Surely one of the pinnacles of wisdom and science is the ability to interpret and break-down complex information into everyday terms for those without years of study to appreciate and understand with a curiosity to know more. Great video.
If you ever want to know if someone truly knows more than surface level knowledge on any subject, ask them to explain it like you're 5. If they can't, they more than likely know very little.
@@LtShifty not always true. I can’t explain certain things in a way that anybody understands, and most of the time even confuse myself, but I can do it and even show somebody how to do it.
@@LtShifty Well I have known many experts/teachers who definitely did know the material very well but they seemed to refuse to explore new or better ways of breaking it down for their audience. They were very stuck in their one way of explaining or teaching the complex information, and if I couldn't immediately catch on with all the complexity and plethora of new terms and concepts then it was somehow my deficiency in their view. A very unfortunate and backwards attitude I've always thought. Some of the experts really put in the extra effort or are naturally gifted and can explain these things to the public and it's a breathe of fresh air to a curious mind to want to dig deeper into the subject.
@@bobbyt223 I hate to be the bearer of bad news 😂 I'll agree if communication isn't your strong suit then fair enough, trying to dumb something down can be difficult. But I still believe that in most cases, the inability to simplify a complex topic is a clear sign of a fundamental misunderstanding of core concepts.
I love the little “this is what I think” in the outro. That kind of thing just feels so refreshing to my brain after trying to understand all the science of space-time.
As an old git who has had a life-long layman's interest in such subjects, it's still very enjoyable to learn more about such, even at a fundamental level that helps stitch together other things I've learned so that I get an even greater understanding/appreciation of the bigger picture.... and PBS serves up those juicy morsels with impressive regularity.
I can't help but notice that at the galactic scale, the journey of the sun is so short-lived. If the galactic year is 230 million and the sun is roughly 5 billion year old, that means the sun is only at its 22nd orbit around the center of the galaxy. Given that the sun has 5 billion more years before turning into a white a dwarf, its whole journey as shining star would last 44 galactic years... assuming the sun doesn't run into another star in the next 5 billion years. Also, great episode and thank you for your hard work.
Define short lived. How is the Sun's journey around the galaxy "short"? In distance? In time? It's neither, ultimately. You are taking HUGE journeys through massive amounts of distance and time and feeling that it is not so massive simply bc the number 22 is "small". Once you zoom back in and realize that 22 times journey is bigger than our brains can even properly imagine, it doesn't seem small. Don't forget, this is spacetime, not just space.
I find it even more impressive that the whole milkyway has only turned like 60 times or so since its existence. You wonder how it could even arrange itself within so few rotations.
since our sol is a G-type star, that time of living is a bit average. let's not forget other O/A/B stars have such a shorter time to live. some even 'die' long before our star finish a galactic year, maybe just some several millions of years. however there are other stars live longer than ours (M/K) and there are hypothetical ways to 'improve' our star lifetime by 'extracting' a bit of our star's mass so it could burn out longer than 10 billion years. but this is another topic for another 'verse' =)))))
What a fantastic teacher and researcher. I highly respect someone who corrects himself and answers key questions at the end. Thank you for this great content!
Love the debunking, without any unnecessary negative energies (semi amateur pun intended). Truly amazing channel, 100% outstanding stuff, 100% of the time. God bless
that last little bit, on what you actually think other life could be made out of and the "out there" being multiple universes away was kind of mind blowing. thank you for sharing your mind with us all, it is so wonderful to just think about things
@DevilSingh You would understand his comment if you knew what a scholastic book fair is. If you know what it is, then all I have to say is "Whoooosh".
@@MJScoutArchMar I know brother. I'm in 12th currently. I've attended many scholastic fairs and even bought books. My school arranges these fairs once every year. If you know "Geronimo Stilton" is a story line I love.
@@MJScoutArchMar don't take my comment seriously. I just wanted to say I also feel same joy for space stuff as the one who commented that that's is. 👍🙃
This is an absolutely beautiful video. Thank you so much for explaining this so elegantly and yet, with just the appropriate amount of detail. The visualizations of the concepts are perfect, the graphics are well composed and clear. The video somehow not only presents amazing mathematical and scientific information about our path through the universe, but also simultaneously captures the incalculable marvel and delicate balance of cosmological motion. One of my favorites I've ever seen on this channel. Outstanding.
@@830jps I agree. and when we use computers to simulate reality, how do we build the environment? Do we start with building the simulation on a spinning ball orbiting other celestial bodies? I don’t think we do. If we are in a simulation inside a computer, it’s probably designed the same way we use computers to simulate reality.
I have been enquiring how the Sun moves through the galaxy for a few years & couldn’t find much information about this. Delighted to have this so brilliantly explained. Your Knowledge is astounding and so inspiring. Thank-you for blowing my mind whilst providing such understandable teachings. ✨
Often I see a PBSST-title and think "meh, I'll watch it, but I probably already know this" and everytime it'll teach me a whole lot more than I anticipated. I _really_ should know better by now 😄
I too was thinking about this a couple days ago. Thank you very much. That definitely helps me keep a mental image of our path through our universe. Now if I can just figure out if North is truly the top of our planet or if it's something that northern hemisphere folk came up with. Are we actually spinning in the different perspective? Do all stars spin in the same direction? Our Galaxy has a horizontal plane; do all star systems rotate accordingly to that? Does the universe have a horizontal plane. And of course no one expects you to memorize all the chemical formulas. Someone on your team should be responsible for fact checking that though. This is a science show. Should get the science correct. It's a little embarrassing and discrediting when you don't. Stop pouting, cheer up. Mistakes happen. No worries, we all still eagerly await the next knowledge you share with us. Just be amazed that some viewers are knowledgeable enough to notice things like that. I have a better grasp of the philosophical meaning to all past events and the meaning of life vs technical stuff like that. Lol
As always, a topic that I’d previously given very limited thought to is filled with complexity, beauty, and for those asking the right questions, implications for the testing of much deeper questions and ideas of physics. Many thanks for this great content! 👍👍
I was literally trying to envision the path through the universe the other day and I just couldn't get past what it might look like based on just our galaxy, let alone everything else around us
I was trying to envision it as well but my chauvinistic, toxic male brain was not up to the task. I had to ask my mommy to explain it better. She tried her hardest, but I guess men aren't capable of understanding these advanced concepts.
So how about I make this even more hard to imagine? :D Try to imagine the path of an immortal ant walking around a ball being swung forever on a string around the head of an immortal person walking forever around the moon as the moon revolves around the earth AS WELL AS spins around its own axis all while the Earth revolves around the sun and the sun revolves around the centre of the galaxy and up and down its galactic plane, all as seen by an alien ant from Andromeda revolving and rotating similarly to our ant here in the Milky Way using an incredibly powerful telescope taking an extremely long duration exposure so as to trace the path.
In the past I've tried thinking about the path of our solar system through the Milky Way, but immediately got mentally stuck on relativistic effects. For example, the very approximately circular path the solar system takes has a diameter of about 55,400 light years, so a hypothetical corresponding "sibling" planetary system on the other side of the galaxy would actually be 55,400 years further along its path than where we would "see" it today. Since gravity waves propagate at c, the gravitational effect of this sibling planetary system would also interact with us from the same place where we apparently "see" it, causing gravitational distortions that closer objects would feel differently. What I wasn't realizing until today was just how long our galactic year (230 million years) is compared to the size of the Milky way and the sun's path through it. The time it takes for gravity to propagate in my example is a mere 0.024% of the galactic year, so (unless I'm missing something) we can essentially ignore relativistic distortions caused by the size of our galaxy as too minor to worry about, when it comes to thinking about the gravitational effects of galactic objects on each other.
Hey Matt, you and the team have inspired me for years and I *finally* went ahead and got Brilliant with your code. I'm really enjoying the lessons and I feel like I'm that one step closer to a deeper understanding of what has always excited me more than anything else: space, physics, and awesome ideas. It's been really nourishing, just like your videos, so I wanted to give you a heartfelt THANK YOU ❤️ You guys are the best are your job. That isn't even conjecture.
