The Protestant Reformation: Crash Course European History #6
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- Опубликовано: 13 июн 2024
- You may have noticed that the internet is terrible at religious discourse. Well, this is not a new phenomenon. In the early 16th century, the Roman Catholic church dominated Christianity in Europe, and the institution was starting to show some cracks. Tensions mounted and protests grew, and eventually, the Protestant Reformation happened. Martin Luther nailed his 95 Theses to the church door in Wittenberg, but the Reformation doesn't exactly begin with Luther, and it certainly doesn't end with him. Today, we're looking at how and why the Catholic church in Europe split, first into two sects, and eventually into a LOT of sects.
#crashcourse #europeanhistory #history
Sources:
Hunt, Lynn et al. Making of the West: Peoples and Cultures, 6th ed. (Boston: Bedford St Martins, 2019 ch. 14.
Kelley, Donald R. Beginning of Ideology: Consciousness and Society in the French Reformation. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1981) ch. 1.
Smith, Bonnie G. Women in World History since 1450 (London: Bloomsbury, 2019) ch. 3.
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The return of John doing Crash Course History is the best thing to happen since sliced bread
yes!!
ow, an IJ fan.
Well... there was John doing the Crash Course for the first time
Which is the body of christ...sliced.
Did you know that sliced bread was invented in 1928?
If RUclips existed in that age
#1 trending, *95 reasons why Catholic Church is wrong*
Meanwhile on a parallel universe...
can it be more clickbaity?
Vitruvianus AMAZING: A FUCC TON OF REASONS TO FUCC THE CHURCH! YOU WONT BELEIVE!
LOL
The Catholic Church is canceled
Martin Luther had 95 problems, and the Pope was one.
Lol
😂
@@apalsnerg yeesh
I'm still waiting for Disney to buy the rights to the Schmalkaldic League of Protestant Princes from SONY so they can finally enter the MCU
Man, I can't wait for the Phillip the Magnanimous movie and Frederick the Wise movie. They're my favourite characters.
@@mjr_schneider Well "Winter King" is a much better story than "Winter Soldier" so much is sure :D
@@mjr_schneider "i'm sorry Charles but he's my friend"
I hate the internet 😂😂
@@Ugly_German_Truths Frederick V Elector Palatinate, Winter King of Bohemia is only part of the 2nd generation of Protestant Princes and his group is called Protestant (Action) Union.
The pope: We own all of western civilization!
Martin Luther: I'm about to end this man's whole career!
The pope: :(
Lol
There were multiple pope's and a few different religious hierarchies (e.g. Lullards).
Mans whole career* ;)
40 Years Later...
The Pope: I now own the rest of the world.
Catholism: *_exists_*
Martin Luther: Hold my thesis
ThomasTurner69 German Peasants: Can we use that?
Martin Luther: Thieves.
"Hold my meade"
@Jesus Christ K
Beer is the most germany, priesty thing. I’ll take hold my beer here.
low level meme
John Green: European Christianity split into two in the 16th century.
Orthodox Christianity: Am I a joke to you?
Eastern europeans are a joke to westerners
Orthodox aren't really seen as European, they're seen more as a Middle Eastern religion. No, I don't know why. But they also split from the Catholic Church much earlier (1054) than the time period John started with.
Thessarabian umm... no.
@@Martoto94 well that was an intelligent reply.🙄
Thessarabian that’s as much as an unintelligent statement deserves. Orthodox Christianity seen as middle eastern? By who? Come on man.
As a catholic i absolutely hated how corrupt and bad the church was before the counter-reformation.
what annoys me even more however, is when modern catholics deny that the church ever made any mistakes and act like criticising the church means you are criticising god himself.
Also worth noting that Luther initially wanted the church to reform itself, he didn't want to start a new denomination.
It’s annoying how modern Catholics deny the principles and doctrines of the Church set by and died for by the martyrs and church fathers and doctors.
To insult the Church, not necessarily the men in the Church, is to insult her groom who is Christ.
Yeah. I wish John had mentioned that many of the practices indicted in the 95 theses were abandoned by *Catholics*, not just Protestants.
