Great Voyages: Gilgamesh: Journeys to the End of the World
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- Опубликовано: 5 авг 2024
- Steve Tinney, Associate Professor, Near Eastern Languages & Civilizations, University of Pennsylvania
Gilgamesh: Journeys to the End of the World
Gilgamesh was a figure of legend in ancient Mesopotamia (modern day Iraq) from as early as 4,500 years ago. The tales of his travels were not only stories of adventure in places no human had ever seen, but also reflections on questions of life and knowledge. In this lecture, Dr. Tinney recounts some of Gilgamesh's greatest journeys and revisits discussions about what they meant back then, as well as what they mean today.
I think it’s awesome I am able to hear lectures while lying on my bed. Great lecture.
Is there a video or audio recording out there where one could hear Dr Tinney giving a lecture on or teaching about the Enuma Elish? That would be great! I appreciate all the presenters in all the lectures y'all share with us free of charge on here! I've learned quite a bit about a variety of topics while ostensibly just listening to something to break up the silence as I work alone, scrubbing toilets and slinging a mop. I would've loved to have attained higher education and been an archaeologist since around grade 4 but...
I never will so I am psyched these are here. And I'm totally going to visit the museum the very minute I'm able.
Fascinating. Helped me understand so much better the milieu of a text I've known for so long.
thanks for posting!
Brilliant presentation. Thanks. Terry, Territo and Rafael
"You can write yourself immortal", yepp, the dream of every author :-)
I feel like the story is written by the learned of the day that knew how to write and who wanted to protect that knowledge that they had and to have a moral tale to restrain the urges of all powerful kings.
Fascinating. Superior content and delivery.
Beware the Jew!!!
Great lecture Prof. Tinney. Very interesting interpretation of the epic.
Incredible presentation.
Very thought provoking and timely. Made me think of the the loss of knowledge in some segments of society and the effects it is causing.
The myth of ancient knowledge is a common one. I suppose it is the outgrowth of ancestor worship. If we worship them they must better than us and more knowledgeable. Even today there are people who believe in ancient knowledge, they can never produce any superior knowledge none the less the believe it exists.
@@myothersoul1953 I do think we have lost something, not technical, but something of our connectedness with each other and our responsabity toward society. IMO that's why there is such a movement to socialist thought these days.
I enjoyed it very much. Thank you :)
As you very well say Mr Tinney, Gilgamesh epic insists on various dimensions : one is the measure of the EARTH. Gilgamesh's journey to the end (the limits) of the world is a quest for measure, a scientific expedition to scale the world thanks to a great unit. Sixty, the sexagesimal unit is the measure of the cedar forest in bêru. Humbaba's head, the artifact you show, measures 7 centimeters and the monster had 7 magic coats or 7 striking terrors. Humbaba's hair is organized by straight lines like his forest is crossed by straight paths... His head is the forest, a portion of the Earth drawn to scale. Our modern reading of Gilgamesh will be wobbly as long as we deny the Sumerians their huge scientific knowledge. Though Mr Bottéro's work is brilliant, he misunderstood their cosmogony : they perfectly knew that KI was spheric. The KI are concentric spheres, circles in two dimensions : 3 SAR like the opening and the conclusion of the narrative heavily insist on, inviting us to gaze at the wall that surrounds Uruk and check if its dimensions were effectively inspired by the 7 sage.
The reference to the breads that mark the time has something to see with the unit of length NINDA (6 meters), it was very clear for a Sumerian scholar that one bread, one "NINDA" had to be shared in 12 pieces, 12 cubits. Time and distance are inseparable, initially distances were calculated in days of walk. Gilgamesh tells us how three scales are necessary to encompass the Earth, the Sky, the Universe. The epic is not only mythological, it is a wonderful epistemological poem ! For the Sumerians, Earth was a mountain (KUR) that the sun cuts in two pieces, the twin mounts. It was also a ship (MA) : Atra-Hasis and Uta-Napishtim's ark. A bread was a product of Earth, a NINDA was a portion (to scale) of the EARTH. Beer (KAŠ) is also a product of the EARTH, the city, the URU, the round space organised by orthogonal lines (ME) and square units of surface. The URU is the city but also the flood : EARTH is solid but also liquid ! And to enter the oceans, a liquid environment, you need a compass like it is drawn on the early sign URU = flood.
