Battle of Immae, 272 AD ⚔️ How Aurelian Restored the Roman Empire (Part 2)
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- Опубликовано: 16 сен 2024
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🚩 See all 3 parts here: • How Aurelian restored ...
🚩 I'm very pleased to have worked with Dr. Byron Waldron on this video. His research and incredible insight into the Crisis of the Third Century made this video possible. The Crisis of the Third Century was one of the darkest periods in Roman history. By 270 AD the empire had practically disintegrated, but emperor Aurelian managed to string an unprecedented series of military victories to restore the Roman Empire. This mini series will feature 3 parts, stay tuned.
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📢 Narrated by David McCallion
📝 Research and Writing by Dr. Byron Waldron
🎼 Music, courtesy of EpidemicSound
📝 Sources:
Andrade, N. J. 2018: Zenobia: Shooting Star of Palmyra, New York.
www.cambridge....
De Blois, L. 2018: Image and Reality of Roman Imperial Power in the Third Century AD: The Impact of War, London.
www.routledge....
Potter, D. S. 2014: The Roman Empire at Bay AD 180-395, 2nd ed., Oxford & New York.
www.routledge....
Stoneman, R. 1992: Palmyra and its Empire: Zenobia’s Revolt against Rome, Ann Arbor.
www.cambridge....
Watson, A. 1999: Aurelian and the Third Century, London & New York.
www.routledge....
#rome #aurelian #zenobia
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want to check them out! > www.ridge.com/HISTORY 🚩 Use Code “HISTORY ” for 10% off your order
🚩 I'm very pleased to have worked with Dr. Byron Waldron on this video. His research and incredible insight into the Crisis of the Third Century made this video possible. The Crisis of the Third Century was one of the darkest periods in Roman history. By 270 AD the empire had practically disintegrated, but emperor Aurelian managed to string an unprecedented series of military victories to restore the Roman Empire. This mini series will feature 3 parts, stay tuned.
I love this minie seriesss !!!!
وين الترجمه
Those cataphracts were so dangerous, I don't like them because they are anoing even on Total War Rome 2.
Nice video and very informative and very entertaining and very satisfaction more videos.
Do a video about gratians battle of argentovaria
Aurelian is so badass that he has avoided a military rebellion with a joke.
Like Caesar
Reminds me of how George Washington was able to keep the Continental Army from lynching congress for not paying them.
He was actually dead serious he just called his troops out since they wanted to be so serious
That was a pretty dangerous gamble if you ask me. In my opinion he would have been better off not reneging on his initial promise, but doing it after he had refused to do so would have set a very dangerous precedent that would have been basically his end.
@@paterfamiliasgeminusiv4623 If they kill him there would so much complications and it’s not like they are the only army. They just tried to see if they can otherwise intimidate the Emperor he had all the cards.
Give us an emperor from humble beginnings! Give us a leader our armies will follow! Give us... *EMPEROR* *AURELIAN* !
Vista verde aurelian wohoo bibiboooo yeppp u also???
Rome total war 2 empire divided
Auerlians death was more tragic than Caesars death, FIGHT ME.
@@EpicAMV911 how did he die?
@@peanutbutterman411 Aurelian hated government corruption and if he caught a government official being corrupt he would kill that official. But then there was that one government official that lied and told the army officers in Aurelian army that they were to be killed next, so they killed him on his way to campaign against the Sassanids.
When I was in university, one of my classmates presented a dissertation about this battle and he called the cataphracts "those scary chunky bastard boys". He didn't pass the exam, but passed into legend
"those scary chunky bastard boys" is a very good depiction of them
Haha, I would've given an A to that fella. Haha "those scary chunky bastard boys", imo describes these perfectly. They were like bloody tanks on horseback.
Funny story.
Cataphracts are like French obscenely rich nobility at the battle of Crecy. Easy to defeat if you think about it. Nice plunder too! Slow, arrogant, smelly nobles on the equivelent of a modern battle tank....except on3 mine, on3 man with a fire-forget Javalin missile, one predator drone takes out millions of $ of worthless hardware; sort of like aircraft carriers also....
