Overview of Cell Structure
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- Опубликовано: 28 июн 2024
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SCIENCE ANIMATION TRANSCRIPT: [music] Cells are the smallest living units of an organism. All cells have three things in common, no matter what type of cell they are. All cells have a cell membrane which separates the inside of the cell from its environment. Cytoplasm, which is a jelly-like fluid, and DNA, which is the cell's genetic material. There are two broad categories of cells. The first category is eukaryotic cells. They have organelles which include the nucleus and other special parts. Eukaryotic cells are more advanced complex cells such as those found in plants and animals. The second category is prokaryotic cells. They don't have a nucleus or membrane-enclosed organelles. They do have genetic material, but it's not contained within a nucleus. Prokaryotic cells are always one-celled or unicellular organisms, such as bacteria. [music] So, what are organelles? Organelle means little organ. Organelles are the specialized parts of a cell that have unique jobs to perform. Let's start with the nucleus, the control center of the cell. The nucleus contains DNA, or genetic material. DNA dictates what the cell is going to do and how it's going to do it. Chromatin is the tangled spread out form of DNA found inside the nuclear membrane. When a cell is ready to divide, DNA condenses into structures known as chromosomes. [music] The nucleus also contains a nucleolus, which is a structure where ribosomes are made. After ribosomes leave the nucleus, they will have the important job of synthesizing, or making, proteins. [music] Outside the nucleus, the ribosomes and the rest of the organelles float around in cytoplasm, which is the jelly-like substance. Ribosomes may wander freely within the cytoplasm or attach to the endoplasmic reticulum, sometimes abbreviated as ER. There are two types of ER. Rough ER has ribosomes attached to it. And smooth ER doesn't have ribosomes attached to it. The endoplasmic reticulum is a membrane-enclosed passageway for transporting materials such as the protein synthesized by ribosomes. Proteins and other materials emerge from the endoplasmic reticulum in small vesicles where the Golgi apparatus, sometimes called the Golgi body, receives them. As proteins move through the Golgi body, they are customized into forms that the cell can use. The Golgi body does this by folding the proteins into useable shapes or adding other materials onto them such as lipids or carbohydrates. Vacuoles are sack-like structures that store different materials. Here in this plant cell, the central vacuole stores water. [music] Going back to the animal cell, you will see an organelle called a lysosome. Lysosomes are the garbage collectors that take in damaged or worn out cell parts. They are filled with enzymes that break down the cellular debris. The mitochondrion is an organelle that is the powerhouse for both animal and plant cells. During a process called cellular respiration, the mitochondria make ATP molecules that provide the energy for all of the cells activities. Cells that need more energy have more mitochondria. [music] Meanwhile, the cell maintains its shape through a cytoskeleton. The cytoskeleton includes the thread-like microfilaments which are made of protein, and microtubules which are thin, hollow tubes. Some organisms such as plants that are photoautotrophic, meaning they capture sunlight for energy, have cells with an organelle called a chloroplast. The chloroplast is where photosynthesis happens. It's green because it has a green pigment called chlorophyll. Plant cells also have a cell wall outside of their cell membranes that shape, support, and protect the plant cell. Animal cells never have a cell wall. There are many other unique structures that only some cells have. Here are just a few. In humans, for example, the respiratory tract is lined with cells that have cilia. These are microscopic, hair-like projections that can move in waves. This feature helps trap inhaled particles in the air and expels them when you cough. Another unique feature in some cells is flagella. Some bacteria have flagella. A flagellum is like a little tail that can help a cell move or propel itself. The only human cell that has a flagellum is a sperm cell. In summary, remember, eukaryotic cells are plant and animal cells with a nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles. While prokaryotic cells are unicellular organisms without these things. All cells have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and genetic material. And even though only plant cells have chloroplast, both plant and animal cells have mitochondria. [music]
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Very well explained and illustrated. Things are getting clearer and I know what a cell is now. Keep uploading videos like this, we truly appreciate them.
Bro u are so underrated your videos makes biology look so easy
Really useful to the neet aspirants 🔥The animation is ultimate to understand ☄️you guys made the whole lsn in one animation🔥,thank you ♥️
aur neet kaisa gya
This is the best video on this topic I have seen. Brilliant!
You deserves an award! Excellent video!
the videos are soo clear and easy to understand . thank you please never stop teaching
I have been watching many biology videos, and this is one of the first that I have understood. Thank You So Much!
Same here 😅
You don't have idea how much this helped me
What a video !! It helps me a lot, i revised my whole chapter in just one video ,thanks for making this video and countinue making this type of videos❤
❤❤😊😊😊😊
I'm so in love with all these videos! that cilia movement part is so cute! thanks a lot!
Abiiii😂😂
السلام عليكم ،أود شكرك على مجهودك الجميل لتوصيل المعلومة بطريقة اكتر وضوحاا
Sensational!
I find, the only thing in your movies missing are the credits.
Less attached after every clip - I personally find the logo part yet to long - I would like to see the creative minds behind your work in the channel description or even a making of.
Anyway, thanks a lot!
