Battle of Sempach, 1386 - Swiss Oath Brothers fight the Austrian war machine
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- Опубликовано: 15 мар 2024
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📢 Narrated by David McCallion
🎼 Music:
Epidemic Sounds
Filmstro
All this scoring - Kevin MacLeod
📚 Sources:
Battle of Sempach - The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology - Clifford J. Rogers (2010)
Medieval Warfare - Delbrück, Hans (1990)
The Swiss at War 1300 - 1500 - Douglas Miller (1979)
A Concise History of Switzerland - Clive H. Church (2013)
Medieval European Armies - Terence Wise (1975)
#history #documentary #medieval
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Thanks For this as always 🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉
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As some others have mentioned, betterhelp seems to do more harm than good. It may be wise to do some extra research into them. Not only did they deceive their customers, they also sold sensitive information, especially personal medical information, to various social media sites like facebook and pinterest. The FTC actually forced betterhelp to pay for refunds in the amount of 7.8 million dollars last year due to their deceptive practices.
These types of slogging infantry battles are always so brutal. Hacking at eachother out there for hours in the hot sun sounds like a living hell.
Not a phone in sight! Just people living the moment
@@konstantinriumin2657 do kids nowadays EVEN KNOW what mass death looks like? smh
@xBu11Dogx Haiti today and the 30k Palestinians killed so far is mass killing in a matter of just months
So much different than the line infantry shooting at eachother centuries later
@@xBu11Dogxdo u?
Swiss here, thanks for this important part of our history!
Heil Bruder!
Salut mon frère
Salve fratello
Hopp Schwiiz! 🔥
Even before watching, as soon as I heard Swiss Confederacy I'm pretty damn sure I know who wins
dSchwizer
@@divicospower9112"Heil bruder" das seit ke Schwiizer...
The Habsburg castle still exists today in the Canton of Aargau. Also, the Habsburgs were the protectors of the monastery of Einsiedeln, which was raided a year prior to the battle of Morgarten. The Habsburgs were obligated to react as did Charles the Bold 1476 when he was obliged to protect the lands of his ally the Count of Savoy. The Swiss were the aggressors in many cases but since they won almost all battles, they were direct subjects of the Emperor and had none between to rule them. Bern was the mightiest free city (freie Reichsstadt) north of the Alps thanks to its huge possessions and allies. In later times, the Swiss became so famous and feared that other professional warriors from all over Europe joined their ranks.
Great Video. Myselfe a swiss i always enjoy these videos about our History!
I also love it how in english, the lake is called lake lucerne. But We Swiss call it Vierwaldstädtersee. Which litterally translated means „Four Forest City Lake“
Have a Great Day everyone!
You too 🙏
@@gnasher688thanks mate!
Your translation is incorrect. The lake is called "Vierwaldstättersee", where a "Stätte" is a term for a place, not a city. So the translation would be more like "Lake of the four forest places", which would be in line with the term "forest cantons" for the cantons Uri, Schwyz and Unter-/Nidwalden, and the canton of Lucerne. In line with that the French name for the lake is "Lac de Quatre-Cantons" and the Italian name is "Lago dei Quattro Cantoni" (and Romansch "Lai dals Quatter Chantuns"), which all translate to "Lake of (the) four Cantons".
@@JanB1605 well depends. In the region around that lake that i am from, people refer to it as a synonyme. Because Place or city is pretty equal as there are 4 cantons around it with 4 major cities. But it could be that the definition has changed in time. Anyway. Have a Good Day my Swiss Brother 🇨🇭
As an American descendant of Europeans with an never ending fascination with European history i can say that out of all the European countries Switzerland is #1 on my list of countries I want to visit before I die. Not only is Switzerland lands and mountains almost mythical in beauty but has one of the most fascinating histories throughout Europe. How Switzerland was able to survive the carnage of European war and carnage for so long is minfblowing and I'm grateful they did..Long Live Switzerland and the Swiss people 🇨🇭🙏🏻❤️
Don't be so dramatic. Surviving is for drowning at sea. You either win a fight, or you lose because you're not good enough, outnumbered, or betrayed
A small appreciation of your great work by an enthusiastic Swiss, thank you very much!