I would've let him pass. Some people just lack a sense of humour.
Aurelian: "Kill all the dogs in Tyana"
Legions: *uncontrolled laughter*
Dogs: 👁👄👁
Yeah Im kinda curious if all the dogs were actually really killed.
@@SJ23982398 From what I remember from another RUclips history channel (don't remember which one, I am sorry to say) the legions laughed at the joke and then went into the town and killed every dog there.
@@SJ23982398 Of course they did- they loved pillaging which entails theft, burning, murder, torture, rape. Aurelian used the loophole of letting them butcher everyone's pets to satisfy their bloodlust while reducing the damage to his reputation with the people.
Poor dogs 🐶🐶🐶
@@oneangrymelon i have trouble believing that wouldn't piss people off and defeat the entire purpose of him holding off pillage.
Aurelian's nickname - Restitutor Orbis - is Latin for "fuck it, I'll do it myself".
Pretty much yes
Haha, why didn't I think of this while making the video!
@@HistoryMarche You're welcome to it for part 3
Or "I'm going to deal with this. Personally."
Or "If you want something done, do it yourself"
It's nice to see a Roman actually learn Steppe warfare tactics.
the Romans were renowned for their ability to quickly adapt according to the type of enemy they fought. no wonder they were present on the world stage for around 2000 years
When you hear "feigned retreat" you know battle gonna be bloody
crassus was a great steppe tactician
@@semregob3363 His son was even better. You could even call him king of steppe tacticians
Definitively the best graphics battle history channel.
Agreed, the maps are detailed and the small blocks as units and their movement are beautiful
I would say one of the best, just to be polite to some other channels. But I do think the terrain maps are the best and those really immerse you in the battle.
@@Dayvit78 I would like to be polite, but when I watch the other channels they end up always inferior compared to this one, not pleasant to follow as this one.
@@smitthone I would put this in the top 5, without being able to give #1 to any channel since they each have their own strengths. Of course it also depends on your area of interest. I could name a few in case you don't know... but again, out of politeness, not in HistoryMarche's comments.
Epic History TV & K&G are really good too. So much great history content on yt we are truly spoiled😅
5000 light cavalry defeating 5000 heavy cataphracts. Genius tactical maneuvering by Emperor Aurelian...he wasn't supposed to win that engagement on paper.
@@LuisAldamiz Wouldn't call them overrated, battles like these are the exception, not the rule. Otherwise heavy cavalry would've never dominated in medieval times like they did.
as soon as the narrator said "a hot June morning" I knew they were done for.
@@LuisAldamiz heavy cavalry can literally the course of war if used correctly why do you think the hussars are so succcesful
@@LuisAldamiz Then again the Polish Winged Hussars were actually quite seriously armored, so I guess the definition is somewhat loose.
Heavy cavalry is not very effective against faster cavalry if they decide to flee.
Better use them as shock troops against the infantry and shoot the light cavalry with arrows.
19:35 Aurelian using Mongol Tactics 1000 years before the Mongols.
I think they were copying the Parthians.
@@sirjoey3137 I believe Aurelian didn't had horse archers, like the Parthians. But he did tired the Palmyrian horseman in a pursuit to strike back with his calvary, the mongols did the same against the Kwarazmian Persians.
Then the Mamluks proceed to do the same.
Bonus that Mamluks were descendants of Tribes displaced by Mongols.
So let's just call it an Aurelian retreat from now on.
@@sirjoey3137 and the parthians were copying the scythians, its useless to say who copied who because humans reinvent the same stuff all the time.
Things become relevant and stop being relevant, for example armor.
Who cares who invented the first armor, what matters more is that we ended up going for thickness and coverage until early guns, then started returning to heavy armor as we developed ceramics in the modern era.
Aurelian's actions at Immae is a textbook example of tactical masterclass. I'm sure Julius Caesar himself would've been proud.
