Team Sky don't get enough credit. They give hope to asthmatics all over the world. Team Sky have won 5 of the last 6 Tours de France. This is the hardest sporting event in the world and this has been achieved with two asthmatic riders. Inspirational.
Yup, don't you just hate all these haters. For 7 years we really believed a cancer survivor could outperform everyone, then the bubble burst. Now for 4 years we've been believing that a rider of lowly African origins could do the same. The stuff of fairy tales most of us need to retain sanity in this world of dour cynicism. We all need something to believe in, be it Father Christmas or the toothfairy. It gives us hope that miracles may exist. So what if it turns out to be a ruse? The belief and resulting positivity resides in the mind of the believer. Don't get me wrong, cheating can never be justified, but it seems to me that the negative forces, which greatly outweigh the converse at the slightest opportunity rejoice in tearing down any hope that something is just plain good, just for the sake of saying "I told you so"...
Brad Parker I get where you are coming from but frankly, in this case Wiggins rode a huge wave on the upside including worldwide honours and a lot of money and medals. So far he has not had a big hit on the downside has he? The least people can do is express their disapproval at being duped and cheated. When we stop doing that the cheaters win and we may as well give up on truth and honour
My comment is dripping with sarcasm. And while the world may be filled with dour cynicism, that cynicism doesn't reach the depths of Bradley Wiggins and Team Sky. Sure, Sky are the best team. They have the most money so they ought to be the best team. But Wiggins has unanswered questions and there was no explanation given for the dropping of charges against Froome. If you want to find a rags to riches story then don't look to cycling. Look to Killian Mbappe for example, or Cristiano Ronaldo even. But cycling and Team Sky are toxic.
Your sarcasm was clear and my response started out the same. But my idealistic/romantism won out. I don't believe in much, but i desparately want to....
Salbutamol.is not a enhance drug I have asthma.and cycle and I don't find it any different I don't know why people have to attack people with asthma they are no different unless you have asthma you will never know ?
If salbutamol is performance enhancing they should ban it entirely, to have any sort of limits on tests is unfair to the riders, under varying conditions each individuals body will deal with additives differently, it is not a black and white process.
Brad your comments on Froome and the Salbutamol saga was balanced fair and sane. Good on you . Must say after reports of comments made by your wife concerning Froome I wasn’t sure about you but this goes a long way to improve that image.
care about what's worth caring about.....its like comparing caffeine hits with a systematic EPO doping programme.....its the worlds toughest sport.....i suffer from asthma,salbutomol keeps me riding it gives me no advantage....the trachea can get no wider than God intended
scott dove You couldn't be more wrong, we are talking high dosage Salbutamol doping, get it from your doctor take 8 times normal, that's Wadas limit because they cant affors going to trial for all cheaters in sports, you will certainly discover something...
It’s not really Bradley Wiggins show. It’s a show where he’s asked questions. Pretty much every show or podcast or radio programme in the world that has someone’s name as the lead/Star has that person leading the show not just sitting back and waiting to be asked things. Click bait use of Brad plus a nice cheque for him too.
MrLongshot26 After the disclosure of Armstrong I gave up Living Legends.... They always fail you. This was compounded with the Sky team, and their numerous erroneous actions: Wiggin's Jiffy Bag, non-asthmatic athletes admitting to the copious use of asthma drugs in the team, Froome's own high Salbutamol level which has simply been "excused", and I am sure there is more we don't know.... This is a team, and group of athletes, I find very difficult to trust... And I am a British cycling fan.
Stephen Tuthill because he had a TUE for steroids a few days before the tour he could get away with having positive drug tests throughout the first week or so of the tour, so he probably could take a couple of smaller 'top up' doses after the first TUE injection. Team skys practices are shady, but i bet many teams are worse. Sky have been so dominant, and with British GC riders everyone hates them, especially the french, so it no wonder they are constantly scrutinised more than anyone else
Froome will be forgotten quick, no flair, no stamina, looks awful on a bike with elbows out and legs going all over and boring of the bike as well.. But he is, hands down, the best grand tour rider in his era.
