I deliver uber eats there sometimes, interesting place to drive around. Inside the building is pretty cool too and everyone always seems like they are in a good mood
Probably in regard to where it’s going with experimental operations in the future given we already have a much larger collider with higher energies thus in danger of rendering colliders like at fermilab irrelevant unless they get creative.
The intern was likely questioning the value proposition without understanding you don't need the biggest accelerator possible to do experiments. Using the LHC to generate a stream of neutrinos would be overkill, take up valuable resources and time away from experiments that do need the higher energies. Not having to go overseas to run an experiment is a great time and money saver. Being good at physics and maths doesn't make one a good accountant. Don probably twisted the question a little to make a video.
Fermilab relies on accelerators because they are essential tools for probing the fundamental nature of the universe. Accelerators propel particles to nearly the speed of light, enabling high-energy collisions that mimic conditions shortly after the Big Bang. These collisions produce a wealth of data, revealing the building blocks of matter, forces of nature, and the behavior of particles at extremely small scales. Without accelerators, it would be impossible to explore phenomena like the Higgs boson, dark matter, or neutrinos in such detail. Fermilab's accelerators also serve as precision instruments for testing the Standard Model of particle physics and searching for new physics beyond it. They are a gateway to understanding the universe at its most fundamental level, helping answer some of humanity's biggest scientific questions.
Dr. Don always reminds me a bit of my physics teacher, who tried to get me catch up on the beta part, seeing I was interested in this stuff. He heroicly failed in the first, but gloriously succeeded in making it one of my greatest interests in life. Like Don, he also had a great sense of humor, which seems natural in really great people.
The Scene: 2 guys on the parking lot blacktop outside FermiLab, dressed in HAZMAT suits, name tapes on them read "LINCOLN" and "SEVILLE"they wield ghost buster-like props, shouting "at inter-dimensional chipmunks": "ALLLLVVVIINNNNN!!!!" .... Production team, you have the power to make this skit happen XD
Hi Don, You did a masterful job of describing the 3 things that particle accelerators can do, but you never mentioned why it's useful to do those 3 things.
@@EnglishMike I thank for that answer of which I am aware. However, you missed the point of my statement to Don, that being to fully answer the intern's question he should have included a dissertation on why it's useful to do each of the 3 things he elucidated.
@@lr1639 It doesn't need a dissertation. We are measuring the excitation spectrum of the physical vacuum. It's a precise analog of hitting a gong and listening to the frequencies in its sound. In two words: it's spectroscopy.
@@lepidoptera9337 Well, it seems everyone keeps seeing a "?" where none exists. I thought the purpose of my comment was crystal clear in my last response. But, I guess no matter how clear one tries to been there will always be those to whom it's still opaque, or they just are bent on feeling self-important. Have a good life. 😁
Are particle accelerators used by their respective teams in competition against another, or used to look for something specific that others can’t at that time or are just not equipped for that function? Similar to how different telescopes and satellites are used.
They both compete and cooperate. As your comment suggests different types of accelerator can be used for research into different types of physical interactions, but that's just part of it. There is often competition to make new discoveries but labs also cooperate, if independent confirmation of a discovery is needed or if a project is too expensive for one lab to afford it. CERN itself is a superb example of cooperation as it is funded by a huge multinational organisation that includes most of Europe, the USA, Canada, Japan and a number of other nations who send scientists to take part in the research. Having so many brains available with different approaches is one of CERN's great strengths.
are there any theoretical combinations of subatomic particles that can interact with top quarks (or any non up or down) to "stabilize" them? is it in the realm of possibility to create new kinds of "atoms" from different composite parts?
"…and temperature really needs a collection of particles to be meaningful…" Any chance you could do an episode on exactly what temperature _is,_ and what the Kelvin scale is measuring? 🤞
Expressions like "a millionth of a second after time in the universe began" assume that time started all at the same time (pardon the expression) all over the then tiny universe. Could it be possible that the universe didn't start as a singularity and time may not have started simultaneously everywhere? Which, if true, could account for the anomalies seen in the CBM?
It could be possible. But you need to do the math to show why such a finite initial state is as or more probable than the singularity model given the current state of the universe.
Simply *the* opening and closing cards! Try 0:13-0:18 before hitting the left arrow to repeat. And not to worry -- the lesson on Fermilab's reason for being, made a strong case withal!
❤ Hi Don, how's it going? Watching your video, there is one issue to discuss: in my opinion no anyone particle is created in Accelerators, but they are extracted from orthogonal spaces at high energies and speeds. And then each space has a "singular pressure" produce a short time live of them that return it to own space.
The De Broglie reference comes up in this video: "What is the i really doing in Schrödinger's equation?" / Welch Labs channel. Some great history in there, (the big guns), and some beautifully illustrated physics.