Thank you for the kind words and thank you so much for supporting my work. Very kind of you.
As an Austrian, it's interesting to see Swiss history for once, especially with the great detail on the maps, it looks so beautiful
As an Austrian American do our people always lose seems that way? Swiss, Napoleon, WW2, even lost to the Turks basically until the Polish saved our people in 1683.
@@brettk9316 If you look at history, there are many countries that have lost wars because it wasn't interesting to them. The austrian Habsburgs preferred their bigger austrian lands and since the swiss fought good, they just gave it up as it wasn't worth it. But overall, I think Austria just simply doesn't have a big military history, after all, the habsburgs were known for their marrying, not their amazing Military, though there were definitely times were the Habsburgs did have one of the strongest armies and generals in Europe, like Eugene of Savoy (though that was a French guy serving the Habsburgs)
And lastly the struggle against the turks wasn't really a loss until 1683, it was just a stalemate, and the few hussars that the poles sent did help, but there were many more troops from the HRE and Austria that were coming to aid. Austria just isn't a (comparably to France, UK, Germany and Russia) military focused state.
Well done on 1 million subs btw! I have absorbed all of your content, learning tons upon tons.
Thank you for doing what many of us aspire to be!
Thank you very much!
Thanks! We need more Swiss history! :)
More to come! Thank you for supporting my work. Very kind of you.
Also a swiss guy here. Thanks for the Video, i like your Videos a Lot and its Nice to See one from switzerland. I live near Sempach and drive weekly trough the battlefield (there is a mayor Road)
Isch e schöni gägend
@@miliba scho so
I know it's different being in the field and through the fog of war, but I find it peculiar that:
1. The Freibourgers (fry burgers, heh) had no mentioned reserves to reinforce the crumbling center or flank the enemy
2. The cavalry, having reached an effective stalemate against the halberd "hedgehog", failed to flank the enemy line or even hit them in the rear
The terrain was not suitable for a cavalry attack, the knights dismounted and had to cut or rather tear off the point of their pointed steel shoes (suitable for keeping their feet in the stirrups) to be able to walk in an almost normal way.
The previous battle
Congratulations on 1 million subscribers H.M.. Been subbed since around 70 thousand or so; and it's been a true joy and honor to see how much you and your team have grown over the years. Putting out quality videos that are not only historically accurate, but entertaining and educational. I've gotten my girlfriend hooked on your videos as well - someone who knew very little about history and could care less for it.. she now enjoys it immensely!
Thank you for all the time and effort you put into this channel! Keep em' comin! ⚔🙏🏻⚔
You're the Best! Always look forward to your videos 😊😊😊❤❤❤
Totally different time when leaders fought and died in the front ranks. This generates a totally different relationship between subject and master .
Amazing work! This is one of my favorite videos.
Thank you for your efforts
Thank you for shedding some awesome light on this important part of the history of my country!
HISTORYMARCHE BACK WITH ANOTHER FANTASTIC DIVE INTO THE OLD TEXTS OF HISTORY!!! LOVE YOUR WORK!❤
What a terrific video! Thanks, HistoryMarche.🔥⚔👏
This is the best history channel I've ever found on RUclips! Thanks for an awsome quality of your work!
Finnaly a new video , thanks for your work
The quality of these videos has improved so much over the years, from the commentary to the visuals. Very impressive.
Great video! Thank you for all your hard work and remembering me of my birthplace.
Wonderful video. I absolutely enjoy watching these right before work.
Great work, as always. 👍
These videos are damn well made and the viosuals are extremly helpful in understanding what happend.
I'm Swiss and I absolutely loved this video. Thank you
It was an informative and wonderful historical coverage episode about a significant stage of Swiss history. Thank you 🙏 ( history Marche) channel for sharing
Awesome work finding forgotten events and making them epic
Great video as always. Thank you
Thanks for a nother great historical battle video
The Swiss have to be super tough to wear the Swuss Guard uniform.
Love the videos, keep it up.
Love the stuff you do, awesome as always
The smart ass comments in the bubble text always makes it fun. Thx. 😉👍
Riveting as ever, keep up the great work!
