Brains vs. Bias: Crash Course Psychology #24
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- Опубликовано: 7 авг 2024
- In this episode of Crash Course Psychology, Hank takes a look at WAIS and WISC intelligence tests and how bias can really skew both results and the usefulness of those results.
Want more videos about psychology? Check out our sister channel SciShow Psych at / scishowpsych !
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Chapters:
Introduction 00:00
WAIS & WISC Tests 1:09
Standardized Tests 2:08
Reliability & Validity 3:46
Twin & Adoption Studies - Genetics of Intelligence 4:40
Environmental Influences on Intelligence 6:55
Testing Bias 8:05
Stereotype Threat 8:57
Review & Credits 10:16
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Hank: don’t let a number define you
Me at 10:00 studying for my Ap psych exam 😰
Amazing Amazing
Why does the time matter, dont let the number define you
"Don't let a number puff you up or drag you down, and don't let it define you"
Easier said than done when the state of your future is almost entirely judged by these tests when you're going through school.
This is one of the few places that contains necessary, logical comments... Boy am I glad to find hope in humanity.
I LOVE THIS CHANNEL. I just found it as I'm studying for my CPCE exam to become a therapist. I plan to watch everything they've done. THEN I JUST REALIZED, JOHN GREEN WROTE MY FIRST FAVORITE BOOK WHILE I WAS IN HIGH SCHOOL 15 YEARS AGO - LOOKING FOR ALASKA. noooooooo wonder, I'm obsessed. This is amazing. Wow, I'm so proud of you guys!!!
In this episode of CrashCourse Psychology, ***** takes a look at WAIS and WISC intelligence tests and how bias can really skew both results and the usefulness of those results.
Hank, The "which is the oddone out" question is wrong because bananas are berries and so are apples blueberries and oranges. Strawberries aren't berries (weird right?). So the strawberries are the odd one out. just to say: tomatoes and watermelons are berries too.
Audrija Sarkar I believe the question was about "things", not "fruits". Referring to the image, to me it was an indication that the comparaison of coulour and shape had to be done, not of the objects represented. Then again, I wouldn't mind being wrong about this, and I learned a lot about bananas today thanks to you.
Audrija Sarkar Also, strawberries are the only one with seeds on the outside.
Izzy .Dead That would be one of the simpler explanations
Audrija Sarkar Neither color nor shape is sufficient to distinguish one object from the group. The banana is the sole object in the group that is peeled before eating, though.
I keep it with Stephen Hawking - I don't want to know what my IQ is. I'm pretty sure that I would be devastated by the outcome.
He's dead so take that test
I loved that Carl Sagan's ghost made an appearance here..
"We are all full of infinite, suprising potential."
Indeed!
I hate how some questions, especially reading questions, are based off of a certain opinion. Like a question would ask what something in the story meant and the people writing the test had a certain opinion about it but you think differently and choose the "wrong" answer.
Purple Nerd Literature the school subject in a nutshell.
I understood the banana was off, but I couldn't help but think of all the other potential possibilties that made the fruits different from each other. It's really just a gamble in trying to pick the theory why the examiner took these fruits and what he is hoping you are seeying that is disimilar. Completely subjective. I remember tonnes of questions like these in school and they frustrated the hell out of me.
Just don't overthink the questions. I know that sounds too simple but if you don't overthink the question you generally come up with the right answer even if upon further thinking there's other good answers. The questions aren't meant to trick you even though sometimes it seems like you're being trolled.
Thee real answer is strawberries tho
Audrija Sarkar thought so too...
But went with bananas because thats prolly what they wanted to hear.
BrutusAlbion Yes I agree with you as well. There is no right anwser to any of these questions in some way they are all right you just have to veiw them in the right way.
***** Do you HAVE to peel it? I don't eat fruit but pretty sure apple is the only one with large seeds that we eat around or don't eat at all.
I think that the biggest thing holding people back is motivation, not intelligence, and motivation most certainly is nurture based. Schools don't have enough really challenging material in the basic curriculum these days. The top grades are too close to the mediocre ones and when a somewhat intelligent person keeps getting between Bs & A*s without effort they're not going to develop much of a work ethic.
Arkantos
I have plenty of challenging material. Went from 40% on a quiz to a 98% on the test.
