The gold wires decide if they are in series or parallel. The alignment of the units is so that you could easily bond them up in parallel for 110v while having the exact same light output.
Regarding the linear regulator: "It's dissipating only 18mA, that's the equivalent of just 100 or 200 Watts... Thats quite impressive..." Laughed way to hard about that 😄
You can do that if you get the heat out of there ;) Im designing a product off a similar concept but nearly zero ripple for high power applications. If it wasnt for thermal control, we wouldnt be able to do what we are doing safely.
These make standard LED lamps look over engineered now lol... great that cheap light technology is advancing, hope it lasts longer than these cheapy led lamps we are currently seeing advertised with 10,000 hrs lol... great stuff Clive 😎👍
IDK I have an early LED bulb in one of my bathrooms along with a folded florescent and both have been running now for almost 20 years. Admittedly they haven't been on all the time so the cumulative time on the bulbs may not be 10,000 hours. One has to admit that almost 20 years without changing a light bulb is pretty good.
I remember when I first found a HV LED a few years ago. My grandma bought me an LED dichroic-like lamp (I was 13 years old or so). I took it apart (just couldn't resist) and there was a fairly big SMD chip with what appeared to be 4 LED blocks under the phosphor. I was amused by such a big LED and when I tried to power it up with my own supply just to find out I had to use two in series to get it to barely turn on I was *confused as fox*. _It might not be an LED_ I thought. I Just couldn't comprehend how a 4 die chip would require such high voltages. I researched a lot just to find nothing about that chip. It took me years of just watching teardowns by RUclipsrs like you, or DiodeGoneWild and such to discover (or rather learn) that these four dies may just have been clusters of LEDs all packed together in one single block. This things (although being just a cheap and dirty way of doing things) are just amusing from a technological perspective. - I mean, im 21, I shouldn't be so impressed by it, but it is just awesome, won't lie heh
did the granny frown? they always cried and my ass hurt often from punishments, when i took everything apart in my home. i mean just one thing was left...
@@ketas I never told her, some the day the lamp just disappeared :) But she bought for me cuz i was interested in knowing how was it like. So I guess it was fine - ?
Incredibly modular, and for the engineering / moulding / assembly, incredibly cheap! Since those modules are so very compact, I can think of a host of uses - and you must wonder what design delights are just around the corner, so to speak!
Sometimes I’m absolutely astonished how something so tiny can take such a massive voltage. If you plopped that picture in front of me and said “what do you make of this” without any context I would’ve told you that looks like an LED and it looks like something that would blow up if you overvolted it.
I remember when I first saw light coming from a diode as a kid and everyone I asked about it were dismissive, stating that it was just a phenomenon that some diodes do that. I thought that solidstate light was a big deal. Ay least an upgrade from grain of wheat or neon bulbs.
The positioning of the blocks and LEDs suggests that for the 120V version they wire the two blocks in parallel and for the 240V version they wire them in series. This is a very common way to have a nearly common design for 120V and 240V
Those big LED dies look very cool running at low current, with the whole surface lit up. The first time I looked at one through a magnifying glass, I thought it was an effect of the phosphor being over the die causing the whole surface to light up, but then I took a close look at a regular blue LED and saw the whole surface of that die was lit too. I do wonder how big they could make an LED die. Like could you make a 300mm wafer sized LED?
Oh yeh, if you look up the Cree MT-G2 (my all-time favorite emitter, creamy-white goodness...), you'd see it can be internally wired for 6V, 9V, or 36V. I even have some flashlights with MT-G2s in them.
So these are the super bright LED's usually found around 24 hour independent gas stations and liquor stores. I've noticed stores that usually have these types of lights also sell smoking glass pipes for various illicit things as well as tiny digital scales.