As always, amazing!
Hey HistoryMarche I see you've got that 1 million subs! Congratulations! Your channel is amazing and your voice work is 2nd on youtube only to Kings and Generals. You're AWESOME. Thanks for all of the excellent content, I have learned so much
thanks for the visuals to this important piece of swiss history
I very much enjoyed your video and I gave it a Thumbs Up
Great as always
Amazing video as always HM!
Legend!
In a moment of crisis it is often one person standing up, and taking the reins that makes the difference. It really isn't so hard to believe that one man rushed forward, and allowed his fellows to attack.
It’s a modern historian issue.
Many of them can’t believe the ability of great men, to this for example many say that Shakespeare wasn’t really one guy but several. And the evidence for this is, “one person couldn’t possibly have done all of that”.
Seems to be an in vogue way of thinking for historians.
Why did the knights not go round the rear of the enemy battle line? Instead of trying to destroy the schiltron.
Cause then the schiltron would have hit the flank of the army I guess. Its very easy to spot tactical openings from a birds view. But in a battle things were very confusing loud and dusty I assume. Hard to keep the overview
because the schiltron is still a threat to their rear
It’s uneven ground. It’s bad for flanking attacks. The front is more narrow than it seems. Also a schiltron can defend well against flank attacks. The Swiss are using halberds not spears. This weapon is quite flexible unlike the pikes and spears used by the Habsburgs.
Thr knights were already winning the battle.
No need to go around, if you're already killing most of the enemy in front.
Of course, later during the battle, the Austrians had no cohesion or discipline left to go around.
Hills, mountains, broken ground and lack of knowledge of terrain. When you don’t have good reconnaissance, you attack what you see…. Or if you’re smart, retire from the field until you can gather good intel and favorably deploy your troops.
Very informative ❤
So proud to be Swiss and so happy you made this video! The next Should be the battle of Murten.
Could you do a story on the Viking conquest of western Scotland? Particularly the Battle of Largs and the events leading up to it. It was the last Viking battle fought in Scotland.
Thank you.
Thanks!
These videos are 🔥.
love your channel. watched it for years. if i ha money i would support you. please continue your great work. thanks
Awesome new thumbnail and title!🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
Sacrifice For the algorithm! You're amazing 🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
I wish this dude narrated everything 🔥
ngl this feeling hits diffrent when u see your small hometown wädenswil ( small city in the Canton of Zürich) on the map
Never once does this channel disappoint! You sir, should consider doing something bigger with your excellent narrative skills!!
15:28 Small mistake. Alsace is along the Rhine river not west of burgundy. Sundgau is the south of Alsace. Alsace goes from Sundgau to the north of Strasbourg.
Nice work can i recommend a Video Idea, The Battle of Didgori
Love the breakdown from Rome to the present of the battle.
As someone in Switzerland I find it peculiar that in the beginning the video mentions the Helvetii in particular, who inhabited part of the region but would vanish over the ages and have nothing to do with Switzerland, but skips entirely the Alemanni who also fought Rome, carving out a larger area than Switzerland & posing the point-of-origin for Switzerland's Germanic majority.
I am not sure if the Helvetiis where Celtic or Germanic tribes or probably a mix of both but what i know is that when Cesar conquered the helvetii tribe much romans came into this area and they mixed themselves with the helvetii and their decendans probably again mixed themselves with some subtribes of the Alemanni thats why modern south germans and swiss understand each other language wise but north germans cant understand swiss german what is for sure is that CH stands for Confederation Helvetica
@@mrcazzovic7960 The Helvetii were Celtic. If they mixed with the Romans, this will only concern the westernmost parts of Switzerland because their settlement focussed there & the remaining Romans also focussed there. In Alemannic Switzerland the Alemanni did not integrate into the Romans, but the Romans mostly fled or integrated into the Alemanni. The reason why Swiss & Swabians understand each other is because they both speak Alemannic, because they both were parts of the same political entity first tribal & later in the early middle ages ducal. CH stands for Confoederatio Helvetica, but it's a naming convention akin to Bohemia being based on the Boii.
