Quark-gluon plasma Explained - Ep. 1/2
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- Опубликовано: 8 фев 2025
- What is quark-gluon plasma and why is it so interesting?
Episode one introduces this unique state of matter, that filled the Universe 10 microseconds after the Big Bang and can now be studied in accelerators using collisions of heavy ions. Episode two is planned for mid-December.
Watch Episode 2 here: • Quark-gluon plasma Exp...
This was awesome, please--more!! This was so well done. Thank you!!
More in books. Study friend!
Spectacular job ! It’s so hard to make this so clear. Standing ovation! I hope CERN makes more of these so that more people understand the essential research happening at CERN
Amazing video explaining it so simply! Can’t wait for part 2!
this was clearest and most concise presentation I've seen. Can't wait for part two.
Can't wait for part 2. Really enjoyed it.
This is the kind of videos that explains complex subjects in a easy to grasp way. Kudos!!!
Bro the amount of math that was involved in the last century to figure out all this stuff n make it look so simple yet factual to us is amazing this truly is the best video I've seen about matter i finally understand mass and space and energy
It is a mesmerizing process indeed and thanks for the incredible presentation.
Indeed, more please. Nice job!
The best explainer of what quark gluon plasma actually is. Good visuals helped make it easier to understand fundamentally speaking
Amazing video! Great animations and explanations. More please
Very very interesting information. For the longest time, I took plasma for granted, for whatever it is, but not knowing what it is.
Thanks for the educational entertainment and keep up the good work.
Thank you for this great explanation! You are a perfect teacher.
I had a curiosity when I was young. I started with “relativity for dummies”. I can now grasp the universe on a sub atomic level. Thanks cern and thank you to everybody else who shares their knowledge freely.
This was exceptionally well explained to a lay-man like me. Kudos and thank you for that!!
I appreciate your analogies in your explanation . They really helped
Amazing video! You've made understanding these complex topics easier and fun.
Wow, this one was exceptionally well explained, thank you
Really enjoyed the demonstration- especially how mass converts to energy- quarks repeatedly smashing into one another at high velocities, causing enough energy to be converted into another quark due to quark confinement, This process repeating hundreds of times to generate rare particles. This indeed is amazing
WE NEED MOR!!! This was such a well done video, fermi labs watch out! 😊
Incredible sir, my life long doubts are now cleared.
Excellent content. Great visualizations, but his explanation was perfection.
As clear as to be understood by my little grandson ! Loved it ! ❤🎉😊
Magnificent! More from this presenter, please!
Excellent and amazing explanation!!
Wow. Thanks for simplifying this. Great presentation.
Very interesting !! 🚀🚀
I really learnt something there - I'm not sure exactly what - but I did !
I shall be studying episode 2 closely for full enlightenment 😜
I loved This class!
The intro to this is really cool
Great talk. Thanks for the brilliant visualization. You say not the Higgs, but I choose to see this as being entirely about the Higgs Field where it is a loop string energy medium which is energised by the presence of matter entirely at the Higgs/Quark interaction boundary. I speculate that the linear string energy inside Quarks is able to operate at above light speed as there is Higgs loop energy inside the quark to limit that speed. The only thing that limits that energy operating speed is the dynamics of the confinement space. The intense Higgs energy of the nucleus dissipates away from the nucleus by the square of the distance to produce the Gravitational effect as matter moves towards the highest Higgs Field energy space driven by the the Higgs Field energy intensity gradient. Ie matter is not magically not drawn together, each matter nucleus pushes itself towards other matter nucleii pushing against the lowest Higgs Field energy of deep space. The reason why this is so stable is because the energy state of loop strings can’t be short circuited, the energy can’t be bled away and dissipated.
That works for me, but I eagerly await part 2.
Love this video. Please make more.
Great job
Fantastic video . Thank you
Loved it! I hope one day to be able to visit CERN.
Excellent video
very nice very interesting. my favorite episode from cern so far
I keep wondering if quarks and gluons are the end of the ladder or if they themself are made from even smaller instances.
I love this guy.. well made, good job ! Thanks !
Don Lincoln of Fermi National Labs believes that quarks are not fundamental particles.
Well and clearly explained! 👍
Very interesting
Thanks for the Particle Physics 101 lecture
végre egy érthető magyarázat. köszi
Thank you for the clear explanation.
Thank you 🙏🙏🙏❤❤❤
Waitin for episode 2
I am very glad to see that CERN has a channel.I will be following it.However I hope you are available other than RUclips.I am bombarded by Ads. that RUclips knows are scams they must be sued.
nice finally some science for the masses
Very nice
That graphic of particles using potential energy to appear, blew away the 'Physics Girl' version from years ago. Particles just popping into existence? Not quite. E really does equal MC^2!