I think they are missing the point (and I get asthma and use inhaler sometimes), the point is this, the use of the salbutamol was concealed and covered up and it appears that even if it wasn't direct cheating it was not really in the spirit of fair competition. It was seeking to gain advantage in a mild underhand way and there is always a little cover story like 'he gets asthma' , or he's got a boil on his arse etc. I love cycling and its always been mired in controversy , in the days of Anquetil he was allowed to speak without everything back firing on him / recriminations. I believe when Fausto Coppi set his world hour record he openly said he did it 'without help!" because he wanted to see what he was capable of, and he only just beat the record previously set. There is a whole mind set out there that appears to justify and legitimise cheating, just like the bankers justify their cheating of the system. One day the penny might drop with everybody, you shouldn't need rules and laws and threats to guide your behaviour , in should be in your heart to be honest, up front and above board as possible as 1) A matter of self respect, 2) matter of honour and decency and 3) In order for society to function properly. If you have to resort to cheating to win, then you haven't really won.
Alistair, You seem to be very interested in this topic so you would be a good candidate to spend a few minutes to do this simple test (if you haven't already done so already). Please go out biking (or running or...) and take puffs from your inhaler. Please tell us what was the performance advantage you noticed.
At no point was the use of Salbutamol covered up, Chris Froome has always suffered from asthma and has been seeing using an inhaler mid ride, what you are saying is utter pish!
Alistair Milner asthma drugs do help performance. Before I starting using them for asthma I used to make top 20 In cross country running. When I started using them I was top 5
Lee Ward there was a significant amount of research on salbutamol. It was testing on non asthmatic athletes with no measurable increase in performance. Obviously, it works of you have asthma
I understand Sir Chris Boardman was one of the few elite riders who rode clean, and he heavily paid for that throughout his career: the stress of tours and endurance training meant his testosterone levels were so depleted he suffered many complications and could not recover well. Hence the few TDF's he participated in. Its almost impossible to do multiple tours and multiple tour wins without some chemical help. Not all of this will be a 'cheat', but its a tough sport so to stay competitive for many years as Armstrong, Froome and Wiggins did does indicate help, and/or a willingness to suffer health issues later on. I'm. Not saying Froome is cheating, but clearly chemical assistance is going on. Blood doping is cheating, growth hormone is cheating, EPO is cheating, is salbutamol? IDK. Apparently the test was developed with swimmers as the test subjects, test levels. As they don't get dehydrated at do elite endurance athletes sweating in the midday sun, their urine will have different profiles to cyclists. Its fair point that the test needs to be reviewed and adjusted to suit, or just ban salbutamol completely. But that's asthma-acist... Good luck Froome for the 5th.
You put it very well. I am a casual cyclist who occasionally goes over one or two 100-300m climbs on a single day and know how drained that sometimes leaves me. Here these guys who obviously are far superior athletes, are doing multiple 1000 - 2500m climbs on a single day, only to repeat it on consecutive days. It seems humanly impossible. They have to find ways to reduce the load or face complete physical shutdown. Perhaps the problem lies with race organisers who keep increasing event difficulty. While I’ve followed TdF since Lemond and Indurain’s days, I’ve only been actively following Giro and Vuelta these past 3-5 years or so and it appears more and more 15-20% + max gradient climbs are finding their way onto these routes. I think I’ve even seen one that exceeded 30%! It’s crazy. Ironically, making the stages excruciatingly difficult sells the sport and associated media rights as such stages are of greatest interest. Witnessing a human being tackling and overcoming such apparently impossible odds is a wonder to the fans. As a spectator, I’d rather watch such a stage than follow the bunch for 4hr+, only to see everyone finish with the same time. So we, the fans are part of the problem. Add to this the gross financial rewards for winning, driven again by the media, and one has a certain recipe for deception. I honestly believe that any competitive sportsman WILL always seek ways to gain an edge on the opposition. From Coppi or Merckx overdosing on Caffeine or alcohol to Pantani/Armstrong/Riis/Ulrich/Virenque/Contador/etc/etc being high on EPO, I’m sure it’s always occurred. All that has changed is the technology - better drugs, better detection. Otherwise the TdF wiki page would have many more regions denoting “Awards Stripped” than 1999-2006…
Brad Parker yes, its a little known fact that alcohol (ethanol) is the bodies preferred fuel source. Pity it leaves you dehydrated and drunk, not good on a bicycle but fine for a night on town... I wonder how much Mercx drank to/win?? 2 magnums? I expect many studies have been conducted to find optimal alcohol/caffeine intake, don't know where though. I've heard caffeine is a great boost for last half hour of race. And I remember some very fine 'races' home from student nights out fueled by C2H5OH, the athletes preferred brand. Admiration for Boardman, I suspect 99% of pros are on something, even if its testosterone (Froomes wrongly delivered mail bags etc.) I don't see testosterone as a performance enhancer, as its needed by body, and such efforts over 3 weeks would klll you long term without it, as Boardman discovered... He just decided to take the hormone therapy after his cycling events, rather than during events. blog.questnutrition.com/carbs-are-not-your-bodys-preferred-fuel-source-despite-what-you-have-been-told/
So in the entire world there is no scientific process that could statistically show that the elevated level of salbutamol in the provided sample was elevated... I’m pretty sure most hospitals could string together some blood tests to be considered acceptable testing levels of salbutamol. I feel like in the future Michael Parkinson is going to be interviewing Chris Froome a’la Oprah-Lance style...