History Marche thank you for an intresting video I was thinking could you please do a video about the finnish war 1808-1809 between Sweden and Russia It seems like this war is often forgotten when you talk about the other wars that happened during the Napoleonic wars
Let's goooo, i hope you guys do the burgundian and swabian wars someday, great video as always!
The Battles the Swiss fought against their enemies in this day n time are oh so interesting. Great video.
Incredible.
When will you be releasing more of the Hannibal series? Could you also do a what happens to Hannibal after his defeat please, right up until his death?
You guys should make more series videos like this for other leaders in history. You guys hold a very distinc and captive way of storytelling, I think you guys should continue capitalising on this. Such great videos from this channel.
My paternal Swiss-American Grandfather, originally from a village near Lake Biel, Switzerland, enjoyed telling about the Battle of Sempach, and the Swiss Hero Arnold von Winkelried.
May this comment be a sacrifice to the Algorithm. All hail the Algorithm!
One day somebody is going to have to explain to me why it was the middle of the 14th century that the mountain boys suddenly started eating meat and going after it. I mean, why THEN? You never hear about the Swiss between Caesar and Sempach before then!
I'd say it's mainly because that's when the Habsburgs decided to f***around and find out.
They were there, just wanted to be left alone. The more things change the more they stay the same.
Swiss Celts did conquer Rome way back. After Ceaser you did have the invasion by the allemans. While incidents like the Swiss stealing from the Monastery Einsiedeln (under Habsburg protection) where not uncommon in the middle ages, normally the punishment expeditions were successful. In case of the Swiss, their ambush tactics and they arrogance of the nobility combined to major success for the Swiss. Success that allowed to develop better weapons and tactics. Combine that with the "unbreakable" cheat, and it was impossible the face the swiss in battle until you had enough firepower, fortified position and some landsknechts (or pike and shot units).
The Alemanni took over the region during the later stages of the Roman Empire. After that they were pretty much left alone, at least in the more mountainous parts. The House of Zähringen, which had been the predominant family in the early Middle Ages and founded Bern in the 12th century, had a hands-off approach to ruling and didn't meddle much in local affairs. After the Zähringer died out in the 13th century, the Habsburgs took over or tried to take over many areas with a more centralized rule. That's where the resistance started in the backwoods areas around Lake Lucerne. A contributing factor was that at that time merchant cities everywhere were growing in power relative to the feudal lords. Zürich and Bern joined the fight to further their own interests. A geopolitical factor why big powers became interested in the region, may have been the opening of the Gotthard route in the 13th century. All of a sudden, Uri and Schwyz were key locations to control the shortest route over the Alps from much of Western Europe.
@@eljanrimsa5843Thanks, this was very helpful! Follow-up? What did you mean the Gotthard route was opened? Aren't they just passes/valleys thru the mountains?
Great Video! Any chance of you covering the Swabian wars in the future?
Great history marche.
Leopold III and Charles the Bold, the Swiss sure kill powerful dukes in battle like it’s their national pastime!
I appreciate covering this part of our history. I wonder if there is a way to make it more clear how all the places are pronounced, given that probably every video will run into this issue.
I love these supplements to my paltry American high school ancient and medieval history class.
Très belle vidéo
This is great as always. Do you think you could ever expand into the Three Kingdoms era of China? I think if you were to do a series on it, I would have a better understanding of what happened.
I see Swiss vs Hapsburgs, I press watch immediately !
That's a very low number of troops fielded by Leopold. Only 4000? why?
Surely the Austerian empire could've fielded more troops for the conquest of the region
They were just going on a little expedition to punish some local thieves and vagabonds (the swiss had disrespected property under habsburg protection). that's what we swiss were basically at the time. outlaw alliance. with excellent ambush tactics. most battles (after stripping the legends), the snubby nobility was charging headlong into a ambush, getting pelted and forcibly dismounted by rockfall and then slaughtered.
while the swiss troops basically had the "unbreakable" cheat from start, it was only latter they got the armament and the tactics to face armies in open battle.
Well, we are still in the outgoing medieval times - not the 18th century or so - and Europe sufferered heavy population loss (1/3 of Europe) 1346-1353 due to the Black Death.