I hate how the churches are still not being held accountable for criminal acts.
I like how when people are talking about the Protestant Reformation, they say "Christianity Split in 2" like orthodoxy just never existed.
That's because people confuse Christianity with Catholicism. Protestantism did split the Catholic Church, but Catholicism is just one branch of Christianity
Yeah, or the Coptics or Nestorians. There were a lot of early Christian schisms.
@@CDexie the great debates in the early days of Christianity are really interesting to learn about
2E the first Extra History has a series about early christian schisms.
@@armorsmith43 yeah that's where i learnt about them
I can say... Luther *nailed* the Catholic Church with his thesis
Ha
Jesus: *PTSD kicks in*
The Pun Police will get you
Mature German man NAILS the entire Church with ninety five THESES
@Jesus Christ omg
So glad to see John back in the seat! As a teacher of world history, I do not know what we would do if we were forced to show those boring videos that makes us all go to sleep. John puts the cool back in learning history. Keep up the good work!
Me: has a church history final in 11 hours
John green a few days ago: here, have this
As a senior having to take 3 years worth of history classes in 1 year, this show is truly a blessing. thank you!
**Just to clarify something for a lot of people in the comment section who seem confused - **
When John says "Christianity split from two groups into many different sects" he is first referring to the original split that happened before Luther in Christianity, and then he transitions into what Martin Luther brought about, which was Christianity splitting into many sects. But he does acknowledge that before Marthin Luther there was already two main sects of Christianity that being Catholicism and Eastern Orthodox which came about becomes of the Great Schism in 1054 long before Martin Luther. What Martin Luther did was split Christianity even further by kick-starting the creation of many different Protestant groups who now (because of his actions) felt they had the right to be their own thing separate from the Roman Catholic church. When he says there were two groups he is not referring to Catholicism and Protestants, because the term "Protestant" is a catch-all term that refers to all the denominations that came about because of the Protestant Reformation, so being "Protestant" is not in it of itself a sect in Christianity, but refers to many sects that came from Martin Luther's actions. This is why when he says "Christianity split from two groups (Catholicism and Eastern Orthodox) into many different sects. (these would be the Protestant)"
Hopefully, this explanation helps the people who thought he forgot about Eastern Orthodox, because he did not, he just did not refer to it by name.
The main reason why princes helped Luther were vast lands owned by Catholic Bishops in Germany. Thanks to Reformation they were able to seize them,
I would say that is one of the reasons but not the main reason. Its influence as a factor could be summarized in 2 ways; firstly yes for some it appealed to their greed but it can't be forgotten that there was a high risk in the move the princes were taking in the move as Charles or the Pope would have punished them if they were defeated, something that given the incredible wealth of the Hapsburg and Papacy was seen as likely, therefore another more deep reason must exist and that leads me to the... Second factor would have been that the desire to take church property would have at most been a 'sweetener' for the Protestant Princes who had already been convinced by Luther/others.
This was also the main reason why Sweden converted to Protestantism. The state treasury was empty so it was a quick way for our king to get cash, simply seize the vast wealth of the church, nationalize the future clergy income, and become even more powerful by also being the head of the church and not just the head of the state.
And then we have England .. where a king simply wanted to bang a hot chick and thus needed to get a divorce.
@@fredrikengstrom2107 ....and also English noblemen and king also wanted all dat land owner by Catholic church. Seriously. There's reason why protestant Church in UK and King is still biggest landowner in kingdom.
In the end, it was about Church as power structure with lots of resources up to grab. Also I think it was sort of check on Church's 'moral superiority'. Also a bit more pragmatical POV without this land grab Capitalism kickstart wouldn't be possible. There was no way to own the land for just simply rich guy.
Even better, when the peasants rose up against the princes, which Luther supported, the Princes gave him an ultimatum - support us and condemn the peasants or lose our protection.