I think he answered the question on why particle accelerators are built, but I am still a bit confused as to why "Fermilab" has a particle accelerator considering CERN does everything bigger and better?
I was thinking more like: Matter forms a stable mass very quickly, so you have to put massive amount of energy into it to break the components apart. When they are apart you can try to study the components of matter. I guess maybe you can also use an accelerator to try to do nuclear alterations to matter. You could study the cyclone radiation, but that has already probably been done and is observed as what you get when you alter the track of a particle.
When Dr. Don says, "This temperature happened a millionth of a second after the big bang..." he is really saying: a) The Universe has only 3 spatial dimensions (the reason the Big Bang was proposed) b) The General Relativity Geodesics model (mass deforms spacetime) is correct (this is the model one should use for an unembedded 3D spatial manifold). c) There was some unsupported, undefined Inflaton Particle that stretched SPACE such that temperature could go down from Infinity (I suppose since that initial temperature cannot be determined by any model) through adiabatic cooling. d) The energy for the Big Bang came out from some magical False Vacuum Decay...:) (tremendous nonsense since it doesn't solve the conservation of energy problem - it begs the question: AND where did the energy come from to move the vacuum into an excited state). e) Magical Dark Matter and Dark Energy are REAL...:) Despite the existence of a better model that explains everything without Dark Matter or Dark Energy... In other words, for you to say something supporting the idea that "Accelerators are relevant because they problem the initial attoseconds after creation," you have to push tremendously idiotic ideas (rejected by JWST evidence). In other words, this is a self-serving video (serving the Fermilab interests and not Science). The video is self-serving. The deaf-ear offered to a better model is also self-serving. One wonders when scientists will stop and start supporting Science.
no, but that's a good thought. We have natural protons with way more energy than we make...why can't we smash those? 1) they're random: we don't know they energy, their direction, their species (mostly proton, but not always), nor their time of arrival. All that makes it hard to both see and interpret the end results. 2) is a more fundamental problem: there isn't enough of them. Wiki tells me LHC as 2,808 bunches of protons containing 100 billion protons each. (so we solved all of (1)'s problems) colliding at 40 MHz. So 4 TRILLION p + p --> ? opportunities per microsecond!, and it still takes years to get enough data....so we really can't use them 😞for accelerator style stuff, but ppl do study them (see: "UHECR).
We are measuring combinations of energy, momentum, angular momentum and charges by observing "particle tracks". What we care about is just that set of numbers, though. We get that by letting high energy quanta interact with the matter in the detectors and they are shedding small amounts of their energy along a linear or curved (for charged quanta in a strong magnetic field) track. We use the amount of energy deposited in the detector and the directions and curvatures of these tracks to estimate the original energy, momentum, angular momentum and charge (positive, negative or neutral). We then compare these estimates with theoretical predictions to decide which model is correct.
Can someone explain to me how the accelerators work when they're circular or not straight? If you're trying to smash particles together or just accelerate them in general don't you want nothing to interact with? How do they follow the curve?
What we need next are better particle accelerators, not bigger ones. If computer evolution had proceeded the way particle accelerator evolution has proceeded, you would need on the order of a city block to do what a modern smartphone does.
Very Nice explanation. But perhaps the intern was asking what are it's applications from your findings. For example how could you use the Higgs to your advantage. Al this is amazing but at the end of the day we ask how do we use this information in our everyday life.
@@martinwhitaker5096 That is about circa 1977 from an HEP physicist building spark chambers there that I hung out with at UChicago. He pointed at the one-farad capacitor tree as part of the problem (or solution, perhaps, that it wasn't worse) that had come online the year before. He also pointed out the drip pans installed on top of the computers in the basement of the HEP Institute due to leaks from the lab above them. Sadly, he is no longer with us.
@@mutantryeff yes, the singularity violates the laws of physics. The mass is in the energy of curved spacetime (E=mc^2). The question is: where did the conserved baryon number go? Kip has a video on "Closer to the Truth"'s channel, where he explains matter (not mass) goes to the singularity and destroyed. The singularity [classical BH's only here] is a point defect in spacetime...it's not part of it, it's a glitch of infinite curvature where matter disappears, but makes the glitch bigger. That is then surrounded by a horizon so we can't see it.
@@DrDeuteron I mean that is a bit pedantic when colloquially a black hole is quite similar to what a large particle would be, abstract probability and consisting of only angular momentum, charge, and mass at least when viewed from outside.
You forgot to mention the best part, unlimited powah! It generates power by tearing open an hole to another universe, unfortunately it is a universe of madness and anyone around the electricity it generates goes insane, but if they can some how protect people from insanity inducing effects they could generate unlimited cheep energy. So it is worth the thousands of grad students sacrificed to the project are worth it.