Also the Habsburgs were not Emperors of the HRE at the time and it was still the Archduchy of Austria only - for the most part the same size of Austria as we know it today - and not the Empire of the 1500s ff (that really took off with Maximilian marrying Maria of Burgundy in 1477).
I think 4000 knights + merceneries were expensive enough
Could you make a video about the Calvenschlacht 1499. The Swiss force marched into Habsburg controlled Tyrol
The ending reminds me of the Battle of Cannae but on a smaller scale. I think it was the History Marche video (and I forget the quote but it gives me shivers) how Hannibal left 'tonnes of flesh' to rot in the sun after enclosing the Romans
Funfact: Rheinfelden as shown at 4:52 in the upper left corner still exists as most names do from this map.
It lies partly in Germany now and my Boyfriend lives there with me living an hour away from it
The brave charge of Arnold reminded me of that Portuguese knight who didn't allow the castle door to be closed with his own body, which led to the capture of Lisbon from the moors
Great video, could your next video be about the conquest of Constantinople?
Now we had Morgarten and Sempach, is Murten coming soon?
It's not in the pipeline yet, but I'll definitely get to it.
Another very interesting and informative video on a subject that knew barely anything about. Watching this video and learning how the swiss won the battle by closing with the Austrians and getting past their superior weapons to massacre them with their bills. Reminded me of Flodden where a similarly unnumbered English army managed to defeat a numerically superior Scottish army as their bills and halberds at close quarters enabled them to massacre the scots armed with pikes in close distance melee fighting once they got past the lance point..
You Should Add Battle of Laupen In The Title !!!! 😅 If you type battle of Laupen on youtube there's only one clip !! Your Video Should Appear !!! It's a great explanation of the battle of Laupen !!
The Battle of Sempach in 1386 was a pivotal conflict during the Swiss independence movement against the Habsburgs. The Swiss achieved a decisive victory that defined their political future and solidified their autonomy and national identity.
A good film.
Obviously I wasn’t there but it’s hard to comprehend cavalry getting encircled by infantry on an open field
Could you cover the battle of teba, where james douglas carried King Bruce's heart into battle ? 🙂
Although the Swiss history is almost unknown in Poland, we do know of Arnold Winkelried. In the 19th century Juliusz Słowacki, one of our greatest poets, stated in Kordian that Poland (under partition at the time) is 'the Winkelried of nations'.
I always wonder why cavalery bother against a dig in enemy instead of moving on and attack the back of the main army.
Id say it many times boiled down to the lack of proper scouting of enemy dispositions. At this current time, its hard to tell, if there was any capability of mounted knights performing large scale coordinated maneuvers, but even if there was, once released at the enemy, any chance of coordinating the whole action was generally lost. Even later with more profesional organization, especially if a body of knights defeated their immediate opposition with ease, they were carried off the field in pursuit abd contributing to overall loss of the battle.
Swiss are almost always stressed as some antidote to mounted knights over and over again, which I feel is rather irrelevant. They were superbly disciplined and organized and well equipped to take any opposition head on in close quarters combat and mounted knights specifically werent some exception worthy of being highlighted, several battles mentioned here, plus several others in upcomming cca 200 years demonstrate it.
Id say, at that time, compared to today, when we can get graphically informed about anything that happened on this planet almost instantly, word would spread slowly. French encountered flemmish militias at Courtrai and only afterwards, there could be a generation of commanders and knights that were hard pressed by experience to adjust and respect their opposition. For Habsburgs, despite earlier setbacks, this was probably not the case. Discipline and organization might not be immediately recognizable, until its too late, so despite great paper strength - higher numbers, long lances, heavy armour, these knights werent able to function to the level of integrity, as represented by the Swiss, especially after hard pressed. Once their cohesion disintegrated, their numbers were just adding to the deathtoll, probably greatly bolstered by carnage after they ceased to exist as a unified fighting body. In rhis regard, mounted knights would theoretically be at a grear advantage, as unlike lumbering on foot, it was much easier to get out alive.