Gibberish PAL, here time to wake up. Regarding Spheres in Space 🌍and Comets: The on screen CGI showing spherical ball🌝🌍⚽objects floating in "Space" is pure nonsense. Our Sun and Moon are local ionizing gas plasma luminaries, travelling within the Tropics. Earth is a fixed level Plane of existence made of fossilized, mineralized biology of mainly ancient Titanic Dragons🐉 some thousands of miles long, turned to stone (Limestone, and Granite) 🗻mountains. The term is nucleophilic substitution, flesh to stone. The 38 Transition Metals we use today literally came from these titans veins, and arteries. The mega titanic fish 🐟🐠🐡give us most of the (SiO2) Silicon Dioxide, and (Si) Silica Dessert sands, exactly like the Sahara titan fish desert ! You still here ? 💫 lol. Space "rocks" ie. Asteroids, Meteors (meat🥩) and of course Comets, are the tough fossil remains of these titans (mostly dragons🐉🐲). The Void of space and level Earth was called the "Raqia" in ancient Hebrew (Latin-Firmament), and "the Expanse" is so massive we get Hyperbolic, and Interstellar (now) Comets. Due to Magnetic Force, when these massive transition metal (conductive) laden space fossils get near Earth's dipole, the Anode is discharging electrons into the "Comet" nucleus and taking protons from it. The Comet is now a hot cathode from a cold state (far away) and Sublimation-Phase Transition (from solid to a gaseous state) is causing it to discharge Carbonaceous Dust and microbes etc. by the hundreds of Tons an hour (example) as a Type2 Comet science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2013/19apr_isonids above Earth. The 3600 yrs. ago Thera Eruption marked last cycle of energetic Comets, and it was called the "Shar" in ancient Sumerian, the "Completion of the Circuit". The electrical Shar is likely an intentionally induced 👽Cosmic Cycle, which adds raw material (Proton Density, Radial Velocity etc.) to the outer magnetic field of the Toroidal Vortex EMF above the level Earth. The "Solar Wind" is the measured strength of the EMF Torus (AKA magneto/heliopause) without it the harmful ionizing UVC radiation from the Void would make life on Earth impossible. The last Passover 3600 years ago (Minoan erupt
This is an incredibly good video. Thank you Matt (and team!!) for putting in all that effort to bring this to us. I wish we had you guys around when I was in school.
I enjoy these videos so much. The combination of raw knowledge, humor, and great graphics never fails to entertain as much as educate. Thanks for another awesome experience. =)
This is one of the very few channels related to science that are actually worth watching for, most of them are just pure rubbish. Very good content, keep up the good work! The quality is far above anything available elsewhere, explanations and animations are both very well made, random guesses are not stated as facts - which is rare. This can truly call scientific.
The least understandable aspect of the universe is that we can begin to understand the universe Not my statement, but I also don't recall the person who first stated it close to that
I assume many lay people don't understand why we know so little about it in total that being everything past local group. But I agree from my frame of reference.
@@deusexaethera Math is probably the most abstract thing humans can conceive of, so it's not surprising we'd take it to be a cogent candidate for the composition of the universe. The same can be said of the concept of 'information'. Unfortunately, ontology lies outside of epistemology, and so is reduced to an unfalsifiable personal metaphysics.
You think you "understand this much about" your 'wild path through the universe'? Everything in the Universe is moving relative to each other; so there is really no so-called "path through the Universe". lol It is more of a "path through" your overworked imagination. lol
At 8:08, I suddenly had flashbacks to being a kid in the 80s and using Spirographs as a form of entertainment. (Ask your grandparents kids) And the 80s synth pop was helping!
One of your absolute best videos. A simple hypothesis is simply explained but with a mind-boggling conclusion. Well done guys, I'm looking forward to your next epic mini movie.
25 minutes ago I was trying to draw a still image of how the earth moves around the sun. As an artist (or wannabe professional artist at least) I thought maybe I should really research this first to make sure I'm depicting the theories correctly enough. Fast forward to now when I'm realizing just how little I know about any of this, and it's even more beautiful than I thought. Anyway brb gonna keep going down this rabbit hole. THANK YOU.
Bravo! This video not only clarifies misconceptions about Earth's motion but also sheds light on the broader context of galactic dynamics. The explanation of the Local Standard of Rest and its implications for studying dark matter was especially illuminating. It's incredible to contemplate the intricate interplay of forces shaping our cosmic journey. Excellent work!
I can learn from this man because he does not have a shrill voice with eccentric personality while also being condescending. He does a great job. An excellent teacher. I greatly appreciate the absence of infantilization of the material and the viewers.
Indeed, I'd like to know some of these names, too. Generally speaking, I don't really notice whether a voice is annoying or not. The only one that comes to mind is the narrator of Astrum. Can't recall his name off the top of my head.
Gibberish PAL, here time to wake up. Regarding Spheres in Space 🌍and Comets: The on screen CGI showing spherical ball🌝🌍⚽objects floating in "Space" is pure nonsense. Our Sun and Moon are local ionizing gas plasma luminaries, travelling within the Tropics. Earth is a fixed level Plane of existence made of fossilized, mineralized biology of mainly ancient Titanic Dragons🐉 some thousands of miles long, turned to stone (Limestone, and Granite) 🗻mountains. The term is nucleophilic substitution, flesh to stone. The 38 Transition Metals we use today literally came from these titans veins, and arteries. The mega titanic fish 🐟🐠🐡give us most of the (SiO2) Silicon Dioxide, and (Si) Silica Dessert sands, exactly like the Sahara titan fish desert ! You still here ? 💫 lol. Space "rocks" ie. Asteroids, Meteors (meat🥩) and of course Comets, are the tough fossil remains of these titans (mostly dragons🐉🐲). The Void of space and level Earth was called the "Raqia" in ancient Hebrew (Latin-Firmament), and "the Expanse" is so massive we get Hyperbolic, and Interstellar (now) Comets. Due to Magnetic Force, when these massive transition metal (conductive) laden space fossils get near Earth's dipole, the Anode is discharging electrons into the "Comet" nucleus and taking protons from it. The Comet is now a hot cathode from a cold state (far away) and Sublimation-Phase Transition (from solid to a gaseous state) is causing it to discharge Carbonaceous Dust and microbes etc. by the hundreds of Tons an hour (example) as a Type2 Comet science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2013/19apr_isonids above Earth. The 3600 yrs. ago Thera Eruption marked last cycle of energetic Comets, and it was called the "Shar" in ancient Sumerian, the "Completion of the Circuit". The electrical Shar is likely an intentionally induced 👽Cosmic Cycle, which adds raw material (Proton Density, Radial Velocity etc.) to the outer magnetic field of the Toroidal Vortex EMF above the level Earth. The "Solar Wind" is the measured strength of the EMF Torus (AKA magneto/heliopause) without it the harmful ionizing UVC radiation from the Void would make life on Earth impossible. The last Passover 3600 years ago (Minoan erupt
These frames of reference remind me of the map projections regarding depictions of the Earth itself, that none can depict all of the information except for a globe but then you can't see the whole map at the same time. There's no single best frame of reference for all cases, as you said, in a way analogous to the map projections.
Mind blowing just mind blowing. How fortunate we are for this wonderful internet , awesome RUclips that brings us amazing people like Matt to tell us the wonders of the Universe!
Gibberish PAL, here time to wake up. Regarding Spheres in Space 🌍and Comets: The on screen CGI showing spherical ball🌝🌍⚽objects floating in "Space" is pure nonsense. Our Sun and Moon are local ionizing gas plasma luminaries, travelling within the Tropics. Earth is a fixed level Plane of existence made of fossilized, mineralized biology of mainly ancient Titanic Dragons🐉 some thousands of miles long, turned to stone (Limestone, and Granite) 🗻mountains. The term is nucleophilic substitution, flesh to stone. The 38 Transition Metals we use today literally came from these titans veins, and arteries. The mega titanic fish 🐟🐠🐡give us most of the (SiO2) Silicon Dioxide, and (Si) Silica Dessert sands, exactly like the Sahara titan fish desert ! You still here ? 💫 lol. Space "rocks" ie. Asteroids, Meteors (meat🥩) and of course Comets, are the tough fossil remains of these titans (mostly dragons🐉🐲). The Void of space and level Earth was called the "Raqia" in ancient Hebrew (Latin-Firmament), and "the Expanse" is so massive we get Hyperbolic, and Interstellar (now) Comets. Due to Magnetic Force, when these massive transition metal (conductive) laden space fossils get near Earth's dipole, the Anode is discharging electrons into the "Comet" nucleus and taking protons from it. The Comet is now a hot cathode from a cold state (far away) and Sublimation-Phase Transition (from solid to a gaseous state) is causing it to discharge Carbonaceous Dust and microbes etc. by the hundreds of Tons an hour (example) as a Type2 Comet science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2013/19apr_isonids above Earth. The 3600 yrs. ago Thera Eruption marked last cycle of energetic Comets, and it was called the "Shar" in ancient Sumerian, the "Completion of the Circuit". The electrical Shar is likely an intentionally induced 👽Cosmic Cycle, which adds raw material (Proton Density, Radial Velocity etc.) to the outer magnetic field of the Toroidal Vortex EMF above the level Earth. The "Solar Wind" is the measured strength of the EMF Torus (AKA magneto/heliopause) without it the harmful ionizing UVC radiation from the Void would make life on Earth impossible. The last Passover 3600 years ago (Minoan erupt
Thank you,Mathew O'Dowd and the great staff of Space Time for making such wonderful programs. I would be nowhere without your influence on me. I am truly grateful for the hard work that you do.🙋♂️
@@rainbowbutterflyfan you'd be better off learning asstrology rather than wasting your life on asstronomy which is not even a science. Its tragic watching people self-immolate on the SCIENTISM sacrificial altar.
