💡Understanding how functions interact with their surrounding lexical environment is very important when working with JavaScript, and it's really not as mysterious as it might seem at times haha. I hope this video was useful, visualizing the detailed inner workings of tools I'm working with always helps me understand concepts better. I only use Apple Keynote to create the visualizations! Implementation details might differ, this is just based on the ECMA spec. Different engines may implement smarter garbage collection strategies that mitigate issues related to retaining large scopes in closures (e.g. the fetchAllUsers example).
As a fellow software engineer, I just wanted to say how much I appreciate your videos. They're incredibly well-done, and I only wish I had access to content like this when I was first learning these concepts. Being a visual learner, I used to draw out each concept to fully grasp them. Now, I recommend your videos to the junior devs and interns on my team-they've found them incredibly helpful. If possible, it would be amazing to see a 'JavaScript Visualized - Data Structures and Algorithms' series on your channel. I’ve been reading *Grokking Algorithms: An Illustrated Guide for Programmers and Other Curious People* by Aditya Bhargava, and I couldn’t help but think how amazing it would be to see those concepts brought to life in your visual style. Keep up the great work!
1. Javascript data structures and algorithms by Sammie Bae, 2. Data structures and algorithms with Javascript by Michael Mcmillan are also good. I would love to see a visualized explanation.
Thank you for creating such a clear and informative video, Lydia Hallie! I would definitely recommend this video to anyone who wants to learn more about closures.
closure is just 2 pointer dereference, every closure variables is translated to these two instructions mov rax, [closure + [[Environment]]] ; First dereference: Get context object address mov rdx, [rax + 0] ; Second dereference: Get `x` from slot 0 in the context object
You are the only one that uploads a video purely for the thrill of actually teaching something new in your unique way and not one of those "new video every week" just for the sake of it. Please keep it this way.
Wonderful video as always! I didn't realize closures hold a reference to the entire environment record: I hoped they were a bit smarter and only held references to the variables they actually used, allowing the GC to free the rest. Good to know!
Thank you! 🙏Just to get back to this - it actually depends on the implementation though; I cover the spec, but engines can use internal optimizations to eliminate "dead" variables even in such cases. V8/Chromium does this really well so in that case the issue with `fetchAllUsers` may not actually be an issue, but it's good to realize that that's not necessarily the default in all cases 😃
I was just about to come over here and say I wished you'd do more of these... and there was a new one waiting for me. :) I've been doing JS for a long long long long time, so there MIGHT not be much I can actually learn from these videos but I still really enjoy watching them. I wish these had been around when I was learning, and I'd certainly recommend them to anyone who's getting to grips with JS. A lot of programming content on RUclips is very poor indeed but these videos are absolutely great! :)
Really well explained, if I ever have a junior in the team again, I'll refer him to your videos. What I really like is your visualizations, they are really well done and explain the processes under the hood even better.
I hope you're going to contionue making vids like that, because it is FIRE. This is unique but must watch for every experienced js dev content. I wish you all the best, and do not stop. You're nailing it!
In my opinion, This is the hardest topic in JS, actually with execution context. I have to rewatch it one more time or even more. Thank you for the video.
Honestly, coming from Python, I already had a pretty firm understanding of closures and scopes, but I still really enjoyed the deep explanation as well as visualizations of JavaScript internals. Great work!
I find your explanations extremely useful. Your examples and quizzes at the end are just 🤌🏻 Please, keep making these videos about how JS works under the hood and other advanced topics 🙇🏼
Great work! I learned nothing because, hey 🤷🏻♂senior js dev, but I think this kind of crystal clear visual explanation is really great for beginers! I would have reduce headaches years ago if you had existed before Lydia ! Continue this way! :)
Ok, i haven't had the time to watch everything yet because i just discovered your video 10min ago but i already liked all your published videos and subscribed to your channel because my brain needs theis type of visual aid to understand better and i want to encourage you to keep doing as many videos as you can with programming concepts! I will now proceed to share your channel to my computer programming classmates
This is so dang good. I knew _how_ closures worked, but I never knew _why_ closures worked. I feel like if I got asked this in an interview and gave this explanation, it would maybe catch the interviewers off guard. :D
I love visual learning and thanks for your all videos , the special one for me was event loop. Your explanation is on point nd easy words , also the motions are awesome. I request you to have an video on nodejs internal working especially thread pool and async execution of threads.