But even given all of that, while Id say Swiss many times kept detailes records of their battlefield strength and losses to be cross verified even today, the losing sides numbers and losses could have, more or less, been pulled out of someones arse and hence bloated and many of these encounters spiced by mystifications and confabulations. (e. g. overstating decisiveness of some engagements, or on the other side making ineffectual enemy opposition resulting in very light losses in actual combat hugely bolstered by consequent massacre in pursuit - which of course doesnt take anything from their overall tactical superiority enabling it - into some sort of epic Hollywood style struggle with every single swiss soldier being his own William Wallace in the fray.)
@@dochteur1886 Yeah it's a frightening thought that everything which is casual and mandatory to us now could be forgotten just 2 generations later if nobody write it down or document it otherwise.
I am aware that absolute intelligence about a ongoing battle is reserved for computer games, but still riders, flags and horns are no new invention :)
Knights on horseback could be described more as warriors than soldiers - it might be a little romanticized, but as horsemen and fighters overall, they were ideally extremely versatile, able to fullfill any role imaginable in warfare, be it infantry, cavalry, scouts etc. Compared to drafted cavalryman lets say napoleonic cuirassier, both man and horse on average were several leagues above in every aspect. Perhaps even on a smaller scale, they could be at least similar - groups of knights, broadly speaking, would be organized around their feudal superior and in theory would be used to working and charging together. Plus, they were under this mans authority, organized around his banner, which should at any point serve as a rallying method. Of course, there would also be other instruments, which would vary to say the least. Nevertheless, dozens of knights and their attire, as I understand would work greatly as a unit. The problem arises with deployment on tactical level, when action of thousands of knights is to be organized on the battlefield to achieve a single goal, like surrounding and destroying a sizeable enemy formation. In this case, but I might be mistaken, at least untill mid 15th century, there is no indication of solidified drill and even then any semblance of system might be probably traced to the latter half of 16th,or rather into 17th century.
Problem wasnt just with the lack of drill, but also with how hierarchy worked at that time, so various interests and other personal interests of people in command of each small element might interfere with the overall ability to achieve greater tactical goal. Same problems would be faced both on foot and mounted. Sempach might be good example, same for Laupen, Id say the video understated how little would it take to turn it into Swiss defeat. The battle really was won by swiftly dispatching inferior enemy infantry, let alone taking into account, how would it play out, if knights could be recalled en masse to push the rear of the Swiss. I dont think theres any clear indication of how it exactly played out, as this period lacks the scope of record keeping of something like 19th century. Good contrast would be to look at battles of Albuera and Quartre-Bras and how many sources and records can be mustered and referenced regarding cavalry actions there. There are accurate casualty figures and many eye witness accounts from an era that already took such recording with more of an naturalistic and rational approach.
Short version: Knights in big infantry blobs wouldnt be as effective as Swiss, despite better gear and bigger numbers and on horse would be the most effective in engagements involving smaller numbers and only if their first charge is also the one that wins the battle for their side, in both cases because due to the lack of training and drill at this level, their employment devolved into chaos rather quickly. But even at this time, there were exceptions arising from seasoned armies with experience, like english armies in France under The Black Prince, or for example french army under captains like du Guesclin. (some other examples from this period might be condotierri companies, like that of John Hawkwood. These provide contrast examples of well coordinated forces comprised eminently of knights that were able to effectively coordinate combined arms actions involving knightly cavalry striking in great numbers at crutial spots and regrouping to do so repeatedly roughly from the same era as the battle of Sempach. Unfortunately for them, austrian host there could rather be compared to french at Crecy for example in their overal performance, trying to brute force their way forward without any solid plan, or detailed knowledge of what theyre dealing with.)
@@dochteur1886 So in short it was greed again
They focused on the defensive enemie before them and refused to play they part in the battle in thr hope of easy loot.
When I saw the duration of Leopold’s reign as duke, that made the result fairly obvious
"Thank you, HistoryMarche, for your exceptional videos! Your latest topic is captivating, and your content quality is top-notch. Keep up the great work!"😃
More swiss content please
Morgue Garden. I bet the grass grew high and green there.
please continue the hannibal series
11:07 Aah..man of culture😄
dziękuję
I guess you could say they got "Swissed".
Can you do the Battle of Yultong?
The Swiss history is really Amazing.