You're Technically HOTTER Than The Sun (with XKCD!)
HTML-код
- Опубликовано: 28 сен 2024
- Where to buy WHAT IF? 2 by Randall Munroe - Amazon: bit.ly/3Rk5Vy2
Barnes and Noble: bit.ly/3AKwXIl
Penguin Random House: bit.ly/3HgfucP
Books-A-Million: bit.ly/3Q4bEH3
Bookshop: bit.ly/3q26vVk
IndieBound: bit.ly/3TyhX8W
Apple Books: bit.ly/3wNNBp9
FOR INTERNATIONAL EDITIONS, Including the UK and Germany, click here: xkcd.com/what-...
The #1 New York Times bestselling author of What If? and How To answers more of the weirdest questions you never thought to ask
The millions of people around the world who read and loved What If? still have questions, and those questions are getting stranger. Thank goodness xkcd creator Randall Munroe is here to help. Planning to ride a fire pole from the Moon back to Earth? The hardest part is sticking the landing. Hoping to cool the atmosphere by opening everyone’s freezer door at the same time? Maybe it’s time for a brief introduction to thermodynamics. Want to know what would happen if you rode a helicopter blade, built a billion-story building, made a lava lamp out of lava, or jumped on a geyser as it erupted? Okay, if you insist.
Before you go on a cosmic road trip, feed the residents of New York City to a T. rex, or fill every church with bananas, be sure to consult this practical guide for impractical ideas. Unfazed by absurdity, Munroe consults the latest research on everything from swing-set physics to airliner catapult-design to answer his readers’ questions, clearly and concisely, with illuminating and occasionally terrifying illustrations. As he consistently demonstrates, you can learn a lot from examining how the world might work in very specific extreme circumstances.
Support MinutePhysics on Patreon! / minutephysics
Link to Patreon Supporters: www.minutephysi...
What if Pluto were plutonium? And Uranus uranium? And Mercury mercury? This video is based off of a chapter of the new xkcd book "What If? 2"
MinutePhysics is on twitter - @minutephysics
And facebook - / minutephysics
Minute Physics provides an energetic and entertaining view of old and new problems in physics -- all in a minute!
Created by Henry Reich
never thought i'd learn a pickupline from a physics channel "you're hotter than the sun, there's just not enough of you" lol
@@benbaselet2026 dude no way i'm using that on a random girl :D
@@TurkMan35 you can use that as an ice breaker in a group of people
And don’t forget the line that quickly followed “but we were talking about Uranus”
Continues with “we were talking about (your anus) which is big”
be careful to avoid girls with body/eating disorders (not body-eating disorders)
He definitely knew what he was doing when he wrote, “We were talking about Uranus, which there is a lot of and would get really, really hot…”.
Almost all "yo mama" jokes can be recycled as "Uranus" jokes.
There is a song Uranus by Nanowar Of Steel.
Check it out
They even put "Uranus (Big)" they definitely knew
wrr
3:16 the author's picture... legend.
"In a sense, you are hotter than the Sun-there’s just not as much of you. But we were talking about UrAnus... "
lol
I've been gleefully sharing the fun fact that humans give off more heat than the Sun per square inch and that the Sun is only hotter than us since it's so much bigger than us since I was like 6. I think I learned that in some random science trivia book. This is actually nerdier lol.
I dont understand how this should work, could you explain further? Since in the video he says a chunck of the Suns *core* , but since the core undergoes fusion i cant see how this should give of less heat than a human. The surface of the sun however makes some sense
Change that to “per cubic inch”
@@evannibbe9375 well how exactly is a human body able to give of more heat per cubic inch than the suns core, which is literally undergoing fusion?
@@I-Maser it’s likely that the sun, even with as dense as the core is, can only go through so much fusion per unit volume, and once again it’s just the immense size of the core that gives it the energy output we know. I did some “”basic”” math just based on the solar output measured at earth’s surface (~1.4kw/m^2), used that to get the sun’s total output (surface area of a sphere the size of earth’s orbit, multiplied by that energy per square meter) and found that a solar core twice the diameter of earth would average 8 watts of energy per cubic _meter._
@@alexsiemers7898 so the sun is producing more energy than a human, but cant give it off as fast as we do, cause it can only radiate heat away, unlike us who can also give heat of to the Air. Right?