Thanks, a really great illustration of how complex things get when one takes all factors into account. All depends on how far outside the solar system you want to go I guess!
Finally, a well produced video which tells the whole story of astronomical movements and the differing frames of reference that can be chosen, and why they are all equally valid. Vsauce started the madness six years ago and never corrected his error. This sets it straight.
Just phenomenal. Even when I am bored with everything else on yt I know I have pbs spacetime which I can binge watch. I rewatch a lot of good videos such as this to enjoy the experience. Would definitely support you in the near future.
I enjoyed watching this episode. It follows on the heels of a long discussion I had with my friend about the subject of proper motion and frames of reference. Seems I’ll be dining on crow after I show him this episode. Thanks for the illuminating show.
Amazing video, but quick question: Why at 4’30” in the video are the years of Jupiter and Saturn said to be 5 and 12 Earth years? It would be 12 and 30 (11.9 and 29.5) when looking at our solar system in the standard way. Is this just an error, or is there something else I am missing, like how often there is a conjunction or something like that?
Depending on your frame of reference, we have never been in the same place for our entire lives. Even sitting here, relatively still, my body is moving at thousands of times the speed of sound.
@@ExxInferis Yep. That's why time-only travel is at least impractical, you would always end up in the vacuum of space. Space-time travel would be a solution, if only we could figure out a way to determine the absolute starting and ending position of the trip. A small error, very small, infinitesimal compared to the distance traveled by Earth, let's say 100m, would shoot you in the air or deep underground. So, in my humble opinion, this consideration alone makes time travel impossible.
@@maxsignori316 Reminds me of Han Solo telling Luke Skywalker why calculations are needed to fly through hyperspace. "Without precise calculations you could fly right through a star, or bounce too close to a supernova, and that would end your trip real quick."
Wow that was an absolute brain stewer by the time I got to know how an individual body is moving through space. But absolutely mindblowing visuals coupled with a simple narration just helps me once again feel v.v.v.v.v.v.v.v smaalll. Thanks!
04:24 Did Matt just say that the "orbital periods of Jupiter and Saturn were 5 and 12 earth years, respectively???" He must've meant 12 and 29 years and we just misheard him ;) Also, why is the solar system in this video sometimes depicted from above the north pole (planets circling counter-clockwise) and other times from below the south pole (clockwise planetary orbits). Is that to prove that he's not a polar chauvinist? I'm sure being from Australia has something to do with this..
I love memorizing chemical structures. So much easier than words or numbers or equations to me. They all have different personalities like cartoon characters and tell a story as one's eyes drift around them.
"What goes up must come down Spinning Wheel got to go around Talking about your troubles it's a crying sin Ride a painted pony let the Spinning Wheel spin."-Blood Sweat and Tears
Follow-up questions: In which direction does our CMB-relative velocity point? How much of that velocity is due to The Great Attractor and/or the Shapely cluster (what TGA is moving towards)? If we account for the motions due to Andromeda, TGA, and Shapley, do these add up to the CMB-relative velocity? If not... what accounts for the rest of it?
And what direction is the CMB-relative velocity regarding Earth's orbit around Sun and what direction regarding Sun's orbit around the galactic centre?
Gibberish PAL, here time to wake up. Regarding Spheres in Space 🌍and Comets: The on screen CGI showing spherical ball🌝🌍⚽objects floating in "Space" is pure nonsense. Our Sun and Moon are local ionizing gas plasma luminaries, travelling within the Tropics. Earth is a fixed level Plane of existence made of fossilized, mineralized biology of mainly ancient Titanic Dragons🐉 some thousands of miles long, turned to stone (Limestone, and Granite) 🗻mountains. The term is nucleophilic substitution, flesh to stone. The 38 Transition Metals we use today literally came from these titans veins, and arteries. The mega titanic fish 🐟🐠🐡give us most of the (SiO2) Silicon Dioxide, and (Si) Silica Dessert sands, exactly like the Sahara titan fish desert ! You still here ? 💫 lol. Space "rocks" ie. Asteroids, Meteors (meat🥩) and of course Comets, are the tough fossil remains of these titans (mostly dragons🐉🐲). The Void of space and level Earth was called the "Raqia" in ancient Hebrew (Latin-Firmament), and "the Expanse" is so massive we get Hyperbolic, and Interstellar (now) Comets. Due to Magnetic Force, when these massive transition metal (conductive) laden space fossils get near Earth's dipole, the Anode is discharging electrons into the "Comet" nucleus and taking protons from it. The Comet is now a hot cathode from a cold state (far away) and Sublimation-Phase Transition (from solid to a gaseous state) is causing it to discharge Carbonaceous Dust and microbes etc. by the hundreds of Tons an hour (example) as a Type2 Comet science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2013/19apr_isonids above Earth. The 3600 yrs. ago Thera Eruption marked last cycle of energetic Comets, and it was called the "Shar" in ancient Sumerian, the "Completion of the Circuit". The electrical Shar is likely an intentionally induced 👽Cosmic Cycle, which adds raw material (Proton Density, Radial Velocity etc.) to the outer magnetic field of the Toroidal Vortex EMF above the level Earth. The "Solar Wind" is the measured strength of the EMF Torus (AKA magneto/heliopause) without it the harmful ionizing UVC radiation from the Void would make life on Earth impossible. The last Passover 3600 years ago (Minoan erupt
At 12:05, I think the graphic is a bit misleading. The core of the Milky Way galaxy is visible between the months of March and September. In the graphic, between the months of March and September, it shows that the sun would be between the Earth and the core of the Milky Way, rendering the core inaccessible to human eyes. Could you clarify this? Or tell me that I am going crazy?
I think this is correct. The outer arm is visible in the winter months. Either March and September should be switched, or the orientation of the graphic should be inverted.
Monty Python explained all of this back in 1983: "We're thirty thousand light years from galactic central point We go 'round every two hundred million years And our galaxy is only one of millions of billions In this amazing and expanding universe"
I've always wondered what affects the furthest stars on the end of the galactic plane have on the particles that are super far away from those stars, which are still on the tail end of the galaxy. Awesome video
Great video, really happy to see that at the end you also looked at the Galaxy traveling through the Universe itself. I was starting to worry that wouldn't be covered.
I’d like to think I’m getting smarter but the truth is I think PBS Spacetime is just getting better and better at explaining things to those of us who don’t have PhDs in astrophysics. Thank you!
Regarding frames of reference: if you want to travel in time, you have to know where the earth is going to be when you reach your destination. You also need to know which direction it’s moving. So far we have motion on the solar system, motion through the galaxy, and our galaxy’s motion, plus, I believe, a local galactic cluster motion. Still, to be safe, if I were traveling backwards in time, I would do it in a spaceship in case I didn’t end up where I expected.
For a science pleb like me, the corkscrew visualisation was revolutionary for me. I’d only ever seen the planets moving round the sun. I hadn’t realised we were moving through the galaxy too and that was amazing!! I’m not doing any problem solving on movement so I don’t need to worry about reference point. I enjoyed learning about the extra detail you offered of how exactly and why we move in the way we do within our galaxy. ❤
@@MariaPerez-hl4jscould say if there is a god that it could explain the infinite dimensions in mathematics and physics that we can't see but function and can't be disproven?