That is exactly what they are saying. At present there is not a reliable test. The issue is how Salbutamol reacts with each individuals body under differing conditions, the levels of salbutamol left in the system can differ person to person, ride to ride.
The Froomies also also cite the fact that it is not performance enhancing if inhaled but the test does not determine if inhaled or ingested and if ingested salbutamol does have performance enhancing effects. Such nonsense...he clearly got caught enhancing his pre race training/recovery.
To extract a column from studies, this explains that they are able to determine from the make of the sample whether it was administered from inhalation or ingested...... "Salbutamol is one of the most used β2-adrenoceptor agonists by athletes for relieving bronchospasm and for prevention of exercise-induced-asthma. Inhalation is the preferred route of administration, but also the oral route is recommended, in particular for populations where inhalation presents practical problems (i.e. young children). Since salbutamol, similar to other β2-adrenoceptor agonists, produces an anabolic effect when sufficiently high doses are administered orally, its use is approved by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) only after inhaled administration. Currently, sport authorities monitor salbutamol use in and out of competition: urine concentrations greater than the Decision Limit of 1200 ng/mL (free + glucuronated salbutamol) are considered adverse analytical finding unless the non- inhaled administration could be excluded by other means. Previous studies have demonstrated that after oral administration, the majority of salbutamol is found in the urine either as the parent compound (24-33%) or as conjugated sulfate metabolite (48%).On the contrary, no significant biotransformation occurs in the lungs, thus the percentage of salbutamol metabolite depends mainly on the percentage of the dose that is swallowed and absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Salbutamol is administered as a mixture of two enantiomers: S(+)-and R(-)- salbutamol and enantioselective disposition studies have demonstrated that after oral administration the enantiomers are conjugated at a different rate by the body tissues. The active R(-) enantiomer undergoes a higher rate of sulfation, and therefore, after oral intake the non metabolized S(+) enantiomer is excreted in a greater level than the non metabolized R(-) enantiomer. For the above reasons the ratio between S(+) and R(-) of the unchanged salbutamol was proposed as marker of oral administration. Based on the above evidence, an analytical method involving a solid-phase cleanup procedure followed by a chiral HPLC separation and a mass spectrometric detection to quantify separately the enantiomers of salbutamol and it sulphate conjugates has been developed and validated according to ISO17025 and WADA requirements. The urinary results confirmed that after inhalation the enantiomeric ratio between S(+) and R(-) of the non metabolized and of the metabolized salbutamol strongly depends on the percentage of the dose that is swallowed. The sulphotransferases (SULT’s) responsible for the conjugation of salbutamol in different tissues, and for the different excretion of S(+) and R(-) enantiomers depending on the route of administration, are polymorphic and then large differences between individuals may be expected. In some specific cases, this may be the reason for reaching elevated concentrations of salbutamol after inhaled therapeutic administrations (permitted)."