I agree with the message, but pretty much everything in psychology is, in fact, influenced by both nurture and nature. What you call motivation is liked to conscientiousness, a personality trait which is part of the "Big Five", or five factor model. Genetic influence has been shown to account for 40-60% of the variance in these traits. Of course, we can still foster it, just like intelligence.
Arkantos not true. What holds people back is the ideas imprinted in their minds. How often do u hear your friends tell each other "that's impossible" or "no way u can do that"? The truth is that nothing is impossible, we back ourselves down.
Not to mention it’s not really about learning any more. All it has become is tests, grades, quizzes, tests, and more tests. You learn things specifically to pass the tests and you don’t get a whole lot of time to truly LEARN, which makes it boring for people like me.
Don't u think motivation comes in environment ...
Yea, I'm one of those people. My tests always scored very high on reading compretention and writing skills. Yet I am terrible at spelling, math, and physical cordination, and my social skills are not that great either. Anyhow, one test I took scored me at 124, high average, but that's averaging out my high scores in some areas with my low ones in others. The thing is, different IQ tests measure for different things, so people like me can have widely different test scores depending on which test they take and what it is measuring for.
Opinunate ted I know this is an old comment but if there was more than about a 5 point variance between individual test scores the tests you took most likely didn’t meet the criteria described in the video (standardization being the most important).
Table of Contents
WAIS & WISC Tests 01:09.22
Standardization & Validity 02:13.10
IQ Performance 07:44.12
Hank: don't let a number define you
me at the end: I can't believe Bernice was with 23 beans I swear it was 24
I love the series and absolutely loved this video. Really enjoy how passionate Hank is when explaining stuff, particularly in this episode.
Congrats and thanks a lot for the videos :)
Cheers!
In regards to the fruit question I am wondering how nebulous it actually is.
All of the fruits except for the strawberry grow up off the ground on a firm stem.
All of the fruits are picked in the warmer months except for the apple.
All of the fruit fall on the short wavelength colour spectrum except for the blueberry.
All of the fruits contain seeds except for the banana.
Things would get even more complicated if I could recall the exact nutritional value, chemical composition, harvest yield, origin of the species and their current value on todays markets.
So I ask you, which one of these things is least like the other?
banana is long
Jader7777 banana have seeds ... because if it didn't it would be a vegetable
Zander GTG and the blueberry is 5 X smaller then the others :l
Jader7777 A banana has a much different shape than all of the other fruits, and it isn't commonly made to create juice. Additionally it's the only fruit of the bunch where you must peel the skin in order to eat it.
Jared Prymont I agree. I'm guessing they say that the banana is different from the others based on it's shape but I would argue that all those fruits have distinct shapes and the blueberry clearly stand out as the color blue does not contain red like all the other fruits do(in the RGB color model). Blueberry is also a lot more expensive per unit of weight than the others where I live. I can't imagine that most people won't be able to justify their decision no matter what fruit they pick.
About the series of numbers: it depends on whether one reads the list from left to right or right to left. If you read it from left to right, then 6 is the number that doesn't make any sense. If you read if from right to left, then 2 doesn't make any sense.
2 is the odd one out.
If you remove 2, each digit is one less than the second digit on its right and one more than the second digit on its left.
9 is one more than 8.
6 is one more than 5.
8 is one less than 9 and one more than 7.
5 is one less than 6 and one more than 4.
7 is one less than 8 and one more than 6 (remember we removed 2).
4 is one less than 5
6 is one less than 7
i like your way of thinking :D and it's the right way :D
Yea, too bad the answers were at the end of the video.
I just finished my second semester of single-variable calculus, but I still like to think about things qualitatively, and keep it down to earth.
the way i found it is similar to yours but for me it's hard to explain since I am not a native speaker :D
Native speaker? Do you speak mathematics? ;)
Thank you! I was wondering what the pattern was.
1:26 describes my entire experience with math 😂
+Kaci Taylor
((x-1)/2-1)/2=5
So, x=23
aha...
+Jakob Luttrull ...what?...
/runs away crying in frustration
CrashCourse Psych has helped me soooo much in my classes. THANK YOU!
The statements you said before you gave the answers to your questions was really inspiring. Especially since I'll be taking the AP exams soon (the AP Psych tomorrow, in fact XD).