One thing I've always been curious about is how our star Sol relates to other bright stars in the night sky. I've seen maps of our local group, and local bubble, but then there's a jump to the full galaxy, showing the spiral arms and the sun's position, but usually not much more than that. How would a map of the intermediate scale appear? Where in the galaxy would we find other starts like Sirius, Rigel, or Betelgeuse? I saw a simple infographic of the constellation of Orion showing that the stars involved are actually not all that close to each other but it didn't show in what direction From the sun this was. Do maps like this exist? Using the reference frame of galactic north and south?
While a lot of stars and planets in the game are procedurally generated, Elite Dangerous really gives you a sense of scale, and the map does have stars in their appropriate locations within the galaxy, as far as we know. Players even claim 'space madness' when they're away from civilisation for too long, causing them to do things like fly into a black hole to see what happens. Another... Less a game and more of a simulator is Space Engine, but I've only used it once or twice so I can't speak to exactly how it works. I think you can do interesting stuff like create gravity wells and make galaxies collide though. Not sure. It's supposed to be entirely to scale though, and obviously doesn't only include the milky way. I imagine it could map stars like Betelgeuse for you. In Elite Dangerous though, you can actually fly to it. Really gives you a sense of galactic scale jumping instantly from star to star for months at a time to get from one side of the galaxy to another. Even with instant travel over 100LY, travel takes a LONG time.
A program called Starry Night has a catalog of stars & stuff, and lets you see what the sky would look like from various places on Earth at different times, as well as corresponding starscapes from other objects. As I recall it did let you freely look around the universe, so that program could give you a sense of the stellar neighborhood. Stellarium looks like a free cousin of Starry Night, but I haven't fired it up yet.
Well done, Matt! Harkening back to the diagram on your black t-shirt of the motion of the Solar System relative to the galactic plane (which I have in my collection of pictures), my initial interpretation before this video was that the Sun's orbit of the galaxy was a simple inclined plane relative to the galactic plane with a period of 230 million years. Suffice to say you blew my mind to learn these oscillations actually have a period of just ~60 million years. Moreover, it strikes me that this movement pattern is very much reminiscent of how the JWST orbits the Earth's L2 Lagrange point where, in this case, perhaps the Solar System orbits a galactic Lagrange point 4 times in a galactic year. And the possibility that these relatively rapid oscillations may be tied to mass extinctions in the past history of the Earth is thought provoking, to say the least!
How long are Jupiter and Saturn's years? I thought they were 12 and 29 years. (is this about the cycle of the barycenter?) Also, nice Australian touch showing the "south is up" view earth orbiting clockwise around the sun!
Great presentation! In regards to the chemistry with Silicon, I thought I'd add that we assume Oxygen and water - but if we use other hydrides, such as Ammonia, or NH3-H2O eutectic, or some other "semi-universal" solvent that is potentially reducing, (CS2 even?) and you might have a new chemistry for life. We still have a lot of chemical learning to do as a species. Look at the Olivine reactions generating CH4... our planet and conditions only allow a fraction of the possibilities in the universe. Look at the synthesis of small organics in gas clouds and dark nebulae? So, who knows. Might even be a hybrid of C and Si, or similar elements for life out there! And nano-particulate reactions could substitute for some standard enzymatic systems, potentially as well. Either way, I think we need to broaden our perspective, tempered with possible chemistries to truly find life out there. But carbon-based systems is the best place to start to be sure. Life seemingly finds a way. Darren H
The 5 and 12 are actually about the distances from the sun expressed in AU, but not quite -- Saturn is more like 9.5 AU He kind of has a brain fart there. But he was pretty good
@@millicentsmallpenny5837he mentions timescale and precession of the barycenter. I don’t think he meant distance to the sun. I think he merely mistook his facts and also seems to appreciate when his viewers catch his slip ups 🤭
I can't believe how well done these videos are, and they are free. I'm so grateful.
I have seen an advertisiment for "QuitSure" app before this video started.
Free thanks to the support of generous donors.
I'm even more amazed by how they managed to avoid pitching Nebula subscriptions. Apparently, that can be done. The mind, 't boggles.
@@deusexaethera like the American Taxpayer... But hey, if they built roads as well as they do educational content, I might quit the Libertarian Party.
@@KCNusach : PBS gets about $25M a year from taxpayers -- a little less than a single F-15 fighter jet, not including maintenance.
Surely one of the pinnacles of wisdom and science is the ability to interpret and break-down complex information into everyday terms for those without years of study to appreciate and understand with a curiosity to know more. Great video.
Well put
If you ever want to know if someone truly knows more than surface level knowledge on any subject, ask them to explain it like you're 5. If they can't, they more than likely know very little.
@@LtShifty not always true. I can’t explain certain things in a way that anybody understands, and most of the time even confuse myself, but I can do it and even show somebody how to do it.
@@LtShifty Well I have known many experts/teachers who definitely did know the material very well but they seemed to refuse to explore new or better ways of breaking it down for their audience. They were very stuck in their one way of explaining or teaching the complex information, and if I couldn't immediately catch on with all the complexity and plethora of new terms and concepts then it was somehow my deficiency in their view. A very unfortunate and backwards attitude I've always thought. Some of the experts really put in the extra effort or are naturally gifted and can explain these things to the public and it's a breathe of fresh air to a curious mind to want to dig deeper into the subject.
@@bobbyt223 I hate to be the bearer of bad news 😂
I'll agree if communication isn't your strong suit then fair enough, trying to dumb something down can be difficult. But I still believe that in most cases, the inability to simplify a complex topic is a clear sign of a fundamental misunderstanding of core concepts.
Currently working through all the previous videos, Matt and the PBS team have made an invaluable resource
welcome aboard bud, i think my IQ has gone up 20 points the last 3 years lol
slow to the party are yea?
@@dan7291able Well, not sure about my IQ, but my depth of knowledge has expanded like the primordial universe.
@@dan7291able That’s not how iq works.
@@starling1226 lol it's a joke bud relax, you're on the wrong channel if you're "that" type of person
I love the little “this is what I think” in the outro. That kind of thing just feels so refreshing to my brain after trying to understand all the science of space-time.
It's also nice like it's just his opinion and not part of the script
As an old git who has had a life-long layman's interest in such subjects, it's still very enjoyable to learn more about such, even at a fundamental level that helps stitch together other things I've learned so that I get an even greater understanding/appreciation of the bigger picture.... and PBS serves up those juicy morsels with impressive regularity.
I can't help but notice that at the galactic scale, the journey of the sun is so short-lived.
If the galactic year is 230 million and the sun is roughly 5 billion year old, that means the sun is only at its 22nd orbit around the center of the galaxy.
Given that the sun has 5 billion more years before turning into a white a dwarf, its whole journey as shining star would last 44 galactic years... assuming the sun doesn't run into another star in the next 5 billion years.
Also, great episode and thank you for your hard work.
Just barely old enough to drink. Cheers, Sol!
Define short lived. How is the Sun's journey around the galaxy "short"? In distance? In time? It's neither, ultimately.
You are taking HUGE journeys through massive amounts of distance and time and feeling that it is not so massive simply bc the number 22 is "small". Once you zoom back in and realize that 22 times journey is bigger than our brains can even properly imagine, it doesn't seem small.
Don't forget, this is spacetime, not just space.
I find it even more impressive that the whole milkyway has only turned like 60 times or so since its existence. You wonder how it could even arrange itself within so few rotations.
since our sol is a G-type star, that time of living is a bit average. let's not forget other O/A/B stars have such a shorter time to live. some even 'die' long before our star finish a galactic year, maybe just some several millions of years. however there are other stars live longer than ours (M/K)
and there are hypothetical ways to 'improve' our star lifetime by 'extracting' a bit of our star's mass so it could burn out longer than 10 billion years. but this is another topic for another 'verse' =)))))
@@cowlinator How US-centric, the sun's been drinking for 6 (galactic) years in (galactic) Germany.
What a fantastic teacher and researcher. I highly respect someone who corrects himself and answers key questions at the end. Thank you for this great content!
learned more than I thought I was going to
@@Elias_Halloran no you didnt
Every one who can go on google is a researcher. He he is Scientist who is also a researcher.
