Thank you MinuteEarth for such a great video! I work in this field (Natural Products Chemistry) looking at the medicinal compounds of marine invertebrates and this is a great representation of this field. Keep up the great work!
Another interesting topic would be: how are these chemicals extracted? How do they go from being used in a bacteria to being used in a pill? Or they analyzed and then synthetically produced, or naturally “harvested”?
im working as pharmacist and i can say its not that simple. out of 10.000 chemicals compound, probably around 1 or 2 are feasible for pharmaceutical use. this research alone usually takes around +10 years and cost around 10 million USD.
Great question! Since many types of life have some basic components in common - like the way their cells grow, divide and interact - compounds that evolved to defend against one biological target are also likely to be effective against others. So a compound that evolved to, say, inhibit cell division to deter or harm some threatening organism could potentially also inhibit the way cancerous cells divide. -Kate
Going off of what MinuteEarth said (which is true): these cancer drugs that inhibit cell division are especially effective for cancer because, by their very nature, cancer cells divide a lot more than most of our regular cells do. However, there are always exceptions in biology. Some of our normal cells divide often like cancer cells and are therefore affected by the cancer drugs. That's why patients might suffer some nasty side effects during chemotherapy (e.g. nausea, skin damage, etc.).
Thanks. However, it's unclear to me why those side effects would be any different for plant-derived anticancer drugs which also seem to affect any dividing cell equally: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3614754/figure/F1/
Sorry, so would a cell growth inhibitor not have the same side effect on healthy rapidly dividing cells (e.g. intestinal epithelium) as a traditional chemotherapy drug?
i think antibiotic or antimicrobe that bacteria pump out have another purpose. Some journal say it used for signaling neighbor microbe with chemical substance rather than killing them.
I remember years ago I chose some random drugs, and looked at their synthesis. And the synthesis of what they're made from. And the synthesis of THOSE chemicals. Until I got to the chemical backbone of the drugs. So to speak. They always came from some sort of petroleum byproduct. The ones that didn't were processed and concentrated from plants.
They're probably battling ON your feet too. ;) Our bodies play host to millions of bacteria and fungi that live on and in us. Even if you don't have, say, athlete's foot, chances are that the particular fungus that causes it is living on your feet right now. It's just that it's kept in check by the other micro-organisms living on your skin, all of whom exist in perfect balance so that no one species overwhelms the others and grows to a point where it becomes a problem.
And it’s more than medicine, too. For example, coffee trees create caffeine to poison insects, but for much larger humans, it’s just a minor stimulant.
What's really funny is that people tend to ignore so darned many of these chemical weapons, even when plants pump em out specifically to stop bigger animals from hoeing down. Such as mint
Hello Kate, Emily and minute earth, I like all your videos. I like everything about ants. Can you please do a video on what happens when an ant lost its track?
From what I read on google, it just dies. Ants mostly protect themselves with numbers so if one gets lost it is a free snack for whatever happens to be nearby. The ant just wanders around until it finds its home or dies
We should get rid of the current education system and instead replace them with a "movie" like experience, where all the students get like ridiculously comfy chairs, a big screen with everyone in front of it, popcorn or snacks of any kind with drinks, and just play minute earth and minute physics videos. Guarantee you this, whatever the official number is for the amount of students that succeed through their lives will skyrocket compared to how it has been. An 8 year old could watch this and learn without confusion. This world is very far behind where it could already be, people like the people here at minute earth are what we need.
Like the so useful Metmorfin; that has made life easier and saved so many lives for diabetic patients. And was nearly lost to humanity because the plant that naturally makes it was extinct in it's natural habitat, but was found on private gardens. And now the drug can be produced synthetically.
And there are also many organisms that we have identified AND put to medicinal use WITH GREAT RESULTS that most people don't know about(especially in the US) and are DENIED FDA trials; some are randomly (or is it?) deemed "dangerous".
Manikandan sampath Natural or not, all drugs (and pretty much everything we put on the body, including regular food) have side effect. The art of medicine is figuring out those side effects and weighing the risk-benefit for treating a patient.
Evaluation is not blind. Fungus (and all life) use resources gathered to best suite their needs. Purposefully. Even if that means evolving chemicals to ward off threats. Perfect mutation is what leaves me to believe it is not random.
medicine; precisely why cultural appropriation is a good thing. In a free society, we take the best ideas and add them to our arsenal. If we can co-opt biological mechanisms from other regions (or the use of local plants as treatment for specific ailments), why not co-opt food from other regions to supply our varied dietary needs? why not co-opt ritualistic behaviors like a hearty breakfast, brushing your teeth, therapeutic music and dance, and wearing protective clothes? why should culture take exception to this adaptive roulette we call life?