Around 10 years ago Seoul Semiconductor made line voltage LEDs that ran on120V or 240V. They came on the ubiquitous hex shaped sink around 2 cm across with 2 smc resistors (1 in each direction) & had the typical 120 degree silicone lens. I think they had 2 or 3 shades of white. AND THEY WERE AWESOME! I replaced my fishtank fluorescent with them when the ballast blew. They required nothing more than wires and are still working as I speak. They are also not terribly strobey either which implies they had two junctions under one phosphor perhaps smoothing out the jagged edges with the normal decay of the excitation somewhat like an incandescent lamp. Another great idea that they don't make any more. Sigh.
Sure they make cosine modules but they're just a marketing gimmick. You're better off making your own by taking a sine module and rotating it by 90 degrees.
He was checking if we were all paying attention ... I did a double take too ... I'd love to see more of the magnification side of what he did. I assume that took a while to setup and we appreciated that work (the exposure must have been tricky to get right?) Can we get even more zoom or was that the upper limit ?
If you want some really small LEDs, tear down a backlit laptop keyboard - if the tiny individual lights are real LEDs and not a meshed screen, we're talking about LEDs below 0.01mm in size (at least on my Lenovo laptop). Probably multiple elements inside a bigger SMD package.
These were available but in the simplistic bathtub type module from ROK in 2014. Signmakers rejected them on safety grounds preferring low voltage inside their letters and boxes. I don’t see that changing.
The voltage across the regulator isn't 18V. It should be from next to zero up to 116V at the peak of the sine wave. My calculations show an average of around 40V.
I'm wondering as so many things around the house are using DC and all have their own AC-DC power supplies would you use less power having a DC loop and sockets around the house with one efficient converter and maybe a battery bank to smooth thing's out including lights off the top of my head I can think of 40+ thing's in my house that all have their own AC-DC power supplies I think having DC on tap the losses through heat etc would make a significant difference
Everything needs different voltages though, so you'd be replacing a lot of ACDC supplies with DCDC supplies, which essentially just saves you 4 diodes worth a couple cents.
All that stuff requires different voltages, so you've really gained nothing as everything still has a lossy DC DC converter in it. I guess you could standardize something for lighting, but it would be a tall order to refit existing home construction in countries where lighting and outlet circuits are often not separated.
@@MichaelGiacomelli good point but 12v and 5v seems to be used for most things how hot plugs for thing's like internet rougher's get and are 24/7 bugs me and now all of the lights in the house are LED what is the point of using AC-DC converters on every bulb that are cheep and made knowing full well it's going in the bin after maximum 1 year
Probably people out there drooling at the sight of the gold bond wires thinking how much money they could make if they extracted it all, not that there's much in there, would cost a lot of money for a little dot of gold... :P
The first time I saw high voltage LEDs in this package size was in the backlight of a TV. A few had failed causing the TV to power off. Samsung I believe it was. Probably a common failure for these new LEDs
Metal-organic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE) is how they're made. Basically chemical vapor deposition (CVD) with some organometallic chemistry thrown in. CVD is how ICs are layered, but ICs are then etched (via UV lithography) with the circuitry patterns. The GaN devices under Clive's microscope look like they're deposited onto tiny rectangular patches of a substrate. It's all extremely high tech, yet at the same time it's routinely done on a massive scale. (It's kind of scary how dependent the world is on just a handful of these factories.)
Without a doubt the resistors are there to prevent the entire string from slipping into another dimension least a diode went short c. Or as you state no smoothing sooooo perhaps to balence the peek load. Live long and prosper. PS looks like ur up for another invasion May 28th.......vvvvvrrroooommmmm...oh shite
If the regulator is so simple and limits like a resistor could not a 3´rd resistor do well enough to simplify it further or would that give a run away amperage ?
The AC is turned into un-smoothed DC, which at 50 Hz means 100 Hz ripple. So, yes, but at a higher rate of speed (which is why it wasn't super evident on Clive's camera).
Is this a better design to run AC to each segment or would it be more optimial to convert to DC then power the entire length with DC (assuming the length is within the 2 to 3m range)
Can you run the whole string on DC to get flicker free light? i'm super sensitive to flickering LEDs You often say it's only flickering to the camera and not to the eye... well maybe i'm a cyborg or robot.