I'm disappointed that there wasn't any reference to the GOAT! Missed opportunity much!
I still remember assaulting everyone in the GOAT test room. Good times.
Kalik but doctor, wouldn't that cause a parabolic destabilization of the fission singularity?
xEl Gringo Loco Yeah, up yours too buddy!
I remember knocking Butch out and taking the test while he was unconscious, thus causing him to miss it. That's probably why he became a barber.
in the world where such system of measuring students with standardized tests is deeply embedded into the society, sadly, the test scores represent the students' abilities starting as early as elementary school, causing students getting different opportunities and education depending on who knows the test more, not really their ability to learn.
Exactly, especially considering funding in America. Schools that have low test scores get less funding from the state and schools that have higher get more, which is extremely counterintuitive. A school will have lower than average test scores, so their budget gets slashed, which means they have less money for resources such as text books, tutoring, quality teachers, etc. That means students perform even lower, so their funding is cut again, and it’s a never ending cycle. It’s completely unfair to students, who are primarily from lower class families. The standardized tests do not grade learning ability, intelligence, or work ethic. They grade on what you were taught, then punish kids that did not receive a quality education with a worse one the following year
I've gotta say, there have been times when I've heard a completely rational, logical statement made that has completely changed my opinion on certain matters. Some situations definitely give intelligence the advantage over bias.
This presentation is a highly technology, can speak so fast and so wise.
I love your videos!! I was wondering if you could do one on the fundamental attribution error and self-serving bias. I'm doing a speech on these topics so it would really help! Thanks for the consideration!
This will be so helpful to my AP Psych study this year.
Any test will by design also test your ability in taking tests.
Which is a good ability to have in school, but not very important at a workplace.
I remember when I was in high school one of my teacher noticed that a few of the students were doing well in class but scored low on the tests. He started giving tests to those students in smaller, less stressful groups and they all raised their scores.
Which also shows how important good teachers are.
I'm not intending to be inflammatory when I say this ,but why does it seem like people avoid calling black people black? They use "African American" even though some Africans are white ,and not everyone who is black and lives in America is directly from Africa.
The stupidest part is that most of the black people I've known prefer to be called black and don't like being called African-American.
Probably because people are afraid of being inflammatory.
Yeah, cuz then there's always that one person who gets upset over being called black even though they've never even been to Africa, let alone be from there. It's a shame the oversensitivity of a few has to make things awkward for the rest of us who don't even give a damn about things like race. I was born "colorblind", I was raised "colorblind", and I will die "colorblind".
"African-american" is insulting to anyone that's not an african immigrant if you ask me. It'd be the same as calling white people "european-american". Identifying people by race is redundant unless you're trying to describe their general physical appearance.
sinephase Truth.
I love these vids. Keep them coming
1:27 speaks to me on an emotional level.
I find the fact that intelligence correlation between twins raised in different families increases over time interesting - it seems to confirm the idea that one "grows into oneself".
Taking a cognitive test just for fun, I actually felt my brain strain (and I kept pushing it, just like working out a muscle, meaning (applying inductive reasoning) that you CAN 'exercise' your brain)...
One question was deftly tricky - you had to make a shift in your thinking mode from pattern-based recognition to system based - it was a number pattern question of the type "What would the next number be?", where they had previous questions which were based on the spatial relationships of the numbers (such as a series that skipped every three numbers), then they threw a version that added a system relationship (where the next number was the next prime number, though it was skipping by two's, which served to defeat the spatial mode of thinking). The only way that question could have been answered in the short time allowed was to have encountered it before - i.e. prior experience at such tests (i.e. 'practicing' at the tests - which defeats the validity of the tests).
10:09 is a good example of a culturally biased question (because any of the potential answers apply - what the question is looking for is a culturally colloquial saying), though I see that they may have screwed-up the question - which should have been "Which item does not fit the group" (and the answer would have been the lemon - which does not directly correlate to a hand), indicating an ADHD moment in the question creators.
Can you do a crash course philosophy class.
You should check out 8-bit philosophy. It's a very unique approach to the whole informative RUclips video genre.
Justin Wilder Thank you, this looks like a very interesting channel
Check out 8 bit philosophy, philosophy tube and wise crack :)
Awesome video, I loved it :-)
That's crazy I just took a it test last week and now u guys are doing all these videos on it
This is so interesting!
love this show. will there ever be or is there a any classes that can help you learn and understand the laws?
