It is really just the different physics of additive and substractive lighting. Materials are colorful because they absorb wavelengths selectively. Light is colorful because it is of different wavelengths to begin with.
Then maybe you'll find the following information interesting too: In particle physics, and more specifically quantum chromodynamics, a "color" charge is used to describe properties of the quarks, the fundamental constituents of protons! Thus we have red, green and blue quarks. Now things get more interesting because, as you might have heard, protons are particles of matter, so you have to combine rgb quarks to create a "white" (or neutrally color charged) proton. And then you have antiprotons that have inverted color charged antiquarks, being cyan, magenta and yellow in colour charge, creating again a color neutral antiproton!!! so, to sum up, matter is fundamentally rgb and antimatter is cmy!!!! Those colors are only metaphorical, as a way to describe their charge and have no relation to the color of physical objects whatsoever! If you are interested in this, look up Murray Gell-Mann and have a nice day :)
Imagine being an engineer spending your entire life making this technology perfect, only for the companies to make them unreliable and expensive, and to see everyone despise your creation for being annoying
Not at all. This video is designed to Educate. Schools now exist (as demonstrated by international test scores and rankings) to Indoctrinate. So there should be no conflict. :)
They have been having a "tough time" for 10-30+ years due to being so horrendously bad at everything from peaking student interest to curriculum to leaking politics into the education system.
Technically they do use primary colors. The primary colors are different depending on if it is additive or subtractive color space. Black (K) is added because using CMY to make it darker takes a lot of ink and ends up being a muddy dark brownish color due to the accuracy limitations of inks.
It baffles me to know that there are micro nozzles and heating resistors in an absurdly large quantity while being extremely tiny yet they manage to print impeccable pictures.
@Dr. Irina Luminesk Right. However, this is electromechanical device which handles real fluid not just electrons and holes. Maybe nanorobots would be a fair comparison.
I would have guessed that making of the heads would be hard and expensive and thus ink heads should be loose from the ink but nope they somehow made them so easy to manufacture and all and also make them so hard to reuse and so just wow
This is how schools should teach students. Not just theory but practically also. Human mind works in images only, Not text and numbers. Never goona forget this engineering video. Loved it.
@@fitmotheyap I would say text and numbers are also images which make understanding our world easier/possible. But because of how complex things are now they alone are just not good enough to explain and teach certain concepts and need to be used alongside the modern day "image" and quite frankly video too since in many cases things are still too complex for still images
Engineers rule. I came to understand the nozzle design at 1:00 and rolled my eyes at the RGB/CMY part... until I kept watching and got humbled by how sophisticated it actually is.
My mind was blown and baffled by 1:35 where "heating up resistor coils" came into play. Just the thought of how intricate a printer can be is amazing. 👍🏻😊
@@fatitankeris6327 Some cartridges do come with the print head. It's more expensive but ensures you get clean nozzles each time without wasteful (and not always successful) cleaning cycles.
As a printing technology student I have found the animation really clear and rigorous. I couldn't wrap my head around the principle how a printing head releases ink and what toggles it to produce a needed output. Thank you really much for the insightful chunk of knowledge!!
Hats off to Sabin and his entire team (if any). So beautifully explained that even a small kid will understand the science behind this complex engineering. I would request Lesics to do such videos covering all the high school topics.
Excellent. Thank you. I can't hardly imagine an engineer dreaming this up: "ok, so, we'll put a teeny tiny heater coil above a channel of ink, that will cause a vapor bubble that will force out a droplet of perfect size. And then after turning off the coil, the meniscus with draw the ink back into the chamber, and then return to the surface but without releasing anymore ink. And it will do all of this in a tiny fraction of a second. Sound good? Let's spend a few hundred thousand on this idea now to see if it works..."
Apparently the action of heating up the ink to create a bubble that would force it out was by accident, from creating strips soaked in ink for typewriters, and it got heated up somehow and exploded ink everywhere. And lo, the printer was born. I think the ink droplets get fired out at like 20-40mph from your injet cartridge too.
Here's an excellent example of how things that seem simple turn out to be extremely complex and the result of long and painstaking investigations. On the other hand, this video is an example of excellent information and dissemination work. Great job! Thanks!
Minor correction: DPI is *not* a count of how many dots per square inch of paper, as suggested at 11:00 - it's how many dots there are per linear inch. 300 dots per square inch would equal about 17 dots per linear inch, and that would look very, very bad indeed!
I'm an Inkjet Technician at a ceramic tile factory near Nashville Tennessee. The Inkjet printers we operate are as big as a bus and the material being printed moves with the conveyor, the heads are stationary. Anyway, this is 1 of the best videos on inkjet tech I've yet to find! Would you be against making that "Other Video" (about meniscus) you referred to early on‽‽‽
We need less science! It's rotting our brains, causing us to try to cure global pandemics with the jab, wanting to go to mars and think the world is melting! (I'm being sarcastic and facetious)
Just wow!! Thanks for going at lengths to make us understand the brilliant engineering behind modern printers. I learnt a great deal by this video. Thanks a ton!!
How many people see this what I see, as the video progresses I have more questions, and Lesics answers them one by one.... A complete satisfaction... This guy is a real CURIOUS person..... Kudos to their effort....
This was actually very insightful, thank you! I knew that cyan magenta and yellow can create any human recognizable color, but I never knew the actual science behind it being inverted rgb and all that. I still don’t quite understand but I think I might look more into it. Also cmyk looks so aesthetic in my opinion. The colors are just so vibrant and pop out and the black makes it perfect
If I remember correctly from the Gicleé printing, modern printers do not actually have that many nozzles densely packed in the printer heads. Instead they use "amplitude modulation", i.e. by somehow changing the size of the ink droplets to achieve an *equivalent* of the boasted resolution. The most advanced Gicleé printer goes up to 4800 DPI but the most advanced C-print (the good old Kodak photo printing) has only 640 DPI yet both yield shoulder to shoulder image quality in terms of details.