According to a homeless heroin user recently released felon panhandler who insisted on talking to me at McDonald's last week, he was where drugs were coming from before he was in jail. It was kind of hard to tell where he got them from, but he was the middleman trucking them from somewhere. And he was a heroin addict and he told me heroin addicts will betray _anyone_ to get their heroin. It was interesting to listen to but I left anyway, and have avoided the place since then in case he gets desperate. Everyone, please watch my little nature videos. There is no talking in them. Shhh!
Every time my mom puts a banana in my lunch its smell and taste gets somehow infused with the rest of the lunch. If you could make a video explaining this that would be great. Thanks!
Before making & using drugs, we should start by breefing well, sleeping well, drinking well, eating well. And there is a big problem with this last one : our FOODS are too poor in micronutriments, especially minerals, because the agricultural lands are dead : lack of faune & flores inside the earth, mineral reserve are very low. Fruits, vegetables, cereals look good, taste good, but are very poor in oligo-elements.
I don't know about you but I get 'em from Johnny down the street
The Ace Of Spades you probably should keep it to yourself...
I know Johnny, he is actually a fun-guy
I grow my own.
My guy names is Jeffrey, hes this nice blok down the road.
Johnny is a rip off, go to Tim instead. He’s a block over.
Should have called it "Medicine" half the junkies down here got excited about knowing where does their dealer get it from :D
Shit Multiverse Don't pretend you didn't get the point, it makes you look stupid
Dave 😂😂😂
I love the bacteria with a stink pair of socks. :P
what
Tarmist25 2:15
thanks. i thought they were admitting a fetish with very bad English lol
Thank you MinuteEarth for such a great video! I work in this field (Natural Products Chemistry) looking at the medicinal compounds of marine invertebrates and this is a great representation of this field. Keep up the great work!
forabug594 u know this could be a lie
So your saying you a drug dealer?
wow people on the internet has no chill 😂
I was genuinely surprised that it was only 7/10 drugs that contain natural, naturally derived or naturally inspired ingredients.
Another interesting topic would be: how are these chemicals extracted? How do they go from being used in a bacteria to being used in a pill? Or they analyzed and then synthetically produced, or naturally “harvested”?
Thank you MinuteEarth, for always making content that keeps me excited about science and the subtle complexities of our world.
Hands down best animations yet! Love your videos keep them coming!
2seconds of publishing and it has 175views. Then i realized patreon has the benefit of viewing first!
It is fair, they are helping
Lol, no first comments.
So, I should just eat a spoon full of dirt when I'm sick?
Thy21 no you need to inject it..more effective
This sounds like a good plan.
Thy21
Smoke weed, cure seakness
No you snort the dirt
Why didn't I think of that?
When I saw the title I thought to my self: "Is it a mystery where drugs come from? from... drug factories, duh."
I was the fool
Loving this! Hope you guys talk about antibiotic resistance next.
im working as pharmacist and i can say its not that simple. out of 10.000 chemicals compound, probably around 1 or 2 are feasible for pharmaceutical use. this research alone usually takes around +10 years and cost around 10 million USD.
From my mate Dan down the road
That was really interesting learning how those 3 drugs worked
1:36 you know you done fokd up if your microscope catches fire
Curious about the natural anti-cancer medication. How does that function?
Great question! Since many types of life have some basic components in common - like the way their cells grow, divide and interact - compounds that evolved to defend against one biological target are also likely to be effective against others. So a compound that evolved to, say, inhibit cell division to deter or harm some threatening organism could potentially also inhibit the way cancerous cells divide. -Kate
Going off of what MinuteEarth said (which is true): these cancer drugs that inhibit cell division are especially effective for cancer because, by their very nature, cancer cells divide a lot more than most of our regular cells do. However, there are always exceptions in biology. Some of our normal cells divide often like cancer cells and are therefore affected by the cancer drugs. That's why patients might suffer some nasty side effects during chemotherapy (e.g. nausea, skin damage, etc.).
Thanks. However, it's unclear to me why those side effects would be any different for plant-derived anticancer drugs which also seem to affect any dividing cell equally: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3614754/figure/F1/
DJBsLectures there are different kinds. I'm assuming some are cell growth inhibitors.