ALL pro cyclists are on some sort of drug or other, it's what they DO, so at least it's a level playing field..:)....As Jacques Anquetil once said- "You can't win on water"
![Blox Fruits Dragon Rework Update [Full Stream]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/EqDAp8udhm0/mqdefault.jpg)
Case dismissed. Froome can finally, er, breathe easy.
Bernard Hinault 5 time TDF winner refused to be tested at the critérium de Callac in 1982
💉
Team Sky don't get enough credit. They give hope to asthmatics all over the world. Team Sky have won 5 of the last 6 Tours de France. This is the hardest sporting event in the world and this has been achieved with two asthmatic riders. Inspirational.
What a joke! Team Sky are crooks, period. The biggest hypocrites in the sport.
Yup, don't you just hate all these haters. For 7 years we really believed a cancer survivor could outperform everyone, then the bubble burst. Now for 4 years we've been believing that a rider of lowly African origins could do the same. The stuff of fairy tales most of us need to retain sanity in this world of dour cynicism. We all need something to believe in, be it Father Christmas or the toothfairy. It gives us hope that miracles may exist. So what if it turns out to be a ruse? The belief and resulting positivity resides in the mind of the believer. Don't get me wrong, cheating can never be justified, but it seems to me that the negative forces, which greatly outweigh the converse at the slightest opportunity rejoice in tearing down any hope that something is just plain good, just for the sake of saying "I told you so"...
Brad Parker I get where you are coming from but frankly, in this case Wiggins rode a huge wave on the upside including worldwide honours and a lot of money and medals. So far he has not had a big hit on the downside has he? The least people can do is express their disapproval at being duped and cheated. When we stop doing that the cheaters win and we may as well give up on truth and honour
My comment is dripping with sarcasm. And while the world may be filled with dour cynicism, that cynicism doesn't reach the depths of Bradley Wiggins and Team Sky. Sure, Sky are the best team. They have the most money so they ought to be the best team. But Wiggins has unanswered questions and there was no explanation given for the dropping of charges against Froome. If you want to find a rags to riches story then don't look to cycling. Look to Killian Mbappe for example, or Cristiano Ronaldo even. But cycling and Team Sky are toxic.
Your sarcasm was clear and my response started out the same. But my idealistic/romantism won out. I don't believe in much, but i desparately want to....
If salbutamol test is not black or white,... why then some riders were banned ?
Why is Miley Cyrus there?
David Guetta too, Iäm confused
Exactly my first question.
And why has she turned into a fat lezza?
Amazingly tone-deaf selection by Eurosport to pick Wiggins as a pundit and have him talk about doping. It does work as a joke though! :)
Yawn
I guess it is pretty randomly asking but do anybody know of a good website to stream newly released series online ?
@Nathan Cassius Flixportal
@Jad Theo Thank you, signed up and it seems like a nice service :) I appreciate it!
@Nathan Cassius no problem =)
The test was designed for swimmers and the guy that designed says it's not reliable for endurance sports like cycling.
Salbutamol.is not a enhance drug I have asthma.and cycle and I don't find it any different I don't know why people have to attack people with asthma they are no different unless you have asthma you will never know ?
If salbutamol is performance enhancing they should ban it entirely, to have any sort of limits on tests is unfair to the riders, under varying conditions each individuals body will deal with additives differently, it is not a black and white process.
The G Dawg Era well luckily WADA is staffed by scientists with lots of qualifications rather than numpties on RUclips with none.
All three look like they have had too many cake stops.
Read " a clean break " by Christophe Bassons , the last chapter explains the latest doping techniques
🤣🤣🤣 wiggo talks about doping 🤣🤣🤣👏👏👏👏
Paolo Bagozzi hahahah. Doper. Liar. Dog
Hahahahhaha
Paolo Bagozzi pot kettle
Brad your comments on Froome and the Salbutamol saga was balanced fair and sane. Good on you . Must say after reports of comments made by your wife concerning Froome I wasn’t sure about you but this goes a long way to improve that image.
ha! Oh man... must be lovely in your dreamworld.
Having a drug cheat talking about doping priceless
Exactly...they have both got away with it.