Hi Clive, I was wondering about something. You say that items you are looking at are "very interesting" and "well worth looking at", but have you ever bought or been given something to look at that was such utter pish or trash that you didn't even bother making a video? If so, what items might they have been?
I'm sure this is showing my ignorance but I was wondering about the bridge rectifier. If I remember correctly this is made of diodes. So, would it be possible to replace the rectifier chip with four LEDs?
Regular diodes have a high reverse breakdown voltage. LEDs, not so much. LEDs can only handle about 40 volts in the reverse direction before breaking. 1N4007 diodes have a reverse voltage of 1000V.
Not really. While LED's are technically diodes, they're not very good diodes. If you tried to use them as a bridge rectifier at mains voltages, they would burn out fairly quickly. The bridge rectifier chip is probably rated up to a thousand volts, LED's not so much.
The problem with using LEDs as diodes at mains frequency is visible flicker. Each diode in a bridge rectifier is only conducting half of the time. It is pretty easy to wire individual LEDs so they don't see a reverse voltage higher than 3 volts. Individual LEDs need to be wired in back to back pairs. This won't work with these high voltage arrays. If the 72 volt arrays were wired in pairs, any imperfections within an array could lead to the series connected LEDs not splitting the reverse voltage evenly.
Is it really blue or is it near uv... Do they all contain rectifiers every segment so you can cut it anywhere? Before when they couldn't make blue how then did they use phosphors? Or didn't they use them at all because, though being cheaper it just wasn't technologically available
Usually, the LED material itself glows in the desired color. Red (GaAsP) and green (doped GaN), with yellow being red+green. Phosphors are used to get white light out of blue LEDs.
@@BigClive you're so right 👍. Watched it without my reading glasses and took the darker connections for the LED's. Gonna try to see here some through the microscope 🔬 here as well.
The gold wires decide if they are in series or parallel. The alignment of the units is so that you could easily bond them up in parallel for 110v while having the exact same light output.
Came here to say the exact same thing. Layout obviously intended to allow parallel or series bonding connections.
Yep, I thought the same
I like that you're using the actual wire colour in your schematics.
Regarding the linear regulator: "It's dissipating only 18mA, that's the equivalent of just 100 or 200 Watts... Thats quite impressive..." Laughed way to hard about that 😄
That is one hell of a chip to do that :P
You can do that if you get the heat out of there ;)
Im designing a product off a similar concept but nearly zero ripple for high power applications. If it wasnt for thermal control, we wouldnt be able to do what we are doing safely.
It takes me back to 1967, Big Clive's drawings are now in colour.
"it just dissipates one or two hundred watts"
well, I think with that power, the regulator would glow brighter than the LEDs :D
and 18 milliamps?
@@ketas Its efficient, lol
@@ketas Noticed that too
Didn't You know, that this is correct? Just at another input voltage levels and only briefly :>
@@poprawa We are joking, he ment milliwatts, not watts.
These make standard LED lamps look over engineered now lol... great that cheap light technology is advancing, hope it lasts longer than these cheapy led lamps we are currently seeing advertised with 10,000 hrs lol... great stuff Clive 😎👍
IDK I have an early LED bulb in one of my bathrooms along with a folded florescent and both have been running now for almost 20 years. Admittedly they haven't been on all the time so the cumulative time on the bulbs may not be 10,000 hours. One has to admit that almost 20 years without changing a light bulb is pretty good.
Insane level of manufacturing, great take Clive!