Imagine if Aurelian was alive during the Hunnic invasions... He just pulled a Mongol-style feigned retreat way before this was a well-known tactic.
I can just imagine how he would out-class the lightly armoured Hunnic troops in a battle... But the thing that disturbs me the most is that these tactics were effective well into the 12 and 13th centuries (look at the Mongols), right when gunpowder weapons were starting to be introduced...
Am really disappointed that there wasn't a general smart enough to realise the tactics used by the Mongols and beat them but well , any army before 1000AD could easily be defeated by any Roman Army under a decent general.
And to be completely honest I think that most 14 and 15th century armies without gunpowder weapons could still be defeated by late Roman Armies under an excellent commander. Look at Agincourt where the heavy steel armour of the French was softened by British peasants with a long bow.
@@mabeSc The answer to that was.. "HONOUR"! Also they had absolutely no fucking discipline, unlike the romans.
@@RexGalilae The Turks indeed gave the Mongols a challenge but nowhere near enough. Their defeats is partly why they migrated into the East Roman Empire.
Still , it is such a shame that the Western Roman Empire collapsed partly because of the Huns (which were defeated by Aetius anyways). Imagine how different Europe would be today if both the Eastern and Western Empire had time to develop better administrative practices.
But in the end is the endemic corruption that ended them and a game that they played called "murder the emperor to become one". I also feel like the Republic gave birth to much better generals thanks to their strict cursus honorum where only men with at least 10 years of military experience could lead an army.
Maybe if someone overthrew the emperor system and put in place a less-corrupt Republican system then who knows , the Eastern Empire fell in the 15th century , if both were alive maybe today we'd live in a completely different world... It is so nice to dream about this... Imagine a Caesar of the Empire that would go on to restore the Republic.
@@RexGalilae Disagree. Rome became the superpower it was under Republic era. Augustus Caesar no doubt was the greatest emperor Rome ever had, he was political genius. None of his successors quite matched him. I do think Rome would've been better off as a Republic imo.
@@teemuvesala9575
Roman expansion and stability during the Empire was unmatched by the Republic, that soon began to turn on itself the moment Rome stopped having external enemies.
Instead of cherry picking isolated events from middle Republic to third century empire when the Republic was at its best and the empire, at its worst, we should look at it as a timeline from Marius to Marcus Aurelius. It's no surprise that the first half 170 odd years were known for its incessant civil wars and the next 170, as Pax Romana, the golden age of Rome.
Comparing disparate events from Scipio's time to those of Honorius is unfair as the situation was day and night different then
Narrator’s voice is absolute element of interest....❤️❤️
Becareful of rooftops
yeah but its slowed down in this one by 25%
this narrator has a glorious voice.
Emperor Aurelian and Queen Zenobia were truly extraordinary for their day n time. But the Roman Empire was too small for them both to exist side by side. Nice video.
4:17 - "Wanted! For trying to be more powerful than me!
Zenobia The Bad .. Dead or Alive"
*(Smirk)* Such eloquence from the Romans. XD
I would love to see an actually wanted poster from this era
Troops: “You promised us plunder!”
Aurelian: “Look, do you want to win this campaign or not?”
Troops: “You said not to leave even a single dog alive in Tyana!”
Aurelian: “I did indeed say that. Well then, kill all the dogs!”
Troops: *uncontrollable laughter*
I smell a new series, also hoping that Hannibal will make an eventual return
Me too sonny me too
He said in an older episode that hannibal videos will apear somewere in may or june, so stay tuned.
@@53yearsago56 Zama 😭😥
@@53yearsago56 I look foward to the Battle of Silva Litana next. another roman army destroyed in the same year but overshadowed by Cannae
@@shahsaud2625 this is what i am waiting for.
At nephews baptism now, but it’s never a bad time to watch you guys 👍
"In the name of Sol Invictus, I name thee...", oh wait!
Does they’re response speak to you?