Luther went ahead and wrote polemics against the peasants, which gave the Princes forces all the reasons they required to slaughter the revolting peasants and out an end to their revolt
Confiscation of church property is an important reason a bit later on. In the beginning, until way after the Diet of Worms, it was not completely clear yet that there would be an actual split, and how the new Protestant churches would be organised. So while financial considerations probably played a role, it was more about the indulgences bleeding the people dry, and church taxes on the princes. For the early supporters like Frederick the Wise, seizing church lands was not yet an option.
Catholic Church: Let's sell indulgences
Martin Luther: OBJECTION!
I how i wish I could insert the phoenix wright memee
@@ilikedota5 same here, bro. I feel you.
Catholics: Lets pursue scientific inquiry and not take the bible too literally
Fundamentalist Protestants: OBJECTION!
@@LIAM-cd6qd sadly, the whole galileo fiasco has led to some misconceptions.. Galileo was a bit of a douche
" Catholic Church: Let's sell indulgences"
Literally never happened. Not a single shred of evidence for this.
I grew up in the Swiss protestant church and "It's a symbol" is a great description of the entirety of the religious teaching I got.
This is one of the best series you've done. I've learnt more about my own history here that I ever learnt in school. Thank you.
Hey Crash Course! Can you make a video on Eastern Orthodoxy in the future please? Please do consider!🙏🙏
Yes please!
Would love it but I don't think they would include it in European history series. Maybe Middle Eastern/ Asian series
I mean, it'll likely happen when Russia enters the picture, but I don't think it will be too in-depth given that schism happened well before the start of this series.
crevice pounder but Eastern Orthodox was the religion of the Byzantine Empire and still a major religion in the Balkans...which are in Europe
@@animefreak753 yeah but the series is already way passed the time of the Byzantine empire. The Balkans play a somewhat minor role in history from this point on in contrast to other major powers of Europe. I would love to see it since I am Eastern Orthodox, but in terms of the scale of the show, it's too geographically isolated to talk about.
As a Roman Catholic myself this episode was really interesting to me, thanks.
Don't let the secularized and Protestant-ized presentations of history fool you. While the Catholic Church made critical errors, most presentations neglect the true character of Luther by making him into some noble figure. He really was not. Also, most historical presentations do not address the actual instances of heresy and nuanced theological debates that were at the heart of the Reformation.
Ryan Reeves has the best commentary on the Reformation and on Luther that I've ever seen or heard. All impartial, sourced, and cleanly presented.
@@mr.johnson3844 I found this video interesting because my school never taught me the Reformation or the difference between my beliefs and that of Protestants.
William Wood I’m not overly religious myself but I believe a firm understanding of multiple religions is crucial for understanding the world.
@@mr.johnson3844 Was a tinfoil hat included when you got that indoctrination?
I had to pause this video and come back, and when I did, I was greeted by a very unamused expression from John and the large word "REPENT."
Yikes.
LOL.
what about the great schism in 1054 that split the orthodox and roman catholic church
That was 500 years earlier
@@culwin Plus they already had some differences from the days of Constantinople's(nova Roma,new Rome,Byzantium or Istanbul her other names) foundation.
i think that was mentioned in an earlier episode. this one is just about the Protestant Reformation
Thanks John Green! I appreciate all the work you put into these
Please do the Counter Reformation!!
He'll probably talk about it next week
I'm literally learning about the Reformation RIGHT NOW in school.
Great timing.
I *have* to watch this for class 😅
For those interested in some of the more bonkers details behind what went on with Anabaptists and specifically the Munster rebellion, I highly recommend Dan Carlin's Hardcore History episode 48. It's a 6 hour long podcast but it's fantastic.
A thoughtful and unbiased explication of a most complicated period. Thank you!
Art Koenig Is this sarcastic?
@@rozempire2843 No this is patrick.
Mad Hatters in jeans Cool name, I meant the comment though.
No that comment is a comment, Patrick is someone else.
@@rozempire2843 It was not meant to be sarcastic. I enjoyed the presentation.
speed x1.25 and you get back the old John Green. You're welcome.