Most What Ifs can be summarized as "this doesn't end well."
If it ended well, it wouldn't be worth talking about.
the ending one from the last version is fine, he talked about a -10 magnitude earthquake, which would be smaller than a truck driving by
ok
@@1224chrisng aint a trunk magnitude much more stronger though? I remembered the -10 one is literally the feather touching the ground at this point
@@oworandom -10 was a mote of dust landing on a table
0 was pretty funny because it's a football team charging into your house
for some reason they just hate your house?
2:27
*Insert the blue crab music meme here*
2:40
NOT AGAIN!
Fun fact: Uranium was called uranium because at the time, the planet had several competing names and the guy who discovered the element named it this way to support the name Uranus for the planet.
Should have been named King George tbh.
@@ASmolPotatoOntheInternet
George’s Star.
@@ASmolPotatoOntheInternet Yes but there's significantly less butt jokes you can make involving King George. :)
@@ASmolPotatoOntheInternet CGP grey enjoyer detected
Some men just want to watch the world burn.
wait, youre not the same person?
All of Randall Munroe's books and comics are amazing, definitely worth a read
what if. highly recommend this book
‘How to’ and ‘thing explainer’ are also great
This is wrong, the blast would have far too little energy to affect the earth.
@@snailracer5260 The dedication in _Thing Explainer_ makes me tear up every time.
For those not in the know, he wrote the book using only the 500 (I think?) most common words in the English language. This includes the dedication, which was to "strong, pretty ring wearer." It was always so beautiful, somehow, to describe his wife in simple, childlike words. I don't know, it just gets me everytime.
I’m so fucking mad he doesn’t put them on the blog anymore god fuckinf damn it
Randall Monroe's What If?, How To, and Thing Explainer are some of the best science non-fictions I've read. Will definitely give What If? 2 a read!
Xkcd and minute physics is a crossover my 2013 self has been waiting for for years, thank you both
wasn't there another one earlier? I think it was about rockets
@@MuzikBike There was definitely one about a lava moat.
@@hellomynameisjoenl -- That was for the other XKCD book series, Thing Explainer (the Up Goer Five), and How To (make a lava moat)
"how to make a lava moat" and "how to go to space" are two of their older collabs
Is it because of the stick figures?
1:49 ahhhhhhhhh yes the good old Uranus joke never gets olt😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂
1:45 This is one of my favorite lines by Minutephysics ever.
Says you're hot, then talks about Uranus, which is very big.
2:18
Might want to set an epilepsy warning for here
I gifted a copy of What If (1) to my then-PhD-supervisor. The fact that he didn't seem to have enjoyed it much was indeed a dire warning of what came next.
Don't leave us hanging: what came next‽
We need to know by Monday!
What came next?
I'd guess he found a lot wrong with the book and that created work for the PhD candidates
I supposed that him not liking the book was a warning that the supervisor was cruel and a terrible boss
Randall Munroe is such a great comedian, and actually educates me through comedy. It’s super epic, I love his books and his comics.
My take away from this is that radioactive elements should be treated like potential roommates: pick the most stable one! Any choice is potentially toxic and may contaminate your stuff, but at least a more stable isotope has less likely hood of having a critical meltdown while you are visiting family during Christmas holidays. Just remember that while uranium can appear stable because it does not appear active, this often means it has lost its job and is not actively seeking another and thus will be short come rent day. Similarly, Plutonium frequently goes through what seems to be a non explosive romantic partner transfer, but then ends up getting a cat whose litter box never gets cleaned.
I am actually a little shocked that any of the outer planets exploding would produce enough energy to melt the Earth given the vast distances combined with the inverse square law, and the lack of a medium for a pressure wave (though I understand that the expanding gas and debris are still a thing). But, I trust Randall Munroe's ability to calculate these things so... 🤣Damn!
