammals usually hop.
Modeling a biped the sized of an elephant is about starting from zero.
The Tyrant’s movement speed: did run, walk, or power walk?
The Spino in general: at least I’m more confusing than - hey, that’s not something to be proud of! Darn it.
T. rex was a long distance runner
Spino: *slides awkward along on its belly and arfs like a seal* "My entire existence is one of hellish confusion!"
@@etinarcadiaego7424
T-Rex: "Dude, that's not something to be proud of."
It's worth noting that T.rex in the Jeep chase scene from the Jurassic Park that was included does not run ie. Both feet are never off the ground at the same time.
You seem to be correct and others have pointed that out. A more important question may be, did a T. Rex walking shake the ground enough to ripple the surface of a cup of liquid. I think T.Rex moved smoothly like a dancer producing no forces that didn't need to be produced to move its bulk along. As it walked, its center of mass would have moved forwards in more like a straight line. He was not riding a pogo stick towards them. If he was a hunter, shaking the ground to give away his location would be a bad idea.
@@kensmith5694wrong
@@supesisfodder7427 What I said is correct.
I love these videos but I don't understand why this video exists TBH. Even if the predator could even run at all (which scientists have theorized was between 10 to 15 mph), it didn't really need to be fast; it just needed to be fast enough to catch equally-sized mega-herbivores like Edmontosaurus and Triceratops.
The similar sized prey either could run faster as they were quadrupedal as well as had much more numerous advantages to being regular prey items such as herds and defensive strategies so kleptoparasitism and or entirely ambush relying to scavenging makes the most sense for the adult specimens
Well of course you can ask yourself as a non academic why a running or walking T. Rex was important.
But if the premise is factual knowledge and curiosity you need to know this.
After the first finds and reconstruction attempts of fossils "experts" assumed sauropods to be sluggish and living in swamps or wetlands so their bodies would not crush by their weight.
They were even depicted with lizard like leg anatomy the legs protruding sideways.
That changed at some point.
A walking or running T. Rex is the same as fiscovering that sauropod legs were right below the body.
@@retregratotherversrsentre7727 though I still doubt they were pure scavengers. Very few animals are. But predators very often find scavenging preferable to using energy trying to kill things that could potentially injure them.
I wonder how many people fall into the category of people who both enjoy and understand JOJO references and also enjoy advanced analysis of the running speeds of dinosaurs.
Trexes still aren’t no joke, juvenile trexes would hunt us actively and would do it effortlessly
Adult T. rex was an active hunter fossil evidence.
Not if my boom boom stick has anything to say about it
One thing is speed in same direction, other thing is change direction at this speed (specially with mass over 10T), and for hunting what we need more (even cheetah have trouble with this)
these studies are clearly complex, and Im not an expert at all, but from my outside perspective trying to claim they cant do this or would do that is often shortsighted.
these were animals, dynamic active living beings. They probably had multiple movement gates and intuitively learned to push their limits rarely.
King Grumpy was a racer
Maybe an adult T Rex was the apex bully, just walking around taking advantage on what could be stolen, and making the final hit to any giant animal too sick and weak and almost dead. The giant animals were too strong, but to take advantage of their corpses and defend it you have to be also a giant!
Catching running prey? Let that to younger T Rexes and other small predators.
I personally believe adults hunting things like ankylosaurs, which probably weren't too fast. One does not need speed when one is only thing around powerful enough to kill prey other predators could not. Niche partitioning.
Thats what I have said its called Kleptoparasite look it up
@etinarcadiaego7424 Ankylosaurus were too risky prey. They could easily break T. Rex legs. And their armor was challenge even for T. Rex.
@Ahmad faizan and what relation to my comment yours exactly look at up there is evidence for consumption
@@thedoruk6324 spino-zilla aegyptiacus kaiju fanatic