NEET PG-Retinopathy of Prematurity-Ophthalmology

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ROP [Retinopathy of Prematurity];@0:10
Occurs in Premature Children
2nd M/C cause of loss of vision in children (1st → Vit A. deficiency)
Risk Factor:
Prematurity (less than 32 weeks)
Poor birth weight (less than1500 gms)
Excess O2 Supplementation
→ Smallest, sickest and the most premature baby
ROP -Pathogenesis :@1:37
Full term Normal Child’s retina is completely vascular
Pre term Child’s retina Vascularity not complete, extend only upto ora serrata
at birth, child is exposed to Hyperoxia
Hyperoxia causes vasoconstriction
Leads to Vaso obliteration
Peripheral retina do not develop blood vessels
Leads to hypoxia
VEGF produced
Neovascularization occurs at vascular & Avascular junction of retina
New blood vessels contract [due to fibrous tissue] & pull the retina from RPE
Loss of Vision
Pathogenesis of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP). The figure illustrates the interactions of oxygen and angiogenic factors, particularly vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the development of ROP. Vessel growth stops following birth due to relative hyperoxia in premature neonates resulting in decreased VEGF (A); this is followed by pathological hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) signaling and increasing VEGF over time from hypoxia (B) resulting in retinal new vessel formation and stage III ROP by 36 weeks gestation (C). Multiple other factors are involved in the development of retinal vasculature including Insulin growth factor (IGF-1) and other cell signaling molecules.
ROP [Retinopathy of Prematurity]:@4:15
Oxygen Saturation Targets
Full term healthy baby → 95-100 %
Pre term baby → 85-93 %
Screening Recommendations:
According to AAP (American Academy of Pediatrics) → 4-6 weeks
According to IAP (Indian Academy of Pediatrics) → 3-4 weeks
ROP -Stages :@5:13
STAGE 1:
DEMARCATION LINE
STAGE 2
DEMARCATION RIDGE
STAGE 3:@5:50
RIDGE WITH EXTRA RETINAL FIBRO VASCULAR PROLIFERATION
[The ridge grows from the spread of abnormal vessels & extends into the vessels]
STAGE 4:@6:27
SUB TOTAL RETINAL DETACHMENT
[Partial detachment of Retina]
ROP -Stages :
STAGE 5:
TOTAL RETINAL DETACHMENT

[@Karmabeliever_123]

It was great❤

[@lonejamsheed8623]

Nice session ma'am

[@medicoapps]

Thank you ☺