Using CMYK colors (subtractive colors) in a digital display also gives you an inverted image which is equivalent to using RGB colors (additive colors) in an inkjet printer.
Thank you, i was wanted to know working of printers are work...by your detailed video i got easily ... Please next time make video on laser printer also 🙏
9:09 Unless there have been some new developments in printer technology I am not aware of, I have never heard of printers mixing inks as shown here. Most printers I am aware of mix colors by putting down overlapping grids of dots where each grid is slightly misaligned from each other. The eye does the color mixing.
Exactly! When I heard it, it seemed strange and impractical to me, so I watched a printed image and the dots are misaligned as I thought! (Like black in the video)
@@MyNotSoHumbleOpinion The process is called halftoning. It's essentially the same as used by publishers when printing full-color books, magazines, newspapers, etc. Everything is printed at the same intensity, the size of the dots change to give the effect of different amounts of each color. You can usually see it best in the comics section of a newspaper, Sunday edition. A desktop printer will typically measure its resolution in DPI, or dots per inch, and the numbers will be something like 300dpi, 600dpi, and 1200dpi. A halftone image is measured in LPI, or lines per inch, and they will be 75lpi for newspapers and 133lpi for most books and magazines. The halftone grid is at an angle to the page with black at a 45° angle, cyan at 15°, magenta at 75° and yellow at 0°.
Well, you gotta consider the paper is still ever so slightly damp right after the page prints, which means the ink right under the line being printed indeed is still wet during each print head pass. And you better believe the printer manufacturer wants to waste as much ink as humanly possible while still producing a quality printout. So yes, they'll gladly overlap the inks not only in a dithered pattern but also right on top of each other too. Ink costs more than human blood ya know...
Correct… the cheaper printers are actually expensive to maintain… its a pricing tactic that these companies do… the more worthy inkjets are in 12k+ range
This was like a trip down memory lane, I worked for Hewlett Packard 1980 ~ 2002 Part of that time was working with the Printing Division, which included InkJet Printers Lot's of comments on cost of cartridges... They operated the en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Razor_and_blades_model FYI... Some of the engineering design concepts go back to 1867, yes 1867..!! Continuous Inkjet to print Telegraphy on paper tape
What a great video. I remember back then in high school when my physics teacher said that basic colors are red, green, & blue. But I insisted that basic colors are red, yellow, & blue. But now I am understand that both of us were right. Its just depends on what principal is used. Thank you lesics😊
You should mention piezoelectric print heads, which are also very common. Halftoning should be discussed. Also would be good to describe dye vs pigment based inks!
Thank you for confirming my first impulse on seeing these heating resistors. As i'm intuitively thinking mechanical force as in piezoelektric elements would be faster to react.
Correct. Epson uses pizeo, while HP uses heated resistors. There's also other means of printing from waxes (think crayons) to banded color ribbons (old-school impact).
@@brodriguez11000 If memory serves, the wax printers take a long time to start up and use a lot of standby power to keep the wax in the print-heads molten.
Well piezoelectric material need more control technique coz they have 2 position/phase in some certain point of Volt or potential different. But well, they are interesting technology, cant imagine what will my son do while being an Engineer. The techonolgy moves really fast bro, our brain sttruggling follow all the changes XD
Back in the day, I had to print a lot of documents. To save ink, I lowered the DPI; however, I had to replace ink cartridges quicker. After six months, I used the standard DPI setting and the cartridges lasted longer. I don't know if lowering the DPI means bigger drops of ink or what.
dpi changes the resolution, so the printer just makes few dots the same (like high resolution screen trying to show low resolution - it shows one pixel using multiple pixels showing the same color). For lower ink consumption you can lower the brightness or use "draft" mode in printer settings.
This is mind blowing how smart some humans really are. I feel so slow after watching this but I know that everyone is here for a reason and that's just how life is. We all have a purpose.
3:15 Literally no consumer printer uses a stepper motor to move the carriage or the paper feed since at least 15 years XD it's a DC motor driven by a PWM signal, it uses an encoder strip (linear for the carriage and round for the paper feed) to see exactly how the motor moves and where the carriage is located. I'd also point out that there are inkjet printers (such as Brother and Epson) that use piezoelectric printheads, they don't use resistors to generate ink droplets
Fascinating, I never really thought about how they work. The only thing is here where I live you just about have to trade your firstborn for HP cartridges, they're super expensive.
as someone dealing with converted DTG printers, I can tell you I had very close relationship with printheads and inks in over 10 years, and indeed its incredible
It would be interesting to learn how the printheads are made. I’m pretty sure the nozzle holes are made using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). They have to be perfect circles but only like 20 micron diameter. Btw thanks for the great video!
Just to get an idea: 10 cm X 10 cm X 10 cm = 1L (one liter water is one Kg) 1 cm X 1 cm X 1 cm = 1 mL (of water is 1 gm) 1 mm X 1 mm X 1 mm = 1 uL (for water, it will be a mg) 0.1 mm X 0.1 mm X 0.1 mm = 1nL (a ug of water) -> small but barely visible 0.01 mm X 0.01 mm X 0.01 mm = 1pL - you need a microscope to see the drop to get pL size drops, you need holes that are smaller than 20 micron (10 micron = 0.01 mm)
Yeah, that would be interesting to know. I don't know for real, but I would guess they could be made with photolithography same way like other small devices and especially semiconductor electronics are usually made. If not, maybe another way could be to use a laser?
They’re made using semiconductor photolithography. That also conveniently allows some of the drive electronics to be manufactured directly into the head itself without needing separate chips.
I really enjoy your videos and learn a lot from them. Can you make a video on how silicon is doped (practically) to produce N-Type and P-Type semiconductors? I always wanted to understand how all this is done to produce electronic circuits and components. You have made videos on how semiconductor devices operate but, there's no video based on how they're manufactured. Thank you!
for a p type semiconductor, trivalent atoms like boron, indium or gallium is accelerated in a chamber and strikes the Si wafer with high velocity. Same for N type, use a pentavalent atom.