Theory is advancing quite a bit just not the way the public thinks. The problem is that what a new accelerator could possibly probe has been theoretically understood 40 years ago and the predictions are kind of dull. There isn't much there, there unless our theory is wrong... but then... it was spot on about the Higgs, so that's kind of a problem with that line of hope based argument. Would an LHC upgrade (and that's the only thing we can hope to finance) be worth it? No. Probably not. There is better science to be had in other sectors like with astronomical observatories for that money.
Biggest and bigger particle accelerators cost more and more and discover less and less. Maybe it's time to pause building them until it becomes much cheaper to build them?
The memories at Fermilab would be experienced, in person, if the people weren't treated like it was a NASA space race - Homeland Security threat level be damned. Fabricating evidence is even forgivable, by the public, if our hearts are in the right place. It's the anger that drives people away; and prevents enrichment of our childrens' minds towards a future in Science. It would be a proud University had the people had their way; and the Natives would be teaching there.
@@DrDeuteron disable? I think they want to blow it up. For creating earthquakes without nukes, to do sabotages and assassinations. But it's still theoretical. (and I hope it never becomes real :))
And here I was thinking that the main purpose of those accelerators was to give photons some fun on a merry-go-round after they get all stressed out making up their minds which slit to travel through.
How often do you fire that thing up? I heard it uses so much energy, that they aren't able "To do as much science", at CERN currently due to the energy shortages of the Russo-Ukrainian war.
If all mater is composed of energy which is a quantum field, then the ultimate thing that can be expected to be discovered by atom smashing is fields of energy.
And that is precisely what we are measuring. Nature makes it a tiny bit more complicated: it's energy, momentum, angular momentum and charges, but that's it. Those four quantities explain all of fundamental physics.
Why? I graduated on a project connected to CERN (a long time ago). That PhD thesis gave me employment during my entire career in both science and industry. I wasn't the only one. CERN must have produced tens of thousands of people like me. Most of us are returning "the investment" in our education manifold during our careers. The hardware needed at CERN comes from small and medium businesses and large corporations and every science dollar spent there ultimately goes into somebody's salary. These are very good middle class jobs. Would you rather spend it on even more unemployment checks and weapons? Is that a better use of that money than to support a strong middle class with peaceful, hard working people?
@lepidoptera9337 now that you are all done talking about yourself. Because there's no such thing as super symmetry or a super symmetry particle! They've never EVER discovered one. But, typically, you are ready to bankrupt a small nation to build an ever larger collider, Looking for a particle that doesn't exist. Sorry, winky.. It's brainwashed butt heads like you holding taxpayers by the throat. Don't respond, nobody cares, especially about your next self indulgent tirade and ego exploration.
@lepidoptera9337 super symmetry doesn't exist, collision produces fragments. Waste of tax payer dollars, your ego is testament to your ignorance. Your private members club is based on lies.
Particle accelerators are built so physicists are distracted and led down a garden path when the answers are freely given by Nature in a magnet, electricity and all forms of light behaviour, to name a few. Here's all you need to know (broad brush): gravitons move in pairs of two opposing flavours of 'tubes' into the oscillation (misnomer Higg's boson), which is formed by twin intra oscillating toroid topology formed by two opposite and separate parts that eventually merge as neutrinos (dininos). Oscillations convert gravitons into photons, three of which exist as part of a proton collection to form a triangle of photon interactions conversion to proto magnetic particles (pmp) in three directions on the plane of the oscillations and two opposing directions perpendicular to the oscillation plane. The pmp moving on the plane go between the oscillations through most dense dinino field and acquire that particle to form a trtron (magnetic field particle) of extreme curl hence forming a quark by virtue of its toroid topological trajectory, and upon departure is responsible for the strong force. The twin perpendicular and opposite trajectory of up and down pmp traverses through a lesser dense field of dininos and hence travels further to form a weaker quark which is composed of magnetic field particles which manifest as electrons upon the shedding of a neutrino. Well that's the general picture; now you can work out the rest of the details so you can make technology to generate free energy, antigravity craft, visit the dinosaurs, regenerate your body cells to be sweet 16 again and explore the cosmos as an inorganic being not needing to fart ever again.
@marcoflumino Calling it simple when you do not even understand it!? If you understood it you would make a constructive statement that addressed what I have written. With your response I cannot be certain that you read what I wrote, which would not be your fault. Hence, always quote the writer's words so that it is known that you read what was written. Never trust digital media in all its forms.
I wonder, since I am a Astrophysicist and an Astronomer, I understand very well what you wrote, what I dispute is the easy part, if that was easy everyone would be a scientist! So peg down you vanity Einstein! And since your majesty is so intelligent and it is so easy for you, why you did not invented or solved all our energy problems and the rest? Get a life...