No respect.
I would encourage you, to encourage your nephew to have a strong relationship with God.
@@nightrunner3701 what
@@LuanMower55 sol invictus
the late empire romans were not sure which pagan deities to worship, sol invictus was a singular pagan deity in the late Roman period.
Many have strongly suggested that Christianity sprang up from the worship of this deity.
As a consequence of many early Christians adding pagan holidays, traditions and imagery into the faith (to try and rapidly convert populations) there is some backing for this argument.
The argument ignores however, the evidence we have of Jesus existence, Jewish history, and the Old Testament.
@@nightrunner3701 Solstice Christmas is sol invictus?
Probus is underrated. He carried Aurelian’s spirit.
So much so he got hit by lightning and died.
@@codysing1223 it was Carus who died that way, Probus was murdered like Aurelian.
@@g.sergiusfidenas6650 Your correct, alot of dudes in a short period of time!
@@g.sergiusfidenas6650 Both deaths were sad, since both were good emperors. If Probus lived longer, the imperial economy might have been in a better shape. If Carus lived longer, the Persian empire might have been shattered, or heavly weakened.
@@radu-andreinitu3961 Tacitus seems to have been also a good emperor, like Carus he avenged the murder of his predecesor, tried to give the senate more power to compensate the power of the army and campaigned successfully against germanic tribes. Seems like he died of natural causes something very rare those days but despite his short reign I think he was worthy of the occupying the throne.
The most underrated Roman Emperor. I'm glad many people in the last years recognized how good it was, even due to projects like the yours
Edit. Queen Zenobia was truly badass, she is so interesting as historical figure
How? Is? She? A? Badass?
I dont think it is easy to outmanuever rome, yet she was able to partially legitimise her son at the beginning.
@@AmanKumarPadhy It was actually incredibly easy to outmanuever a declining rome, so many different people accomplished it!
@@benedictjajo Woman in 3rd century Roman Empire, at a time when women didn't even had their own first names, managed to effectively become a ruler of powerful state and defy Rome itself. If that's not badass, I don't know what is.
@@darkorodic638 agreed and she was real witty and strong willed too
Aurelian had the most suitable name of all Roman Emperors, since Augustus.
Trajan?
@@geordiejones5618 Well, Aurelian means "Golden One", a name give to the Sun. Trajan means "Janus Son", I don't realize the relation to the Emperor Trajan. Does he was born in January?
Aurelian’s story would be a good tv series.
Would never happen, it's too based, confident and masculine for these sorry times.
I'm a huge fan of this youtube channel. In my opinion the editing choices of the sfx, confetti and eyeball spy are a bit strange in tone when compared with the nature of the content, and off putting in my personal opinion. I respect that others may enjoy it. I really appreciate the amount of work making these videos must take, thank you!
I love the amount of depth and details you go into before the battle starts, keep up the good work.
Glad you enjoy it!
Hi, im from saudi arabia congratulations for the baby, i hope you all live together peacefully and happy
عيد مبارك بالمسبق 😀
And you my brother ❤️🌹
And so, Aurelian put an end to Dido's curse when he defeated the spiteful reincarnation of Dido called Zenobia.
i dont get it
@@stuka80, watch Dovahhatty's Crisis of the Third Century video.
Aurelian was a brilliant military commander and he demonstrated that at Immae. He certainly didn't win the war against Zenobia at Immae, but he did defeat 5000 of Palmyra's most powerful cavalry with only a comparable number of light cavalry. I think the most significant damage done to Palmyra by the Battle of Immae would be psychological. Seeing 5000 of their most powerful military force defeated by light cavalry must have been quite demoralizing.
Part 3 coming tomorrow.
Haha that “Stop the Steal” was brilliant
These maps are just so damn beautiful. How I wish we could play grand strategy simulation games in this kind of detail.
I wish they'd put a scale on them, though. Without scaling info, it's super difficult to just distances.
Please keep this series coming and do more stuff on Rome, both early and late, love this stuff and you present it so well!