I sure like your thinking more than John's ideas.
Thanks.
This is fascinating.
Bernice had 23 jellybeans.
I can't stop doing these.
*EDIT* Finally finished the video, and the answers were at the end. :(
My answer came from the equation: x-1-((x-1)/2) - 1 - (x-1-(x-1)/2-1)/2=5
It literally just follows the text of what John was saying.
She has X jelly beans [x], eats one [-1], gives half of what's remaining away [(x-1)/2], eats another [-1], then gives half of the remaining away [(x-1-(x-1)/2-1)/2], and has 5 left [=5].
It's messy, but simplifies quickly.
exactly, it's just implications, like with the number series one, the fruits and the piano ones on the other hand were quite subjective and depended a lot on the definition one had of each of the objects and the situation.
This is an example of where mental math is a lot easier than written math
On the banana question, I went with bananas the gut reaction due to shape and color, but I also thought it could be the peach because leaves only have 1 seed, where all other have multiple, it could also be the strawberry since it's the only one with seeds on the outside as well as I remember reading once that a strawberry is distinctly different from a lot of fruit in the sense that the flesh isn't technically a fruit it's like a flower or something, due to some kind of weird classification, though I might be thinking of another fruit.
I just discovery this channel and im watching like crazy, its a lot of fun!!! I know you guys have a schedue and tend to already have lots of future content programmed but can i ask something? In the future you have some episodes talking about diseases, like schizophrenia, im trying to find information but is god dawm hard to find exact informations about it
THX crashcoruse for all this vieos!
Tldr: if you have "good enough" environmental conditions genetics tend to dominate, especially over the long run. If you're in poor conditions, it doesn't really matter if you're Einstein or not.
Thank you so much
I'm starting my doc program soon. Pretty sure I get to learn how to distribute the WISC and WAIS...eventually.
I swear that I am getting more intelligent and learning easier as I get older. Maybe it's because I used to have no idea how to learn/study before.
This video was fairly comprehensive. The only problem I'm having is that IQ tests do in fact show differences between the genders. They also show differences between ethnic groups.
I get the idea that the IQ test wasn't designed to tell whether women are smarter than men. But, the most current findings shows that there are quantifiable differences between the sexes as measured on the IQ test.
I also understand the concept of "stereotype threat", that this can effect IQ results. But, that's why any good statistician would apply an adjusted means to account for these variables. In other words, whether the person administering the test is a woman/man, black/white would and should have negligible effects on the results of the test.
Awesome!
Another important thing to note is that the WISC is used to help diagnose learning disabilities. If a child is doing poorly when they first enter school but they score well on the WISC it's a strong sign that they have a learning disability. The child can then get the help they need to both retain the information they learn in class, and express that information; be it more time on tests or access to computers.
1. A piano is a percussion/sting musical "instrument"(for lack of better adjective". Music is produced by pressing a key which strikes an internal cord or varying sizes producing an acoustic hum. 2. The bone hand thingy.
3. Strawberry
4. 23
5. 2
thank you
The second question makes no sense. Every answer is right. Apple-beacause it is the only one we eat when it is green, Banana- because it looks differntly, Strawberry, because it has seeds in the outside, Peach-because it is the only one whith only one seed, and I didn't knew what was the last one, because Blueberries are not as common in my country as in your country. But after I looked into it, it is the only one that grows on bushes. Not like the first, or the third questions are much more sensible.
+Norbert Cseh Actually strawberries also grow on bushes. But yeah I agree, there are different answers
Really? My grandmother has some in her garden, but they grow in the ground. Are you sure, you don't mistake them with raspberries?
Norbert Cseh I've seen a couple of bushels of strawberries. At least they've looked like bushes. Maybe I've mistaked them for being on a bush when they're growing on the ground
+Norbert Cseh he also said "least" like the others and the banana is the least like the others
It's a pretty subjective point of view.
We could have a Crash Course about the human passion for debate. I've seen people debate about " Who's the best between Hulk and whoever ?" for days. But bananas, that's new. It'd be interesting for me to understand this "human condition" a bit more.
Thanks for the great channel by the way.
This made me want a crash course statistics course!
