The Pilgrimage of Grace
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- Опубликовано: 8 дек 2022
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A few weeks ago, I made a video on Elizabeth I and her religious settlement, in it I referred to the Pilgrimage of Grace that occurred in her father’s reign and the threat it was almost certainly perceived as being. There was a question in the comments section of that video which asked what I meant and what the Pilgrimage of Grace was? So, I thought we could take a look at this today.
I hope you enjoy this video and find it interesting!
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Intro / Outro song: Silent Partner, "Greenery" [ • Greenery - Silent Part... ]
SFX from freesfx.co.uk/Default.aspx
Linked videos and playlists:
Elizabethan religious settlement: • Elizabeth I's Faith: T...
Images (from Wikimedia Commons, unless otherwise stated):
Portrait of Cardinal Thomas Wolsey by Sampson Strong (1585-1596). Held at Trinity College. Cambridge.
Portrait of Thomas Cromwell by Hans Holbein the Younger (1532-1533). Held by the Frick Collection.
Portrait of Henry VIII by Joos van Cleve (c.1531). Held by the Royal Collection.
Illuminated title page of Valor Ecclesiasticus, the survey of the lands and wealth of England's monasteries prepared for Henry VIII (1535). Held by the National Archives.
Fragment of cast-lead pilgrims' badge (showing front and back) depicting the Boxley Abbey rood (15th century). From The Portable Antiquities Scheme/ The Trustees of the British Museum.
Seal showing the Holy Blood of Hailes (early 16th century). Held by English Heritage, on loan from the National Trust (can be viewed in 3D here: sketchfab.com/3d-models/seal-...)
Near contemporary portrait of Anne Boleyn by an unknown artist (c.1550). Held by Hever Castle.
Photograph of the ruins of Boxley Abbey gateway, taken by Chris Whippet (2013).Chris Whippet / Ruins of Boxley Abbey gateway / CC BY-SA 2.
Photograph of the ruins of Hailes Abbey, taken by Saffron Blaze.
Screenshot from: www.british-history.ac.uk/let...
Screenshot from: www.british-history.ac.uk/let...
Banner of the Holy Wounds, used during the Pilgrimage of Grace. A Northern English counter-revolution in 1536 against schism from the Catholic Church and against the destruction of the monasteries. By Sodacan, based on Thomas Gun.
Pontefract Castle and Town Plan by an unknown artist (17th Century). Held by the Pontefract Museum.
Artists impression of The Pilgrimage of Grace of 1536 by Fred Kirk Shaw (1913). Held by the Lancs Museum.
Screenshots from: www.british-history.ac.uk/let...
Quoted texts:
G. W. Bernard, “The Dissolution of the Monasteries” in History (October 2011).
www.british-history.ac.uk/let...
Robert Aske’s Proclamation at York (1536)
“24 Articles” or “The Pilgrims Demands”
Claire Cross, “Participants in the Pilgrimage of Grace” from the ODNB
Also consulted, were:
Other relevant entries from The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Online.
#History #Tudor #Reformation
Thank you for reminding me about how Wolsey closed monastic houses prior to the dissolution.
I feel so sorry for the leaders and participants of the Pilgrimage of Grace. Imagine if all these Catholic institutions survived? The Abbeys, Convents, Monasteries, Hospitals, Schools connected to these establishments? We could still marvel in their beauty and contribution to mankind today. It's important to note that Cromwell invented untrue malicious gossip about these religious sisters, monks, priests, and abbesses, like he did against Anne Boleyn to destroy their reputations, and therefore steal their assets. It was said after the dissolution of the Monastic Institutions that "charity" and "alms" and hostels were no longer a place of refuge for the poor, and the roads of England were full of beggars, cripples, sickly, and starving.
As Dr Kat said, even before Henry split away from the pope the church itself was getting rid of religious houses where immorality and fraud was rife. It was not all made up to get their money. During famines in Yorkshire the great, wealthy religious houses encouraged men to abandon their families to starvation and come into the orders. Not all nice, cosy places with Brother Cadfaels!
Cromwell got his though. Semi-instant karma.