Thank you lesics for sharpening our knowledge💯🔥. Can you do a video on how modern car safety features work like lane departure, pre crash safety stuff like that
at 0:03 the image shows a yellow blob of Paint with the letter Y, a magenta blob of paint with the letter C and a cyan blob with the letter M, shouldn't the letters for cyan and magenta be switched? (letter C for cyan and letter M for magenta)
for anyone whos wondering why the primary colors are red, green and blue its because our eyes see this way the cone cells in us humans retina responsible for color vision are sensitive to three different wavelength roughly equivalent to red green and yellow color
Hi, not an expert, however I believe we don't have the same issue because CMY are a mix of RGB, basically a Yellow molecule will reflect green and red at the same time, a cyan one will reflect blue and green at the same time, now since they have a common reflected color, which here is green, we won't have any black spots, which is normally caused by the fact that all colors are absorbed, here since both reflect green, then even though red and blue will be absorbed, green won't and we obtain a green color.
As an example, let’s say we want to make blue from cyan and magenta. The molecular layer of cyan reflects green and blue (primary colors that make cyan). When it passes through magenta, it will only allow blue to pass through as green is absorbed. Likewise, when red and blue (primary colors that make magenta) are reflected from magenta and pass through cyan, only blue is reflected as red is absorbed. No black color is produced.
It's down to how much it reflects. RGB inks only reflect 1/3 colours from the incoming light. CMY inks reflect 2/3, so any two inks will always have a common colour reflected and thus you only get black when you have all three together. Well, in the ideal case, anyway. Real inks aren't perfect and tend to produce brown rather than black when you mix all three primaries together, which is why you have black ink as well. Using actual black instead of a mix of CMY also reduces how wet the paper gets, which is good for keeping it flat.
8:50 I want to explain how we did find out red's inverted is cyan; green's is magenta and blue's is yellow? If we look out for hexadecimal code of red it is #FF0000 (F is highest value in hex and 0 lowest same as 1 highest in binary and 0 lowest in the same) if we inverse hex code of red we get #0000FF; similarly for green hex is #00FF00 its inverse magenta is #FF00FF and the last (if you understood the concept you can predict it) blue the hex is #0000FF its inverse yellow's is #FFFF00
Inkjet Printers were revolutionary at that time. But now they have proved to be very costly due to expensive ink costs. I prefer Ink Tank printers as they are more effective.
The inkjet printer is cheap because the manufacturers make the printer at a loss and takes back the profits on the ink. Its often cheaper to throw away the entire machine and buy a new then to replace the ink cartridges and so this contributes to todays throw away society where fully working things are thrown away on the scrap heap because its cheaper to get a new then to repair it or replenish its supplies. Also when the head cleaning procedure is performed this takes more ink then to print a page with 100 % coverage to waste ink on purpose and this cleaning cycle is performed every time you want to print something after just some day of previous inactivity even if you just want to print some text at the moment. At least thats how it was on my Epson photo printer. Needles to say I got myself a laser instead as I don´t print that often and so the printer ended up wasting 90 % of the ink on head cleaning.
@@johnpekkala6941 True. This leads to more waste and companies do not recycle these. But they sell you the cartridge by labelling it as made put of 80% recycled material, when only a few people buy it.
theyre still inkjet, just ink is in a separate tank instead of a tiny amount in the cartridge, which is also the printhead, this is one reason why theyre expensive
My Canon printer decided it wasn't heating those coils hot enough and quit printing. It was printing beautifully before... started throwing out this message from time to time, stopped working altogether at some point. Planned OBSOLESCENCE. Ink tanks shrunk to the size of a spit, sabotaging chips and when the printer quits printing your SCANNER STOPS working. These PRINTER producing companies should be REGULATED and heavily fined for environmental damage, end user fraud and printing ink bloated prices.
as a traditional artist (who does landscape painting) and an (maybe unhealthy?) interest in printers, I feel like my brain expanded and i cant stop smiling to appreaciate this channel.
Inkjet ink - one of the most expensive liquids on the face of this planet. Printers are sold at a loss as the ink more than makes up for sustained profits.
@@Thrill98 cant always, many have chips in that count down the number of dots printed and throw a wobbly when it goes too low,, you used to be able to get chip resetters for doing this but dont hear of them now
You're not wrong on your claims, but there's also a caveat in ink jet technology. Since the nozzles are so tiny small, it's very easy for the ink to dry and clog up a nozzle. So the printer needs to be constantly cleaning itself to keep the nozzles free, and the way to do it is to purge and waste away some ink that has already started to dry out of the nozzles. There's no way around this. If you use your printer seldom and always need to be cleaning printing heads and buying new ink cartridges, maybe the best solution for you would be to buy a laser printer as they don't suffer from this problem. Just turn on and print! Color laser printers are expensive but the black only aren't. Or, if you print very very seldom, probably the cheapest solution is to print your documents on a printing business. It's more expensive per copy but you don't need to own a printer and maintain it.
@@Humongous_Pig_Benis yeah, I did just that - laser printers are more suitable for sitting off for extended times.. inkjets are only going to be useful if someone is using them every day or two I think. I think they should never be bought by anyone wanting only blue moon / occasional use as all that will happen is you get maybe a dozen pages per set of ink cartridges which makes them extremely expensive and wasteful (as they all do scummy DRM on the cartridges to make it harder to fill up or use alternatives to theirs)
@@Humongous_Pig_Benis : Better seals between the inkjet head and the pad. Plus when we cleaned the heads we used a cleaning solution pumped through the inkjet head. Also commercial printers use continuous inkjet technology (CIJ) to print so they have the advantages of one without the disadvantages.