@@JerryMlinarevic So why haven't you claimed your Nobel Prize yet? Oh yeah. that's right, you have no idea what you're talking about. Anyone can speak pseudoscience. Where's the math?
Dynamic Gravity now explains everything in physics. What are electrons, what are neutrinos, what is time, what is gravity, how universe began, how it ends, how large it is, it shape, what is fine structure constant, and what causes the antimatter crises. Oh and it perfectly calculates gravity, dark matter, and dare energy with the same formula perectly with observation. Just ask these clowns at Fermilab why the string theroist gatekeepers won't let you hear about it, they would know that, but not much else.
Fermilab interns are uniformly brilliant. If they're not, they don't get hired. You do realize the intern in the story is just a plot device, right? And the chipmunks aren't real either.
I would love a deep dive on (3), but you knew that from my PfP. How did we figure out there were 3 main quarks in a proton (and neutron!)? And a bunch of sea (anti)quarks? How did we nail down their fractional charges? Why don't we have balloon animal like pictures of quark orbitals as we do with atoms? And spin....e.g. "the proton spin crisis"...what and how?
![NLE Choppa - Or What ft. 41 (Orchestra Mix) [Official Music Video]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/biOFASEgSOM/mqdefault.jpg)
Back in the day, there was a particle accelerator in every living room. Of course, I'm referring to the CRT in the TV.
😁
Black Holes could become material energy beams while contracting Black Holes due to low density of space.
😂thanks for the laugh @michaelblacktree
I love calling them “desktop particle accelerators”
I keep a sony trinitron around just to bathe in cathode rays
Intern: "Dr. Don can you explain this thing to me real quick?"
Dr. Don: "I'm afraid you'll have to wait to watch my youtube video about that."
😂😂😂
I had a similar thought. Or... ok intern... how about you write the script 😂
We all missed you
Not sure why Fermi lab did a video on swamp gas trapped in thermal pockets refracting the light from Venus, but I'm here for it!
A person is smart, but people are dumb, panicky, dangerous animals....
The light from Venus is too weak to cause that effect. WAKE UP LITTLE BUNNIES
"You know, I'm something of a physicist myself" -squirrel hunter with his .22lr particle accelerator
I deliver uber eats there sometimes, interesting place to drive around. Inside the building is pretty cool too and everyone always seems like they are in a good mood
The legend has dropped another masterpiece
You got my hopes up - I thought the mustache was back.
Great tongue-in-cheek intro and perfect ending! Thanks for the physics in the middle!
Top Qaurk?
You mean the Grand Nagus?
They study those at FerengiLab
Don, you did it again! Awesome! 😊
Wait. An intern to a particle physicist asks said physicist why their place of employment has a particle accelerator! 😧
Probably in regard to where it’s going with experimental operations in the future given we already have a much larger collider with higher energies thus in danger of rendering colliders like at fermilab irrelevant unless they get creative.
The intern was likely questioning the value proposition without understanding you don't need the biggest accelerator possible to do experiments. Using the LHC to generate a stream of neutrinos would be overkill, take up valuable resources and time away from experiments that do need the higher energies. Not having to go overseas to run an experiment is a great time and money saver. Being good at physics and maths doesn't make one a good accountant.
Don probably twisted the question a little to make a video.
Great video. One of the best science oriented channels and one of my favorites. Thanks
Fermilab relies on accelerators because they are essential tools for probing the fundamental nature of the universe. Accelerators propel particles to nearly the speed of light, enabling high-energy collisions that mimic conditions shortly after the Big Bang. These collisions produce a wealth of data, revealing the building blocks of matter, forces of nature, and the behavior of particles at extremely small scales.
Without accelerators, it would be impossible to explore phenomena like the Higgs boson, dark matter, or neutrinos in such detail. Fermilab's accelerators also serve as precision instruments for testing the Standard Model of particle physics and searching for new physics beyond it. They are a gateway to understanding the universe at its most fundamental level, helping answer some of humanity's biggest scientific questions.
In the future, please make sure your interns know what a particle accelerator is before starting work at Fermilab.
Maybe she was an administrative intern...
They knew what, just not why.
They always want more funding for bigger and stronger accelerators.
Dr. Don always reminds me a bit of my physics teacher, who tried to get me catch up on the beta part, seeing I was interested in this stuff. He heroicly failed in the first, but gloriously succeeded in making it one of my greatest interests in life. Like Don, he also had a great sense of humor, which seems natural in really great people.
The Scene: 2 guys on the parking lot blacktop outside FermiLab, dressed in HAZMAT suits, name tapes on them read "LINCOLN" and "SEVILLE"they wield ghost buster-like props, shouting "at inter-dimensional chipmunks": "ALLLLVVVIINNNNN!!!!" .... Production team, you have the power to make this skit happen XD
Hi Don, You did a masterful job of describing the 3 things that particle accelerators can do, but you never mentioned why it's useful to do those 3 things.