You say that Gilgamesh is associated with knowledge, this is undeniable : knowledge is a step to wisdom and will allow him to measure up to kingship and fairly rule the city. The question the scribes point out is "what could be the initial knowledge Gilgamesh brought back to Uruk and encoded in his city's limit ?"
I hope my French translated in a clumsy English is comprehensible. Thank you very much for this very interesting lecture.
A-L L-G
Well said: The killing of Humbaba; as iirc, has been translated as: His pleading for clemency should have been honoured, as he was the divine creature that protected the cedar forest. Monster to some, but one that had a purpose.
Interesting how much we could take from this old religion. Destroying our forests will bring the wrath of the heavens on us.
What I meant was, that our gods might have just cause for destroy us, for us destroying the fauna on this planet; like the two protagonists kills Humbaba. Sure he was a scary monster, but he also was the care taker of the cedar forest.
At this point, to me, a meteor or comet; that sounds like a relatively definitIve way for gods to make sure that
poor old Jim knows that he was just a mortal.
As for me, it seems, that several thousand years ago, someone wrote a description meant for others to attempt to leave some areas of our world to be wild, and not try to tamper with it. -Fat chance says I, but am powerless to do anything but look on.
Yes, maybe the first written environmentalism. If you destroy the forests, bad things will happen.
Destroyal of forests bring them gold and diamonds.
The essence is the first realization of human immortality, complimenting immortality of cosmic consciousness (divine design). What humans are to remain satisfied with is a Steele.
Why do SO MANY of Penn Museums lectures have non working laser pointers?
Gilgamesh story parallels another ancient royal figure by the name of Nimrod. If you study them you will see very similar characters and actions.
One of the same
If your still confused to this day just read the book of Enoch the book of giants aswell the old testament. Gilgamesh and Nimrod are two totally different poeple.
- Hero of a thousand faces.
So does the great Egyptian flood myth tie in with this tale of the flood?
I liked (which he left out), the humble wisdom given to Gilgamesh by the inn keeper. It is basic wisdom which Gilgamesh could also be said to have brought back from his journey. If Gilgamesh hadn't been a spoiled, conceited asshole he might have had a better life following that advice.
I think the point was that Gilgamesh, king and demigod, had plenty of power and strength, but not wisdom or humility, and he doesn't have the right priorities.
You prolly dont care but does someone know of a tool to log back into an Instagram account..?
I somehow lost the account password. I would appreciate any assistance you can offer me!
@Fabian Malcolm instablaster =)
@@fabianmalcolm6511 Say Gilgamesh 3 times in the mirror. Worked for me when I got locked out of my 'this vid' account.
@@fabianmalcolm6511 This is the only acceptable social media platform in existence. Forget about "The gram" man
time stamp 33.36
Steve Tiney brings up the question as to what are the 'Stone Ones' refering to Gilgamesh's encounter with the boatman/ferryman 'Urshanabi', where Gilgamesh gets angered and smashes the 'Stone Ones', from what I remember is a reference to an very ancient technique whereby a rope is threaded through a hole in stones of various sizes, when the stone is lowered into the sea, the rope acts as an underwater sail with the current propelling a small boat along.
How could the rope act as an underwater sail? Please explain
There is one place I know of where a similar thing supposedly can be done and that is at the Bosporus. The underwater current flows into the Black Sea and the surface current flows out so you can lower a basket into the water (with stones in it to weigh it down I guess) and be propelled through the strait against the surface current. The Bosporus was probably at the end of the world from their point of view 4-5000 years ago. The oldest remains of Troy are of similar age.
@@zapfanzapfan Thanks, much appreciated
Recommendable
Killing the Bull usually means the age of Taurus is over and the Shepard of Arises is starting. So! Could this be an bronze age story? Using Moses as example
I interpret it as more in the early-to-middle of the age of Taurus. The constellation Taurus rises in the early morning sky at spring equinox and is "killed" by the light. Gilgamesh and Enkidu offers the heart of the bull to the Sun-god Shamash probably meaning that the sun was in the middle (heart) of the constellation of Taurus. Now the star Aldebaran is thought of as the eye of the bull but maybe it was considered the heart earlier? The sun was close to it at spring equinoxes 5000 years ago.
It's a great lecture, does anyone knows from where is the music of the beggining.
Gustav Holst - The Planets - Jupiter
Alvaro, try The Planet Suite by Holst.
Holst says I, Jupiter!
What if all source code in this world is lost? Are we able to rebuild the system? e.g. Airplane, MS windows, unix, mac. Or we simply go back to the stone age
Secure yourself, grab the schematics for the difference engine.