Technically you are right, but you could print a version of the image where the hues are shifted 180 degrees. This will cause cyan to become red, magenta green and yellow blue (and vice versa) while not changing brightness. By replacing the colors appropriately, the experiment could be performed. I'm not sure they bothered to do that, though, since they knew it would fail anyway (for the reasons given later).
But if you re inject the cyan yellow and magenta ink cartridges with red green and blue the printer will still read it as cyan yellow and magenta, unless you reprogramme the ink cartridge to say this is blue ect.. it'll just follow as suit, so your flower example is a poor example, can be used easily trick a layman into agreeing with your argument or model as they will assume you're being coherent when you're not.
About 35 years ago when I purchased my son a commander 64 whose $200 printer used an expensive ribbon cartridge that only printed around 11 color pages. Think black & white printing was not much better. about 30 years ago purchased a computer that you had to use a think it was around $200 scanner to scan a page then download it then print it out. Probably took over 5 minutes to turn everything on wait for boot up to print 1 black & white page. That was a Dell printer that for years you had go pay more then other company printers because only rip off Dell sold the ink cartridges. Now you can purchase a 3 in one printer good enough for house use for less then $80. A coworker waited for black Friday deals and purchased 4 identical printers on a great sale. He told me he saved over $15 just using the 2 ink cartridges from 3 that he would never use. Thanks for the great vid.
That's a very nicely done video. I always wondered about why RGB doesn't work with printers, and it was both explained and illustrated very well. But I had inkjet printers ages ago and would never go back to one as I could never stop them from clogging. I just keep a Samsung monotone laser 3-in-1 now, and that does what I need.
First principal method is the most effective way to understand anything. You have implemented it so efficiently, complex process like this is easy to understand..
The use of inverted RGB was mind blowing. Haven’t learned something so interesting in a long time
Hmm... I learned the differences between and additive and subtractive (as in paint) colors when I was in grade school.
@@dizzywow Who?
It is really just the different physics of additive and substractive lighting. Materials are colorful because they absorb wavelengths selectively. Light is colorful because it is of different wavelengths to begin with.
Then maybe you'll find the following information interesting too: In particle physics, and more specifically quantum chromodynamics, a "color" charge is used to describe properties of the quarks, the fundamental constituents of protons! Thus we have red, green and blue quarks. Now things get more interesting because, as you might have heard, protons are particles of matter, so you have to combine rgb quarks to create a "white" (or neutrally color charged) proton. And then you have antiprotons that have inverted color charged antiquarks, being cyan, magenta and yellow in colour charge, creating again a color neutral antiproton!!! so, to sum up, matter is fundamentally rgb and antimatter is cmy!!!! Those colors are only metaphorical, as a way to describe their charge and have no relation to the color of physical objects whatsoever! If you are interested in this, look up Murray Gell-Mann and have a nice day :)
this blew my mind
A perfect example of how the engineers can make you love a product, and then the marketing department can make you hate it.
Don't forget the lazy programmers😂
And the enforced obsolescence built in.
And the scam that are cartridges
then just hire the engineers, then market it yourself, and let's see if you do printers business long enough to see yourself become the villain
And an industry that doesn't provide replacement parts.
I've taken printers for granted, I had no idea how complex they actually were!
we all did ...
Considering the $ of an ink printer...
I have Epson stylus 1390 which is made in 2008. I'm facing issue in that printer it's drop ink from it's Head after while without used.
Can we print stickers from this printer????
epic indeed
Imagine being an engineer spending your entire life making this technology perfect, only for the companies to make them unreliable and expensive, and to see everyone despise your creation for being annoying
Hey it's the horizon. Looks like he is getting an engineering degree
Story of my life, The Horizon
you should make a lag machine based on a printer
didn’t expect to see you here lmao
It's so P2W, you should lag out the server.
*with quality animations like in this video conventional schools are gonna have a tuff time in future...*
Not at all. This video is designed to Educate. Schools now exist (as demonstrated by international test scores and rankings) to Indoctrinate. So there should be no conflict. :)
Hate schools 😝
get service. #hidden
Honestly, conventional schooling has been in dire need of one hell of a massive, system-wide overhaul at every single level for a very long time now.
They have been having a "tough time" for 10-30+ years due to being so horrendously bad at everything from peaking student interest to curriculum to leaking politics into the education system.
I have finally understood why primary colors are not used in ink cartridges. Like always, another great video. Thank you.
Technically they do use primary colors. The primary colors are different depending on if it is additive or subtractive color space. Black (K) is added because using CMY to make it darker takes a lot of ink and ends up being a muddy dark brownish color due to the accuracy limitations of inks.
they do use it , it’s the shading and heat being transfer changes the perspectives,, welll the tech behind it
It baffles me to know that there are micro nozzles and heating resistors in an absurdly large quantity while being extremely tiny yet they manage to print impeccable pictures.
@Dr. Irina Luminesk Right. However, this is electromechanical device which handles real fluid not just electrons and holes. Maybe nanorobots would be a fair comparison.
I would have guessed that making of the heads would be hard and expensive and thus ink heads should be loose from the ink but nope they somehow made them so easy to manufacture and all and also make them so hard to reuse and so just wow
@Dr. Irina Luminesk Please look up MEMS. It's not a trivial thing.
That explains while ink cartridges that include the head are often almost as expensive as a whole new printer q_q
Tinier they can get better the pics will be...
Now I know where the "dot" in the DPI comes from. these engineers are truly amazing.
ikr
This is how schools should teach students. Not just theory but practically also. Human mind works in images only, Not text and numbers. Never goona forget this engineering video. Loved it.
Text and numbers are fine, but there are situations such as these where images are just way better
@@fitmotheyap I would say text and numbers are also images which make understanding our world easier/possible. But because of how complex things are now they alone are just not good enough to explain and teach certain concepts and need to be used alongside the modern day "image" and quite frankly video too since in many cases things are still too complex for still images
Engineers rule. I came to understand the nozzle design at 1:00 and rolled my eyes at the RGB/CMY part... until I kept watching and got humbled by how sophisticated it actually is.
same bro
My mind was blown and baffled by 1:35 where "heating up resistor coils" came into play. Just the thought of how intricate a printer can be is amazing. 👍🏻😊
That is why the cartridge comes costly.