The unified interaction (i.e., the primordial interaction) that supposedly existed at the beginning of the universe must still operate today over short distances, creating links between electric charge, color charge, mass, and smell.
amazing
Neat! Maybe we can explain the planes popping in and out of the sky sometime.
amazing vid
Holy shit, that was a good video.
Brilliant
What a cliffhanger. At the end I was wondering “But how do you know you made a quark-gluon plasma?”. Guess I’ll have to wait and see.
The strange thing is that only quarks are subject to the strong interaction and they are not observable as free. It can be compared to a spring that you want to break into two parts and instead you create another spring and your work (effort) has been consumed to create the strong interaction.
Extraordinaire
So when you pulled the quark and anti-quark apart and you created two new quarks, where did the energy to do this come from?
I'd like to learn more about quark gluon dynamics inside nucleons.
I must have missed the memo. In all my years of studying physics, I was lead to believe that the strong nuclear force only operates over extremely short distances. This video is the first time anyone has ever said that the strong nuclear force is a constant. Can you explain this? Will you provide the equation for the strong nuclear force?
great thank you
NICELYdone. 🙂
Nice contrast to Don L of FermiLab. I like this presentation better.
Excellent video! I've never had the quark-gluon plasma and the strong force explained so clearly. It would be interesting to know some more about the characteristics of the Q-G plasma. Does it act like a Bose-Einstein state? If so, would it have an entropy value of 1 (which might explain the relatively low entropy at the beginning of the universe)? Subscribing now and looking forward to Part 2.
Three quarks tightly packed in a space represent our pursuit to understand matter. We must define this enigmatic space to leverage the quarks in our identification efforts. Recognizing the complexities of densely packed quarks highlights the need for structured frameworks that guide our inquiry. These frameworks enhance our understanding of particle interactions and help us avoid existential pitfalls about the universe's nature. As we deepen our knowledge of physics, the synergy of imagination and rigor will continue to shed light on the fascinating structures of reality.
Loved the explanation, but there is a more deeper mechanism for motion and energy of quarks and gluons.
Perfect youtube short(s)...
It seems today I clearly find that how mass comes to existence and made whole universe fantastic
So in the early moments of the universe, when matter and antimatter pairs popped in and out of existence annihilating each other, how many neutrinos (percentage of the total mass of the matter in the universe) could have been produced, and escaped/dispersed, while photons were still confined buy the stupidly high density and temperature shoving stuff they couldn't just go through in their path.
I know they might be "light", but there might have been a lot, considering other particles would have been stopped by their neighbors until everything cooled down enough.
Billiant !!!
Also need bosseinsten condensate and fermionic condensate
Very “discerning”! 😅
Well done Piotr and team! Great presentation! Intuitive verbal explanations accompanied by nice graphics. Not bad “glass wall” writing as well! ;-)
10:38 The only phase transition? The CMB is our last look at hydrogen plasma as it transitioned to a neutral gas. I always thought of it as proton/electron soup, but I am now remembering hydrogen gas is molecular: H2, so was it a singly ionized hydrogen molecule / electron soup...(which has notation H11 / e- or H2+ / e-?) or something more complicated? If so, when did the atomic hydrogens bind to form molecular hydrogen???
When it was all plasma, it was too hot for hydrogen molecules to exist, so it was just H+ and e-. As it cooled, neutral hydrogen atoms formed first, while hydrogen molecules formed very soon after that, because the temperature range where you can have neutral hydrogen atoms without any hydrogen molecules is fairly narrow. At this point the gas/plasma would be a mix of H, H+, H2, H2+, and e-. As it continues to cool you get a larger and larger fraction of neutral molecules, but there will still be some ions and unbonded atoms here and there.
@@nzuckman so this where I'm confused. 13.8 eV is 160,000K, while 2.72K x (z=1100) = 3,000K...so which is it?
@@DrDeuteron The ionization energy of hydrogen doesn't exactly correspond to the ionization temperature of neutral hydrogen, it's only a characteristic energy that sets the scale for that temperature. The math that goes into calculating ionization fractions is a little hairy, but look up the Saha ionization equation and that'll get you started. To answer your question, the ionization temperature increases with density, but the universe had a very low density when the CMB formed so you can still have a large ionization fraction at temperatures much less than 13.8 eV.
@@nzuckman order of magnitude. no, that's funny. I had a problem at work "would radar altimeters work on mars in exhaust plume of spirit/oppy". OoM says no, they say "Dr D, figure it out". I go home, tell Lady D, she's like, "Duh that's the Saha eq.". I show up, drop the Saha and the numbers (it works), and am a hero, and forever have the reputation of being the hardcore physics hitter in the Mars Mafia.
Thank you for this series. Does the change occur at the Planck constant?