Oh my god thank you
Ok, I found out how, but I think I need to be on a "real" desktop computer. So, unless there's a trick I missed I think I'm done for now! ;)
what happened to him? He seems a lot more shaken, I don't watch the show that much but he talks so much slower and more serious. He really got rid of all the jokes.
@@gandalfthegrey2592 To be honest I like the more serious jokes and I'm glad he dropped the jokes which I didn't find funny.
@@user-uy1rg8td1v Humor is subjective, even though not all his jokes landed, his personality made history more fun to learn.
Hi, if john green has seen this comment than I just want to say that i really liked your world history videos. Many of them helped me with the revision for exams)) and I appreciate it very much. thank you that you are taking part in this show again - i hope you will continue doing it (ps. my english may sound wierd because i am a russian who is learning english)
I'm not even in school anymore but I still love listening to these. History is great
Acually, the unrest about reforms in the Catholic church started at least a century earlier. Jan Hus, a Bohemian theologian, philosopher, master, dean, and the rector of the University of Prague was burned in 1415 as a heretic who preached church reforms to his followers. This all happened during the times of the Papal Schism (there were two or even three Popes at the same time).
Really useful video .Thank you Crash course and John Green for making this
John has really matured from is early videos. He doesn’t sugar coat things, doesn’t add a touch liberal bias and has a more serious tone to his videos.
John your videos are my favorite I love your videos on history and literature and your insightful parenthetical commentaries thank you sir you are a gift
Your channel is awesome! Thank you very much for doing this!
Haha, this is so funny to listen to, when Schmalkalden is like a stone throw away from you. ;)
I had no idea John Green was doing Crash Course History again and I gotta say, I'm pleasantly surprised! He talks so much more relaxed and is all in all so much more chill and likeable! :) I like his old videos too, they're great, but the whole presentation of the information is much better here!
That was a great video and Martin Luther is one important and intriguing figure to this day.
So, in that spirit - "Hier stehe ich, ich kann nicht anders."
We’d really like to hear about the Orthodox Church
I just love this channel ❤
Thank you for doing this video. Got to write an essay about this for Friday. 👍
I love the can of worms gag Stan played on John. That was so funny.
The romance between Katherine and Martin Luther fascinates me to no end, would highly suggest researching it
John grew a beard between episodes 5 and 6. That's impressive!
I feel like John Green or someone in Crash Course really like talking about the Protestant Reformation in their history videos
Monday i have a test about this topic! Thank you 😎
Good luck at the exam!
Ioan Duca thank you 😊
Is it me or is he WAY lower energy than he used to be? Also, this seemed very accurate and unbiased for a summary of the Reformation, thank you.
He got older.
I think it could be that he is just older now. I have been watching this series at 1.25 speed and it really sounds like his younger self.
I guess he just decided to change the format of how he does Crash Course episodes.
In the Crash Course World and US history episodes he would talk fast and was playing a character.
But now I guess he's just trying to be himself and talk slower and take his time.
@@edwardaugustus9680 Wow, I can really hear it after seeing your comment. I might have to do this for his videos from now on.
@@edwardaugustus9680 OMFG. was scrolling the comments to see if somebody noticed the drop of energy and speed, saw this. Tried the 1.25x trick, and IT IS SCARILY LIKE LISTENING TO HIS OLD VIDEOS. thank you. Maybe a smidge too quick, but DUDE
Learnt stuff. Many thanks.
This is really well made.
I'm loving this course.
I love this series, and Crash Course in general. When is there going to be a Crash Course series for foreign languages?
"In short, more bloodshed was to follow." You could end every episode that way.
30 years war🎉
Easter Orthodox: Are we a joke to you
True
>Pepehands.jpeg
One of my favourite topics.
This Channel is an oasis in the desert of RUclips content for history lovers💥💥🎞
I have done a fair amount of research on this subject and think overall you did a pretty accurate and good job. I would recommend one change. Martin Luther’s 95 theses was a common practice that the monks did. They would each come up with topics they wished to discuss. His theses was taken and because it included many of the grievances of the people it was nailed to the door without his knowledge and consent. He never pushed for creating a separate group or religion. He always believed that he could convince the Catholic leadership of the errors of their ways.
oooh, that makes a bit more sense actually.