That's the least surprising thing going on with it bit nonetheless I appreciate your appreciation 👍
@@Eren-da-Jaeger the cartridge doesn't have them.
Love your printer before it becomes a Decepticon.
@@fatitankeris6327 Some cartridges do come with the print head. It's more expensive but ensures you get clean nozzles each time without wasteful (and not always successful) cleaning cycles.
My mind is just blown
And the way you explain this in a simpler way is just so amazing
I wish you would have been my University Teacher
As a printing technology student I have found the animation really clear and rigorous. I couldn't wrap my head around the principle how a printing head releases ink and what toggles it to produce a needed output. Thank you really much for the insightful chunk of knowledge!!
Hats off to Sabin and his entire team (if any). So beautifully explained that even a small kid will understand the science behind this complex engineering. I would request Lesics to do such videos covering all the high school topics.
Excellent. Thank you.
I can't hardly imagine an engineer dreaming this up: "ok, so, we'll put a teeny tiny heater coil above a channel of ink, that will cause a vapor bubble that will force out a droplet of perfect size. And then after turning off the coil, the meniscus with draw the ink back into the chamber, and then return to the surface but without releasing anymore ink. And it will do all of this in a tiny fraction of a second. Sound good? Let's spend a few hundred thousand on this idea now to see if it works..."
Probably started as a giant apparatus on a dirty workbench, and iterated from there over 50 years, nevertheless, incredible.
Apparently the action of heating up the ink to create a bubble that would force it out was by accident, from creating strips soaked in ink for typewriters, and it got heated up somehow and exploded ink everywhere. And lo, the printer was born. I think the ink droplets get fired out at like 20-40mph from your injet cartridge too.
@@alexjohnward exactly, this is the result of 50 years trial and error by thousands of engineers
Here's an excellent example of how things that seem simple turn out to be extremely complex and the result of long and painstaking investigations.
On the other hand, this video is an example of excellent information and dissemination work. Great job! Thanks!
I can't even imagine how much editings were required to explain this in simplest way. Just loved it!
Minor correction: DPI is *not* a count of how many dots per square inch of paper, as suggested at 11:00 - it's how many dots there are per linear inch.
300 dots per square inch would equal about 17 dots per linear inch, and that would look very, very bad indeed!
thanks for pointing that out
@pyropulse lol
So with that logic, there's actually 90k dots per square inch?
I think there’s a difference between square inch and “inch square” but yeah it does almost imply that it’s a lot less detailed
Yeah more DPI=better image
I always asked myself how inkjet printers works. I'm totally amazed about the engineering and I never thought it would be that complex.
I'm an Inkjet Technician at a ceramic tile factory near Nashville Tennessee.
The Inkjet printers we operate are as big as a bus and the material being printed moves with the conveyor, the heads are stationary.
Anyway, this is 1 of the best videos on inkjet tech I've yet to find!
Would you be against making that
"Other Video" (about meniscus)
you referred to early on‽‽‽
Once I have requested for this vid. Thanks a lot!
I request to know what a _"Priting Path"_ is.
Lol, this is a animal video LINKS to confuse me
Every where we see Science and Technology, and the engineers who made impossible to possible...🔥
A Great Salute for them...👷♂️
Absolutly👏
We need less science! It's rotting our brains, causing us to try to cure global pandemics with the jab, wanting to go to mars and think the world is melting! (I'm being sarcastic and facetious)
Finally someone who actually explained how printers work in much detail
Just wow!! Thanks for going at lengths to make us understand the brilliant engineering behind modern printers. I learnt a great deal by this video. Thanks a ton!!
How many people see this what I see, as the video progresses I have more questions, and Lesics answers them one by one.... A complete satisfaction... This guy is a real CURIOUS person..... Kudos to their effort....
Wow! interesting mechanism and minor details that's goes into built a simple inkjet printer.
Wowww
Thanks
How did you do this ?
There's no thanks button on my RUclips.
@@LabArlyn he has joined the channel or sth idk
It's not cheap lol. It costs as much as a Netflix premium subscription 🥲
A perfect example of how a detailed informative video should be. Great video, it takes lots of courage and efforts to make such contents. Thank you.
One of the very few channels I have turned on notifications for. Thank you Lesics for another incredibly well made video!
Me too
This was actually very insightful, thank you! I knew that cyan magenta and yellow can create any human recognizable color, but I never knew the actual science behind it being inverted rgb and all that. I still don’t quite understand but I think I might look more into it. Also cmyk looks so aesthetic in my opinion. The colors are just so vibrant and pop out and the black makes it perfect
If I remember correctly from the Gicleé printing, modern printers do not actually have that many nozzles densely packed in the printer heads. Instead they use "amplitude modulation", i.e. by somehow changing the size of the ink droplets to achieve an *equivalent* of the boasted resolution. The most advanced Gicleé printer goes up to 4800 DPI but the most advanced C-print (the good old Kodak photo printing) has only 640 DPI yet both yield shoulder to shoulder image quality in terms of details.
Amazing video and learning experience as always!
Stop using animals video LINKS to confuse me.
Amazing, super-engaging animation !
Rich folks 🥲
@@Jake-ct2wj actually less than 1$😂
I m myself a Dr but have huge respect for these genius engineers and there extraordinary mind-blowing engineering.👍👍👍
I always wanted to search this video (for years), today I got this in recommendation
Love you guys for this awesome explanation
hey Today I again searched this video, thank It helped me in bulding my own product
Amaizing video! Great job
Using CMYK colors (subtractive colors) in a digital display also gives you an inverted image which is equivalent to using RGB colors (additive colors) in an inkjet printer.
sorry, but this is simply not true, monitor with cmy subpixels cannot work as a full color display
Thank you, i was wanted to know working of printers are work...by your detailed video i got easily ...