Thank u sir
Great, but small issue. @10:18, he says, _”at 10 microseconds (presumably ‘after Big Bang’), all matter visible today was squeezed into a sphere with a RADIUS of about 50 Km.”_
But his diagram shows a sphere with a DIAMETER of 50 Km, which would make the radius about 25 Km.
Not enough communication between the physicist & the graphics department that generated the visuals.
Alternatively, in astrophysics “factors of 2” are often sufficient accuracy.
I guess no matter how many people check something a stupid error is bound to slip through... (in this case the physicist was also the graphics departament so it wasn't a communication problem lol). Good catch, thanks!
Nothing new to me, but great video nevertheless. I'm sharing it places.
A tachyon is just a gluon that hasn’t quite dried yet.
Quite remarkable it is that CERN is building its own source of funds instead of relying on the governments.
Is it possible that quarks are places where the gluons are physically entangled with other gluons, like a rope tangled with another rope? In other words, are quarks and gluons parts of the same thing?
If Physicists describe electrons as point particles with no volume, where is the mass of the particle?
Can one extra spatial dimension produce a geometric explanation of the 1/2 spin of electrons? The following is an extension of the old Kaluza-Klein theory. Can a twisted 3D 4D soliton containing one extra spatial dimension help solve some of the current problems in Particle Physics?
What do the Twistors of Roger Penrose and the Geometric Unity of Eric Weinstein and the exploration of one extra spatial dimension by Lisa Randall and the "Belt Trick" of Paul Dirac have in common? Is the following idea a “Quantized” model related to the “Vortex Theory” proposed by Maxwell and others during the 19th century? Has the concept of the “Aether” been resurrected from the dead and relabeled as the “Higgs Field”?
In Spinors it takes two complete turns to get down the "rabbit hole" (Alpha Funnel 3D--->4D) to produce one twist cycle (1 Quantum unit).
Can both Matter and Energy be described as "Quanta" of Spatial Curvature? (A string is revealed to be a twisted cord when viewed up close.) Mass= 1/Length, with each twist cycle of the 4D Hypertube proportional to Planck’s Constant.
In this model Alpha equals the compactification ratio within the twistor cone, which is approximately 1/137.
1= Hypertubule diameter at 4D interface
137= Cone’s larger end diameter at 3D interface where the photons are absorbed or emitted.
The 4D twisted Hypertubule gets longer or shorter as twisting or untwisting occurs. (720 degrees per twist cycle.)
If quarks have not been isolated and gluons have not been isolated, how do we know they are not parts of the same thing? The tentacles of an octopus and the body of an octopus are parts of the same creature.
Is there an alternative interpretation of "Asymptotic Freedom"? What if Quarks are actually made up of twisted tubes which become physically entangled with two other twisted tubes to produce a proton? Instead of the Strong Force being mediated by the constant exchange of gluons, it would be mediated by the physical entanglement of these twisted tubes. When only two twisted tubules are entangled, a meson is produced which is unstable and rapidly unwinds (decays) into something else. A proton would be analogous to three twisted rubber bands becoming entangled and the "Quarks" would be the places where the tubes are tangled together. The behavior would be the same as rubber balls (representing the Quarks) connected with twisted rubber bands being separated from each other or placed closer together producing the exact same phenomenon as "Asymptotic Freedom" in protons and neutrons. The force would become greater as the balls are separated, but the force would become less if the balls were placed closer together. Therefore, the gluon is a synthetic particle (zero mass, zero charge) invented to explain the Strong Force. The "Color Force" is a consequence of the XYZ orientation entanglement of the twisted tubules. The two twisted tubule entanglement of Mesons is not stable and unwinds. It takes the entanglement of three twisted tubules to produce the stable proton. The term “entanglement” in this case is analogous to three twisted ropes being wrapped around each other in a way which causes all of the ropes to move if someone pulls one of the ropes. Does the phenomenon of “Asymptotic Freedom” provide evidence that this concept is the correct interpretation of the experimental data now available?
Makes sense to me
Can you explain the difference between the steak nachos #5 and the grilled steak nachos #7 ????
CERN is the authority of speaking of particles.
Never expected Jason Momoa to teach us High Energy Physics 😮
Two questions. 1). Why don't a quark and an antiquark that form a meson annihilate each other?
2). "You cannot free a quark". But what about top quarks? their half life is so short that they decay before forming any hadron
😢Obrigado🎉🎉🎉🎉 😮vou ver a partes disso tudo😅
No meu passado eu vi vídeos de uma pessoa parecida com você, se chamava Nassim ( lembro disso, é você? ). 😁
If ninety percent of the mass is produced by the kinetic energy contained in the quarks, then the remaining ten percent of the mass may be produced by the collisions of the quark kinetic energy with the Higgs bosons, these collisions may also be responsible for the inertia of mass by resisting the motion of any mass by impacts with the nucleolus of atoms by a force in the opposite direction to the movement of the mass. The impacts of the accelerated nucleus with Higgs bosons slowing down mass. These collisions might even cause a Higgs boson energy deflection ninety degrees in the areas surrounding matter creating a localized increased gradient of Higgs bosons field surrounding the nucleus, which may be responsible for gravity, and adding mass to the nucleus due to some Higgs bosons being held in place around the nucleus by the strong nuclear force.