There's some fun fermi calculations you can do. 1 au is 8 light minutes. is 10^8 * 10^3 is 10^11 meters. The mass of a planet is something on the order of 10^25 kg and the density of a gas planet is about 1 g/cm^3 or 1000 kg/m^3. That means the volume is ~ 10^22 m^3 (I'm assuming the replacement is by volume and not by mass. Since neptunium etc are so dense it actually is important). The distance to the outer planets is probably about 10 au so the area of equal flux is (10^12)^2*4 pi = 10^25 m^2. I don't know the amount of energy in a fission nuke per cubic meter of input material so I'm just going to wildly guess 10^12 to 10^15 joules. Even if I did know I'm almost certain I would still be way off because of weirdness in scaling. Anyway, 10^12 * 10^22/10^25 = 10^9 joules per square meter which I bet would be enough to kill everyone on the planet . Looking up online, little boy only used ~ 63 kg of uranium so, in one nice Wolfram alpha formula, here's the actual answer www.wolframalpha.com/input?i=%28Neptune+volume+*+density+of+neptunium+*+yield+of+little+boy%2F%2863+kg+%28Neptune+average+distance%5E2*4*pi%29%29%29
Not enough to destroy the earth but certainly enough to kill everyone on it.
@@WaluigiisthekingASmith Actually it wouldn't all fuse because the planet would blow up sooner dispersing the material. This is huge problem even in atomic bombs with a few kg of material (and why we need to compress it with explosives to keep the fission reaction from blowing up the core), it would be vastly worse in planet sized core. You'd have a radioactive asteroid field that would use up most energy on dispersing the planet and very little of it on radiation and shockwave...
@@KuK137 I wouldn't be so sure of that. Compression increases fission rate, so in the process of being blown apart, the surface material would be compressed and undergo fission too. With an astronomical amount of material, inertia alone might be enough for fission to complete.
The distance to Neptune is 30 AU.
@@WaluigiisthekingASmith The amount of fissile material used in construction does not equal the amount of fissile material that actually gets split. From the 63kg less than a kilogram actually reacted. For a planet-sized core there are (probably) factors which will increase and factors which will decrease the efficiency. I think it will be higher because of the much better inertial confinement and much higher neutron flux in all but the outermost layers of the planet. The exact things that will happen are complicated to predict. You are correct with "weirdness in scaling". But you are probably at most two orders of magnitude away from the real answer.
I love living in a timeline where pretty much two of my favorite science communicators collaborate.
Favorite stick figure creators
⑨
Happy Chiruno Day
What next? Neil deGrasse Tyson and Bill Nye? William Shatner and Mark Hamill?
1:13 THERMODYNAMIX
Dear Randall, I am a huge fan of your work, and this is once again simply excellent! Some notes on the terminology though. Fissile nuclides are such that can be fissioned by a thermal neutrons. All fissile nuclides can support a self-sustained nuclear reaction and U-235 and Pu-239 are famous examples of such fissile nuclides. Np-237 however is not fissile. Since it has already an even number of neutrons, it is not as energetically favoured to absorbing another one, as compared to the fissile nuclides which have an odd number of neutrons. However, as you correctly shown in the video, neptunium-237 can still support a self-sustained chain reaction. The reason for this is that the fission neutrons have more than enough energy to split that nucleus, since they are not thermal to begin with. So therefore, Np-237 can indeed be used in a nuclear explosive device (or planet). This feature of the nuclide is sometimes called "fissible". Fissible nuclides can support a self-sustained chain reaction, eventhough not being fissile. It is notable however, that sometimes all of these nuclides are grouped together and called fissile, so that can be said in your defence, but it is wrong in my opinion (or at least confusing) to call them that. Finally, regarding the plutonium, most isotopes are either fissile or fissible. So it wouldn't matter much which of the isotopes you chose for pluto, from 239-242 at least, since most of them are either fissile or fissible. Although, I don't remember if your unusual pick of Pu-244 is fissible or not. Pu-244 has the longest halflife of plutonium isotopes, but it is very unusual since not produced much in the uranium fuel cycle. Sorry for the nitpicking. I really liked the video!