To investigate the fundamental physics of the Universe of course.
@@EnglishMike I thank for that answer of which I am aware. However, you missed the point of my statement to Don, that being to fully answer the intern's question he should have included a dissertation on why it's useful to do each of the 3 things he elucidated.
@@lr1639 It doesn't need a dissertation. We are measuring the excitation spectrum of the physical vacuum. It's a precise analog of hitting a gong and listening to the frequencies in its sound. In two words: it's spectroscopy.
@@lepidoptera9337 Well, it seems everyone keeps seeing a "?" where none exists. I thought the purpose of my comment was crystal clear in my last response. But, I guess no matter how clear one tries to been there will always be those to whom it's still opaque, or they just are bent on feeling self-important. Have a good life. 😁
@@lr1639 I wasn't answering a question but correcting a misconception. ;-)
Are we just not going to talk about whether or not the Dr Don mustache should make a return in 2025?
Yet anohter excellent Dr. Don explainer video! Gotta love that classic picture of Einstein! 👍👍
Smashing!!!! Don you and your team are stars in my eyes!!!
I love ❤️ the sense of humor 😂 only Don can bring.
Are particle accelerators used by their respective teams in competition against another, or used to look for something specific that others can’t at that time or are just not equipped for that function? Similar to how different telescopes and satellites are used.
They both compete and cooperate. As your comment suggests different types of accelerator can be used for research into different types of physical interactions, but that's just part of it. There is often competition to make new discoveries but labs also cooperate, if independent confirmation of a discovery is needed or if a project is too expensive for one lab to afford it. CERN itself is a superb example of cooperation as it is funded by a huge multinational organisation that includes most of Europe, the USA, Canada, Japan and a number of other nations who send scientists to take part in the research. Having so many brains available with different approaches is one of CERN's great strengths.
are there any theoretical combinations of subatomic particles that can interact with top quarks (or any non up or down) to "stabilize" them? is it in the realm of possibility to create new kinds of "atoms" from different composite parts?
No.
Glad I was a good little sheep and waiting for the end to learn all that goodness about Venus' ability to refract swamp gas. Solves so many mysteries.
"…and temperature really needs a collection of particles to be meaningful…"
Any chance you could do an episode on exactly what temperature _is,_ and what the Kelvin scale is measuring? 🤞
*¡the TransDimensional ChipMunks 🐿 will be victorious!*
So if you build a device to very rapidly take particles to very high accelerations, would it be a jerkerator?
Expressions like "a millionth of a second after time in the universe began" assume that time started all at the same time (pardon the expression) all over the then tiny universe. Could it be possible that the universe didn't start as a singularity and time may not have started simultaneously everywhere? Which, if true, could account for the anomalies seen in the CBM?
It could be possible. But you need to do the math to show why such a finite initial state is as or more probable than the singularity model given the current state of the universe.
Simply *the* opening and closing cards! Try 0:13-0:18 before hitting the left arrow to repeat. And not to worry -- the lesson on Fermilab's reason for being, made a strong case withal!
❤ Hi Don, how's it going? Watching your video, there is one issue to discuss: in my opinion no anyone particle is created in Accelerators, but they are extracted from orthogonal spaces at high energies and speeds. And then each space has a "singular pressure" produce a short time live of them that return it to own space.
The De Broglie reference comes up in this video: "What is the i really doing in Schrödinger's equation?" / Welch Labs channel.
Some great history in there, (the big guns), and some beautifully illustrated physics.
Is it possible to explore conditions at Planck's length e.g.that of spacetime at energies achievable in these accelerators?
so glad to see Dr Don, and ty for keeping the chipmunks at bay!
Give this man a medal
How do we accelerate atoms and particles which does not have a charge?
How do we accelerate the particles at opposite directions?
I think he answered the question on why particle accelerators are built, but I am still a bit confused as to why "Fermilab" has a particle accelerator considering CERN does everything bigger and better?
I was thinking more like: Matter forms a stable mass very quickly, so you have to put massive amount of energy into it to break the components apart. When they are apart you can try to study the components of matter. I guess maybe you can also use an accelerator to try to do nuclear alterations to matter. You could study the cyclone radiation, but that has already probably been done and is observed as what you get when you alter the track of a particle.