Salbutomol?......shut up,who cares,it aint gonna turn a donkey into a racehorse....
scott dove "who cares" the voice of 2018
care about what's worth caring about.....its like comparing caffeine hits with a systematic EPO doping programme.....its the worlds toughest sport.....i suffer from asthma,salbutomol keeps me riding it gives me no advantage....the trachea can get no wider than God intended
scott dove You couldn't be more wrong, we are talking high dosage Salbutamol doping, get it from your doctor take 8 times normal, that's Wadas limit because they cant affors going to trial for all cheaters in sports, you will certainly discover something...
Wiggins is no better.
Imagine if NFL players were tested like cyclists for the shit cyclists can’t take. Now that would be interesting.
It’s not really Bradley Wiggins show. It’s a show where he’s asked questions. Pretty much every show or podcast or radio programme in the world that has someone’s name as the lead/Star has that person leading the show not just sitting back and waiting to be asked things. Click bait use of Brad plus a nice cheque for him too.
Having those huge mics in front of your faces... bad idea.
Chris Froome is a legend of the sport
MrLongshot26 After the disclosure of Armstrong I gave up Living Legends.... They always fail you.
This was compounded with the Sky team, and their numerous erroneous actions: Wiggin's Jiffy Bag, non-asthmatic athletes admitting to the copious use of asthma drugs in the team, Froome's own high Salbutamol level which has simply been "excused", and I am sure there is more we don't know....
This is a team, and group of athletes, I find very difficult to trust... And I am a British cycling fan.
Tubsy malone It does make you wonder if Wiggins was using when he got his Maillot Jaune in 2012, and if so how can it be considered an honest victory?
Stephen Tuthill because he had a TUE for steroids a few days before the tour he could get away with having positive drug tests throughout the first week or so of the tour, so he probably could take a couple of smaller 'top up' doses after the first TUE injection. Team skys practices are shady, but i bet many teams are worse. Sky have been so dominant, and with British GC riders everyone hates them, especially the french, so it no wonder they are constantly scrutinised more than anyone else
Froome will be forgotten quick, no flair, no stamina, looks awful on a bike with elbows out and legs going all over and boring of the bike as well.. But he is, hands down, the best grand tour rider in his era.
If by 'legend' you actually mean 'boring twat', then yes, you're right. Wiggins is a 'legend'. Cavendish is a 'legend'.
Is no point in everyone arguing over the bad apple (read salbutamol), stay focused , keep cycling honest and decent.
Bradley can you say fraudulent TUE?!!!!
This is idiotic. People are wanting Froome to be guilty be force. All Wiggins wants to see is Froome to be guilty. Shameful on Wiggins part.
I think they are missing the point (and I get asthma and use inhaler sometimes), the point is this, the use of the salbutamol was concealed and covered up and it appears that even if it wasn't direct cheating it was not really in the spirit of fair competition. It was seeking to gain advantage in a mild underhand way and there is always a little cover story like 'he gets asthma' , or he's got a boil on his arse etc. I love cycling and its always been mired in controversy , in the days of Anquetil he was allowed to speak without everything back firing on him / recriminations. I believe when Fausto Coppi set his world hour record he openly said he did it 'without help!" because he wanted to see what he was capable of, and he only just beat the record previously set. There is a whole mind set out there that appears to justify and legitimise cheating, just like the bankers justify their cheating of the system. One day the penny might drop with everybody, you shouldn't need rules and laws and threats to guide your behaviour , in should be in your heart to be honest, up front and above board as possible as 1) A matter of self respect, 2) matter of honour and decency and 3) In order for society to function properly. If you have to resort to cheating to win, then you haven't really won.
Alistair, You seem to be very interested in this topic so you would be a good candidate to spend a few minutes to do this simple test (if you haven't already done so already). Please go out biking (or running or...) and take puffs from your inhaler. Please tell us what was the performance advantage you noticed.
At no point was the use of Salbutamol covered up, Chris Froome has always suffered from asthma and has been seeing using an inhaler mid ride, what you are saying is utter pish!
There is no requirement to disclose a salbutamol inhaler, salbutamol shouldn't even be on the list, it has no performance enhancing qualities.