Please next time make video on laser printer also 🙏
Both engineers and animators are INSANE
I just watched this video first thing in the morning, and now I am already feeling that my day is productive! Thank You.
9:09 Unless there have been some new developments in printer technology I am not aware of, I have never heard of printers mixing inks as shown here. Most printers I am aware of mix colors by putting down overlapping grids of dots where each grid is slightly misaligned from each other. The eye does the color mixing.
Exactly! When I heard it, it seemed strange and impractical to me, so I watched a printed image and the dots are misaligned as I thought! (Like black in the video)
@@MyNotSoHumbleOpinion The process is called halftoning. It's essentially the same as used by publishers when printing full-color books, magazines, newspapers, etc. Everything is printed at the same intensity, the size of the dots change to give the effect of different amounts of each color. You can usually see it best in the comics section of a newspaper, Sunday edition.
A desktop printer will typically measure its resolution in DPI, or dots per inch, and the numbers will be something like 300dpi, 600dpi, and 1200dpi. A halftone image is measured in LPI, or lines per inch, and they will be 75lpi for newspapers and 133lpi for most books and magazines. The halftone grid is at an angle to the page with black at a 45° angle, cyan at 15°, magenta at 75° and yellow at 0°.
Well, you gotta consider the paper is still ever so slightly damp right after the page prints, which means the ink right under the line being printed indeed is still wet during each print head pass.
And you better believe the printer manufacturer wants to waste as much ink as humanly possible while still producing a quality printout. So yes, they'll gladly overlap the inks not only in a dithered pattern but also right on top of each other too.
Ink costs more than human blood ya know...
Now I understand why printers and their catridges are expensive… Thanks alot
The cartridge are expensive because they sell printers at a loss
No, printer cartilages are actually cheap, less than 50 rupees to make one.
Correct… the cheaper printers are actually expensive to maintain… its a pricing tactic that these companies do… the more worthy inkjets are in 12k+ range
By weight, printing ink is more expensive than gold.
I'm very impressed with ur incredible information. And sooooo . We hats off to u dude ❤️❤️❤️
This was like a trip down memory lane, I worked for Hewlett Packard 1980 ~ 2002
Part of that time was working with the Printing Division, which included InkJet Printers
Lot's of comments on cost of cartridges... They operated the en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Razor_and_blades_model
FYI...
Some of the engineering design concepts go back to 1867, yes 1867..!! Continuous Inkjet to print Telegraphy on paper tape
😲
What a great video. I remember back then in high school when my physics teacher said that basic colors are red, green, & blue. But I insisted that basic colors are red, yellow, & blue. But now I am understand that both of us were right. Its just depends on what principal is used. Thank you lesics😊
I use inkjet printer for my business 365 days a year, but I didn't knew the hidden complexity of printer. Lesics 👀 opener appreciate it!
I like the Quality of the Animation how realistic it is... 👍🙂
You should mention piezoelectric print heads, which are also very common. Halftoning should be discussed. Also would be good to describe dye vs pigment based inks!
Thank you for confirming my first impulse on seeing these heating resistors. As i'm intuitively thinking mechanical force as in piezoelektric elements would be faster to react.
Correct. Epson uses pizeo, while HP uses heated resistors. There's also other means of printing from waxes (think crayons) to banded color ribbons (old-school impact).
@@brodriguez11000 If memory serves, the wax printers take a long time to start up and use a lot of standby power to keep the wax in the print-heads molten.
Well piezoelectric material need more control technique coz they have 2 position/phase in some certain point of Volt or potential different. But well, they are interesting technology, cant imagine what will my son do while being an Engineer. The techonolgy moves really fast bro, our brain sttruggling follow all the changes XD
They did mention halftoning in the case of Black. But it is used in other colours as well.
Back in the day, I had to print a lot of documents. To save ink, I lowered the DPI; however, I had to replace ink cartridges quicker. After six months, I used the standard DPI setting and the cartridges lasted longer. I don't know if lowering the DPI means bigger drops of ink or what.
dpi changes the resolution, so the printer just makes few dots the same (like high resolution screen trying to show low resolution - it shows one pixel using multiple pixels showing the same color). For lower ink consumption you can lower the brightness or use "draft" mode in printer settings.
Best ever explanation of printer mechanism
This is mind blowing how smart some humans really are. I feel so slow after watching this but I know that everyone is here for a reason and that's just how life is. We all have a purpose.
3:15
Literally no consumer printer uses a stepper motor to move the carriage or the paper feed since at least 15 years XD it's a DC motor driven by a PWM signal, it uses an encoder strip (linear for the carriage and round for the paper feed) to see exactly how the motor moves and where the carriage is located.
I'd also point out that there are inkjet printers (such as Brother and Epson) that use piezoelectric printheads, they don't use resistors to generate ink droplets
Fascinating, I never really thought about how they work. The only thing is here where I live you just about have to trade your firstborn for HP cartridges, they're super expensive.
A home trash compactor would be interesting to learn about!
as someone dealing with converted DTG printers, I can tell you I had very close relationship with printheads and inks in over 10 years, and indeed its incredible
Thnaks for explaining something I take for granted everyday. Great video.
It would be interesting to learn how the printheads are made. I’m pretty sure the nozzle holes are made using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). They have to be perfect circles but only like 20 micron diameter. Btw thanks for the great video!