I knew it all along, swamp gas. You guys are doing great work
When Dr. Don says, "This temperature happened a millionth of a second after the big bang..." he is really saying:
a) The Universe has only 3 spatial dimensions (the reason the Big Bang was proposed)
b) The General Relativity Geodesics model (mass deforms spacetime) is correct (this is the model one should use for an unembedded 3D spatial manifold).
c) There was some unsupported, undefined Inflaton Particle that stretched SPACE such that temperature could go down from Infinity (I suppose since that initial temperature cannot be determined by any model) through adiabatic cooling.
d) The energy for the Big Bang came out from some magical False Vacuum Decay...:) (tremendous nonsense since it doesn't solve the conservation of energy problem - it begs the question: AND where did the energy come from to move the vacuum into an excited state).
e) Magical Dark Matter and Dark Energy are REAL...:) Despite the existence of a better model that explains everything without Dark Matter or Dark Energy...
In other words, for you to say something supporting the idea that "Accelerators are relevant because they problem the initial attoseconds after creation," you have to push tremendously idiotic ideas (rejected by JWST evidence).
In other words, this is a self-serving video (serving the Fermilab interests and not Science).
The video is self-serving. The deaf-ear offered to a better model is also self-serving.
One wonders when scientists will stop and start supporting Science.
Can cosmic rays be manipulated to collide with particles from an accelerator?
no, but that's a good thought. We have natural protons with way more energy than we make...why can't we smash those? 1) they're random: we don't know they energy, their direction, their species (mostly proton, but not always), nor their time of arrival. All that makes it hard to both see and interpret the end results. 2) is a more fundamental problem: there isn't enough of them. Wiki tells me LHC as 2,808 bunches of protons containing 100 billion protons each. (so we solved all of (1)'s problems) colliding at 40 MHz. So 4 TRILLION p + p --> ? opportunities per microsecond!, and it still takes years to get enough data....so we really can't use them 😞for accelerator style stuff, but ppl do study them (see: "UHECR).
@@DrDeuteron Thank you!
Hello Dr, could you speak to us about the next generation of particles colliders?
I felt like the video explained what a particle accelerator does, more than why it still does those things.
What do the collectors at these accelerators actually View?
We are measuring combinations of energy, momentum, angular momentum and charges by observing "particle tracks". What we care about is just that set of numbers, though. We get that by letting high energy quanta interact with the matter in the detectors and they are shedding small amounts of their energy along a linear or curved (for charged quanta in a strong magnetic field) track. We use the amount of energy deposited in the detector and the directions and curvatures of these tracks to estimate the original energy, momentum, angular momentum and charge (positive, negative or neutral). We then compare these estimates with theoretical predictions to decide which model is correct.
Can someone explain to me how the accelerators work when they're circular or not straight? If you're trying to smash particles together or just accelerate them in general don't you want nothing to interact with? How do they follow the curve?
The magnet field of the ring is curved so that the charged particles in the beam go around and around.
Ok see I knew it had to be something fairly reasonable that I wasn’t thinking of. Thank you
Is quark-gluon plasma a new phase of matter or is it very very old? 🤔
1/10000th the size of a proton is the displacement of LIGO arms during a gravitational wave passing. Are these related?
In short: Nope.
Purely accidental.
My favorite thing about Fermilab is the buffalo.
What we need next are better particle accelerators, not bigger ones. If computer evolution had proceeded the way particle accelerator evolution has proceeded, you would need on the order of a city block to do what a modern smartphone does.
4) bragging rights for the physicists who work at the lab
5) bragging right for the country hosting such an accelerator (I live near Geneva ...)
PS. And the opportunity to visit them when they a being built !
Very Nice explanation. But perhaps the intern was asking what are it's applications from your findings.
For example how could you use the Higgs to your advantage.
Al this is amazing but at the end of the day we ask how do we use this information in our everyday life.
It's odd that an intern asked about the tools of the job In a particle lab...
Anyways, great take on particle accelerators 🖖
I did not expect to be neuralized. Damn.
Thank you dr Don
Might one recall the tube (aka CRTs) TVs in the town of Batavia that would quench each 11 seconds due to the charge cycle at FermiLab?
Do you have a link to an article that talks about this?
@@martinwhitaker5096 That is about circa 1977 from an HEP physicist building spark chambers there that I hung out with at UChicago. He pointed at the one-farad capacitor tree as part of the problem (or solution, perhaps, that it wasn't worse) that had come online the year before. He also pointed out the drip pans installed on top of the computers in the basement of the HEP Institute due to leaks from the lab above them. Sadly, he is no longer with us.
Sometimes the most simple questions are the most profound
Is a black hole a massive particle?
no, it's wrinkled spacetime, and the particle smashers don't spend much time thinking about them.
@@DrDeuteron So where did the mass go that created the wrinkle? Are you violating laws of physics?
@@mutantryeff yes, the singularity violates the laws of physics. The mass is in the energy of curved spacetime (E=mc^2). The question is: where did the conserved baryon number go? Kip has a video on "Closer to the Truth"'s channel, where he explains matter (not mass) goes to the singularity and destroyed. The singularity [classical BH's only here] is a point defect in spacetime...it's not part of it, it's a glitch of infinite curvature where matter disappears, but makes the glitch bigger. That is then surrounded by a horizon so we can't see it.