Find and write out the source code for AT&T Unix 1.1 on clay tablets, burn them and keep them safe.
When the neolithic returns, bring hope, that we can rebuild, but this time on a good basis. Unix, not PC/M, Fortran, not Basic. -You might have plenty of time to expand the hardware and software to fit; unless it goes down tomorrow, or next week :3
can someone tell me the name of the track at the beginning of the lecture?
That section is "Jupiter" from Gustav Holst's "The Planets."
@@SamNeedsCoffee Much obliged.
How could he find that plant
The First and Last Inn ... has the Restaurant at the End of the Universe ...
Through humility
What the hell is huwawa I thought it was humbaba
someone important is going to make some movies about gilgamesh and enkidu and their travels and challenges
I wonder, in 10,000 years would the future scholars look back on us, would they get the perception that Harry Potter was real?
probably.
No. They'll presume that J. K. Rowling was a fictional character to whom the ancients (us) attributed the Myth of Harry Potter.
Harry Potter is real
moorek1967 They'd all fight over Americans being white, black or Arabic.
That makes Shrek and Dead Pool real too!
That vase was full of opium. Some type of poppy extract.
It looks like an opium flower I thought but he said it was a mace head. Maybe an error in interpretation.
@24min
#116624=911
11
66
2+4=6
11 66 6
6×3=1+8=9
+ other stelle were also #ed as such.
???
god with us this gil = god amesh with us I am Assyrian and are have god with us we arr gilamesh
11:30 2/3 a god, Nimrod had a child with his Mother to keep the bloodline pure Rephaim/Nephilim. She was a "Sea god" so that would make sense. The "Sea gods" is how they brought back the bloodline after the great deluge.
Don't try to atack Huawei, in the Cedar Forest or anywhere else, the Chinese are pretty touchy.
Maybe he was a Xiaomi fan, who knows.
The presenter of this video, Associate Professor Steve Tinney, of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, fails to mention that an earlier predecessor, Professor Morris Jastrow Junior of the same university, had, in 1898-1899, proposed in a professional journal, that Genesis' Adam and Eve were recasts of Enkidu and Shamhat of the Epic of Gilgamesh. Jastrow called Enkidu, Eabani and Shamhat, Ukhat, and Gilgamesh was called Izdubar. By "googling" these names Jastrow's article is available in a Journal of that era (1898-1899). Jastrow acknowledged that there was one other Mesopotamian protagonist to be associated with Genesis' Adam, Adapa of the Adapa and Southwind Myth, as proposed by 1892-1893 by Professor Archibald Henry Sayce of Oxford University, England. My two books (2010) cover all this and are available via Amazon.com, (1) Eden's Serpent: Its Mesopotamian Origin, and (2) The Garden of Eden Myth: Its Pre-biblical Origins in Mesopotamian Myths. By clicking on my name (next to my photo) you can access my RUclips videos on the subject or visit my website, www.bibleorigins.net which explores from an anthropological point of view, the pre-biblical origins of Genesis in Mesopotamian and Canaanite myths. If Jastrow and Sayce are correct, then how remarkable to think that we would not have Genesis' Garden of Eden story, it being a recast of these two Mesopotamian myths: (1) Gilgamesh and (2) Adapa.
yeah but they where not right but mislead by ther religious believes. Maybe this is the Reasy Professor Tinney did not mention it, pitty.
Way to shill in RUclips comments.
I thought it was called hum baba
Yeah so did I. Humbaba!
But then again, it could just be a regional difference in language.
Gligamesh and existential angst @ 19:00
You and I
Some interesting hints, if one believes that here might have been a civilisation in S.E.Asia, now submerged by risen sea levels.
Why would you have so many great flood myths near the mid east?
Because they had rivers that sometimes flooded?
It was a reality that they dealt with enough to know the tragedy that some caused.
Imagine the word is bond and we have convinced ourselves that there are no gods oooooooo who knows ? nobody what do they know ? Nothing
there was a Vimana
CORONA GANG WHERE U AT
enkidu was lover of gilgamesh thats why the king was so long in denile...
Sashquatch?