Just to get an idea:
10 cm X 10 cm X 10 cm = 1L (one liter water is one Kg)
1 cm X 1 cm X 1 cm = 1 mL (of water is 1 gm)
1 mm X 1 mm X 1 mm = 1 uL (for water, it will be a mg)
0.1 mm X 0.1 mm X 0.1 mm = 1nL (a ug of water) -> small but barely visible
0.01 mm X 0.01 mm X 0.01 mm = 1pL - you need a microscope to see the drop
to get pL size drops, you need holes that are smaller than 20 micron (10 micron = 0.01 mm)
@@janami-dharmam didn’t know that making a nozzle holes requires a sorcerer
Yeah, that would be interesting to know. I don't know for real, but I would guess they could be made with photolithography same way like other small devices and especially semiconductor electronics are usually made. If not, maybe another way could be to use a laser?
They’re made using semiconductor photolithography. That also conveniently allows some of the drive electronics to be manufactured directly into the head itself without needing separate chips.
This is so much complex i had no idea how beautiful engineering was behind it.
Amazing video, what software did you use to make the illustrations ?
yeah I'll love to know this too
Last time i heard they use blender, but could be something different now
It's even more complicated and amazing how printers work than I thought
LECIS!!!! You guys are doing exceptionally great.
I really enjoy your videos and learn a lot from them. Can you make a video on how silicon is doped (practically) to produce N-Type and P-Type semiconductors? I always wanted to understand how all this is done to produce electronic circuits and components. You have made videos on how semiconductor devices operate but, there's no video based on how they're manufactured. Thank you!
for a p type semiconductor, trivalent atoms like boron, indium or gallium is accelerated in a chamber and strikes the Si wafer with high velocity. Same for N type, use a pentavalent atom.
@@roshanantony7467 but isn't doping a covalent bond between silicon and boron/phosphorus?
Thank you lesics for sharpening our knowledge💯🔥. Can you do a video on how modern car safety features work like lane departure, pre crash safety stuff like that
at 0:03 the image shows a yellow blob of Paint with the letter Y, a magenta blob of paint with the letter C and a cyan blob with the letter M, shouldn't the letters for cyan and magenta be switched? (letter C for cyan and letter M for magenta)
Waaoooo..... I printed thousands of photos but never knew this... Thanks a lot... keep up the good work.
The best ever explanation I have found regarding inkjet. I'm using a laser printer over the Inkjet.
for anyone whos wondering why the primary colors are red, green and blue
its because our eyes see this way
the cone cells in us humans retina responsible for color vision are sensitive to three different wavelength roughly equivalent to red green and yellow color
Don't understand why CMY colors won't have the same issue as RGB. Would be great if someone explained CMY with the same 2 layer molecule theory.
Hi, not an expert, however I believe we don't have the same issue because CMY are a mix of RGB, basically a Yellow molecule will reflect green and red at the same time, a cyan one will reflect blue and green at the same time, now since they have a common reflected color, which here is green, we won't have any black spots, which is normally caused by the fact that all colors are absorbed, here since both reflect green, then even though red and blue will be absorbed, green won't and we obtain a green color.
As an example, let’s say we want to make blue from cyan and magenta. The molecular layer of cyan reflects green and blue (primary colors that make cyan). When it passes through magenta, it will only allow blue to pass through as green is absorbed. Likewise, when red and blue (primary colors that make magenta) are reflected from magenta and pass through cyan, only blue is reflected as red is absorbed. No black color is produced.
Nice explanation yall 👍
Yes
It's down to how much it reflects. RGB inks only reflect 1/3 colours from the incoming light. CMY inks reflect 2/3, so any two inks will always have a common colour reflected and thus you only get black when you have all three together. Well, in the ideal case, anyway. Real inks aren't perfect and tend to produce brown rather than black when you mix all three primaries together, which is why you have black ink as well. Using actual black instead of a mix of CMY also reduces how wet the paper gets, which is good for keeping it flat.
8:50 I want to explain how we did find out red's inverted is cyan; green's is magenta and blue's is yellow? If we look out for hexadecimal code of red it is #FF0000 (F is highest value in hex and 0 lowest same as 1 highest in binary and 0 lowest in the same) if we inverse hex code of red we get #0000FF; similarly for green hex is #00FF00 its inverse magenta is #FF00FF and the last (if you understood the concept you can predict it) blue the hex is #0000FF its inverse yellow's is #FFFF00
When you think about it, most of the modern technologies we enjoy are the result of how clever engineers are tricking us.
Can't even understand how the engineers get to make this a reality. This is really a top engineering output..
Inkjet Printers were revolutionary at that time. But now they have proved to be very costly due to expensive ink costs.
I prefer Ink Tank printers as they are more effective.
They're ALL ink tanks if you get creative :D
The inkjet printer is cheap because the manufacturers make the printer at a loss and takes back the profits on the ink. Its often cheaper to throw away the entire machine and buy a new then to replace the ink cartridges and so this contributes to todays throw away society where fully working things are thrown away on the scrap heap because its cheaper to get a new then to repair it or replenish its supplies. Also when the head cleaning procedure is performed this takes more ink then to print a page with 100 % coverage to waste ink on purpose and this cleaning cycle is performed every time you want to print something after just some day of previous inactivity even if you just want to print some text at the moment. At least thats how it was on my Epson photo printer. Needles to say I got myself a laser instead as I don´t print that often and so the printer ended up wasting 90 % of the ink on head cleaning.
@@johnpekkala6941 True. This leads to more waste and companies do not recycle these. But they sell you the cartridge by labelling it as made put of 80% recycled material, when only a few people buy it.
@@johnpekkala6941 It's called the en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Razor_and_blades_model
theyre still inkjet, just ink is in a separate tank instead of a tiny amount in the cartridge, which is also the printhead, this is one reason why theyre expensive
My Canon printer decided it wasn't heating those coils hot enough and quit printing.
It was printing beautifully before... started throwing out this message from time to time, stopped working altogether at some point.
Planned OBSOLESCENCE. Ink tanks shrunk to the size of a spit, sabotaging chips and when the printer quits printing your SCANNER STOPS working.
These PRINTER producing companies should be REGULATED and heavily fined for environmental damage, end user fraud and printing ink bloated prices.