@@DrDeuteron I mean that is a bit pedantic when colloquially a black hole is quite similar to what a large particle would be, abstract probability and consisting of only angular momentum, charge, and mass at least when viewed from outside.
@@hugegamer5988 except it's classical. See "representation theory of the Lorentz group" for what any particle must look like.
You forgot to mention the best part, unlimited powah! It generates power by tearing open an hole to another universe, unfortunately it is a universe of madness and anyone around the electricity it generates goes insane, but if they can some how protect people from insanity inducing effects they could generate unlimited cheep energy. So it is worth the thousands of grad students sacrificed to the project are worth it.
Dr Don, please make a video about progress in DUNE experiment. :D
Missed you .....
Emotional transference to a youtube creator is weird.
More Don! More physics!
What do you think about building bigger accelerators despite theory not having advanced much for decades, and nobody knowing if it's even worth it?
Theory is advancing quite a bit just not the way the public thinks. The problem is that what a new accelerator could possibly probe has been theoretically understood 40 years ago and the predictions are kind of dull. There isn't much there, there unless our theory is wrong... but then... it was spot on about the Higgs, so that's kind of a problem with that line of hope based argument. Would an LHC upgrade (and that's the only thing we can hope to finance) be worth it? No. Probably not. There is better science to be had in other sectors like with astronomical observatories for that money.
Love these, ty for making our interests, in layman terms
The flash, Ohmygosh, I have a few of those friends, Bless them 🙏
How are you going to open a portal to hell without a particle accelerator? Of course you need one.
I would have just answered the question enthusiastically "for science!" and left it at that.
Biggest and bigger particle accelerators cost more and more and discover less and less. Maybe it's time to pause building them until it becomes much cheaper to build them?
Thank you for your service defending the planet from interdimensional squirrels
The memories at Fermilab would be experienced, in person, if the people weren't treated like it was a NASA space race - Homeland Security threat level be damned.
Fabricating evidence is even forgivable, by the public, if our hearts are in the right place. It's the anger that drives people away; and prevents enrichment of our childrens' minds towards a future in Science. It would be a proud University had the people had their way; and the Natives would be teaching there.
Accelerators are very important. I have one in each one of my vehicles
Dr Don's Mustache > Schrodinger's Cat.
Oh he back
4 - Neutrino laser research for nuclear reaction at distance without bomb devices.
I heard about that. Shine a neutrino beam on to a far away plutonium pit, and disable the device. very cool.
@@DrDeuteron disable? I think they want to blow it up. For creating earthquakes without nukes, to do sabotages and assassinations.
But it's still theoretical. (and I hope it never becomes real :))
And here I was thinking that the main purpose of those accelerators was to give photons some fun on a merry-go-round after they get all stressed out making up their minds which slit to travel through.
How often do you fire that thing up? I heard it uses so much energy, that they aren't able "To do as much science", at CERN currently due to the energy shortages of the Russo-Ukrainian war.
If you search for "longer term LHC schedule" then you can find a calendar with the planned operating schedule out to 2041.
Mach-Feynman sprinkler experiment: m.ruclips.net/user/shortszTrLpMmlAeg
I always believed that accelerators were made to summon headcrabs from Xen.
If all mater is composed of energy which is a quantum field, then the ultimate thing that can be expected to be discovered by atom smashing is fields of energy.
And that is precisely what we are measuring. Nature makes it a tiny bit more complicated: it's energy, momentum, angular momentum and charges, but that's it. Those four quantities explain all of fundamental physics.
But how are the chipmunks invading this dimension, and how do you use the booster to stop them?
God I love your videos.
I still feel rather suspicious regarding the huge money spent on accelerators.
Why? I graduated on a project connected to CERN (a long time ago). That PhD thesis gave me employment during my entire career in both science and industry. I wasn't the only one. CERN must have produced tens of thousands of people like me. Most of us are returning "the investment" in our education manifold during our careers. The hardware needed at CERN comes from small and medium businesses and large corporations and every science dollar spent there ultimately goes into somebody's salary. These are very good middle class jobs. Would you rather spend it on even more unemployment checks and weapons? Is that a better use of that money than to support a strong middle class with peaceful, hard working people?
@lepidoptera9337 now that you are all done talking about yourself.
Because there's no such thing as super symmetry or a super symmetry particle! They've never EVER discovered one. But, typically, you are ready to bankrupt a small nation to build an ever larger collider,
Looking for a particle that doesn't exist. Sorry, winky..
It's brainwashed butt heads like you holding taxpayers by the throat.