I remember when I first found a HV LED a few years ago. My grandma bought me an LED dichroic-like lamp (I was 13 years old or so). I took it apart (just couldn't resist) and there was a fairly big SMD chip with what appeared to be 4 LED blocks under the phosphor. I was amused by such a big LED and when I tried to power it up with my own supply just to find out I had to use two in series to get it to barely turn on I was *confused as fox*. _It might not be an LED_ I thought. I Just couldn't comprehend how a 4 die chip would require such high voltages. I researched a lot just to find nothing about that chip. It took me years of just watching teardowns by RUclipsrs like you, or DiodeGoneWild and such to discover (or rather learn) that these four dies may just have been clusters of LEDs all packed together in one single block. This things (although being just a cheap and dirty way of doing things) are just amusing from a technological perspective. - I mean, im 21, I shouldn't be so impressed by it, but it is just awesome, won't lie heh
Keep that sense of awe, curiosity, and ability to be impressed. When you lose that, you will turn into a crusty old man.
did the granny frown? they always cried and my ass hurt often from punishments, when i took everything apart in my home. i mean just one thing was left...
@@ketas I never told her, some the day the lamp just disappeared :)
But she bought for me cuz i was interested in knowing how was it like. So I guess it was fine - ?
Incredibly modular, and for the engineering / moulding / assembly, incredibly cheap! Since those modules are so very compact, I can think of a host of uses - and you must wonder what design delights are just around the corner, so to speak!
Correction May Be Needed At 3'52 "...only dissipating one or two hundred watts"
was thinking the same... xD now my question is HOW the hell did u post this comment 10 days ago when the video is just 1 hour old??😂😂
@@timo5628 Patreon members get to see it first
@@timo5628 time machines are real
Video coming soon
@@timo5628 patreon, he get the video earlier
Sometimes I’m absolutely astonished how something so tiny can take such a massive voltage. If you plopped that picture in front of me and said “what do you make of this” without any context I would’ve told you that looks like an LED and it looks like something that would blow up if you overvolted it.
Just fantasic now what manufactures can do. I remember Tomorrows World programme with an LED and it was like witch craft at the time.
When Tomorrow's World was about the super modern and not on TBN TV channel!!!🤜🇬🇧🤛‼️
@@alexmarshall4331 yep 👍
I love you opened the coloured Sharpies in the drawing!
Technology has come very far, I'm quite impressed. It's so ultra simplistic!
I remember when I first saw light coming from a diode as a kid and everyone I asked about it were dismissive, stating that it was just a phenomenon that some diodes do that. I thought that solidstate light was a big deal. Ay least an upgrade from grain of wheat or neon bulbs.
The positioning of the blocks and LEDs suggests that for the 120V version they wire the two blocks in parallel and for the 240V version they wire them in series. This is a very common way to have a nearly common design for 120V and 240V
Those big LED dies look very cool running at low current, with the whole surface lit up. The first time I looked at one through a magnifying glass, I thought it was an effect of the phosphor being over the die causing the whole surface to light up, but then I took a close look at a regular blue LED and saw the whole surface of that die was lit too.
I do wonder how big they could make an LED die. Like could you make a 300mm wafer sized LED?
Very impressive!
Thanks for the descriptive video. 🙂
Oh yeh, if you look up the Cree MT-G2 (my all-time favorite emitter, creamy-white goodness...), you'd see it can be internally wired for 6V, 9V, or 36V. I even have some flashlights with MT-G2s in them.
So these are the super bright LED's usually found around 24 hour independent gas stations and liquor stores. I've noticed stores that usually have these types of lights also sell smoking glass pipes for various illicit things as well as tiny digital scales.
Amazing manufacturing. very interesting look at them
Around 10 years ago Seoul Semiconductor made line voltage LEDs that ran on120V or 240V. They came on the ubiquitous hex shaped sink around 2 cm across with 2 smc resistors (1 in each direction) & had the typical 120 degree silicone lens. I think they had 2 or 3 shades of white. AND THEY WERE AWESOME! I replaced my fishtank fluorescent with them when the ballast blew. They required nothing more than wires and are still working as I speak. They are also not terribly strobey either which implies they had two junctions under one phosphor perhaps smoothing out the jagged edges with the normal decay of the excitation somewhat like an incandescent lamp. Another great idea that they don't make any more. Sigh.