NEVER ever buy Canon printer
Explains the high cost of printer ink cartridges. Thank you.
biznis
No, look at the ink tank printers that do the same job and their ink kosten a fraction of the price
Probably, the best explanation on why use CMYK in printing. Excellent Video.
as a traditional artist (who does landscape painting) and an (maybe unhealthy?) interest in printers, I feel like my brain expanded and i cant stop smiling to appreaciate this channel.
Inkjet ink - one of the most expensive liquids on the face of this planet. Printers are sold at a loss as the ink more than makes up for sustained profits.
Thats why i rebuy the whole printer when i need more ink lmao
@@d00s0n refill ink using the third party. 10 times cheaper
@@Thrill98 cant always, many have chips in that count down the number of dots printed and throw a wobbly when it goes too low,, you used to be able to get chip resetters for doing this but dont hear of them now
@@andygozzo72 yeah not sure about new models maybe that's why i love my old printer cacon cause it's still possible to reset the count
What's amazing is how inkjet ink cartridges are so useless they need replacing for just about every time you use the thing!
yup they make it so you have to buy quick and they are not cheap and cant use 3rd party style as they like make it so you have to use their brand
You're not wrong on your claims, but there's also a caveat in ink jet technology. Since the nozzles are so tiny small, it's very easy for the ink to dry and clog up a nozzle. So the printer needs to be constantly cleaning itself to keep the nozzles free, and the way to do it is to purge and waste away some ink that has already started to dry out of the nozzles. There's no way around this.
If you use your printer seldom and always need to be cleaning printing heads and buying new ink cartridges, maybe the best solution for you would be to buy a laser printer as they don't suffer from this problem. Just turn on and print! Color laser printers are expensive but the black only aren't.
Or, if you print very very seldom, probably the cheapest solution is to print your documents on a printing business. It's more expensive per copy but you don't need to own a printer and maintain it.
@@Humongous_Pig_Benis yeah, I did just that - laser printers are more suitable for sitting off for extended times.. inkjets are only going to be useful if someone is using them every day or two I think. I think they should never be bought by anyone wanting only blue moon / occasional use as all that will happen is you get maybe a dozen pages per set of ink cartridges which makes them extremely expensive and wasteful (as they all do scummy DRM on the cartridges to make it harder to fill up or use alternatives to theirs)
@@Humongous_Pig_Benis : Better seals between the inkjet head and the pad. Plus when we cleaned the heads we used a cleaning solution pumped through the inkjet head. Also commercial printers use continuous inkjet technology (CIJ) to print so they have the advantages of one without the disadvantages.
I don't get the example with putting RGB ink into the printer. Doesn't the printer still assume it has CMY colors, and hence the result?
The same thing i asked myself
Technically you are right, but you could print a version of the image where the hues are shifted 180 degrees. This will cause cyan to become red, magenta green and yellow blue (and vice versa) while not changing brightness. By replacing the colors appropriately, the experiment could be performed. I'm not sure they bothered to do that, though, since they knew it would fail anyway (for the reasons given later).
Actually what's the doubt here? Why should printer assume anything?.. Like does the printer know which colour we use inside it?
@@Pfor_Podi I guess. It receives pixel color data and it probably translates that to CMY
OMG, this answered all my questions on how color printers create all those colors. What an incredibly well done video. Thanks for the knowledge :0)
Amazing Engineering ... Best presentation
And remember folks, unless you're printing photographs literally everyday, don't buy an inkjet! Get a laser printer.
But if you re inject the cyan yellow and magenta ink cartridges with red green and blue the printer will still read it as cyan yellow and magenta, unless you reprogramme the ink cartridge to say this is blue ect.. it'll just follow as suit, so your flower example is a poor example, can be used easily trick a layman into agreeing with your argument or model as they will assume you're being coherent when you're not.
Epson printer used micropiezo electric not used heat bubble ink like cannon, hp, and other printers
About 35 years ago when I purchased my son a commander 64 whose $200 printer used an expensive ribbon cartridge that only printed around 11 color pages. Think black & white printing was not much better. about 30 years ago purchased a computer that you had to use a think it was around $200 scanner to scan a page then download it then print it out. Probably took over 5 minutes to turn everything on wait for boot up to print 1 black & white page. That was a Dell printer that for years you had go pay more then other company printers because only rip off Dell sold the ink cartridges. Now you can purchase a 3 in one printer good enough for house use for less then $80. A coworker waited for black Friday deals and purchased 4 identical printers on a great sale. He told me he saved over $15 just using the 2 ink cartridges from 3 that he would never use. Thanks for the great vid.
It's nice video, gave me clear picture of inkjet printer.
0:04 c stands for cyan and m for magenta
Those are not in the right place
That's a very nicely done video. I always wondered about why RGB doesn't work with printers, and it was both explained and illustrated very well. But I had inkjet printers ages ago and would never go back to one as I could never stop them from clogging. I just keep a Samsung monotone laser 3-in-1 now, and that does what I need.
This is one of the best hardware videos I've ever seen.
I loved this explanation and the deep details, as an engineer, we really do need these videos in our studies
Amazed ! That's some serious demonstration of how technology works, way better than studying at schools or colleges.
I don't know how I ended up watching this video, but it was interesting to know how printers work.
First principal method is the most effective way to understand anything. You have implemented it so efficiently, complex process like this is easy to understand..
This is Nobel Prize level, no doubt. Extremely impressive!!
Best teacher ever I seen, thanks a lot you change my perception while viewing things with every video
One of the best channel on RUclips. Very cleverly designed videos for the best understanding. Thank you Lesics☺️
🙂
You guys outdid yourselves in this video. Awesome!
I am mechanical engineer and having same printer ,thank you for quenching the thirst of knowledge
iam really very thank full to lesics team such a nice explanation of everything with animation it helps to understand anything
Wow... Amazing information 🙏🙏🙏
give this team a gold medallion..