@@addy405 Anyone who can go into a library can be a researcher
Bahahaha. Fantastic at teaching a lie. Great
Love the debunking, without any unnecessary negative energies (semi amateur pun intended). Truly amazing channel, 100% outstanding stuff, 100% of the time. God bless
that last little bit, on what you actually think other life could be made out of and the "out there" being multiple universes away was kind of mind blowing. thank you for sharing your mind with us all, it is so wonderful to just think about things
Finally, an answer to satisfy the "but what if we just don't know about it" responses
Words cannot describe the excitement of seeing a new space time video being posted... its like the scholastic book fair for adults
For adults? I'm 17 it's same for me too
@DevilSingh You would understand his comment if you knew what a scholastic book fair is. If you know what it is, then all I have to say is "Whoooosh".
@@MJScoutArchMar I know brother. I'm in 12th currently. I've attended many scholastic fairs and even bought books. My school arranges these fairs once every year. If you know "Geronimo Stilton" is a story line I love.
@@MJScoutArchMar don't take my comment seriously. I just wanted to say I also feel same joy for space stuff as the one who commented that that's is. 👍🙃
It is hard for me to believe people still believe the lie about space. Open your mind and see the truth and stop believing the lies NASA IS PUSHING.
This is an absolutely beautiful video. Thank you so much for explaining this so elegantly and yet, with just the appropriate amount of detail. The visualizations of the concepts are perfect, the graphics are well composed and clear.
The video somehow not only presents amazing mathematical and scientific information about our path through the universe, but also simultaneously captures the incalculable marvel and delicate balance of cosmological motion.
One of my favorites I've ever seen on this channel. Outstanding.
yeah! what they said!
It's so complex, that the only answer will probably, most likely to be, that we are in fact. Inside a. Simulation.
@@830jps I agree.
and when we use computers to simulate reality, how do we build the environment?
Do we start with building the simulation on a spinning ball orbiting other celestial bodies?
I don’t think we do. If we are in a simulation inside a computer, it’s probably designed the same way we use computers to simulate reality.
How can a Time Lapse photo of the North Star possibly help your argument?
I have been enquiring how the Sun moves through the galaxy for a few years & couldn’t find much information about this. Delighted to have this so brilliantly explained. Your Knowledge is astounding and so inspiring. Thank-you for blowing my mind whilst providing such understandable teachings. ✨
Stellar episode, as always!
Often I see a PBSST-title and think "meh, I'll watch it, but I probably already know this" and everytime it'll teach me a whole lot more than I anticipated. I _really_ should know better by now 😄
I too was thinking about this a couple days ago. Thank you very much. That definitely helps me keep a mental image of our path through our universe. Now if I can just figure out if North is truly the top of our planet or if it's something that northern hemisphere folk came up with. Are we actually spinning in the different perspective? Do all stars spin in the same direction? Our Galaxy has a horizontal plane; do all star systems rotate accordingly to that? Does the universe have a horizontal plane.
And of course no one expects you to memorize all the chemical formulas. Someone on your team should be responsible for fact checking that though. This is a science show. Should get the science correct. It's a little embarrassing and discrediting when you don't. Stop pouting, cheer up. Mistakes happen. No worries, we all still eagerly await the next knowledge you share with us. Just be amazed that some viewers are knowledgeable enough to notice things like that. I have a better grasp of the philosophical meaning to all past events and the meaning of life vs technical stuff like that. Lol
Galactic episode?
True, there is universal agreement that this episode is stellar.
I see what you did there...
Thanks Matt and all PBS team to visualize this for us. Very good explained!
This is my favorite channel on RUclips. Nowhere else can I find such complex information presented in such an elegant and understandable manner.
Have you tried Anton Petrov? IMHO him and PBS are THE top science and cosmology channels on RUclips without question.
Kurzgesagt
@@desel8737 Ooh, yes! Absolutely! Can't believe I forgot them.
@@desel8737 their political videos are horrendous though.
You need to closely vet that channel
@@GalacticNovaOverlord I don't see what you mean. I just looked at the channel out of curiosity. Please give 2 or 3 examples.
I'm still watching and love how he can make complex scientific information easier for a layman to understand. Thank you
that would be an ecumenical matter
@@martinlaird9712 of course
As always, a topic that I’d previously given very limited thought to is filled with complexity, beauty, and for those asking the right questions, implications for the testing of much deeper questions and ideas of physics. Many thanks for this great content! 👍👍
I was literally trying to envision the path through the universe the other day and I just couldn't get past what it might look like based on just our galaxy, let alone everything else around us
I was trying to envision it as well but my chauvinistic, toxic male brain was not up to the task. I had to ask my mommy to explain it better. She tried her hardest, but I guess men aren't capable of understanding these advanced concepts.
@@mrquicky dude... go touch grass...
@@mrquicky ?
So how about I make this even more hard to imagine? :D Try to imagine the path of an immortal ant walking around a ball being swung forever on a string around the head of an immortal person walking forever around the moon as the moon revolves around the earth AS WELL AS spins around its own axis all while the Earth revolves around the sun and the sun revolves around the centre of the galaxy and up and down its galactic plane, all as seen by an alien ant from Andromeda revolving and rotating similarly to our ant here in the Milky Way using an incredibly powerful telescope taking an extremely long duration exposure so as to trace the path.
In the past I've tried thinking about the path of our solar system through the Milky Way, but immediately got mentally stuck on relativistic effects. For example, the very approximately circular path the solar system takes has a diameter of about 55,400 light years, so a hypothetical corresponding "sibling" planetary system on the other side of the galaxy would actually be 55,400 years further along its path than where we would "see" it today. Since gravity waves propagate at c, the gravitational effect of this sibling planetary system would also interact with us from the same place where we apparently "see" it, causing gravitational distortions that closer objects would feel differently. What I wasn't realizing until today was just how long our galactic year (230 million years) is compared to the size of the Milky way and the sun's path through it. The time it takes for gravity to propagate in my example is a mere 0.024% of the galactic year, so (unless I'm missing something) we can essentially ignore relativistic distortions caused by the size of our galaxy as too minor to worry about, when it comes to thinking about the gravitational effects of galactic objects on each other.
Hey Matt, you and the team have inspired me for years and I *finally* went ahead and got Brilliant with your code. I'm really enjoying the lessons and I feel like I'm that one step closer to a deeper understanding of what has always excited me more than anything else: space, physics, and awesome ideas. It's been really nourishing, just like your videos, so I wanted to give you a heartfelt THANK YOU ❤️ You guys are the best are your job. That isn't even conjecture.
I love you Matt O'Dowd. your work has always been a calming treat on the sea of internet videos. thanks. I read and listen often.
This was one of my favorite episodes so far. I love galactic astrophysics.
Gibberish PAL, here time to wake up. Regarding Spheres in Space 🌍and Comets: The on screen CGI showing spherical ball🌝🌍⚽objects floating in "Space" is pure nonsense. Our Sun and Moon are local ionizing gas plasma luminaries, travelling within the Tropics. Earth is a fixed level Plane of existence made of fossilized, mineralized biology of mainly ancient Titanic Dragons🐉 some thousands of miles long, turned to stone (Limestone, and Granite) 🗻mountains. The term is nucleophilic substitution, flesh to stone. The 38 Transition Metals we use today literally came from these titans veins, and arteries. The mega titanic fish 🐟🐠🐡give us most of the (SiO2) Silicon Dioxide, and (Si) Silica Dessert sands, exactly like the Sahara titan fish desert ! You still here ? 💫 lol. Space "rocks" ie. Asteroids, Meteors (meat🥩) and of course Comets, are the tough fossil remains of these titans (mostly dragons🐉🐲). The Void of space and level Earth was called the "Raqia" in ancient Hebrew (Latin-Firmament), and "the Expanse" is so massive we get Hyperbolic, and Interstellar (now) Comets. Due to Magnetic Force, when these massive transition metal (conductive) laden space fossils get near Earth's dipole, the Anode is discharging electrons into the "Comet" nucleus and taking protons from it. The Comet is now a hot cathode from a cold state (far away) and Sublimation-Phase Transition (from solid to a gaseous state) is causing it to discharge Carbonaceous Dust and microbes etc. by the hundreds of Tons an hour (example) as a Type2 Comet science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2013/19apr_isonids above Earth. The 3600 yrs. ago Thera Eruption marked last cycle of energetic Comets, and it was called the "Shar" in ancient Sumerian, the "Completion of the Circuit". The electrical Shar is likely an intentionally induced 👽Cosmic Cycle, which adds raw material (Proton Density, Radial Velocity etc.) to the outer magnetic field of the Toroidal Vortex EMF above the level Earth. The "Solar Wind" is the measured strength of the EMF Torus (AKA magneto/heliopause) without it the harmful ionizing UVC radiation from the Void would make life on Earth impossible. The last Passover 3600 years ago (Minoan erupt
Have you seen a picture of earth from far away that isn't a composite?