Helpful video
Wow they look fantastic in blue good hack thanks Clive
Could these be the future of domestic light bulbs? Hopefully with a bit of smoothing.
They probably last too long to be a consumer product.
The LEDs are already used in many lamps.
That was relaxing and educational, Thank you 🙏
These were Sine modules, Clive. Are there Cosine, Tangent, Cosecant, Secant and Cotangent modules as well? .... sorry, I was just being silly.
Sure they make cosine modules but they're just a marketing gimmick. You're better off making your own by taking a sine module and rotating it by 90 degrees.
@@igrim4777 Brilliant. A response for the ages. LOL
The regulator dissipating 1 or 2 hundred watts! lol
*miliwatts
@@gd.ritter *gigawatts.
He was checking if we were all paying attention ... I did a double take too ... I'd love to see more of the magnification side of what he did. I assume that took a while to setup and we appreciated that work (the exposure must have been tricky to get right?) Can we get even more zoom or was that the upper limit ?
Things have really moved along at quite a pace. Doesn't seem that long ago that I was paying $2.50 for a dim blue 5mm LED...
Cool video!
Quite illuminating analysis...
This is hardcore redundancy, as many fully functional drivers as many light sources
If you want some really small LEDs, tear down a backlit laptop keyboard - if the tiny individual lights are real LEDs and not a meshed screen, we're talking about LEDs below 0.01mm in size (at least on my Lenovo laptop). Probably multiple elements inside a bigger SMD package.
you can buy pre-wired SMD LEDs like that, they market them to model builders. very popular with the model railroad folks.
Apple's latest "Mini-LED" displays pack about 10,000 individually-controlled LEDs into a 16" backlight. Small, but not microscopic.
Possibly flip-chip LEDs.
Nice! That's a tight manufacturing process they're using. They seem to be getting good at it. Cheers!
i love the neon pink calculator
These were available but in the simplistic bathtub type module from ROK in 2014. Signmakers rejected them on safety grounds preferring low voltage inside their letters and boxes. I don’t see that changing.
Wooo thats some led voltage
The voltage across the regulator isn't 18V. It should be from next to zero up to 116V at the peak of the sine wave. My calculations show an average of around 40V.
I'm wondering as so many things around the house are using DC and all have their own AC-DC power supplies would you use less power having a DC loop and sockets around the house with one efficient converter and maybe a battery bank to smooth thing's out including lights off the top of my head I can think of 40+ thing's in my house that all have their own AC-DC power supplies I think having DC on tap the losses through heat etc would make a significant difference
Everything needs different voltages though, so you'd be replacing a lot of ACDC supplies with DCDC supplies, which essentially just saves you 4 diodes worth a couple cents.
All that stuff requires different voltages, so you've really gained nothing as everything still has a lossy DC DC converter in it. I guess you could standardize something for lighting, but it would be a tall order to refit existing home construction in countries where lighting and outlet circuits are often not separated.
@@MichaelGiacomelli good point but 12v and 5v seems to be used for most things how hot plugs for thing's like internet rougher's get and are 24/7 bugs me and now all of the lights in the house are LED what is the point of using AC-DC converters on every bulb that are cheep and made knowing full well it's going in the bin after maximum 1 year
@@Broken_Yugo pulling the legs of the lighting circuit from the AC is purity simple
I could see a future 24V DC buss in homes for lighting and powering small devices.
Can't wait to see the green LEDs
Awesome big Clive
Quite interesting for us geek nerds. It would be cool to see the tiniest led chip or junction.
Wow very interesting , and for such a simple design and idea 👍👍❤️ Clive you are the man your knowledge on on all the stuff you play with is amazing
Another led video. Yeah i love it
I saw the original video and how difficult it was to open these.
At first I was thinking they may have been "potted" inside clear resin.