Sun people (as defined as human sized chunks of the core of the sun) are cooler than me, but I'm hotter.
"But we were talking about Uranus..." subtle... nice!
What If? 1 is my favorite book of all time, definitely ordering What If? 2 ASAP.
I realized what was bothering me about the 'hotter than the sun' explanation, although it took me a few minutes to be able to put it into words.
The definition I had in the back of my head for how hot something is, is 'a measurement/calculation of its temperature' **or** 'a measurement/calculation of its heat energy.' Very slightly different things, but I'd be ok with either.
The definition they seem to be using is, 'a measurement/calculation of the amount of heat energy *being produced* by the thing.'
So, although by their definition, I may be producing more heat, (by volume,) and therefore be hotter, (by volume,) than the sun; the fact that there is so much less of me, and that this isn't a new development, rather there's been a lot less of me for enough time for both me and the sun to reach equilibrium at our respective volume/surface areas, by my definition, the sun is much hotter than me, (by volume or otherwise.)
1:01
minutephysics suggests not hold U-238 at home. Thanks for the heads up, Henry because I had a planned a sleepover with friends where would hold U-238, but now it's scrapped.
Pitcheblende aka uraninite is a natural ore of uranium and not dangerous... if you don't keep it in your pocket all day. Weirdly plutonium is far safer as it emits only alpha radiation fully blocked by the upper dead layer of skin. As long as you don't eat or breathe it of course.
The interesting thing about holding U-238 (for a short amount of time) is that you would actually be fine. You shouldn't do it for longer than a few minutes, or regularly, and you should definitely wash your hands thoroughly afterwards, but in terms of radioactivity getting into your body from just holding a lump of U-238, it's about comparable to walking through an airport security checkpoint.
"There are five large worlds that share their names with chemical elements"
Helium, tellurium and selenium: are we a joke to you?
just started binging xkcd's comics so this was a nice surprise
Lol, lucky you. It's amazing. Also the first "What If" and "Thing Explainer" and basically anything Randall touches.
That moment when your so used to XKCD’s style that you don’t immediately realize Randall Monroe’s author photo is just his stick figure.
"We were talking about Uranus, which there is a lot of"
I'll take that as a compliment
1:42 so what you are saying is that if we mede a pile of humans large enough we could burn the centre person to death? (Neglecting death by shear weight ofc)
You can produce human gas and charcoal that way.
Don't try it at home, your neighbours will thank you.
Bees use this tactic to kills wasps
1:50 Uranus (Big)
no need to get agressive
Damn imagine having an almost-planet worth of nuclear ore next to you
We wouldn't even start existing to die from radiation
Lol Uranus destroying us an hour earlier being a “bonus” was a nice touch 😛
What if that random town in Sweden was made of an alloy of yttrium, terbium, erbium, and ytterbium
"Uhm ackshually..." You can if you have a perfect eye, perfect conditions, and know EXACTLY what your looking at, there are ancient charts that accidentally marked it as a star, implying they yknow, saw it and thought it WAS one. It has been done before. 1:56
Super excited to get the second volume! I was gifted the first one when it came out and I absolutely love every bit of it! Thanks for reminding me to buy it now that it's out :D
What if I, too, already preordered "What if? 2"?
Should be here in 5 days from now!
"definitely don't do this"
...
*removes planet-sized uranium lump from Amazon basket*
That has gotta be the best sponsor/ promo/ whatever you call it that i have ever seen, I'm definitely getting this for myself and i think it's the second thing I've ever been compelled to buy from a youtube sponser spot
0:15 nice voice crack
i don’t hear it
@@slavakid5336 listen carefully when he said "composed"
Best voice crack in 2023
.
Ok, but if we have control of exactly when the planets turn into their corresponding elements, what if we wait for Neptune to be on the other side of the sun from us? What problems arise from this?