@@floatNthru12 Do you mean Pale Blue Dot from Voyager 1?
@@magellanicspaceclouds ok... so I looked that up. ABSTRACT ART is not a picture of earth.
@@floatNthru12 No, I have not.
This is an incredibly good video. Thank you Matt (and team!!) for putting in all that effort to bring this to us. I wish we had you guys around when I was in school.
I enjoy these videos so much. The combination of raw knowledge, humor, and great graphics never fails to entertain as much as educate. Thanks for another awesome experience. =)
This is one of the very few channels related to science that are actually worth watching for, most of them are just pure rubbish. Very good content, keep up the good work! The quality is far above anything available elsewhere, explanations and animations are both very well made, random guesses are not stated as facts - which is rare. This can truly call scientific.
Our path through the universe is WILD yet what’s more wild is that we can understand this much about it! 😮
The least understandable aspect of the universe is that we can begin to understand the universe
Not my statement, but I also don't recall the person who first stated it close to that
I assume many lay people don't understand why we know so little about it in total that being everything past local group.
But I agree from my frame of reference.
The universe is just math -- lots and lots and lots of math.
@@deusexaethera Math is probably the most abstract thing humans can conceive of, so it's not surprising we'd take it to be a cogent candidate for the composition of the universe. The same can be said of the concept of 'information'. Unfortunately, ontology lies outside of epistemology, and so is reduced to an unfalsifiable personal metaphysics.
You think you "understand this much about" your 'wild path through the universe'?
Everything in the Universe is moving relative to each other; so there is really no so-called "path through the Universe". lol
It is more of a "path through" your overworked imagination. lol
At 8:08, I suddenly had flashbacks to being a kid in the 80s and using Spirographs as a form of entertainment. (Ask your grandparents kids) And the 80s synth pop was helping!
Me too.
Same :D
I had flashbacks to something else.
One of your absolute best videos. A simple hypothesis is simply explained but with a mind-boggling conclusion. Well done guys, I'm looking forward to your next epic mini movie.
25 minutes ago I was trying to draw a still image of how the earth moves around the sun. As an artist (or wannabe professional artist at least) I thought maybe I should really research this first to make sure I'm depicting the theories correctly enough. Fast forward to now when I'm realizing just how little I know about any of this, and it's even more beautiful than I thought. Anyway brb gonna keep going down this rabbit hole. THANK YOU.
This will be perfect for the next time my students ask me this question, thanks PBS!
Matt, you and your team are incredible. Thank you!
Yes, Bravo!
Hey, PBS Space time. I rarely comment, but I realised I have watched your videos religiously for some 10 years. Keep up the good work.
Bravo! This video not only clarifies misconceptions about Earth's motion but also sheds light on the broader context of galactic dynamics. The explanation of the Local Standard of Rest and its implications for studying dark matter was especially illuminating. It's incredible to contemplate the intricate interplay of forces shaping our cosmic journey. Excellent work!
I can learn from this man because he does not have a shrill voice with eccentric personality while also being condescending. He does a great job. An excellent teacher. I greatly appreciate the absence of infantilization of the material and the viewers.
Just come out and say it. Whom are you criticizing? ; ) You're among friends.
Indeed, I'd like to know some of these names, too. Generally speaking, I don't really notice whether a voice is annoying or not. The only one that comes to mind is the narrator of Astrum. Can't recall his name off the top of my head.
Gibberish PAL, here time to wake up. Regarding Spheres in Space 🌍and Comets: The on screen CGI showing spherical ball🌝🌍⚽objects floating in "Space" is pure nonsense. Our Sun and Moon are local ionizing gas plasma luminaries, travelling within the Tropics. Earth is a fixed level Plane of existence made of fossilized, mineralized biology of mainly ancient Titanic Dragons🐉 some thousands of miles long, turned to stone (Limestone, and Granite) 🗻mountains. The term is nucleophilic substitution, flesh to stone. The 38 Transition Metals we use today literally came from these titans veins, and arteries. The mega titanic fish 🐟🐠🐡give us most of the (SiO2) Silicon Dioxide, and (Si) Silica Dessert sands, exactly like the Sahara titan fish desert ! You still here ? 💫 lol. Space "rocks" ie. Asteroids, Meteors (meat🥩) and of course Comets, are the tough fossil remains of these titans (mostly dragons🐉🐲). The Void of space and level Earth was called the "Raqia" in ancient Hebrew (Latin-Firmament), and "the Expanse" is so massive we get Hyperbolic, and Interstellar (now) Comets. Due to Magnetic Force, when these massive transition metal (conductive) laden space fossils get near Earth's dipole, the Anode is discharging electrons into the "Comet" nucleus and taking protons from it. The Comet is now a hot cathode from a cold state (far away) and Sublimation-Phase Transition (from solid to a gaseous state) is causing it to discharge Carbonaceous Dust and microbes etc. by the hundreds of Tons an hour (example) as a Type2 Comet science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2013/19apr_isonids above Earth. The 3600 yrs. ago Thera Eruption marked last cycle of energetic Comets, and it was called the "Shar" in ancient Sumerian, the "Completion of the Circuit". The electrical Shar is likely an intentionally induced 👽Cosmic Cycle, which adds raw material (Proton Density, Radial Velocity etc.) to the outer magnetic field of the Toroidal Vortex EMF above the level Earth. The "Solar Wind" is the measured strength of the EMF Torus (AKA magneto/heliopause) without it the harmful ionizing UVC radiation from the Void would make life on Earth impossible. The last Passover 3600 years ago (Minoan erupt
I see what you did there. And I agree.
PBS Space Time never started that way. It's come a long way, and matured into a very good educational channel.
These frames of reference remind me of the map projections regarding depictions of the Earth itself, that none can depict all of the information except for a globe but then you can't see the whole map at the same time. There's no single best frame of reference for all cases, as you said, in a way analogous to the map projections.
Mind blowing just mind blowing. How fortunate we are for this wonderful internet , awesome RUclips that brings us amazing people like Matt to tell us the wonders of the Universe!
Gibberish PAL, here time to wake up. Regarding Spheres in Space 🌍and Comets: The on screen CGI showing spherical ball🌝🌍⚽objects floating in "Space" is pure nonsense. Our Sun and Moon are local ionizing gas plasma luminaries, travelling within the Tropics. Earth is a fixed level Plane of existence made of fossilized, mineralized biology of mainly ancient Titanic Dragons🐉 some thousands of miles long, turned to stone (Limestone, and Granite) 🗻mountains. The term is nucleophilic substitution, flesh to stone. The 38 Transition Metals we use today literally came from these titans veins, and arteries. The mega titanic fish 🐟🐠🐡give us most of the (SiO2) Silicon Dioxide, and (Si) Silica Dessert sands, exactly like the Sahara titan fish desert ! You still here ? 💫 lol. Space "rocks" ie. Asteroids, Meteors (meat🥩) and of course Comets, are the tough fossil remains of these titans (mostly dragons🐉🐲). The Void of space and level Earth was called the "Raqia" in ancient Hebrew (Latin-Firmament), and "the Expanse" is so massive we get Hyperbolic, and Interstellar (now) Comets. Due to Magnetic Force, when these massive transition metal (conductive) laden space fossils get near Earth's dipole, the Anode is discharging electrons into the "Comet" nucleus and taking protons from it. The Comet is now a hot cathode from a cold state (far away) and Sublimation-Phase Transition (from solid to a gaseous state) is causing it to discharge Carbonaceous Dust and microbes etc. by the hundreds of Tons an hour (example) as a Type2 Comet science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2013/19apr_isonids above Earth. The 3600 yrs. ago Thera Eruption marked last cycle of energetic Comets, and it was called the "Shar" in ancient Sumerian, the "Completion of the Circuit". The electrical Shar is likely an intentionally induced 👽Cosmic Cycle, which adds raw material (Proton Density, Radial Velocity etc.) to the outer magnetic field of the Toroidal Vortex EMF above the level Earth. The "Solar Wind" is the measured strength of the EMF Torus (AKA magneto/heliopause) without it the harmful ionizing UVC radiation from the Void would make life on Earth impossible. The last Passover 3600 years ago (Minoan erupt
Indeed we are among the fortunate. Let us rejoice and celebrate this banquet of knowledge. Felicitations 🎉
This has been very informative on how we move throughout the universe and our own solar system😊
Thank you,Mathew O'Dowd and the great staff of Space Time for making such wonderful programs. I would be nowhere without your influence on me. I am truly grateful for the hard work that you do.🙋♂️
Same! I’ve decided to become an Earth Scientist because of Matt (and his videos have helped me greatly during exams). Gonna go into astronomy after UG
@@rainbowbutterflyfan you'd be better off learning asstrology rather than wasting your life on asstronomy which is not even a science.