I learned about Tudor history by following my family tree. Surprisingly, Thomas Darcy, one of the nobles of the Pilgrimage of Grace, is my 12th Great Grand Father.
Thank you for this channel. Also would you please discuss/cover the topic of mourning? I know the Victorians had very strict rules and customs about mourning, did the Tudors/medieval British people have them and what were they? Thanks.
I can certainly look into this, thank you for the great topic suggestion ☺️
Ooh, good suggestion!!
DITTO!!! GREAT IDEA
Yes please! I think Cat's Costumery did a video about it, but didn't go as early as Dr. Kat could.
Yessss!!! This sounds awesome! I think White is technically also a color of mourning. Of course black is the most famous! Kat I love your channel! You’re fabulous!!!
The Dissolution of the Monasteries gives me conflicting thoughts and feelings- on the one hand, the corruption found in the religious houses and the subsequent appropriating of their wealth by the crown is arguably justified, on the other, so much history was lost when the buildings were dismantled and relics destroyed (Thomas a Beckett's remains comes to mind); and in the end this was all brought about by Henry's Great Matter. On some level I empathize with the Pilgrimage of Grace because all of that probably felt like a personal affront, and these were rural people who were so far removed from the real reasons why all of this was happening. Thanks again for teaching me something new.
Its arguable whether the extent of corruption was as reported. Henry needed money, the church had money. Henry wanted wars with France that would immortalise him in history. They could say anything to justify the cash grab
It was the amazing Abbeys that were so beautiful pulled down, razed, lead taken out of the windows..stones.great statues, relics, gold, silver taken out……and, and given to up and coming middleman, lords. It just became a rapacious greedy terror. Something like the Terror.
I would love to know more about the ordinary lives of children during the Tudor period. I have read about orphanages and workhouses of Victorian times, but I haven't seen much about the Tudor times for such children. I'd like to know about the daily lives of children of the court and of lower ranks as well. I would imagine there would be a wide variation in the diets, care, clothing, etc. from class to class, and I'd like your perspective on it.
One of my favorite books is the Queen’s Fool, which I read early on in my seeking for knowledge, so knowing what I know now if I were to re-read it, I’m not sure if I would love it the same way…? I’m not sure… But at the time when I read it, I loved it because it brought light to an ordinary girl that came to England fleeing the Spanish inquisition with her father, and how she had to go back-and-forth and protestant or Catholic, even though she was really Jewish. At the time I thought the book really helped me understand the normal people, and what they went through during this time at modulus time from King Henry to Queen Mary.
Henry comes up with a way the world needs to be for his own good, then he goes from having the idea of a thing that needs to be done and goes straight to 'belief'. He was an extraordinarily obtuse man in certain ways. Being close to him must have been a nasty tightrope walk - but getting in his way if you were a peasant wouldn't have gone at all well.
I know, as an Historian and lettered academic, you have to be in search of the truth. But I would LOVE a series of 'Hot Takes', where you take your Doctor hat off and just indulge in your craziest opinions and those of others relating to historical moments.
Then, you need to seek out History After Dark! 👍
I get a sense that these events were, in part, a late continuation of the Norman conquest - and William 1st's harsh treatment of his Northern subjects. It might be argued that this regional disparity has persisted, in various forms, up to the present.
You should do a story on what happened to all if the clergymen and nuns. Have you read unicorn’s blood? It’s a novel.
I’ve read unicorn’s blood. Quite good
I must look up Unicorns Blood. The monks and nuns were given pensions for life if they went 'quietly' and handed over their houses. The amount of their pension depended on their status e.g. an Abbot, Abbess, Prior or Prioress were given more that the others in the community. Male religious fared better than the women religious, some of them fell in with the new regime if they were ordained priests. The Prior and some of the monks of Durham Cathedral Priory formed the Dean and Chapter of the cathedral. Nuns if they came from well to do families could return to their family home of marry. Others left for the continent with members of their order when they joined another house of their order. For example the nuns of Syon Monastery near London. There are examples of some monks being executed because of their resistance for example the Carthusian Monks of London. The aged Abbot of Glastonbury was executed on the orders of Thomas Cromwell.