THE AURELIANUS BOYS IS HERE!!🔥
*Historymarch makes interesting video about one of my favorite Emperor's
ME:Where Hannibal?
(But really thanks for the video)
Salvete ladies and lads!
If some of you are curious about the appearance and equipment of Severan dynasty/Crisis of the Third Century era Roman troops, I recommend:
-"Roman Infantry Equipment : The Later Empire" by Ian P. Stephenson (it focuses exclusively on the 193-284 AD timeline)
-"Legions In Crisis, Transformation of the Roman Soldier, AD 192-284" by Paul Elliott
-"The Army of Maximinus Thrax, The Roman Soldier of the early 3rd century AD" by Dr. Jan Eschbach and Stefano Borin
-"Excavations at Dura-Europos, 1928-1937, Final Report VII, The Arms and Armour and other Military Equipment" by Simon James (focused almost entirely on the 3rd century AD Roman garrison until the fall of the city in 256)
Best regards,
Hugues
Great !
When it comes to magazines, I suggest :
-"Ancient Warfare (Dec/Jan 2009) : Rome in crisis: the third century AD"
-"Ancient Warfare XIV.5 : Breakaway empires of the third century AD" (soon to be released)
For those who can read in Spanish:
-"DESPERTA FERRO, número especial XVII : La legión romana (V), La anarquía militar"
(P.S.: this last one is a BEAST, it has a level of informations and illustrations about the period in "just" 80 pages that is unparalleled!)
Yes.
Dovahtty(probably wrong spelling) fans awaken follow the eagle,follow Aurelian as he puts an end to the Curse of Dido by his blade on Zenobi's neck
10 years ago I was in elementary school and someone asked for a pen. All of a sudden, Penahatty burst into the room, demanding who asked for a pen. He thought we were talking about penalties, and he wanted to take it. I've been traumatized ever since. Shame on you Penahatty for ruinin my education!!!
(Chads Dabbing in the Distance)
Put an end to her evil eastern magic once and for all!
I will FOLLOW Aurilean!!
I am SHOCKED that this video wasn’t sponsored by Master Class after that potential transition
Haha, that would've been seamless... maybe?
@@HistoryMarche 110% was what I was expecting 😂
The best voice in a history channel, brings me to their world.
An excellent Part 2. I thought, I would go around the East of the lake thus second guessing Aurelian successfully. Can't wait for Part 3. Thanks for bringing to light this period of history!
Just in time for tea. Always a great production HM. 👍
This is epic, let me get my snacks and drinks!
Great portrayal of the eastern campaign of Aurelian, greatest of the soldier emperors and truly restorer of the empire.
Thank you sir. Part 3 coming tomorrow.
Now this is the video we all are waiting for!!!
Brilliant strategy and tactics
These videos have got me hooked, it's like history class, if history class was actually good... It would be awesome to see a Three Kingdoms period video soon about the Red Cliff battle !
Great stuff! Hopefully part 3 is coming soon.
Working on it! Hope to finish by next weekend.
thanks for this amazing video
Thank you...Corona drained my energy. These videos r helping me getting it back full:)
What a great story from a great storytelling team!
Thank you sir. Much appreciated.
"Sol Invictus will fry your ass". That's my new favorite bold statement, for sure.
Thank you for putting the footnotes where they can be read with the video paused!
History channel I love you man really thanks for this awesome video !
Thanks for watching!
The day that historymarche upload is a good day :)
"We have lighter, but well disciplined cavalry."
"Feigned Retreat?"
"Feigned Retreat!"
Works every time.
@@gavinsmith9871 Only if your troops got the discipline for it.
Otherwise the feigned retreat cam quickly turn into a real one. :-)
@@christopherg2347 Ok then...90 percent of the time it works, every time.