Wrote about a related issue in React some weeks back. Great explainer from you; and I especially dig the consistent wording around environment record and execution context etc. I found it hard to keep track of those definitions when writing - intermingled them with scope and variable context. You did a much better job 👏
First of all, amazingly explained. But, second of all, I might be wrong, but iI believe all variables not used by closures get optimized away. So I don't think you need to worry too much about large temporary variables in your closure... unless you are programming for some really old engine. I notice this frequently when using debuggers and trying to use those variable names and noticing they don't exist anymore
Positive criticism of what is Closure the definition at 5:55 is tiny bit confusing; while the 6:12 shortened version is easier to memorize: "Closure happens whenever we have a nested function & then we keep the reference to that *inner* nested function somewhere outside of that *outer* function".
Can you make a video about the differences between normal function and arrow functions? Because somehow there a different, but I have struggle to understand it. For example the handling of "this" differs and when a function is declared in an object, it is different also. With your videos, I understand very well, how this stuff works in depth.
Is it safe to say that closure variables are copies of the original variables at the times they were executed? Multiple sources keep telling me they're "captured", and NOT copied, but I have no idea what that even means. Anyways, you've made one of the best, if not the best, JS content on RUclips. You've managed to take important JS concepts and not only explain them super in depth, but also visualize them so well for a beginner like me. Please never stop creating!
"capture" is one of those vague terms so I understand the confusion! Another term people use is "closing", as in "it closes over the variables in the outer function", which is where "closure" comes from. But once again, that is a vague term that doesn't explain what's going on :) Basically a closure is an object that has a reference to the data in its surroundings (as Lydia explains, in JS this reference is called outerEnv, and its surroundings are the outer function's environment record). So to answer your question, no, the outer function's variables are not copied into the closure: instead, when the closure wants to access one of them, it does so using its outerEnv reference. You can verify this by creating multiple closures inside the same outer function: function outer() { let outerVar = 1; function increment() { outerVar++; } function log() { console.log(outerVar); } return {increment, log}; } let {increment, log} = outer(); increment(); log(); // logs 2 If the variables were copied, then "increment" and "log" would each have their own copy, so "log" would output 1 instead of 2. Hope this helps :)
Recently found your channel and your videos are amazing. Great thorough explanations assisted by those amazing visuals! What tools do you use to make them? The attention to detail is so big that I imagine it takes a very long time to make all look as tight and consistent as it is.
💡Understanding how functions interact with their surrounding lexical environment is very important when working with JavaScript, and it's really not as mysterious as it might seem at times haha. I hope this video was useful, visualizing the detailed inner workings of tools I'm working with always helps me understand concepts better.
I only use Apple Keynote to create the visualizations! Implementation details might differ, this is just based on the ECMA spec. Different engines may implement smarter garbage collection strategies that mitigate issues related to retaining large scopes in closures (e.g. the fetchAllUsers example).
Please marry me😭
@@codewithrahull9636 Weirdo
Can we expect more advanced javascript and how javascript work behind videos? I would love if you release 2 or 3 videos a week. Thank You
Can you please share link for ECMA spec you have referred to create above video?
Hi Lydia, This is an amazing series about Javascript, Can I ask about Which Tool have been used for Virtualize this video?
Banger after banger
The typescript guy
Bangfest
Recommendation indeed! ;)
I'm so happy you're back. Please keep making these videos because they're the best out there. I hope you can eventually cover all JavaScript topics!
Yesss I’ve been waiting for this!! Thank you for keeping this incredible content going.