Notice, by way of comparison to the Genesis account of Noah’s flood, that lines 29 and 30 of the Gilgamesh Epic state about the Gilgamesh boat: “her dimensions all shall be equal: her length and breath (width) shall be the same”. Now line 57 tells us her height was ten rods (“ten rods the height of her sides”) and line 58 that the length of her sides was also ten rods, and if her length and breath (width) were the same, that means the ship was 10 rods long x 10 rods wide x 10 rods high (“her dimensions all shall be equal,” line 29). This vessel would not have been very stable according to modern shipbuilders. It would have looked like a square box 165 ft long by 165 ft wide by 165 ft high ( 1 rod = 16 ½ feet).
Now, compare this to the dimensions of Noah’s Ark. ”And this is how you shall make it: Genesis @: “ The length of the ark shall be three hundred cubits, its width fifty cubits, and its height thirty cubits.” Shipbuilders have calculated that the dimensions of Noah’s Ark-300 cubits x 50 cubits x 30 cubits = 450 feet long x 75 feet wide x 45 feet high-would give a ratio of 6:1 which, with a rectangular barge or box-like shape and a very low center of gravity, would produce an extremely stable ship-so stable in fact that when they did experiments using a scaled-down prototype of the ark in a water tank (Laboratory) producing assimilated ocean waves, they found that the ark could upright itself from a 90 degree tilt. In other words, it was a rectangular barge shape 450 feet by 75 feet by 45 feet wide with a Catwalk on top. They concluded that a ship the size of Noah’s Ark built to the biblical specifications could easily have stayed afloat in 150-foot waves, much larger than average oceanic waves today . They estimated that the extra weight of all the animals, which would have put the ship lower in the water, would have made it even more stable. The U. S. battleship Oregon was built around the turn of the century using the same ratio (6:1) in construction as that of Noah’s Ark. There are many other significant differences between the two accounts.
Noah’s Flood (Genesis 8: 7-11):Notice that the ship in the Gilgamesh Epic had 6 decks (line 60) whereas the ark in Genesis had 3 decks. Also, the flood in the Gilgamesh Epic lasted one week only (lines 127-130)-hardly sufficient to bring about a global catastrophic flood , as evidenced by the worldwide distribution of billions of fossils of all life-forms. The Genesis Flood, on the other hand, lasted 150 days (including the 40-days and 40-nights of rain) before the flood waters abated or receded. Finally, the Genesis account tells us that a dove brought a freshly plucked olive tree to Noah-tangible evidence that the flood waters had receded from the earth-whereas the Gilgamesh Epic tells us that the raven, which saw the waters receding and found food, did not return to the ship (line 156). How then did Uta-napishti know for sure that the flood waters had actually receded? He could only have assumed because the raven did not return that it saw the flood waters receding and found food, but he could not have known for certain, as did Noah, without some tangible evidence.
Some skeptics and liberal theologians would have us believe that the Jews who wrote the Bible actually borrowed myths of Babylonian origin concerning the Genesis Flood from the Gilgamesh Epic (and others) to include with their own writings. However, the big problem with this assumption, as we have observed in our comparison of the details of the Epic of Gilgamesh with the Genesis Flood, is that the latter is far more reasonable and believable than the former. The details of the Gilgamesh Epic, which merely reflects the true record of the Bible, are the ones that have become corrupted and distorted, due to the limitations of human fallibility.
Obviously stories handed down generation after generation that are not carefully preserved-particularly if they are handed down by word of mouth-do not improve with age. The truth is lost and the stories degenerate markedly. On the other hand, the biblical records have been handed down in written form (though there was a slight period of oral transmission in its early history), carefully preserved by the superintendency of God and have not been corrupted.
Assuming our ancient past was very primitive and over a long period of time, we must ask ourselves how certain details of the story of the Great Flood or Deluge (we looked at same) could have been handed down from one primitive stone-aged culture to another purely by oral tradition, for hundreds of thousands of years, to be fully incorporated into the Gilgamesh Epic of the Babylonians. That such a thing could have happened for several thousand years is remotely conceivable. That it could have happened over a hundred thousand years is quite inconceivable. “The Gilgamesh Epic alone, rightly considered, administers a fatal blow to the concept of a vast antiquity for Noah” (quote by Dr. John C. Whitcomb in The Early Earth).
Conclusion: The Epic of Gilgamesh is a distorted and corrupted reflection of divine revelation-the true record of the Genesis Flood.
This is so emarrasing that it is almost commical
NOT if the boat is round, like a coracle which are extremely stable and the tradition watercraft of the area..en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coracle
@@arthurhaynes5470 yes
Thou doth protest too much. Glad it’s getting your attention because it’s time to be done with imaginary gods.