What a horrid response by the Tudor government. It’s one thing to send troops to put down a rebellion. It’s quite another to pretend to listen to grievances and then execute those, who in good faith, tried to rectify what they saw as sacrilege.
I can’t imagine how terrifying it would have been to a religious and believing Catholic to be excommunicated and then watch the whole religious structure being torn down.
I was unaware of the details and what you have described her confirms and increases my perception of the utter over-reach that resulted from Henry's belief that his divine appointment as King gave him almost incarnational rights. His taking that power to himself and seeing any disagreement as treason is such an arrogant and tryannical position I am even more astonished than I already was.
I feel that that Henry and Anne (especially) had been acting in good faith to the lapses going on in some R C houses etc. However in hindsight and as someone who in later life has left the C of E here in Canada for the RC church, I feel that in the end the Pilgrimage of Grace represented a real sense of deprivation on the part of the faithful. The church had offered so much to the society that was good and necessary. Anytime I have read about it, it has been with a sense of anguish.
There was no welfare system. The church was the backbone of the charitable foundation of the nation.
Henry’s subjects didn’t know him at all, he wouldn’t put up with any challenge to his authority, not only of the state but of the church as well.
NARCISSISTS are like that!!It's ALL about them and screw anyone who gets in their way or dares to question them.
Hope he's rotting in hell.
He believed he was God and he dared to attack the Church this attacking the faith of the people and they reminded that as much as they respected and Revere the king and the Crown they loved their Faith and God more may God bless them
And that’s unfortunate. As Sovereign, he has the legitimate right to expect obedience in matters of State. However, in matters of The Church, he is a man. Just a man. “Put not your trust in princes, in sons of men”
Do any of a monarchs subjects (outside of the court) really know the monarch any monarch?
What a treasure you are Dr. Kat! How the old saw that Alexander VI was to have coined when threatened that the enemies of the Church are out to destroy it: “ You can’t ! We’ve been trying for the last 1492 years and we haven’t succeeded one whit!”
The Dissolution of the Monasteries must have been a massive Psychological trauma for the ordinary people of the country, the Church - for all it's faults- would have been the focus of Communities, Hospitals and support for the destitute, it all left them without a safety net. Was the then nascent Protestant Church able to step into the breach?
No!
No but Queen Elizabeth I was forced to pass laws for vagrants made homeless by the closure of the monastery welfare system. These were the regulations bringing in the lowest support possible called the Elizabethan parish system. This lead to the 1830s Workhouses where families were broken up in order to discourage their use.
For many towns, it was also the economic hub
A follow up question: at 30:30, we see that one of the points of the petition was "The statutes of handguns and crossbows to be repealed...". What was a handgun in this context? Did it simply refer to a crossbow, or was it some other sort of weapon?
It refers to a portable gun. I’m not sure if there was a size limit though - perhaps the larger, longer Arquebus would be a handgun, but certainly I think the smaller pistols would have been described like this.
I would love more detail about the 25 articles and what it is exactly they are asking for and why. As an American, I do not understand why they would rise up against their King in some of these instances - especially the non religious reasons. Further detail or explanation would be helpful and most appreciated. Thank you Dr. Kat! Love your show!!!
I’ve just found your channel and have been binge watching all your content. I love your passion for the subject matter. Each episode is so well written and researched. Plus you have such an engaging and authentic style of presentation. Honestly - this channel should easily have 10X the amount of subs - everyone else is missing out! Thank you for all your hard work - hopefully you start a Patreon/channel membership soon so we can contribute. 🤍
Excellent, Dr. Kat! I have been very interested for a long time in learning more about the Dissolution and currently I'm reading a book "The Dissolution of the Monasteries: A New History," by James G. Clark. I have been especially interested in history as it has come down to us through journals, diaries, reports, and official records of that time. This video about The Pilgrimage of Grace was especially interesting because it sheds light on the link between that protest and the Dissolution. I also realize now that what got Margaret Pole in the trouble that ended her life (aside from her being a Plantagenet) was her having that banner with the stigmata on it, or being accused of having it) although I understand that she may have been framed.
Henry's word sure was not worth anything..promising pardons and then reneging so spectacularly. He sure was a piece of work!