Probably people out there drooling at the sight of the gold bond wires thinking how much money they could make if they extracted it all, not that there's much in there, would cost a lot of money for a little dot of gold... :P
3:52 18mA and 100 or 200W?
Heheheh :P Really neat little devices I have to say! The development in LEDs is really intriguing
Are you sure you can put zoomed in photos of naked LEDs up on RUclips like this???
Clive love your videos of led etc related I know very much about electronic etc but not everything so yeah with you I can learn more. Have a nice week
very nice follow up video, and interesting 🙂
A very enlightening video. 😆👍
The first time I saw high voltage LEDs in this package size was in the backlight of a TV. A few had failed causing the TV to power off. Samsung I believe it was. Probably a common failure for these new LEDs
Would you consider looking into 12V high intensity LEDs some time?
I kinda want to start a collection of art made from prints Clive has done of PCB's at the micro level.
Where were the Blue LED strips from Clive ??
I have these lights in pink blue and white and yellow but mine are only 12volt . They cost like 20p each
that was very cool
Are those 12 LED modules built up all on one substrate? They must make those with a similar method to how ICs are made.
Metal-organic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE) is how they're made. Basically chemical vapor deposition (CVD) with some organometallic chemistry thrown in. CVD is how ICs are layered, but ICs are then etched (via UV lithography) with the circuitry patterns. The GaN devices under Clive's microscope look like they're deposited onto tiny rectangular patches of a substrate.
It's all extremely high tech, yet at the same time it's routinely done on a massive scale. (It's kind of scary how dependent the world is on just a handful of these factories.)
I thought they might be on a common substrate, but the slight staggering is odd.
If you look closely, you might see Terrance or Phillip from South Park.
It is 18 Volt not 18 mA @ 3:48 !!
Awesome! Could we make an actual giant LED like that so it can be displayed like an art piece? Imagine the voltage drop though... 🤔😁👍️
You could 3D print one and illuminate it internally.
@@BigClive I like your thinking, sir! I happen to have a 3D printer in the corner that looks like it's bored. Can't have that now...
Without a doubt the resistors are there to prevent the entire string from slipping into another dimension least a diode went short c. Or as you state no smoothing sooooo perhaps to balence the peek load. Live long and prosper. PS looks like ur up for another invasion May 28th.......vvvvvrrroooommmmm...oh shite
Milliwatts?
You should invest in a A4 size white board so you can write & wipe off info & save a few trees;)
That's allota uv.
If I might share the struggles of one of our fellow youtubers, Anton Petrov. He and his family deserve your prayers.
IP65?
Do they get hot cuz I have a torch with 9 LEDs and it gets hot
These are run quite low power.
Shouldn't you be multiplying the RMS voltage by the square root of 2
It's unsmoothed, so still working with RMS.
are those pure gold wires
Not sure the exact composition.
Cheers
If the regulator is so simple and limits like a resistor could not a 3´rd resistor do well enough to simplify it further or would that give a run away amperage ?
It would result in intensity variation with voltage fluctuations.
@@BigClive So a resistor and a cap then? That would be cheaper right?
1:58 Isn't it 18 LEDs?
Glad to see I'm not the only one with brain farts :)
Doesn't look very cat or toddler safe. Still, I suppose most places have earth leakage cutoffs.
Yep, my friends kitten chewed through a few sets, although luckily they were only 12v.
These are normally inside signs for internal illumination.
With no caps, wouldn't they flicker especially at 50hz?
The AC is turned into un-smoothed DC, which at 50 Hz means 100 Hz ripple. So, yes, but at a higher rate of speed (which is why it wasn't super evident on Clive's camera).
Not easy to see flicker. They are lit for most of the time.
Is this a better design to run AC to each segment or would it be more optimial to convert to DC then power the entire length with DC (assuming the length is within the 2 to 3m range)
The use of AC is simple and allows a lot of modules to be run. But it's covered by different regulations than the safer 12 and 24V versions.