Edit: this was apparently not as clear as I thought. I was implying that we would try to use the sun to block the high energy blast wave that would've otherwise been heading directly for us. Does the destructive wave get stopped to a relatively survivable level, or does enough of it make it around the sun (do to diffraction) that it makes little difference? Or does something else happen, like yes, the initial blast is stopped by the sun, and we are close enough that whatever is able to make it around the sun still won't hit us, but it still imparted enough energy into the sun's atmosphere that it caused a coronal mass ejection that is going to hit us instead? Things like that.
Yeah I kinda wanted to know what that explosion would do to the sun, if anything
While impressive and energetic, based on my understanding of the energies in play I don't think the sun would be as impressed as us. Like, just consider that in this example the blast leaves the earth itself in one piece, if heated and without an atmosphere. If it won't even seriously disrupt our little iron ball, what's it going to do to the sun?
Extremely rough estimation--that puts it only like twice as far away, meaning it'd only be about a quarter as bright. Unless the sun interferes somehow. With such a resounding "everyone on earth would die," I doubt it would make much difference.
@@thaddeusgenhelm8979
That's kind of the point, use the sun as a blast shield so we can potentially survive a nuke the size of a planet.
@@dicyanoacetylene6220 Ahh, okay, I thought you were wondering about its implications on the sun, not the value of the sun as a shield, my mistake.
1:48 I'm such a kid for laughing at that part 😂
And now XKCD has their own RUclips channel!
This collab is a match made in heaven
What a collab ❤
1:54
"Uranus (big)"
Too easy...
So Mercury and Ceres would be fine, Uranus and Pluto too, but Neptune just explodes. Great. Love it.
My favorite part of this video and I don’t even know if it was a joke or not but just the
Uranus (big)
Killed me🤣🤣🤣🤣
I decided to calculate the luminosity of a Uranium Uranus:
Uranium 238 has a density of 19000 kg per cubic metre, so given Uranus has a radius of 25 300 km the planet would have an approximate mass of 1.3*10^27 kg, making it almost as heavy as Jupiter (realistically it would be heavier due to compression near the core but I'm going to ignore that because idk how to calculate it). Uranium-238 is actually pretty bad at generating heat, generating only 100 microwatts per kg, which is actually comparable to the sun. Nonetheless, that adds up to a total heat of 1.3*10^23 watts, or 0.03% that of the sun. Which means that the energy received on earth would be 0.00008% that of the sun. Using the heat dissipation law P=AST⁴, with P being the power dissipated, A being the surface area, S being the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, and T being the surface temperature, we can estimate a temperature of about 4100 K. This means it would glow orange. It's worth noting it would be slightly dimmer than 0.00008% that of the sun because a lot more of the light would be in the infrared, but it would be compatible to a crescent moon (meaning it would definitely be visible during the day).
1:49 This line killed me 💀
"but we are talking about Uranus, which there is a lot of"
so... is that a compliment or an insult
And the child in me hears and doesn't unhear, "but we were talking about uranus" 😄
I really liked Randall's What-if? When it was in blog form. Read it from episode 1 until he stopped. He pretty much quit making it right after he published the book, which was okay, but mostly just a re-print of the blog. I kinda stopped looking at XKCD completely after that.
We need some crazy collaboration between kurzgesagt, vsauce, veritasium, and minutephysics
"we were talking about uranus which there is a lot of and which gets really really hot"
1:49
Words can not describe how I reacted to that
minute physics flirting with "you are as hot as the sun, there just isn't enough of you"
Me: "Bro,she called me hot...even hotter than the sun😎"
Frnd: "yooo...that's cool"
Me murmuring: "she's physics"
Frnd: "what"
Me: "nothing,nothing"
“You’re hotter than the sun, there’s just not as much of you. But we are talking about ‘Uranus,’ which there IS a lot of.”
thanks I’m using that as a pickup line
I loved reading What If when I was still in High School, I’m in university now and my curiosity is as peaked as it was back then! Just ordered the book and can’t wait to read it. :)
At 1:48 "but we're taking about Uranus, which there's a lot of". I don't know if this an intentional joke or not, but hilarious.