Its tragic watching people self-immolate on the SCIENTISM sacrificial altar.
How can a Time Lapse photo of the North Star possibly help your argument?
Thanks, a really great illustration of how complex things get when one takes all factors into account. All depends on how far outside the solar system you want to go I guess!
Finally, a well produced video which tells the whole story of astronomical movements and the differing frames of reference that can be chosen, and why they are all equally valid. Vsauce started the madness six years ago and never corrected his error. This sets it straight.
Just phenomenal. Even when I am bored with everything else on yt I know I have pbs spacetime which I can binge watch. I rewatch a lot of good videos such as this to enjoy the experience. Would definitely support you in the near future.
You are the highlight to my day. Please keep up the good work. Love the existential feeling I get watching these videos..
I enjoyed watching this episode. It follows on the heels of a long discussion I had with my friend about the subject of proper motion and frames of reference. Seems I’ll be dining on crow after I show him this episode. Thanks for the illuminating show.
Amazing video, but quick question: Why at 4’30” in the video are the years of Jupiter and Saturn said to be 5 and 12 Earth years? It would be 12 and 30 (11.9 and 29.5) when looking at our solar system in the standard way. Is this just an error, or is there something else I am missing, like how often there is a conjunction or something like that?
Depending on your frame of reference, we have never been in the same place for our entire lives. Even sitting here, relatively still, my body is moving at thousands of times the speed of sound.
The Delorian would have gone back to 1955, and popped up into the void of space.
And it's for sure true.
@@ExxInferis Yep. That's why time-only travel is at least impractical, you would always end up in the vacuum of space. Space-time travel would be a solution, if only we could figure out a way to determine the absolute starting and ending position of the trip. A small error, very small, infinitesimal compared to the distance traveled by Earth, let's say 100m, would shoot you in the air or deep underground. So, in my humble opinion, this consideration alone makes time travel impossible.
@@ExxInferis True! 😂
@@maxsignori316 Reminds me of Han Solo telling Luke Skywalker why calculations are needed to fly through hyperspace.
"Without precise calculations you could fly right through a star, or bounce too close to a supernova, and that would end your trip real quick."
Just wow٫ this is the best space channel on RUclips٫ period.
Give Anton Petrov a try.
He speaks to us …
Not down at us.
Wow that was an absolute brain stewer by the time I got to know how an individual body is moving through space. But absolutely mindblowing visuals coupled with a simple narration just helps me once again feel v.v.v.v.v.v.v.v smaalll. Thanks!
04:24 Did Matt just say that the "orbital periods of Jupiter and Saturn were 5 and 12 earth years, respectively???" He must've meant 12 and 29 years and we just misheard him ;) Also, why is the solar system in this video sometimes depicted from above the north pole (planets circling counter-clockwise) and other times from below the south pole (clockwise planetary orbits). Is that to prove that he's not a polar chauvinist? I'm sure being from Australia has something to do with this..
@@onlytruefalcon 5AU is Jupiter's distance but 12 yrs is its orbital period. Saturn's distance is 9.5AU :(
This is by far the best thing i have watched on youtube in the last few years.
This is extremely interesting, I'm really glad you all broke it down into such exquisite detail (and then applied that detail to your T-Shirt, too) 😄
I love memorizing chemical structures. So much easier than words or numbers or equations to me. They all have different personalities like cartoon characters and tell a story as one's eyes drift around them.
Love this frequent uploading - thank you :)
The more frequent the better in my book!
Isaac Arthur, John Michael Godier, and Frasier Cane both updated weekly and Anton Petrov everyday. Check them out
"What goes up must come down
Spinning Wheel got to go around
Talking about your troubles it's a crying sin
Ride a painted pony let the Spinning Wheel spin."-Blood Sweat and Tears
The visuals were extremely helpful thank you
Here is the full clip : ruclips.net/video/bceIOLb7HIw/видео.html
Follow-up questions: In which direction does our CMB-relative velocity point? How much of that velocity is due to The Great Attractor and/or the Shapely cluster (what TGA is moving towards)? If we account for the motions due to Andromeda, TGA, and Shapley, do these add up to the CMB-relative velocity? If not... what accounts for the rest of it?
And what direction is the CMB-relative velocity regarding Earth's orbit around Sun and what direction regarding Sun's orbit around the galactic centre?
Is the Great Attractor moving?
It's the simple things that are really cool. Great video!
This video got the channel a like, comment AND subscribe from me. Great content.
Quite literally went from "this seems like a boring episode" to "this has been one of the most eye opening episodes yet!"
Great job
the most complicated things often come from the most mundane
No such thing as a boring episode of Space Time!
Already seemed interesting to me. I was hooked by the title.
I love absolutely everything about this video.
This is fantastic stuff. Blows my mind how smart some people are to have figured all this out. Love this channel, appreciate the creators, thank you.
Gibberish PAL, here time to wake up. Regarding Spheres in Space 🌍and Comets: The on screen CGI showing spherical ball🌝🌍⚽objects floating in "Space" is pure nonsense. Our Sun and Moon are local ionizing gas plasma luminaries, travelling within the Tropics. Earth is a fixed level Plane of existence made of fossilized, mineralized biology of mainly ancient Titanic Dragons🐉 some thousands of miles long, turned to stone (Limestone, and Granite) 🗻mountains. The term is nucleophilic substitution, flesh to stone. The 38 Transition Metals we use today literally came from these titans veins, and arteries. The mega titanic fish 🐟🐠🐡give us most of the (SiO2) Silicon Dioxide, and (Si) Silica Dessert sands, exactly like the Sahara titan fish desert ! You still here ? 💫 lol. Space "rocks" ie. Asteroids, Meteors (meat🥩) and of course Comets, are the tough fossil remains of these titans (mostly dragons🐉🐲). The Void of space and level Earth was called the "Raqia" in ancient Hebrew (Latin-Firmament), and "the Expanse" is so massive we get Hyperbolic, and Interstellar (now) Comets. Due to Magnetic Force, when these massive transition metal (conductive) laden space fossils get near Earth's dipole, the Anode is discharging electrons into the "Comet" nucleus and taking protons from it. The Comet is now a hot cathode from a cold state (far away) and Sublimation-Phase Transition (from solid to a gaseous state) is causing it to discharge Carbonaceous Dust and microbes etc. by the hundreds of Tons an hour (example) as a Type2 Comet science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2013/19apr_isonids above Earth. The 3600 yrs. ago Thera Eruption marked last cycle of energetic Comets, and it was called the "Shar" in ancient Sumerian, the "Completion of the Circuit". The electrical Shar is likely an intentionally induced 👽Cosmic Cycle, which adds raw material (Proton Density, Radial Velocity etc.) to the outer magnetic field of the Toroidal Vortex EMF above the level Earth. The "Solar Wind" is the measured strength of the EMF Torus (AKA magneto/heliopause) without it the harmful ionizing UVC radiation from the Void would make life on Earth impossible. The last Passover 3600 years ago (Minoan erupt
Omg, we are learning so much more about science every day that it gets hard to keep up with what's current. Nice video great information lots to learn
I'm just glad not to be dizzy all the time.
At 12:05, I think the graphic is a bit misleading. The core of the Milky Way galaxy is visible between the months of March and September. In the graphic, between the months of March and September, it shows that the sun would be between the Earth and the core of the Milky Way, rendering the core inaccessible to human eyes. Could you clarify this? Or tell me that I am going crazy?