Soldiers today create maps such as this. They're not to scale and are not meant to be representative of a "worldview". They are called strip maps and are designed to be minimalistic as to be easily understood by others as an easy tool for navigation or to convey a scene for reporting back to others.
I think that this understanding is sorely lacking and slants a perspective that loses its roots in the rule of simplicity.
Woohoo thanks for skipping the introduction! 🙂 No offense, they can be mind-numbing ...
Why cant you folks just appreciate the garden, without having to come up with a "theory" about faeries at the bottom. This is a history lecture on a story that seems to have had huge influence, not fodder for your Atlantis/aliens/Jesus/NwO idea nor any other belief you have you wish to find "proof" of.
Liam Hughes
Your obviously a Disinformation agent for the Nephilim.
Liam Hughes Gilgamesh was Galatian. Gallilee
Cuts rose scents obvs
@@eugenemartone7023 THIS!....made me smile thank you so much
james williams What do you mean? Of course everyone believes in some things. Some ppl believe in ancient myths and legends and some ppl believe in facts and evidence.
with other 19
um i think the furthest he went is Lebanon west and Bahrain south, not the end of the world
virginia tc
💙💚🤍💛🧡❤❤
Unfortunately, constant coughing spoils this listening experience.
Please read the works of Zecharia Sitchin and his research on the Summerians 😇
😂 The ancient astronaut theory … whew! Only wish he’d written it as science fiction but sadly he was dead serious. 👩🚀🚀
in Afganistan
The art of writing depicting knowledge is the circular essence of the epic, beautifully captured by the speaker, a true scholar, discovering like Gilgamesh that we are ignorant of the divine knowledge(as by Utnapishtim). !!!
Notice there seems to be two stories of flood. The flood referred to by Gilgamesh is when knowledge existed. And when there were no knowledge, there occurred the flood referred in the OT/Bible as the Noah's flood when god wanted people to be knowledgeable, fearing the immortal laws that are designed by the divine for the happiness of the mortals, which Gilgamesh failed to obtain. Happiness does not lie in immortality for mortals, it is obtained by following the divine dictum/law.
they kill an Alíen with red hair
Nanabush
humbaba not whowawa
Why not use the original map, todays map is wrong
did u say its been a bromance? other prof. of camebridge said they had a gay relationship... so what now!
My you delicate flower. Ann Arbor is chilly. Chicago is cold. Upstate New York is a Freezing Hell. Your ancestors huddled below the glaciers would laugh at a Philadelphia winter.
Nice presentation though.
upstate is freezing but the divide in Colorado is frozen,windy, and beautiful.
perfectally cromulent Buffalo might be the only place colder and shitier than Detroit and Flint. Be proud.
I went to school in Ann Arbor, lived in Wyoming, and now Oswego, NY. Wyoming was waaay colder than anywhere , Oswego is the second snowiest college in the US (second only to Northern Michigan Tech), and Ann Arbor is the coolest. 😎
polytecnique
i knew it irlands , jajaja
About the same time as ABRAHAM
It is sad how are history has bin lost to the theories of historians
S
9 soldiers die
WHAT
You might think that Penn Museum would pull from distribution inaccurate information after new discoveries and insights into TRUE Sumerian language written in cuneiform . That writing being quite definitive leaving the reader with understanding and NOT GUESSING. JUST SAY YOU DON'T KNOW.
are you ill, do you need help????
Not Huwawa it's Humbaba...So, it's actually all Enkidou's fault then but I don't think we can blame him he was an animal after all.
Nasha Naufal Huwawa is his Sumerian name, like how Muhammad is the arabic name for Mehmet in turkish.
I was accept no this great university how
The foods are so bad
I decided not to to spend four years there
! The Big Apple is far more interesting city to live and study!
if those are ancient, then how were they able to translate the writings on the rocks if they don't know the letters and words and meaning of each word and the correct sound of each word? also, the punctuation and grammar is important too. did they just assume everything on those tablets?
Because some of these language experts take 20-30 years to figure out the foundations of a language
VeNuS2910 wow you need to read more and expand your mind. they are called expert's that's what they do wow
In so many of these You tube university videos, the professor does the same thing. He or she tries to make some kind of technology work--in this case the laser pointer--doesn't know how or can't, admits it, and immediately gives up. Now, he or she is stuck with describing it to an audience seeing it for the first time ("those pointy things at the bottom"). You're taping for a world audience, fergodsakes. Why not do a run through beforehand, to make sure the slides pop up when they're supposed to, or the microphone is set correctly? Or even have an assistant who can get it up and going immediately? I've come to expect, "I'm not quite sure why this isn't working" as the person fumbles lamely for something that should be second nature. This sort of bumbling impacts the presentation substantially and looks half-baked to the rest of the world.