Thanks so much Dr. Kat, and Happy New Year to you and to everyone in this wonderful community!
Always nice to hear your voice.
Even nicer that you're sounding a lot better, hope you are feeling it too :-)
I just wish to say that you are absolutely amazing at bringing my attention to new topics of history. And I would love to hear some of your thoughts on specifics castles (Hever, etc.) if there is ever a time in a future video.
Have a wonderful day
I have plans! It’s great to know the topic is one that would be of interest, thank you 😊
@@ReadingthePast 😊
Another fascinating video. These poor folks were confronted by the real H8, not his assiduously promulgated PR image. Trusting their King was a major misjudgment, wasn’t it?
Of course poor souls they deceived and betrayed by this godless filthy man who thought that because he was King he was also God and they just gave a reminder that their faith and God and his Church came first and his demonic decrees of destruction were not acceptable.May God grant peace and eternal rest to their courageous souls and may He shine upon these martyrs of their faith His Perpetual Light forever long live Christ the King
I have a particular interest in the involvement of Cumbria in these events. The four citizens of Cockermouth, hanged in chains, we're not nobility or clergy but ordinary townsfolk. It makes me wonder how much these people understood about the causes and aims of the uprising and whether they had access to alternative sources of information other than from their church and overlords. I would be interested to know your views on how aware the majority of common people were at the time and whether they were actually given any choice. Peter, Cumbria
Learning about some of the earliest Norman nobility would be amazing!
I'm always interested in religious history. My mother is the family genealogist and has a background in bible studies (focusing on the history of protestantism, particularly proto-protestants like the Waldensians and Lollards, both of who we descend from), so I grew up learning about British/family history through a religious lens. its fascinating to see how religious history intersects with politics!
Anne Boleyn had her own political faction, opposed to the dissolution of properly functioning monasteries. I feel it is so unfair that some "historians" overlook this as the reason for her fall, and rather chose to spout the overly regurgitated: "she couldn't give Henry a son" statement . After all, when the Seymour creature spoke up in favour of the monasteries, Henry said to her: "Do not involve yourself in politics, that is what the last Queen died of."
Eric Ives, Life and death of Anne Boleyn, is such a great book and so thoroughly researched, he gives a great insight into the political coup which removed her.
I cant imagine you ever saying the above statement Dr Kat, for which I am so grateful and for which I watch your channel rather than any 'secrets of..' nonsense 😅
I believe that the king (Henry VIII,) was very lucky to not have gone the way of Charles the first. It seems that folks of that time had more than just cause in wanting to be rid of the monarchy.
Of course looking back now, you can see that they wanted local rule by local people. Of course the religious aspect wasn't going to change. I don't think that Cromwell's people did any explaining when they came to the religious houses, which was a huge problem.
Saints John Fisher, Thomas More, John Houghton and all the Catholic Martyrs during the reign of Henry Vlll pray for us !
I adore your attention to all things Tudor. It’s absolutely my favourite period of English history, and there are so many stories to be told!
Thank you for another wonderful video! I did watch those episodes on the HBO series The Tudors about the Pilgrimage of Grace, and although some liberties were taken for the sake of tv, it does seem like they got a lot of it right. I appreciated learning the whole, real story! Was it true that Charles Brandon had hung even women and children of the marchers for the Pilgrimage of Grace? That was just flat out massacre.
From what I've read Brandon had 200 executed who had taken part in the uprising, I'm not sure about the women and children though
I was wondering (just beginning to go through your incredible backlist of videos, so apologies if this is already covered!!) what sort of powers Parliament had at this time. It seems like the people put a lot of stock to it, but the king not so much? Who were the members and when did it come to be, I did not even realize such a thing existed that far back! Thank you for all the incredible videos!
Wow, lots to think about, as usual. For me, it's hard to find the "grace" in any of it. I really appreciate how you approach these topics, which, at the end of the day, have so many layers and nuances, depending on where people were in the hierarchy/food chain. Thanks so much for another fascinating video, Dr. Kat. 😊💖
Just a general comment: LOVE this channel! I'm an amateur historian (no formal education but a huge interest in English/UK history, so much so that I'm considering going back to earn a degree). Thank you for this channel- lots of information packed into each video, and the content is always interesting. New subscriber, new fan in me for sure. Thanks so much!