Sorry, so would a cell growth inhibitor not have the same side effect on healthy rapidly dividing cells (e.g. intestinal epithelium) as a traditional chemotherapy drug?
I dont know why but i get the best chills watching minuteearth and even get my eyes wet...
Just went to talk at the University of Minnesota with Dr Salomon presenting about this stuff. Extremely interesting and innovative.
Wow now i know tnx for all of the person building this channel i am learning alot of things that i dont even know
2:20 why don’t we all eat dirt
Brilliant video, as always !
The art of XKCD and the voice of Marzipan from homestarrrunnner, it's a winning combination!
Yes, the University of Minnesota is a major source of knowledge regarding medical research (I will get treatment there for chronic tmj)
0:16 Flowey alert! Hide the souls!!!!
I have said it once and I’ll say it again. Nature is fucking awesome.
And now you've said it twice. At this rate, the next you'll say it, you'll have said it three times! Egads!
Moises Munoz agreed my friend agreed BUT FUCK THE WORMS
i think antibiotic or antimicrobe that bacteria pump out have another purpose. Some journal say it used for signaling neighbor microbe with chemical substance rather than killing them.
🎶 Just a Spoon full of Soil helps the medicine go down, The medicine go down, The medicine go down 🎶
2:15 Bacterium: *holds stinky socks out*
0:16 Howdy Flowey. How did you get in a MinuteEarth video?
Nicholas Kunst NYEHHH HEHE!!!
I am just sat here wondering what kind of drug is sold in a rubber-ducky container. (0:08)
this is awesome!! want to know more examples!!
2:18 so bacteria uses stinky socks as a weapon,the more you know
Big like for my alma mater sponsoring this video. ☺
Humans be like: "Hippity hoppity your chemical compounds are now my property"
Great video! But Tacrolimus has many more uses that just treatment for Eczema. It has revolutionized transplantation as an anti-rejection drug!
I love the animation from MinuteEarth!
Wait, so bacteria are basically crusading with each other?
Yea basically
This is basically the premises of the book Micro by Michael Crichton.
I remember years ago I chose some random drugs, and looked at their synthesis. And the synthesis of what they're made from. And the synthesis of THOSE chemicals. Until I got to the chemical backbone of the drugs. So to speak.
They always came from some sort of petroleum byproduct. The ones that didn't were processed and concentrated from plants.
And here I am watching a minute earth video
I should probably get back to my research
Who's here before this video become trend?
Me
And anyone else that ever watches it
When she said " even under our feet " i automatically raised my feet thinking how much fungus , plant and micro organisms batteled under my feet...LOL
They're probably battling ON your feet too. ;) Our bodies play host to millions of bacteria and fungi that live on and in us. Even if you don't have, say, athlete's foot, chances are that the particular fungus that causes it is living on your feet right now. It's just that it's kept in check by the other micro-organisms living on your skin, all of whom exist in perfect balance so that no one species overwhelms the others and grows to a point where it becomes a problem.
Drugs come from the secret world of drugland.
And it’s more than medicine, too. For example, coffee trees create caffeine to poison insects, but for much larger humans, it’s just a minor stimulant.
What's really funny is that people tend to ignore so darned many of these chemical weapons, even when plants pump em out specifically to stop bigger animals from hoeing down. Such as mint
Hello Kate, Emily and minute earth, I like all your videos. I like everything about ants. Can you please do a video on what happens when an ant lost its track?
From what I read on google, it just dies. Ants mostly protect themselves with numbers so if one gets lost it is a free snack for whatever happens to be nearby. The ant just wanders around until it finds its home or dies
We should get rid of the current education system and instead replace them with a "movie" like experience, where all the students get like ridiculously comfy chairs, a big screen with everyone in front of it, popcorn or snacks of any kind with drinks, and just play minute earth and minute physics videos. Guarantee you this, whatever the official number is for the amount of students that succeed through their lives will skyrocket compared to how it has been. An 8 year old could watch this and learn without confusion. This world is very far behind where it could already be, people like the people here at minute earth are what we need.
I love her voice
I’m really waiting for not having to wait in line at the grocery store.
This is awesome thank you.
i thought drugs came from my mexican uncle
Benjie Wonderchild Manlupig No They come from My Cuban Grandfather
Benjie Wonderchild Manlupig
You win
They come from new Mexico.🎩🕶
Aurelio Casillas lives!
The animations are so cute!
love the animations
Awesome video!