These people are scholars, making these talks to audiences is 0.001% of their work and, usually, not the part they like most.
Orthorf How does that justify not taking a few minutes to make sure their communication tools are in good order - IOW bothering to do it well. They are also teachers. They set a bad example for their students,
+Kristine Heim All true but at least the audio's decent for a change...
Penn Shill information
The guy spend decades learning and researching about an old civilization, spend years to learn how to read cuneiform, he write books, papers, give classes and lectures. And people are complaining about powerpoint and microphone. C'mon people, be serious
If utnapishtim was immortal then who would he be today? I have a feeling that these immortals never left earth and are the ones that run our governments.
BroToPro I suspect Utnapishtim might be Vladimir Putin.
BroToPro George Sorosmesh
But he lives in a different dimension
the bitsch and the inosance
you cant write for shit
You choose to ignore punctuation and grammar in that statement, hilarious.
Everybody knows USA army capture Gilgamesh in a Cryogenic Chamber
John muleiro what
@@joannejoanna5374 yes I have the video but know you cant. even I just can see it once in media.secret files but I have been able to crrate unlocked copies of it
@@joannejoanna5374 in you tube and instagram
The God of Israel flooded the earth. Unless there were 2 floods.
"It doesn't really matter if he really lived or not"
I mean are you serious?
Jochem Meijnen ...I could not believe my ears when he said that too...had to rewind just to make sure I heard what he said!! Stop it shorty after that...
Great flood =straits of gibraltar
The BIBLE helps in dating
80 truth 20 lies me feel .
I think some of this story is bull s.
Omg talking and pictures and dry jokes
God? Pfft! All those so called gods were/are the Djinn-kind. Gilgamesh was half human half Djinn. The great flood was because of such beings corrupting the earth/land.
#yourwelcome
Fake stories
Completely infected with politics. Gilgamesh is IRANIAN EPIC.
So Gilgamesh is Jason, Hercules killing the Minotaur, Nimrod the hunter king....in other words, gilgamesh is the first plagiarist
The Greek pantheons are embellished redactions written much later
The coverup of the truth continues.
and how do you know the "truth"?
😂
Arrata civilization is 20,000 years plus.
There is archeology to prove it.And they had cities.Even Sumarians believed that they originated there.
So this is not great info here from the start.
I wonder if this historian knows that Ur , Uru-Solyma , Kish , Kuta ,Samos,Karpathos , Bab-ilo,Bab-el , Bihar, Arad Arpad city states - all this geographical names make sense only in HUNGARIAN ( magyar ) language !!! So who where those people magyars , huns , or schytians ???
do you mind sharing with us the meanings of those ancient geographical names? thnx
Guy on youtube claims only his countrymen can do X, people from Y cant do what X people can do....I wouldn't hold my breath waiting for rational evidence in the response you wont get
Nice pictures, yes indeed, but for whom? children? Another superficial lecture made by so-called "scholars" which is not about knowledge but authority. Many scholars from around the world don't share these superficial views. Always the same words "magick", "rituals", etc.
Why not talking about the importance of astronomy, the most important contribution to the ancient world? The same people or "scholars" who once thought that tablets were mere decorative designs!
You can see it the other way round, considering that scholars have given us an opportunity to study these ancient cultures. You are not inviting Mr Tinney to dialogue, you reduce hjm and lock him up, this is not fair. He is one of the few teachers who accept questions at the end of his lectures. In the Collège de France, the lectures (on line) end on the scholar's last word !
I knew this was going to be misinformation when he starts off by saying we can trust maps and that they are accurate. LOL... yeah, ok
Gilgamesh=Nimrod
Uruk=Babylon=modern day Iraq
Now go dig, for the real story
Gilgamesh was nothing like Nimrod.
Parijat Singh The names do keep changing to protect the guilty, eh?
What if all source code in this world is lost? Are we able to rebuild the system? e.g. Airplane, MS windows, unix, mac. Or we simply go back to the stone age
+Alex Jack
+Alex Jack
ha ha
we go back to Books, then start all over again.
Pioneers crossed this country with paper maps and horses. The kids now, won't have an app to tell them where to go