The part about "you are hotter than the sun" is absolutely incorrect. Human body temperature is about 310 K, and the solar center is ~10^7 K, its surface is 5777K, and parts of its atmosphere reach ~10^6 K. The sun is in local thermodynamic equilibrium, so you can reasonably expect that "one cup" of the sun, regardless of where you take it from, is several orders of magnitude hotter than your body.
"but we were tallking about your uranus. which there is a lot of...(BIG)"
-minutephysics 2022
i don't know why i laughed out loud a neptune obliterating our earth 🤣🤣💀
the heck i just started reading "What if?" and already sequal is out.
I laughed at "but we're talking about Uranus."
1:49 got me thinking bad stuff
too much uranus jokes that blends in so well like "deez's nuts"
i like how he says shockwave completly ignoring the fact that there is none in space
Normally shockwaves can't travel through space because there aren't any particles to carry them - when i clap normally, a "hit" a bunch of particles and cause them to move, which in turn hit bunch of other particles, and so on. When i clap in a vacuum, there's nothing for me to hit, so the energy from my hand doesn't have anything to carry it from one spot to another.
This isn't an issue with fission, since radioactive elements release their energy *in the form of particles* already. It would be like if i, instead of trying to hit "balls" already in air with a racket, just got my own ball and threw it. At that point it wouldn't matter that there are no balls around me to hit, i supplied my own, same goes for the case of fission.
It's still technically a shockwave since the "wave of radiation" naturally has higher pressure than vacuum, so there's still a moving pressure difference
If Pluto was Plutonium, the aliens would mine it until their homeworld is no longer a planet.
1:35 creation of new sun when needed, starts there
"Lets talk about Uranus" gets me every time
Perhaps _then_ the *_PLANET_* pluto would finally get the recognition it deserves!
At least before the onset of the insta-apocalypse.
I'll never get tired of Uranus jokes
"In a sense, you are hotter than the sun, there just isn't a lot of you. But we were talking about Uranus, which there is a lot of." 😆😜🤣🤣
Ok, enough middle school humor. I'll let myself out.
Yess an unexpected crossover + Astronomy video!!!
This is the funniest example of Uranus I have yet to find
Wait! Did you write “what if?” The book? That was MY CHILDHOOD
„But we were talking about Uranus, which there is a lot of…“
Hehe
Finally, answers to questions that randomly occur in my mindy😍
Thanks man, I really needed that
That is the reason why core fusion works. :)
"But we were talking about uranus, of which there is a lot" lol
I think it is interesting that I’ve consumed enough of both of your content that I can hear that this was written by Randall rather than you. Cool crossover!
Minute physics literally just became vsauce in this video
BTW… This is why depicting titans in Attack on Titan as being really hot is realistic. The high muscle volume vs. Surface area would mean their steady-state temperature would be very high… Of course, realistically, proteins would start unraveling at those temps
Way more interesting than the question "What if the sun was composed of helium?"
1:48 we were talking of Uranus 🙃🙃
"Uranus's shockwave would reach and destroy us about an hour faster"
someone's self esteem just skyrocketed after seeing this video in their recommended
1:49 had me tweakin
Wouldn't be XKCD content without some planetary destruction lol
Uranus is better pronounced with the stress on the first syllable, not just because of all the puns, but because that is the historically correct stress (short not long "a").
Never though a shockwave coming from Uranus would be that deadly......
1:49 - I'm never going to grow up!
thank you for the compliment
Full list of celestial bodies in our solar system that share names with chemical elements:
Stars:
1) Sun - Helium
Gas Giants:
2) Uranus- Uranium
3) Neptune - Neptunium
Terrestrial Planets:
4) Mercury - Mercury
5) Earth - Tellurium
Dwarf Planets:
6) Pluto - Plutonium
7) Ceres - Cerium
8) Pallas - Palladium
Moons (Natural Satellites):
9) Luna (Earth’s moon) - Selenium
10) Titan - Titanium
The greatest thing about this book, is that it makes you look like a stock chaotic character in a movie while reading it.