I had seen this before but and rewatching. I recently was in Yorkshire and visited some of the monastic ruins. They must have been amazing in their heyday. The scope of vandalism, taking riches that were once communal, at least for some people, and destroying them outright or putting them into private hands is a horrible act.
What surprises me about this is how accurate, for once, "The Tudors" appears to have been on this subject.
I don't live in england now, but if I did I would attend any and all talks that you gave ☺️.
My question today is, given the opportunity which scene or activity would you like to see and which mystery would you like to solve? In the past. Thanks Dr kat.
Oh my, so many to pick from… I’d like to see an opening performance at The Globe. Maybe Othello, Romeo and Juliet or the Tempest as I have particular questions about staging for those… but I have at least 100 other ideas too!!!
@@ReadingthePast I would love to hear a talk on those Dr kat. Best wishes.
It was very close to home for Henry..first real threat for Henry in his reign..something like his father had threats.
Yours is the one channel I make sure with each video I watch, thay I'm still subscribed and getting all notifications. Cause you're you for one, and two I adore your channel. Thanks again Dr. Kat
So fascinating, there were a lot of people involved in this but as to whether they were fighters and a real threat to the king is open to doubt. Given the age it really is not surprising how things ended up. I am a solid one quarter Yorkshire and it is likely that some of my ancestors were involved. A sad but inevitable ending. I was surprised at the extensive list of demands they had!
My 4 x great grandparents lived in London in the last half of the 18th century, in London they came from Edinburgh. In their time in London there was a burning of a woman for adultery and a man was hanged, drawn and quartered. The treatment two hundred years earlier was way more gruesome and pitiless!
Great video, a fascinating time in history during that massive religious upheaval. Impossible to imagine now how people were left feeling, like the rug of their lives was swept from beneath their feet.
just love your videos Dr Kat...I'm Australian, a lapsed catholic, but fascinated by the English Reformetion. I have a booked called 'Bare Ruined Choirs' by David Knowles OSB which I have read several times.
The Pilgrim of Grace was the first Cristiada of the modern times the second one took place in France during the French Reign of Terror1793 to 1796 and third one took place in Mexico 1926 1929 that's where the word Cristiada comes from and the last Spain's Civil war it was the last Cristiada 1936 1939
?
So beautifully bought back to life through their own words and through your good works, to our imagination. Thank you.
Looking forward to it!
Please do a session on Stephen Gardner
One wonders how different history would have been if Catherine of Aragon had give birth to a male who lived to succeed Henry VIII. Likely the Pilgrimage of Grace would never had happened.
Another good one. Thank you.
Thank you for another fascinating video!
As always so interesting and an much information to unpack. Thank you
Just signed up to History Hit using your link! Been wanting to for ages and finally thought today should be the day!
Yay! I hope you enjoy 🤩
Thank you so much for this channel - it really does bring sanity to my mind as well feed it knowledge. Have you previously covered "The Arts" during Tudor times? Dance, music (I have read that Henry was quite the cat's pajamas in both areas.), fine arts, but what about professional dancers and musicians then? In England was it still just the nobility giving it a spin, or had the start of professional academies and companies begun. (Realizing this is way before Dame Ninette de Valois, but curious if anyone, in a much earlier time, had given it a go.)
Your channel is ALWAYS one of my favorites. You're scholarly tidbits are always as sharp as a tac, full of clever insights and passionate perspectives and are most enjoyable. Happy New Year, Dr. Kat!
Great as ever hope you’re feeling better
Fascinating!
Love your videos
Why did Henry keep the title “defender of the faith” from the Catholic Church after the dissolution of the monastery
Because he could!?
The title was given to him by the pope before his divorce with Katherine of Aragon and he just never gave it back or renounced the title.
The Pope should taken it back from him after he shamelessly married Anne Boleyn while Katherine of Aragon was alive no worldly ruler should have been given such a title it belongs either to the Pope or the Archbishop of Canterbury because they are clergy that's all how foolish
Before Anne B came into his life, Henry was (and apparently remained in his heart R Catholic). He was originally meant for the church and was a trained theologian who took it upon himself to directly and masterfully take on Martin Luther!