I think this is correct. The outer arm is visible in the winter months. Either March and September should be switched, or the orientation of the graphic should be inverted.
Watching these videos at 2 am makes it more interesting.
i was looking for a video to answer this exact question and of course space time has a video on it. so happy this channel exists
Incredible episode. Great work gang!
Yay! New PBS Space Time video!
There life made dust particles within a plasma it's called a cell
Monty Python explained all of this back in 1983:
"We're thirty thousand light years from galactic central point
We go 'round every two hundred million years
And our galaxy is only one of millions of billions
In this amazing and expanding universe"
Thoroughly enjoyed this video. I was able to follow despite not being a scientist. Thank you
Luke, you’re going to find that many of the truths that we cling to depend greatly on our own point of view
I've always wondered what affects the furthest stars on the end of the galactic plane have on the particles that are super far away from those stars, which are still on the tail end of the galaxy.
Awesome video
This one was particularly sweet, great stuff thanks
Great video, really happy to see that at the end you also looked at the Galaxy traveling through the Universe itself. I was starting to worry that wouldn't be covered.
I just LOVE your content! You have so much knowledge and present it easily and understandable. Thank you for your efforts!
I’d like to think I’m getting smarter but the truth is I think PBS Spacetime is just getting better and better at explaining things to those of us who don’t have PhDs in astrophysics. Thank you!
I don't move at all. Everything else does.
Sir. A hard truth is you are not the center of the universe. LOL
@@janetcameron4652yes we are, according to God.. not your scientist.
Actually each observer is in the centre of their own observable universe.
@@tucobrasi3596Your god doesnt exist, our scientist do
If you don’t move. How did you type without your hands moving?
That "extinction 60 million years ago" and the thought of whats to come is really blowing my mind
Always great to hear about Space for sure.
What about Spacetime?
Excellent content and quality, as usual. Thank you!
Awesome episode - thanks for that!!!
Terrific discussion of astronomical motion! It makes me almost believe that I can understand it! :) Thank you!
Awesome information.
Thanks, ✌️❤️🇳🇿
The idea that non-carbon based life is possible but likely in a different universe is fascinating. Thank you.
Absolutely loved the graphics. No one does as good of a job explaining as spacetime
Love each new video. Thanks !!
Regarding frames of reference: if you want to travel in time, you have to know where the earth is going to be when you reach your destination. You also need to know which direction it’s moving. So far we have motion on the solar system, motion through the galaxy, and our galaxy’s motion, plus, I believe, a local galactic cluster motion. Still, to be safe, if I were traveling backwards in time, I would do it in a spaceship in case I didn’t end up where I expected.
Loved the opinion piece at the end, you should do that more often. Thanks for another great video!
Pretty much every spacetime video is great, but this one is among the best
For a science pleb like me, the corkscrew visualisation was revolutionary for me. I’d only ever seen the planets moving round the sun. I hadn’t realised we were moving through the galaxy too and that was amazing!! I’m not doing any problem solving on movement so I don’t need to worry about reference point. I enjoyed learning about the extra detail you offered of how exactly and why we move in the way we do within our galaxy. ❤
And the galaxys are also moving. Only God could create such a wonderful universe!
Just a pedantic moment - are we moving through the galaxy, or is the galaxy rotating and taking us with it ?
@@tezzerii ooh now that’s a good point! Could it be a bit of both??
@@aliaf22 I think it's certainly mostly galaxy rotation, but sure there's some sun movement too, like the up & down movement he pointed out =o)
@@MariaPerez-hl4jscould say if there is a god that it could explain the infinite dimensions in mathematics and physics that we can't see but function and can't be disproven?
One thing I've always been curious about is how our star Sol relates to other bright stars in the night sky. I've seen maps of our local group, and local bubble, but then there's a jump to the full galaxy, showing the spiral arms and the sun's position, but usually not much more than that. How would a map of the intermediate scale appear? Where in the galaxy would we find other starts like Sirius, Rigel, or Betelgeuse? I saw a simple infographic of the constellation of Orion showing that the stars involved are actually not all that close to each other but it didn't show in what direction From the sun this was. Do maps like this exist? Using the reference frame of galactic north and south?
I have seen claims that we are not really sure where Sol is in the Milky Way (or rather that there are sign we got our position wrong).
There were the Jedi archives on Coruscant, but that was far, far away and a long time ago.
While a lot of stars and planets in the game are procedurally generated, Elite Dangerous really gives you a sense of scale, and the map does have stars in their appropriate locations within the galaxy, as far as we know. Players even claim 'space madness' when they're away from civilisation for too long, causing them to do things like fly into a black hole to see what happens.
Another... Less a game and more of a simulator is Space Engine, but I've only used it once or twice so I can't speak to exactly how it works. I think you can do interesting stuff like create gravity wells and make galaxies collide though. Not sure. It's supposed to be entirely to scale though, and obviously doesn't only include the milky way. I imagine it could map stars like Betelgeuse for you.
In Elite Dangerous though, you can actually fly to it. Really gives you a sense of galactic scale jumping instantly from star to star for months at a time to get from one side of the galaxy to another. Even with instant travel over 100LY, travel takes a LONG time.
A program called Starry Night has a catalog of stars & stuff, and lets you see what the sky would look like from various places on Earth at different times, as well as corresponding starscapes from other objects. As I recall it did let you freely look around the universe, so that program could give you a sense of the stellar neighborhood.
Stellarium looks like a free cousin of Starry Night, but I haven't fired it up yet.
Everything on earth from ancient to modern we are just visitors passing through...
Well done, Matt! Harkening back to the diagram on your black t-shirt of the motion of the Solar System relative to the galactic plane (which I have in my collection of pictures), my initial interpretation before this video was that the Sun's orbit of the galaxy was a simple inclined plane relative to the galactic plane with a period of 230 million years. Suffice to say you blew my mind to learn these oscillations actually have a period of just ~60 million years. Moreover, it strikes me that this movement pattern is very much reminiscent of how the JWST orbits the Earth's L2 Lagrange point where, in this case, perhaps the Solar System orbits a galactic Lagrange point 4 times in a galactic year. And the possibility that these relatively rapid oscillations may be tied to mass extinctions in the past history of the Earth is thought provoking, to say the least!
Amazing work of a cameraman flying between stars and filming their motion for us.
This is so cool! Would be super useful for mapping a geocentric model of the galaxy!
How long are Jupiter and Saturn's years? I thought they were 12 and 29 years. (is this about the cycle of the barycenter?)
Also, nice Australian touch showing the "south is up" view earth orbiting clockwise around the sun!
He's going to have to correct those year lengths in a future video.
Was going to say the same thing.
This is the 1st clip that I didn't get completely lost about half way through. I was able to actually follow this one beginning to end.
Great presentation! In regards to the chemistry with Silicon, I thought I'd add that we assume Oxygen and water - but if we use other hydrides, such as Ammonia, or NH3-H2O eutectic, or some other "semi-universal" solvent that is potentially reducing, (CS2 even?) and you might have a new chemistry for life. We still have a lot of chemical learning to do as a species. Look at the Olivine reactions generating CH4... our planet and conditions only allow a fraction of the possibilities in the universe.
Look at the synthesis of small organics in gas clouds and dark nebulae? So, who knows. Might even be a hybrid of C and Si, or similar elements for life out there! And nano-particulate reactions could substitute for some standard enzymatic systems, potentially as well. Either way, I think we need to broaden our perspective, tempered with possible chemistries to truly find life out there. But carbon-based systems is the best place to start to be sure.
Life seemingly finds a way.
Darren H
"Just remember that you're standing on a planet that's evolving and revolving at 900 miles an hour" 😉
There's an error in the video at 4:30, since Jupiter and Saturn years are not 5 and 12 respectively, but around 11.9 and 29.5 respectively.
The 5 and 12 are actually about the distances from the sun expressed in AU, but not quite -- Saturn is more like 9.5 AU
He kind of has a brain fart there. But he was pretty good
@@millicentsmallpenny5837he mentions timescale and precession of the barycenter. I don’t think he meant distance to the sun. I think he merely mistook his facts and also seems to appreciate when his viewers catch his slip ups 🤭
Sounds like your explaining 1000 year cycles and longer for the earth.
Great video.
I'm skeptical Matt is going to memorize any chemical structures
gunna memorize your mom
@@WildEngineering aww man thanks, not a lot of folks give the elderly that kind of attention