So he wasn't trying to set up some seperation with his work it was just a byproduct of his beliefs?
You are amazing sir! :)
Wish this had been out 1 week ago when I had my exams 😂😭 Great content as always. Can you do a video on Henry the 8th and the English reformation specifically?
coming shortly
Great episode as always John! As a Catholic, I have long felt that the importance of the Reformation has often been overblown in historiography, especially here in the US where Protestantism has long been the dominant religious force. If anything the division between the Catholic/Orthodox church is more important, or the Arian Crisis. GK Chesterton wrote "One need not count the differences between a Catholic and a Protestant any more than a Catholic and a Pelagian". In other words, from a Catholic perspective the Lutheran crisis is no different than the Pelagian crisis, or the Arian crisis, or the Albigensian crisis. In all cases an individual or group of individuals (often among the clergy or religious) quibble with a particular Catholic doctrine enough to engage in a split from papal and magisterial authority. (For example, while the Lutherans wanted faith without works, the Pelagians wanted works without faith) The benefit of all these movements for the Church is that they not only help define & refine Church doctrine by offering challenges to it, but they often spring up in times when the Church has drifted from its Gospel message. In that way, they force those within the Church to reckon with abuses and sources of corruption and encourage internal reform. The Arian crisis gave us the Nicene Creed, the Albigensians prompted the creation of religious orders like the Dominicans and the Franciscans, and in the time of the Lutheran and Calvinist schisms the Jesuits and Catholic Reformation bloomed. I guess the only historical difference between the Protestant Reformation and these earlier heresies is its staying power and ability to spread quickly due to the political circumstances of the 16th century (princes willing to back it to get back at either the Pope or Holy Roman Emperor) and the new information technologies available. Either way, as strange as it is to say I can express some gratitude that in even these contentious times, good comes out of it. Much love to any Protestant brothers and sisters out there! Keep up the good work John and team!
the way John reads the indulgence sounds like a punic radio pledge drive... what sort of swag do I get at each level. 🤪
Slight complaint: the Catholic Church /still/ believes in Purgatory. We’re just not very talkative about it, because no one’s very sure what happens there other than that you repent for the sins you committed since you last went to Confession.
"no one’s very sure what happens there" - as opposed to everyone being certain of what happens in hell or heaven , right ? ;)
Yeah, we are actually pretty sure about heaven (being united with G-d’s love, reevaluations, etc etc etc.) and hell (eternal separation from all of G-d’s love and possibly creation). Please feel free to maybe not make a joke at my expense, thanks
@@scriptorpaulina don't worry, you are making jokes on your expense :)
Edd Grs the only real insult you’ve made is making me read your poor grammar, so go off I guess
Its interesting to hear that there was a time when "good deeds" were allowed by the church to be conflated with buying salvation. We tend to think of good deeds as the good part of faith, but I can see how corrupt church practices would give them a bad name in the eyes of the early Protestants.
just realized how slowed down his speech is... a win for those of us who needs exactly that
Hi crashcourse, could you show more often maps with state boundaries? It would be really nice to get a bit more info of the geopolitical situation :D
well back then state boundaries where not really a thing. or at least not very clear. nation states where not yet there.
@King Peppy the catholic/protestant issue and the Vikings where not really a thing there is about a 500 year gap in between. Denmark was by then a triving kingdom that did good on trading with in the Hanseatic League. that was way more profitable and safe to do.
here in the Netherlands the protestantism came up do direct influence of Spain. (it's even a key reason why the Netherlands became a independent republic o and the biggest reason for all the wars we had trade deals and trading in general)
In the German Church, there were abuses of indulgences that were never meant to be sold. Luther's doctrine of Sola Scriptura was his invention that was unheard of until Luther came along. This doctrine was the single reason for the cleaving of Christendom as others decided they could interpret the scriptures themselves. Even the reformers could not agree on biblical doctrine and used the scriptures to refute each other.