Alistair Milner asthma drugs do help performance. Before I starting using them for asthma I used to make top 20 In cross country running. When I started using them I was top 5
Lee Ward there was a significant amount of research on salbutamol. It was testing on non asthmatic athletes with no measurable increase in performance. Obviously, it works of you have asthma
Don’t let any athlete at any level take any drugs at all. Even a junior aspirin. If you are ill or whatever, don’t compete.
World's biggest sporting event is the World Cup in Football Brad, not the TDF..
Sorry but football's not a sport, it's a game,
Plant Powered Health what I think he was meant to say was the world's biggest annual sporting event which it is.
depends how you measure it. if you take square meters used for the event the tdf crushes the world cup
The tour has the most spectators of any sport end of.
I understand Sir Chris Boardman was one of the few elite riders who rode clean, and he heavily paid for that throughout his career: the stress of tours and endurance training meant his testosterone levels were so depleted he suffered many complications and could not recover well. Hence the few TDF's he participated in.
Its almost impossible to do multiple tours and multiple tour wins without some chemical help. Not all of this will be a 'cheat', but its a tough sport so to stay competitive for many years as Armstrong, Froome and Wiggins did does indicate help, and/or a willingness to suffer health issues later on. I'm. Not saying Froome is cheating, but clearly chemical assistance is going on. Blood doping is cheating, growth hormone is cheating, EPO is cheating, is salbutamol? IDK. Apparently the test was developed with swimmers as the test subjects, test levels. As they don't get dehydrated at do elite endurance athletes sweating in the midday sun, their urine will have different profiles to cyclists. Its fair point that the test needs to be reviewed and adjusted to suit, or just ban salbutamol completely. But that's asthma-acist...
Good luck Froome for the 5th.
You put it very well. I am a casual cyclist who occasionally goes over one or two 100-300m climbs on a single day and know how drained that sometimes leaves me. Here these guys who obviously are far superior athletes, are doing multiple 1000 - 2500m climbs on a single day, only to repeat it on consecutive days. It seems humanly impossible. They have to find ways to reduce the load or face complete physical shutdown. Perhaps the problem lies with race organisers who keep increasing event difficulty. While I’ve followed TdF since Lemond and Indurain’s days, I’ve only been actively following Giro and Vuelta these past 3-5 years or so and it appears more and more 15-20% + max gradient climbs are finding their way onto these routes. I think I’ve even seen one that exceeded 30%! It’s crazy. Ironically, making the stages excruciatingly difficult sells the sport and associated media rights as such stages are of greatest interest. Witnessing a human being tackling and overcoming such apparently impossible odds is a wonder to the fans. As a spectator, I’d rather watch such a stage than follow the bunch for 4hr+, only to see everyone finish with the same time. So we, the fans are part of the problem. Add to this the gross financial rewards for winning, driven again by the media, and one has a certain recipe for deception.
I honestly believe that any competitive sportsman WILL always seek ways to gain an edge on the opposition. From Coppi or Merckx overdosing on Caffeine or alcohol to Pantani/Armstrong/Riis/Ulrich/Virenque/Contador/etc/etc being high on EPO, I’m sure it’s always occurred. All that has changed is the technology - better drugs, better detection. Otherwise the TdF wiki page would have many more regions denoting “Awards Stripped” than 1999-2006…
Brad Parker yes, its a little known fact that alcohol (ethanol) is the bodies preferred fuel source. Pity it leaves you dehydrated and drunk, not good on a bicycle but fine for a night on town... I wonder how much Mercx drank to/win?? 2 magnums?
I expect many studies have been conducted to find optimal alcohol/caffeine intake, don't know where though. I've heard caffeine is a great boost for last half hour of race. And I remember some very fine 'races' home from student nights out fueled by C2H5OH, the athletes preferred brand.
Admiration for Boardman, I suspect 99% of pros are on something, even if its testosterone (Froomes wrongly delivered mail bags etc.) I don't see testosterone as a performance enhancer, as its needed by body, and such efforts over 3 weeks would klll you long term without it, as Boardman discovered... He just decided to take the hormone therapy after his cycling events, rather than during events.
blog.questnutrition.com/carbs-are-not-your-bodys-preferred-fuel-source-despite-what-you-have-been-told/
So in the entire world there is no scientific process that could statistically show that the elevated level of salbutamol in the provided sample was elevated...