Very good presentation, but I have a few questions: Physics do not understand the mechanism of attraction. (Polarity too) - For example nobody knows why two opposite magnets attract each other. For this "Reason" physics has invented "Gluons". If you understand Kinetics you will know that "Exchange" of particles can produce repulsion, but not Attraction! QM also postulating that there is no such things as "solid" particles, but waves - (circular oscillating energy levels) - (See the photo of electron) So... the wave functions of Quarks is just 2% of Proton Mass. My question is: How "They" can "Compress" Protons and non-existing "Gluons" together? Is the Picture shown is not something complete different and non-known to Physics?
Why does one ALWAYS SAYS, it expands AND SO it cools down. What does actually happen to say the matter cools down? Atoms are still moving with their K E?
Do you dare to make a gravitational laser using the Higgs boson))?
The answer to electrons. The only thing that makes sense with electrons as being the smallest possible and size varied smallest is that its a wrapped smallest on size of other part8cle as elctr0ns are empty spaces on possible sizes bound on at8ms in it's frequency as energy leaves other part8cles or transfers on other from other from making moving wrappings on them selfs with other frequencies of energy as mass bound c9llected that is pressing compressing unpressing conpressing all that availble on its available states of being as whatever it can as matter can of various s8zes and states possible and electrons are states of wrapped in between possibilities and collapsing states and all that and available space of energy as its so tiny it is wrapping it spaces of at9ms allowing it since its smallest in voids of smallest possible in between all other particles space of having a negatively sized unrapped at the same time as it all is wrapping itself and bounding to atomic levels and so on. Electrons are empty varied in size frequencies wrapping as that only sort of like tiny lenses as wrapped producing and carrying flow of frequncy from energy on them self as that wrapped frequency lenses which can be in between all everything and its decaying energy states of atomic mass as well but its in between of it all its like eg for fun example but earth made most basic general almost like lol :) grease or oil in well oiled transmission its mechan8cal and electrons are that oil space that lets things glide. Electrons arw that space and they react on spin and unspin and attract to them selfs as its allowed from compressions and decompression on fields of energy on creating electrons as that wrapping of empty space in between in all frequncies wrappings in spaces allowed as on smallest scale as sort of each electron is allowed to become that smalest in between state as negatively charged as it wants to go flat out solid staright line of 0 possible frequency but that's another story that's further out of our reach. What does CERN think about that?
Yeah but the distinction isn't warranted. They're the same intermedium. microparticular, molecular or hypergalactic, each harbours charge separation, as James Webb Space Telescope has shown.
I love when particles interact via a force of nature that makes it impossible to observe those particles in isolation 🤪
it is kinda weird. I mean: why?
@DrDeuteron because Murray Gell-Mann pretty much bullied everyone into thinking this is the only viable model of nuclear particles 🥴
TLDR: soup grain finer, soup soupier
“… pop into existence” - from where?
So basically what he's really saying is that; over a decade since the discovery of the Higgs boson an despite the unending hype CERN still hasn't discovered anything else that's new or even particularly interesting ?
🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉
Is plasma not created by heat
+4
Plasma is created when enough energy is added to a gas, causing electrons to be ripped away from their atoms, resulting in a collection of free electrons and positively charged ions, essentially turning the gas into a partially ionized "soup" of charged particles; this process is called ionization and is typically achieved through high temperatures or strong electromagnetic fields.
Key points about plasma creation:
Heat is the primary method:
Most commonly, plasma is created by heating a gas to extremely high temperatures, which provides the energy needed to strip electrons from the atoms.
Electromagnetic fields:
Applying strong electric or magnetic fields can also ionize a gas and create plasma.
Examples of plasma creation:
Stars: The immense heat within stars generates plasma.
Lightning: The high voltage in a lightning bolt ionizes air molecules, creating plasma.
Fluorescent lights: Electric current passing through a gas in a fluorescent bulb creates plasma.
Neon signs: Similar to fluorescent lights, neon signs utilize plasma created by electricity passing through a neon gas.
You have been replaced LOL 🤣 completely laughable and thank you for being such a good person 😊 Be safe 🙏 you are the straits of the 😊 higgs boson particle wow numbers I said the wow signal came from somewhere else haha we need to talk to MUSC about this well that wasn't spelled correctly but I think you get the idea😂
So they aren't a nuclear force. Just an interaction
That’s what a force is…
ah not a otamatone play video