NO WAY?! I have a uni exam on this on Monday... thank you thank you thank you 🙏
If you're that lucky you should try winning the lotery.
robiking011 ahaha almost lucky, he didn’t touch on the scientific revolution much which is the main focus of my exam 😅
I'm glad John Hus got mentioned. He was a hero and he is remembered as an important figure of Czech history.
Can we get a Crash Course Asian History?
My favourite bit about history is when your 8th grade history teacher lies to you about henry viii being the first guy to reform the church and how crazy that was (it wasn't). thanks, england! i really appreciate it!
"It's Martin Luther: HIDE YOUR DAUGHTERS! HIDE YOUR DAUGHTERS!" (One of the better Python sketches;)
I can’t believe that crash courses views crashed its great content
Great work as always! Please consider doing a video on the Orthodox Church and the Great Schism as well. Thank you!
Hey crash course, I was wondering if u can do a course of photography and video, it be really interesting to know how it works :D
😂😂😂 love this channel
Love the mention of the anabaptists!!!!
Fascinating. I knew some of this.
They came out with a crash corse Protestant reformation on my birthday and I can’t help but feel it was for me
Happy Birthday!
Two of my roommates are from Schmalkalden :D THAT'S where I know this city from, thanks Crash Course!
We soo want a *crash course Indian History*
Interesting History in animation!!!😉❤👍
Amazing
Martin Luthers really got a habit of changing the world.
Good video.
John Greene is good people, I've been saying this. Thx John for your take on a delicate subject.
thank you jon green
Love you John.
Thanks crash course
Kind of dissapointing that no mention of Hussites wars and Anabaptist war was mentioned, both super interesting stories.
Educational!
7:04 You've gone full dad-mode, Mr. Green. There is no return.
thanks for saving my history final grade!
Now you explained it in a right way not like in this last reformation video
Please talk with the Paradox team. They would probably love you guys!
John Green: Can grow a better beard than my tour guide at Harper's Ferry, WV can, and in a whole week!
My professor of Renaissance literature talked about this in like 2 classes, and it bored so much.
And with this video, it hasn't change, hahha, but it's definitely more dinamic and funny
Nice work :D
"My professor of Renaissance literature"
Well, there you have, honestly.
@@peste2574 hahahahahaha
Please upload this week's video🙏
Phil Plait please teach astronomy again with updated content. Your astronomy videos are very interesting. Please accept my hubble request to Crash Course.
And yaa Crash Course's videos are also great. We salute and thank you for your great work on you tube.
crash course should make a separate channel (or new series) about more hands on things like car mechanics, plumbing, electric, etc.
What began with burning of books, evolved into popularity of reading and printing
What also astonishes me is the common depiction of Charles V:
Just as in 1415, he guaranteed safe travel to and from Worms for Luthers, but he actually stuck to it and did not sack Luther, as king Sigismund did with Jan Hus - albeit he could have argued just like Sigismund: Since Jan Hus was a heretic, oaths given to him were not binding - and Sigismund did not have to stick to it. Charles could have argued the same way, but did not.
Then, Charles captured many of his opponents, starting with the Landgraf of Thüringen, whom he actually captured twice, the second time after the Landgraf swore loyalty to Charles, but Charles released him again.
Charles also captured king Franz of France after Franz invaded Italy, and released him again, only to being invaded by Franz again.
The Protestant nobles, in order to weaken Charles, gave the imperial cities of Metz and Verdun to king Franz - which is nothing but High Treason, and Charles did not punish them.
Instead, he conducted the taking of Algier in order to free Christian slaves.
Charles also was the first (and up to my knowledge, the only) Emperor who abdicated and went into a monastery.
He truly seems to have been naive, trusting in the oath of people despite the fact that they were repeatedly broken, but a man of honesty, considering himself bound to defend Christianity, and not only tried to extend his power - unlike most of his opponents like Franz of France and the Prostestant nobles - who only sought to become more powerful.
Martin Luther: *Holding 95 Theses* I call it "Bold and Brash"
Catholic Church: More like "Belongs in the Trash"
He has done a 360 look wise. I did even recognize the guy speaking!!