Great visual explanation of the concept that took me years to grasp back in a day - glad it will take less time for everyone who watches this! ;)
As a fellow software engineer, I just wanted to say how much I appreciate your videos. They're incredibly well-done, and I only wish I had access to content like this when I was first learning these concepts. Being a visual learner, I used to draw out each concept to fully grasp them. Now, I recommend your videos to the junior devs and interns on my team-they've found them incredibly helpful. If possible, it would be amazing to see a 'JavaScript Visualized - Data Structures and Algorithms' series on your channel. I’ve been reading *Grokking Algorithms: An Illustrated Guide for Programmers and Other Curious People* by Aditya Bhargava, and I couldn’t help but think how amazing it would be to see those concepts brought to life in your visual style. Keep up the great work!
You're correct. JS Visualized - DSA series would be awesome. Those are the main focus of SE interviews. It will be a great help.
That's a great idea. I'm also a visual learner. Looking forward to a DSA series with these cool visualizations.
1. Javascript data structures and algorithms by Sammie Bae,
2. Data structures and algorithms with Javascript by Michael Mcmillan
are also good. I would love to see a visualized explanation.
@@toptrends88 good idea, I’ll try to create some :) I wrote a visualized book on all this years ago so it would be good to update!
@@theavocoder Awesome. Looking forward to it.
The way you visualise these processes is amazing!
Your videos are so helpful and I'm really looking forward to your next one.
Thank you for creating such a clear and informative video, Lydia Hallie! I would definitely recommend this video to anyone who wants to learn more about closures.
Your videos especially these visualized series are the best !
closure is just 2 pointer dereference, every closure variables is translated to these two instructions
mov rax, [closure + [[Environment]]] ; First dereference: Get context object address
mov rdx, [rax + 0] ; Second dereference: Get `x` from slot 0 in the context object
Your visualisations are a true inspiration! Love the simplicity and clarity they bring 👍
"What an explanation! Please bring more content like this frequently."
Ma'am you're doing fabulous job👏. No loud intros, no memes but original quality content which is class and extremely rare to find.
You are the only one that uploads a video purely for the thrill of actually teaching something new in your unique way and not one of those "new video every week" just for the sake of it. Please keep it this way.
if only my actual CS courses were taught this clearly. thank you for putting the time/effort into create this wonderful explanation!
Wonderful video as always! I didn't realize closures hold a reference to the entire environment record: I hoped they were a bit smarter and only held references to the variables they actually used, allowing the GC to free the rest. Good to know!
Thank you! 🙏Just to get back to this - it actually depends on the implementation though; I cover the spec, but engines can use internal optimizations to eliminate "dead" variables even in such cases. V8/Chromium does this really well so in that case the issue with `fetchAllUsers` may not actually be an issue, but it's good to realize that that's not necessarily the default in all cases 😃
Lady, this is amazing! You have a talent for teaching. Visualization is your strong point. Thank you very much! ❤🔥❤🔥❤🔥
Best tutorials on javascript on youtube, keep the good work Lydia, you're really good at explaining things, love the humor in videos!
I was just about to come over here and say I wished you'd do more of these... and there was a new one waiting for me. :) I've been doing JS for a long long long long time, so there MIGHT not be much I can actually learn from these videos but I still really enjoy watching them. I wish these had been around when I was learning, and I'd certainly recommend them to anyone who's getting to grips with JS. A lot of programming content on RUclips is very poor indeed but these videos are absolutely great! :)
Really well explained, if I ever have a junior in the team again, I'll refer him to your videos. What I really like is your visualizations, they are really well done and explain the processes under the hood even better.
This channel is a goldmine
One of the best explanation on the closures.
Always you are on the point.
Please, do continue more.
I hope you're going to contionue making vids like that, because it is FIRE. This is unique but must watch for every experienced js dev content. I wish you all the best, and do not stop. You're nailing it!