What is a piano? A piano is a musical instrument (an object capable of producing many different audio tones in response to being interacted with in similar but still different ways). It has several rectangular buttons, called "keys", which each produce a distinct tone. While there are various ways of linking these keys to their tones, the first method involved a complex series of levers triggered by each key which vibrated strings of varying dimensions; this method is typically the one associated with the word "piano". The electronic method is typically called a "keyboard".
Which one of these things is least like the others? I would argue the grape. The wavelengths of red, orange, and yellow are all on the high end of the visible spectrum, while purple is on the low end.
Juice is to glass as hand is to what? Glove. Juice is normally put inside a glass. Hands are put inside gloves.
Which one of these numbers does not belong in the series? 2. The series follows a pattern of x, n-3, n+1, n-3, n+1..., where n is the previous value and x is an arbitrary starting position (9 in this case).
Bernice, jellybeans, etc.... x=23.
EDIT: These answers were written before realizing they were answered at the end of the video.
+Manabender I was gonna do this
+Manabender why did you feel the need to answer these questions?
Basically, this is why.
xkcd.com/356/
I would say the strawberry because it isn't a fruit.
the pattern is just two series of decrementing numbers 9876(54321) and 654(321) or -3+2-3+2-3+2-3+2 if you prefer
the sequence is subtly deceptive in that the extra number was inserted in to a correct pattern rather than having one number replaced. The correct pattern would seem to be 96857463 making is seem like both the final numbers (26) are wrong when its actually 9685746 (simply removing the 2)
I only studied one of the five subjects I sat, this year. That was also the only one I didn't pass. The others I got As and Bs.
As an adopts child, I find the graph comparing children to their birth parents fascinating and frightening. Can you point me to what papers/experts you consulted? I'm really interested in finding out more on this specific subject.
The strawberry is the only nut in the mix, so I would argue that the least similar is strawberry - especially since both banana and plums are berries.
It is also the only one which does not grow on a tree and the only one whose plant spreads in two ways rather than just seeds (strawberry plants also spread via long tendrils reaching out, burrowing and forming a new independant plant with its own roots).
That's a biased answer. You seem like you know more about strawberries than you do about the others so it stands out to you more.
Strawberries have nuts on the outside and they are technically an aggregate fruit (as opposed to a simple fruit), meaning that they are a made from a number of different "parts" rather than just one part. One of those parts that you put in the mouth is a collection of "thick, woody pericarp surrounding a single seed" which constitutes a nut.
Bananas are technically berries, along with oranges and plumbs. Apples are not berries but still grow on trees, meaning they are more in common with the rest, rather than the banana.
Anyway, this is a fruitless (ba dum tiss!) discussion, because it depends on the kind of knowledge you are trying to measure - still, I thought that strawberries "being nuts" and bananas being berries was pretty common knowledge, but it depends on local culture I guess.
Also, this quite clearly shows a problem with intelligence tests, because we are quite clearly of a different perception and point of view here, but that doesnt mean that any of us is in the wrong. It just proves that there may be more answers to the question, than the question maker thought, making the test itself useless for showing intelligence in the form of a number on a scale
Strawberries are not nuts. Nuts have hard shells.
The face/noise made after the bean question is exactly how I feel in an exam XD XD XD
They chose awesome studies and examples for this one! Is that Carl Sagan's ghost near the end? :')
That's amaizing
1:27 yep...
Anyone else creeped out by the sound effects used when displaying Vocabulary terms???
its very subtle underneath Hank's narration, but first there's the sound of insect whizzing by (which I'm fine with), but then there's bubbly sound of steam in a percolator, or the audio sampling of neurons firing? and repearedly hearing that as I listen with my headphones is really getting to me 😬
i other words, great video with many new terms to learn, with weird side effect
Psychology is awesome.
Wow! The youtube statistics look really cool XD
I was placed into the gifted services at my elementary school because I was able to score in the top 5% on the WISK test. Although I had a couple average scores they considered my background as a factor since I lived on an Indian reservation for most of my life at that time. So I assume they could not measure me as accurately on a Bell Curve or any other comparable average.
I always have to watch these videos twice before I understand everything that's been said.
Judging from the title I thought this was going to be about cognitive bias. I hope they'll make an episode about that too some time.
Please do some episode(s) on group psychology!