Don't respond, nobody cares, especially about your next self indulgent tirade and ego exploration.
@lepidoptera9337 super symmetry doesn't exist, collision produces fragments. Waste of tax payer dollars, your ego is testament to your ignorance. Your private members club is based on lies.
@@lepidoptera9337 none of that means anything.
FT YT moderators
@@hermosafieldsforever4782 It means that I am an intelligent person and you are not. Now you can go back to drinking. ;-)
Interesting as always!
Will Mrs. Sabine H. approve? 😀
Nobody cares.
Particle accelerators are built so physicists are distracted and led down a garden path when the answers are freely given by Nature in a magnet, electricity and all forms of light behaviour, to name a few.
Here's all you need to know (broad brush): gravitons move in pairs of two opposing flavours of 'tubes' into the oscillation (misnomer Higg's boson), which is formed by twin intra oscillating toroid topology formed by two opposite and separate parts that eventually merge as neutrinos (dininos). Oscillations convert gravitons into photons, three of which exist as part of a proton collection to form a triangle of photon interactions conversion to proto magnetic particles (pmp) in three directions on the plane of the oscillations and two opposing directions perpendicular to the oscillation plane. The pmp moving on the plane go between the oscillations through most dense dinino field and acquire that particle to form a trtron (magnetic field particle) of extreme curl hence forming a quark by virtue of its toroid topological trajectory, and upon departure is responsible for the strong force.
The twin perpendicular and opposite trajectory of up and down pmp traverses through a lesser dense field of dininos and hence travels further to form a weaker quark which is composed of magnetic field particles which manifest as electrons upon the shedding of a neutrino.
Well that's the general picture; now you can work out the rest of the details so you can make technology to generate free energy, antigravity craft, visit the dinosaurs, regenerate your body cells to be sweet 16 again and explore the cosmos as an inorganic being not needing to fart ever again.
If it was that simple....
@marcoflumino Calling it simple when you do not even understand it!?
If you understood it you would make a constructive statement that addressed what I have written.
With your response I cannot be certain that you read what I wrote, which would not be your fault.
Hence, always quote the writer's words so that it is known that you read what was written.
Never trust digital media in all its forms.
I wonder, since I am a Astrophysicist and an Astronomer, I understand very well what you wrote, what I dispute is the easy part, if that was easy everyone would be a scientist! So peg down you vanity Einstein! And since your majesty is so intelligent and it is so easy for you, why you did not invented or solved all our energy problems and the rest? Get a life...
@@JerryMlinarevic So why haven't you claimed your Nobel Prize yet? Oh yeah. that's right, you have no idea what you're talking about. Anyone can speak pseudoscience. Where's the math?
@EnglishMike Copy and paste what I wrote and we'll call it a day.
Thanks.
thanks a lot of.
Space Squirrels? Pretty sure its the space cats 😂
Yt comments on Fermilab vids are the funniest. Except this one. I'm just a nerd.
So, space chipmunks are really a threat?
No. But those transdimensional ones are a real problem.
Thank you for defending the planet against transdimensional chipmunks... Uh, I mean swamp gas.
Dynamic Gravity now explains everything in physics. What are electrons, what are neutrinos, what is time, what is gravity, how universe began, how it ends, how large it is, it shape, what is fine structure constant, and what causes the antimatter crises. Oh and it perfectly calculates gravity, dark matter, and dare energy with the same formula perectly with observation. Just ask these clowns at Fermilab why the string theroist gatekeepers won't let you hear about it, they would know that, but not much else.
Baloney. Where's the math?
8:12 - Rule 1 of the Internet: Don’t believe everything on the Internet.
great
Things that particle accelerators cannot do:
Find supersymmetry
Find strings
Find dark matter
How do you know?
@EnglishMike the past 50 years of accelerator measurements giving null results on al these researches
To keep the Sophons busy of course.
I'm not getting amnestitized this time!
Yall are doing a great job. I can confirm i havent been attacked by any transdimesional chipmunks, so keep up the great work guys! 😂 ❤
Sabine Hossenfelder says that particle physics is a waste of time /s
And Trump said he will stop the Ukraine war in one day. I know, that's considerably less funny.
Your intern a DEI hire?
Fermilab interns are uniformly brilliant. If they're not, they don't get hired.
You do realize the intern in the story is just a plot device, right? And the chipmunks aren't real either.
huh? how did I get here? I was in the lunchroom...
I prefer pangalactic transdimensional ninja space whales from outer space.
I would love a deep dive on (3), but you knew that from my PfP. How did we figure out there were 3 main quarks in a proton (and neutron!)? And a bunch of sea (anti)quarks? How did we nail down their fractional charges? Why don't we have balloon animal like pictures of quark orbitals as we do with atoms? And spin....e.g. "the proton spin crisis"...what and how?