1:35 Uhh, I hate it when my microscope catches fire
1:16 the person taking the penicillin pills is just pouring them on their head
Fungi seems like a fun guy
Guest Illustrator: Jesse Agar WOOOOOOOOOHOOOOOOO!
I love you guys!
That phallic imagery.
00:12 that yellow flower looks like flowey, that might explain why its so evil
2:01
I didn't know plants made plane medicine.
Like the so useful Metmorfin; that has made life easier and saved so many lives for diabetic patients. And was nearly lost to humanity because the plant that naturally makes it was extinct in it's natural habitat, but was found on private gardens. And now the drug can be produced synthetically.
And there are also many organisms that we have identified AND put to medicinal use WITH GREAT RESULTS that most people don't know about(especially in the US) and are DENIED FDA trials; some are randomly (or is it?) deemed "dangerous".
I can't love more this channel *_*
Can you make a video on why there is hope for plastic waste? Waxworm can eat plastic waste
What about the remaining 3/10 chemicals?
1:59 right hand column 4th one down, we discovered aeroplanes from leeks?
GREAT VIDEO!!!
I guess that's why my cat lives dirt baths!!!
All of my drugs come from the weird dude upstairs.
Minute Earth: Well
Drug Addict: THEY COME FROM PINK FAIRIES MADE FROM BACON
You forgot the corn. Then we add corn to literally every single one of those.
Hey I have a question that I thought of during school..... Why is most paper white? Like why can't we use black paper and white pencils?
Billions of years? Polonium halos, dinosaur soft tissues
Excellent video..
But what about the side effects?
Manikandan sampath Natural or not, all drugs (and pretty much everything we put on the body, including regular food) have side effect. The art of medicine is figuring out those side effects and weighing the risk-benefit for treating a patient.
yvrelna thanks for the reply :)
Minute earth can you explain how we humans extract the liquid to make those things
so if im sick can i just eat a spoonful of dirt to cure it?
I had a rash from penicillin but we don’t know if I’m allergic to a drug
They are made in companies like Bayer which use some compounds made in India.
The Ephedra plant makes the Asthma drug Ephedrine, not Albuterol.
Evaluation is not blind. Fungus (and all life) use resources gathered to best suite their needs. Purposefully. Even if that means evolving chemicals to ward off threats. Perfect mutation is what leaves me to believe it is not random.
00:02 to 00:10
The REAL question is WHAT the hell is it in the remaining medications?
I saw a kurzgesaget ad just now.
I like fungi
WOW! GREAT JOB! -_-
I have a joke I will say the answer when I get 1 new sub
Why was the mushroom laughing
Is it just me, or do they use Dutch Haagel Slaag alot in their vidoes?
You have a lovely voice!
i love listening to this.#Science☺
medicine; precisely why cultural appropriation is a good thing. In a free society, we take the best ideas and add them to our arsenal. If we can co-opt biological mechanisms from other regions (or the use of local plants as treatment for specific ailments), why not co-opt food from other regions to supply our varied dietary needs? why not co-opt ritualistic behaviors like a hearty breakfast, brushing your teeth, therapeutic music and dance, and wearing protective clothes? why should culture take exception to this adaptive roulette we call life?
0:16 evil flowy
Moved to Another channel Undertale flowey
Imagine the really useful ones they don't release to the public.
that evil flower is flowey :)
According to a homeless heroin user recently released felon panhandler who insisted on talking to me at McDonald's last week, he was where drugs were coming from before he was in jail. It was kind of hard to tell where he got them from, but he was the middleman trucking them from somewhere. And he was a heroin addict and he told me heroin addicts will betray _anyone_ to get their heroin. It was interesting to listen to but I left anyway, and have avoided the place since then in case he gets desperate.
Everyone, please watch my little nature videos. There is no talking in them. Shhh!
If my dealer told me, I'd have no use for him anymore.
Every time my mom puts a banana in my lunch its smell and taste gets somehow infused with the rest of the lunch. If you could make a video explaining this that would be great. Thanks!
so did it become a video?
They come from literally everywhere.
The power of natural products
Ha! I'm now ready to fight back with all these new weapons!
Before making & using drugs, we should start by breefing well, sleeping well, drinking well, eating well. And there is a big problem with this last one : our FOODS are too poor in micronutriments, especially minerals, because the agricultural lands are dead : lack of faune & flores inside the earth, mineral reserve are very low. Fruits, vegetables, cereals look good, taste good, but are very poor in oligo-elements.
When we will have bioweapon warhead?