You're awesome :)
With the question at the beginning of the video about the fruit, I think a person would also be right if they chose the strawberry because it's the only fruit there with seeds on the outside.
At last another episode!
Anglerfish, Ontario - Nice place.
The fruit question could be answered differently, such as saying the strawberry is least like the others, as its seeds are on the outside. As for the number pattern, it could be said that the second 6 doesn't belong if you're following the rule that the difference between one number and the next follows 3, 2, 3, 2. 9 to 6 is 3, 6 to 8 is 2, as is 4 to 2. 2 to 6 would be breaking this rule.
How about a series about the history of cities?
I liked the point at 6:31
I have had to write professional certification tests for adults, thankfully, not for school students. It is mind-grindingly difficult. All the choices must be fair, consistent, unambiguous and plausible. The questions have to change from test round to test round and there must be different versions in each round so that test takers can't copy off of each-others papers. After the first few rounds went well, they wanted me to write other tests on other subjects. All my good ideas were used up in the first few rounds. Maintaining those tests was one of the hardest tasks of my professional life.
Hey Hank, thanks for the great video. It taught me a lot, but I couldn't help but be distracted by those little "spirit persons" appearing on your shoulders. Any explaination for that?
Is American standardized testing a good system, or should we adopt the systems of countries that score higher? Id like to see benefits and drawbacks to various methods
I was right on all questionswith the math one you just do it in revrse5x2=10, 10+1=11, 11x2=22, 22+1=23
I have a test tomorrow and 1:27
yld,
Hi. You described that our mental ability gets similar to our parents and doesn't depend on whether we are raised by biological parent or adopted one. But here my question is what is the relation of our mental ability to our mother and father??
I mean it is also a possibility that one parent might be smarter than other. Thanks :)
Damn, I thought that third one had the skeleton hand as the answer, being that the glass gives structure to the juice and the bones give structure to the hand.
how to solve the jelly bean problem she has five in the end 5*2=10 10+1=11 11+11= 22 22+1=23
the problem originally: she had X number of jelly beans, she ate one, gave half of the remainder to Bruno, she ate another and gave half of the remainder to her dog ( the dog will get sick).
I usually watch YT-videos on 125% speed. These episodes I have to watch at 75%. Very interesting though.
PLZ! PLZ! include some references! :) I love u guys!
are u going to do a video about nlp? I'd like to know a little more about it :)
Can i ask a question?
Suppose these is a test that give you the enviroment and hint and then tell you to do something.
Is that the intelligent test or the wisdom test ?
This may be my favorite CC episode. Very enlightening points about the fact that humans love to analyze other humans' intelligence, that aptitude tests are mainly for figuring out who is in the lower and upper echelons in order to better help them to be successful, the correlation between genetics and innate ability, and that though innate abilities exist, regardless of who does the stimulating, it takes nurture to cultivate innate abilities. The adopted child/parent correlation was really surprising. I also thought the stereotype threat evidence really helps to understand the concept of "privilege". Thanks, Hank and crew!
An episode on Industrial Organizational Psych would be cool.
I might be asking for a little to much but can you do crash course Philosophy? :)
1:20 thanks reaction is the same one I get when I take a test.😅😂
Can anyone tell me the twin studies Hank is referring to? I.e. Names, dates ???
Thanks Hank for 9:47. But it still really really sucks / hurts...
Reading (ability to comprehend), Math (logic puzzles), & the new testing for the SAT's Writing (English Writing is rule/law/exception based). Difficult to compare these two tests on your three based system with the added element of legal propaganda. As I say grammar/spelling is a living form differing from subsets of the same speaking culture so having a standardization to test the awareness of one set of rules/exceptions we establish a flawed/biased system. Even in the two based Reading/Math this ability of knowledge hierarchy tests memory more than anything else. So while one might test well in a subject we have a shift between K-12(learning a broad range) and college+(specific chosen subject). Meaning while it seems like a good idea to have no child left behind in either reading/math/writing we seem to change our conditioning for the professional arena.
just listened to this guys voice for seven hours
What's Crash Course's view on the pygmalion effect? Seems relevant to this video 🙂
Couldn't juice be to cup as hand is to skeleton because the skeleton shapes and supports the hand as the cup shapes and supports the juice? (I didn't see the glove because they were kinda fast but I like my answer better...)