I wish more people showed actual pictures of the mountain passes. Shit reminds me of the misty mountain crossing in lord of the rings
Indeed, and this one is the real deal. In Roman times it was even narrower. Actually, it was dug INTO the cliff, because it was so steep that it was impossible to build a road otherwise. It's only in more modern times that the pass was widened with explosives to make a modern road.
@@HistoryMarche why didn't palmirans try to fight Romans at the end of the pass? Wasn't there any chance to ambush Romans?
@@davitsurguladze6643 I wondered the same, but sadly the sources don't mention this.
I’m loving these videos fam!!! You guys are the greatest historians on earth!!!!
Amazing History 😋 It is the organization of these military expeditions!!!
My favourite history channel. What a voice makes me wanna go restore the empire
I agree with Note#3 with all my heart, Praise the Sun.
Clibanarii : I am the strongest and heaviest cavalry of the East and my reputation makes me an elite and feared troop of the roman army!
Aurelian's Light Cavalry : *Beats the Cataphracts*
Also the Clibanarii : Waits that illegal!
Fantastic content, This is what history channels should aim to emulate.
God bless you sir. We are waiting for the part 3
Aurelian using feigned cavalry retreats to beat a superior enemy force before it was cool.
Parmenion: "But my king, we already founded a city called Alexandria."
Alexander: "Alexandretta it is, then."
Repeat
Thanks for the early release and very beautiful vidio.
Thanks for posting
These videos are absolutely superb. Just superb.
Thanks for the Video
By far top channel in Content & graphics
Love that the ad spot was done in the same glorious cadence as the rest of the video.
This is just too epic. Thank you.
Good work 👌
Thank you so much 😀
Was looking forward to this, thankyou!
Been waiting for part 2! Aaaawweesome content!
Thank you very much for the work done)
Can't wait for pt 3!
This is the best cavalry tactic and the most clever strategy I ever seen this was epic battle.
I hope HBO is paying attention. Imagine a (fully funded) series like "Rome" depicting Aurelians rise to power. E P I C
Maybe they can hire me as the director. I'm cheap as fuck too :)
I laughed so hard when I saw the Footnote #3
Thank you so much for uploading this video. It is helping me get through the pandemic!
Awesome video! Thank you!
Sol Invictus Aurelian, Warrior Emperors are always pleasing.
Like always, very good video! the maps are really beautiful by the way!
Thank you very much!
this was amazing pls send out more
I love how you say Aluminum!!
It's how the Europeans say it ;)
Epic history made my day. :)
HistoryMarche do you think you could make some series on Hamilcar Barca since he is also famous, a British plane in ww2 was named after him and many other things, I hope you can take me back in time to his battles with your intriguing series.
Quite possible, yes. I certainly will do the 1st Punic War at some stage.
Awesome!
Love ya videos mate
Thanks!! It would be great if you made a video on Trajan's conquest.
If there is something constant throughout history, it is that the army successfully feigning retreat always wins.
Dido's curse was finally lifted as Aurelian brought the sword down on her, ending a centuries-long struggle stretching back to Aeneas.
Amazing! As always HM
This stuff is freaking awesome!!
Thank you very much.
16:40 And THIS is one of many reasons why I love you, HM!
Wow, great tactical skills
your voice and this animations are just perfect match. Thanks for making this video.
Thank you very much!
Great work.. very good video as always 👍
Thank you! Cheers!
Another top quality video ! We're in for some more action in episode 3 and I can't wait! You guys and the other channels in the history community should be nick named "The restorers of the history channel" given that it's higher quality and about actual history and not aliens or whatever. Keep up the good fight!
Damn, you spoiled Part 3. Aurelian gets abducted by aliens!
@@HistoryMarche haha, it turns out all the Roman emperors were aliens being murdered by their troops once they were uncovered. The ones who died of old age just integrated too well in society.
Masterclass in warfare by Aurelian, can't wait for pt3!
What a gorgeous cavalry manoeuvre
Omg that stop the steal was so offensive.
He he.. Where's your 2nd amendment now?
Go on. Seccede. 😏
@@rishi7629 i blame fake news.