Can you run the whole string on DC to get flicker free light? i'm super sensitive to flickering LEDs
You often say it's only flickering to the camera and not to the eye... well maybe i'm a cyborg or robot.
Smoothing it would increase the voltage and regulator dissipation.
There 18 leds not 24 you counted 4*3 but it is 3*3 both *2 @ 1.41 minutes
Hi Clive, I was wondering about something. You say that items you are looking at are "very interesting" and "well worth looking at", but have you ever bought or been given something to look at that was such utter pish or trash that you didn't even bother making a video? If so, what items might they have been?
You can't get much trashier than the 50-cent capacitors sold as $20 "power savers"!
Even the bad stuff usually gets featured.
I'm sure this is showing my ignorance but I was wondering about the bridge rectifier. If I remember correctly this is made of diodes. So, would it be possible to replace the rectifier chip with four LEDs?
Regular diodes have a high reverse breakdown voltage. LEDs, not so much. LEDs can only handle about 40 volts in the reverse direction before breaking. 1N4007 diodes have a reverse voltage of 1000V.
❌ - ⚠️
Not really. While LED's are technically diodes, they're not very good diodes. If you tried to use them as a bridge rectifier at mains voltages, they would burn out fairly quickly. The bridge rectifier chip is probably rated up to a thousand volts, LED's not so much.
The problem with using LEDs as diodes at mains frequency is visible flicker. Each diode in a bridge rectifier is only conducting half of the time.
It is pretty easy to wire individual LEDs so they don't see a reverse voltage higher than 3 volts. Individual LEDs need to be wired in back to back pairs.
This won't work with these high voltage arrays. If the 72 volt arrays were wired in pairs, any imperfections within an array could lead to the series connected LEDs not splitting the reverse voltage evenly.
Thanks for the replies setting me right. In my defense I still think of diodes as tiny versions of the vacuum tube versions I first used at school.
Is it really blue or is it near uv... Do they all contain rectifiers every segment so you can cut it anywhere?
Before when they couldn't make blue how then did they use phosphors? Or didn't they use them at all because, though being cheaper it just wasn't technologically available
Usually, the LED material itself glows in the desired color. Red (GaAsP) and green (doped GaN), with yellow being red+green. Phosphors are used to get white light out of blue LEDs.
Before blue LEDs they didn't have phosphor colours.
@@BigClive ah I see, I don't like coloured leds, clearly it's just white with a filter 😂
Yes, but what is the wattage?
That depends on how hard the manufacturers want to drive them. It could be a long lasting low power LED or a short lasting high power one.
Going to suck when all LEDs are 120V & you need to handle high voltage to make a flashlight.
👍👍👋
Maybe you should get one of those cheap USB microscopes from China that act like a webcam.
I only count 11 LEDs per, for a total of 22. Am I missing one hidden in there?
The pads are on LEDs too. It's a 3 by 4 array.
@@BigClive ahh.. I see it now. Thanks :D
HaHa, 1 or 2 hundred WATTS! 3:50
18 mA drop? Shouldn't that have been 18 V drop?
ruclips.net/video/7AwQayxjMwE/видео.html
3:51 well one or two hundred _watts_ is more of problematic :~D :~D
9+9=24 ?
12+12=24.
Could they dispose of the resistors then if they just added an mov?
No. The resistors will also limit current while the linear regulator stabilises.
@@BigClive... Won't an mov?
I'm so disappointed. I thought he finally hooked up the ozone machine backwards and shrunk himself down to LED level.
Pretty dang nifty :)
666 likes
Nice 👌
But ..... 3x3 = 9 ......9x2=18 and not 24 😉
They are 3X4 arrays.
@@BigClive you're so right 👍. Watched it without my reading glasses and took the darker connections for the LED's. Gonna try to see here some through the microscope 🔬 here as well.
240 volts is classed as low voltage.
In electrical distribution yes. But this is in electronic terms.
Brilliant - no electrolytic capacitors, so, should be quite long-lived.