The title was bestowed upon Henry by Pope Leo X, October 11, 1521, because Henry had written a book condemning the newly surfacing Protestant revolt.
It was later rescinded by Pope Paul III.
In 1534 Henry ordered the Act of Supremacy, declaring himself Supreme Head of the Church in England, and, with an Act of Parliament in 1544, restored the title TO HIMSELF!
Thanks for another great video
Thank you so much!
Thanks! I wanted to know more and now I do!
02:48 Henrician. There is a term one doesn't often hear.
I have read it a number of times, but I can count on one hand the number of times I have heard it.
You are awesome.
What do I think? I think that was a very long list of demands.
Ahhh the Pilgrimage of Grace, or as I like to call it, Schroedinger's Rebellion.
Thanks!
Thank you so much @Theresa Laux for your generosity 🥰
A very interesting, and sad, study of what may have happened to many of the types of characters so exuberantly depicted in the Canterbury Tales...I would have hoped for a less tragic tragic narrative indeed!
What is quinzine? Love this channel!
Ah Pontefract Castle originally the home of the de Lacy family - my ex husband’s family- who came over from Lassy in Normandy with William the Conqueror
Was Lord Dacre in the Pilgrimage of Grace..and his son?
Is there some link or supposed link between the Pilgrimage of Grace and the Pole family or do I just think so because of the criss cross of bloodlines (Tudor vs York) and versions of Catholicism (Henry VIII's vs the Pope's).
Another great video! I wonder if Caster is Caistor, and the name has just changed down the centuries?
I’m guessing so, I also think it must have been pronounced “Caster” as spelling phonetically was very common.
Dr Kat Please please if it is at all possible could you highlight the bit of text your reading when you show the document on screen as I feel you jump from paragraph to paragraph and it’s then I find difficult to find where your reading from and I then loose the knowledge your reading from. However of course you can just ignore what I’m saying, it’s really up to you but it would definitely help me to able to read along with you when your reading the text. I ask this in the upmost respect. Thank you.
It was a major uprising..gotta admit
Thanks Dr. Kat for another interesting video. 👑
They should have listened…. “Presented to the king” doesn’t mean he will to anything about hem
Does anyone know of good historical fiction novels that are set during this time that brings this era to life?
Wolf Hall and Bring Up the Bodies are amazing books centred around this time.
@@yumyummoany I read those & love them, but I wondered if there was another book set in the same time but not with the historical figures, more about the lives of the “little people” trying to navigate during this era, so from a different pov than we usually hear about
@@JuliahistoryLover I don’t and it is frustrating.
@@yumyummoany I have an audio book that’s int this time frame about Katherine parr, it’s really interesting & touches on when she was married to her first husband who got caught up in this pilgrimage, I haven’t had time to finish it and the main characters are not “the little people” but it does show a bit more in-depth how some people living during that time may have handled it & felt
@@yumyummoany I don’t have the name of the book, but if you Google novel about Katherine parr life it’ll probably come up. I can’t tell you if it’s well written or not because I wasn’t able to finish it, I didn’t get pulled into it the way I was other books, but I think it was because I was distracted with other things in my life and it might be a good book
I believe Robert Aske was a good man who just wanted to be allowed to practice his beliefs. Much like many of the others in the pilgrimage. I'm sure there were bad actors like most movements. Same as today. Henry VIII was acting like a tyrant when he decided to become head of the church. He was determined to get his way like a spoiled child. I feel bad for Robert Aske and his people.
❤
Is it a litlle mermaid, I spot to the right? I feel like subscibing all of a sudden😊
Peace and love from Denmark
Henry was a rotter.
You really emphasized the corruption of the monasteries but neglected to touch base on the good they offered the common people. Also, people in the North of England still felt an affinity to the RC church, another point you seemed to avoid: this really was a faith based protest for many of the common folk. I’ve been watching your videos for sometime now and I know you think you’re being neutral but I feel that there’s a slight bias coming through against the Roman Catholic Church.
Why does Henry (VIII) always refer to himself in the way that he does using the pronouns us, our and we?