Yes, Lydia and her cool diagrams are back... Thanks for making these.
Thank you so much ❤. You teach with great visualizations, with great explanations and with great smile. Please keep posting such videos of JavaScript🙏
Never been explained better than this. Thanks!
This is THE best video on closuers on the internet
In my opinion, This is the hardest topic in JS, actually with execution context. I have to rewatch it one more time or even more. Thank you for the video.
Your videos are best JavaScript visualizations on the internet by far
This is pure gold. Best JS series ever
Honestly, coming from Python, I already had a pretty firm understanding of closures and scopes, but I still really enjoyed the deep explanation as well as visualizations of JavaScript internals. Great work!
Yes, I love all of your diagrams, thank you so much for making these videos.
Best explanation in the world! Keep making these videos. ❤
Your videos are my happy day!!! They are like the a new chapter of my favorite show!!
Simply brilliant. You made it easy to understand.
I from Brazil, and I love your content!!! Please, continue with! It is so useful.
Your videos continue to be the ones I look out for when learning JavaScript. Thank you Lydia we appreciate you.
Visuals and explanations are excellent. I have never seen tutorials presented this well.
I find your explanations extremely useful. Your examples and quizzes at the end are just 🤌🏻 Please, keep making these videos about how JS works under the hood and other advanced topics 🙇🏼
Really early on in my coding journey, but found this pretty fascinating. Hope to see more.
Great work!
I learned nothing because, hey 🤷🏻♂senior js dev, but I think this kind of crystal clear visual explanation is really great for beginers!
I would have reduce headaches years ago if you had existed before Lydia !
Continue this way! :)
Ok, i haven't had the time to watch everything yet because i just discovered your video 10min ago but i already liked all your published videos and subscribed to your channel because my brain needs theis type of visual aid to understand better and i want to encourage you to keep doing as many videos as you can with programming concepts! I will now proceed to share your channel to my computer programming classmates
after watching your videos in the graphical representation . My mind is blow up.nice explanation, keep it up.
Yeah! Another awesome video! 🔥🌈 I always feel a sense of joy whenever something new comes out on this channel ❤ Thank you Lydia!
This is a legendary quality content!
Awesome video!! Please keep bringing more bangers like this. These videos helps A LOT.
Another excellent video! You are so good at explaining this stuff.
This is so dang good. I knew _how_ closures worked, but I never knew _why_ closures worked. I feel like if I got asked this in an interview and gave this explanation, it would maybe catch the interviewers off guard. :D
Interviewers might reject you thinking you are making stuff up
I love visual learning and thanks for your all videos , the special one for me was event loop.
Your explanation is on point nd easy words , also the motions are awesome.
I request you to have an video on nodejs internal working especially thread pool and async execution of threads.
this one is the most complicated so far
ty
Great Explaination, Keep these videos coming.
Woah... a new video finally... can't believe JavaScript can be this easy to understand.
Thanks for the detailed explanation. I've always dreamed of a code visualization like this. I hope there will be more such videos.
Quality of the content and hardwork ❤
Awesome explanation Lydia 🔥
we need more videos like this .
Amazing video!!
Please make a playlist for the all advanced topics in JavaScript(Hoisting, closures, this, FP, debouncing, throttling, polyfills, etc)
The explanation was so clear that I now completely understand what JS closures are. Additionally, I also got closure to why my ex broke up with me.
You're amazing!! These videos so helpful.
Wrote about a related issue in React some weeks back. Great explainer from you; and I especially dig the consistent wording around environment record and execution context etc. I found it hard to keep track of those definitions when writing - intermingled them with scope and variable context. You did a much better job 👏
Your videos and explanations are best
Great explanation with Great Visualization! Looking forward to seeing more content like this!
First of all, amazingly explained.
But, second of all, I might be wrong, but iI believe all variables not used by closures get optimized away.
So I don't think you need to worry too much about large temporary variables in your closure... unless you are programming for some really old engine.