I’m pretty sure most hospitals could string together some blood tests to be considered acceptable testing levels of salbutamol.
I feel like in the future Michael Parkinson is going to be interviewing Chris Froome a’la Oprah-Lance style...
That is exactly what they are saying. At present there is not a reliable test. The issue is how Salbutamol reacts with each individuals body under differing conditions, the levels of salbutamol left in the system can differ person to person, ride to ride.
The Froomies also also cite the fact that it is not performance enhancing if inhaled but the test does not determine if inhaled or ingested and if ingested salbutamol does have performance enhancing effects. Such nonsense...he clearly got caught enhancing his pre race training/recovery.
To extract a column from studies, this explains that they are able to determine from the make of the sample whether it was administered from inhalation or ingested......
"Salbutamol is one of the most used β2-adrenoceptor agonists by athletes for
relieving bronchospasm and for prevention of exercise-induced-asthma. Inhalation
is the preferred route of administration, but also the oral route is recommended, in
particular for populations where inhalation presents practical problems (i.e. young
children). Since salbutamol, similar to other β2-adrenoceptor agonists, produces an
anabolic effect when sufficiently high doses are administered orally, its use is
approved by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) only after inhaled
administration. Currently, sport authorities monitor salbutamol use in and out of
competition: urine concentrations greater than the Decision Limit of 1200 ng/mL
(free + glucuronated salbutamol) are considered adverse analytical finding unless
the non- inhaled administration could be excluded by other means. Previous studies
have demonstrated that after oral administration, the majority of salbutamol is
found in the urine either as the parent compound (24-33%) or as conjugated
sulfate metabolite (48%).On the contrary, no significant biotransformation occurs in
the lungs, thus the percentage of salbutamol metabolite depends mainly on the
percentage of the dose that is swallowed and absorbed from the gastrointestinal
tract.
Salbutamol is administered as a mixture of two enantiomers: S(+)-and R(-)-
salbutamol and enantioselective disposition studies have demonstrated that after
oral administration the enantiomers are conjugated at a different rate by the body
tissues. The active R(-) enantiomer undergoes a higher rate of sulfation, and
therefore, after oral intake the non metabolized S(+) enantiomer is excreted in a
greater level than the non metabolized R(-) enantiomer. For the above reasons the
ratio between S(+) and R(-) of the unchanged salbutamol was proposed as marker
of oral administration.
Based on the above evidence, an analytical method involving a solid-phase cleanup
procedure followed by a chiral HPLC separation and a mass spectrometric
detection to quantify separately the enantiomers of salbutamol and it sulphate
conjugates has been developed and validated according to ISO17025 and WADA
requirements.
The urinary results confirmed that after inhalation the enantiomeric ratio between
S(+) and R(-) of the non metabolized and of the metabolized salbutamol strongly
depends on the percentage of the dose that is swallowed. The sulphotransferases
(SULT’s) responsible for the conjugation of salbutamol in different tissues, and for
the different excretion of S(+) and R(-) enantiomers depending on the route of
administration, are polymorphic and then large differences between individuals may
be expected. In some specific cases, this may be the reason for reaching elevated
concentrations of salbutamol after inhaled therapeutic administrations (permitted)."
I hope that Wiggins has cured from asthma. It's a terrible condition.
Here we go again
I still prefer wiggins back when he used to ride... Not sitting behind the mic or camera talking philosophy and doping!!hypocrisy
ALL pro cyclists are on some sort of drug or other, it's what they DO, so at least it's a level playing field..:)....As Jacques Anquetil once said- "You can't win on water"
sport does seem to love controversy...mmmn
You can see it in his eyes . He cheated
Pot calling kettle black
There's no love lost there
One cheater talking about another #fakesport
Good point except the hashtag..the pro ranks have their issues but hardly a fake sport.
The Cannibal got popped for it..
Cmom you can't be more defensive than this. What a load of apologists. No debate here.
Wiggins: a drug cheat commenting on doping? Interesting cognitive dissonance.
World's biggest sporting event?
Wiggo, the dope of them all
Testing doesn't work. End of convo
NIBALI THE BEST!!