Amazing videos with fantastic animation…..truly wonder videos
One of the best content form RUclips…….Thank you people
I am based in the UK and at the start of my GCSE course. If this is available within the college this would really help with my studies. Maybe your company can contact some of the UK schools and colleges and offer your services. This is a really useful video and if you offer a student version for GCSE Biology please provide the weblink. :)
I like your class.Please do other videos about human physiology.... I expect so. Your class is very interested. Its more useful for us.
friend 😒iu
This is awesome..I mean I don't need to reed a whole lot of bulky notes for me to understand all about Biology...This is enough.. please don't stop doing this
This video makes my interest in Biology, thanks for your priceless efforts sir 😊
We want more and more videos like this!
so easy to understand with the visual aid and the straight-to-the-point explanation! thank you so much!
Do prokaryotic cells have membrane?
I've no words to rate your video! Best animated video ever! 💖💖
Oh, my God..... What a beautiful presentation !!!!
Finally, a video I can learn from, made easy......thank you so much🙏
I am using all these videos for Class explain..nice video
Wow. 1st Tim I'm understanding crystal clear concepts
Thanks for your hard work on this ☺️
I love your animations are always so complete !!!! keep with the work
best video to exist. thank you so much for this! God bless
Keep doing this ever since I knew about cells I was interested and the animation you do is awesome. Keep it up 👍 ❤
Thank you so much for making this video I need this for my exam.
Literally.... Excellent work...
I am using this video to study for my upcoming quiz because I'm a visual learner! Thank you!
You and your channel is best sir .thank you for explaining it in marvellous way sir .💖💖💖
Wonderful videos for study helped me deepen my studies here in Brazil.
Very nice sir........
No words for your hardwork.......
So grateful for these animations! Helps with Bio class !
Excellent content!
Sir your videos are fantastic
The animation is excellent 😮
Wow 👏😮this channel is a really good biology learning program 👏👌good luck 👍
Outstanding! Thank you and God bless you.
Such a nice video sir. Thank you very much.
Such a helpful video 👏thanks sir.🙏
Please make a detailed and animated video on tissue,organ and organ system.
Op keep it up and make animation about cell organelles types and structure and function
Very informative video! ❤
Shout out to the camera man 🫡
Dude these are only hypothetical things
Amazing!! really helpful to understand microscopic concepts
Crazy good video
Maravilhoso vídeo, muito obrigada, sou estudante de enfermagem no Brasil me ajudou mudo para mais entendimento, gratidão e sucesso.
Very helpful video.
Really useful to learn Biology
Nice explanation 👍thank you
Fascinating...
Superb 💯.
I salute you the team in making such an excellent video.
Even the narrators voice is a godsend 🙏.
Please keep these types of video coming!
Sir really can't explain how helpful it is ❤great work keep doing
thank you for this information 😊😊
Good stuff. Thank you
Such a beautiful explaination,,👍bravo animation, i dont have words for such a nice video😊 thank you so much ! And keep it up 👍
What is ATP as mentioned when talking about the mitochondria
Equally fascinating and terrifying at the sametime.
Very detailed
Really interesting teaching thanks for this animation videos🙏🙏
Thank you for helping
This animation is so cool❤
Wow! Amazing!
I've had difficulties in understanding the cell physiology but this is really my answer ❤❤well explained
How do the atoms know where to go to produce the cell and everything within?
Cell signalling via the endocrine system. This is where hormones come in
I really like this, Interesting and make me understand ❤❤
better than my textbooks. thank you
you Are Good Teacher With Animation
thank you very much. i really like this video.
Thanks a lot. keep it up.
I have an exam this afternoon I. Physiology. Thank you :)
Plz make a video on parts of Atom
Very Good Experience 😃
This video is a legend
thank you so much!
organs have tissue system hence tissues and cells too then how can organelles have tissue system since u called them little organs?
Thanks very much
im doing my 9th grade and this information is really has really helped me understand plant and animal cell👍👍👊
Шикарная анимация 👍
Animations put great background information and enjoyment to videos. Here, you have your own qualities, so please use your techniques to make future videos. I shall support your organisation through youtube today. 😊
What software did u use for making animation
سبحانك ربي آمنت أنه لا إله إلا أنت سبحانك 🌹🌷
You are the best channel 😩💜💜💜
Topic is very interesting! 😀
Ty😊
Incredible Nature
thankyou ❤GOD BLESS YOU
It's really good animations vedio sir thnx u
Thanks 👍
Thank you!🙂💗🙏🌼🌹🌻🌷
That is the most beautiful thing I have ever watched
Hii
@@SAYAN1428 hi…?
Much obliged❤
How to make this type of animation
if we could only have such videos 20 years ago instead of boring lessons with teachers who didn't really care to educate you or not. I was always excited with biology at high school, i remember i had to write for second time a test alone because the teacher thought i cheated the first time. Was about the morphology of the cells! Ι remember ευκαριωτικά ones as we call them in greek were my favourites cause of the complex while the προκαρυωτικά were the boring ones!
Did they not really care, or were old teachers just regular humans getting by with information they had access to at the time?
@@Fido-vm9zi in general the educational system in Greece has many faults including many teachers with low wages, which leads to not serious teaching towards students by the teachers/system. For example it's mandatory to pay for private lessons outside school if you really want to aim for good grades on important lessons such as maths/physics/chemistry because school educational system is for garbage.
Thank u so much sir.
Very good
This is amazing
Nature is indeed beautiful 😯😯
Thanks