I notice this frequently when using debuggers and trying to use those variable names and noticing they don't exist anymore
Great topic, thanks 👍
Nice explanation. What software you use for the animations?
The only YT videos I like before hitting play
ah thank you!! 🙏 but please don't be afraid to let me know if there are things you don't like, haha
Great video! Please keep making videos like this :)
amazing videos and explanations and visual examples . thanks thanks and many thanks , please go on
Thorough and well structured. Thank you
I won't skip ads for you, thanks a lot
Continue making videos, you have a real talent!
Your videos are very helpful.
Thanks.
Positive criticism of what is Closure the definition at 5:55 is tiny bit confusing; while the 6:12 shortened version is easier to memorize: "Closure happens whenever we have a nested function & then we keep the reference to that *inner* nested function somewhere outside of that *outer* function".
Can you make a video about the differences between normal function and arrow functions? Because somehow there a different, but I have struggle to understand it. For example the handling of "this" differs and when a function is declared in an object, it is different also. With your videos, I understand very well, how this stuff works in depth.
Wow this is really amazing, I hope you keep making videos like this
Thank you so much, Lydia, really useful and clear explanation
Craazzyyy explanation and visualization.
Thank you for your visualized videos They are so much helpful
Excellent explanation and the way u present phew! thanks for doing this for free....
Lydia great explanation & visual effect are amazing.
Welcome back your explanation is great keep it up
Brutal! Perfect, now I got it
Your videos are insane. Love the content
Me gusta como presentas la información; es muy entendible aunque no entienda el inglés. Saludos.
Is it safe to say that closure variables are copies of the original variables at the times they were executed? Multiple sources keep telling me they're "captured", and NOT copied, but I have no idea what that even means.
Anyways, you've made one of the best, if not the best, JS content on RUclips. You've managed to take important JS concepts and not only explain them super in depth, but also visualize them so well for a beginner like me. Please never stop creating!
"capture" is one of those vague terms so I understand the confusion!
Another term people use is "closing", as in "it closes over the variables in the outer function", which is where "closure" comes from. But once again, that is a vague term that doesn't explain what's going on :)
Basically a closure is an object that has a reference to the data in its surroundings (as Lydia explains, in JS this reference is called outerEnv, and its surroundings are the outer function's environment record). So to answer your question, no, the outer function's variables are not copied into the closure: instead, when the closure wants to access one of them, it does so using its outerEnv reference. You can verify this by creating multiple closures inside the same outer function:
function outer() {
let outerVar = 1;
function increment() {
outerVar++;
}
function log() {
console.log(outerVar);
}
return {increment, log};
}
let {increment, log} = outer();
increment();
log(); // logs 2
If the variables were copied, then "increment" and "log" would each have their own copy, so "log" would output 1 instead of 2.
Hope this helps :)
Love your videos! They been so helpful! thank you thank you
Waited for a long time to get the video!😮
Recently found your channel and your videos are amazing. Great thorough explanations assisted by those amazing visuals! What tools do you use to make them? The attention to detail is so big that I imagine it takes a very long time to make all look as tight and consistent as it is.
this fantastic, ❤thank you so much you adorable angel of a person ❤ so much hard work and great explanation, please keep making new videos 🙏
Pls make a JavaScript course or Typescript or any tutorial for that matter but pls do make one !! 💙
As usually, detailed breakdown on the internal working 💯
very nice visualizations, and amazing explanations!
You are great about explaining JavaScript ❤❤
Wow great explanation. Please make a video on "this" key word in JavaScript
Goog!! Im looking forward to hear about iterators
Hello ,can you make videos on these advance topics :
1. Prototypal Inheritance
2. Currying
3. Throttling
4. Debouncing
5. CORS
Been waiting on this one ❤️🙌
My god, your videos are awesome!👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻
after watching other's videos in 2x to save my time, it was pleasure watching your explaination in 0.75x.
How do you do such kind of visualization? What app do you use for it?)