Egyptian chariots are light and are designed for wheeling maneuvers, quick flanking, and rapid delivery of arrows. The primary work would be done by the infantry armies. The chariot used as the basis here, and that too just its frame, is a 14th century BC one of Thutmose IV. However, in India, chariots were much more like modern tanks. They were designed to go into the thick of things and keep going for long. They're heavier, slower, much more sturdily built, and a fair bit larger as well. It is in India, in the Sinauli excavation site, as revealed by archeological study in 2018, that we actually find semi-complete chariots in near perfect condition (discounting invariable decay over time). The chariots (there are three in total from a single site) are from a thousand years before the chariot from this documentary, from the 23rd or 24th century BC. Copper plating on the front to act like armor, along with thick non-spoked wheels three layers thick, make the Indian chariot innovation much, much sturdier and suitable for heavy combat than the lighter Egyptian chariot. It could also be that the Egyptian one was designed to commute through sandy desert landscapes, leading to more flexible and lightweight constructions as opposed to the sturdy, heavyweight copper-wood constructions from 2500 BC India. It's the difference between a camel and an elephant. A camel is designed for survival and commute in the desert, with soft feet and light running and overall gangly construction. An elephant, on the other hand, is stout, sturdy, hardy, powerful, compact in its musculature, and immensely strong and thick in its overall build. It would have been unnecessary in the sands of Egypt to have huge battalions of chariot troops since the Egyptian mode of war was more in support of infantry charges, but in India, all four parts of traditional army- cavalry, elephants, chariots, and infantry- were valued equally, with elephants and chariots being considered the most valuable troops. The use of chariots in India died out by the time of Chanakya in the fourth century BC and chariots were masked up by elephant troops. In the wars Ashoka fought against Kalinga and the ancestors of Khaaravela, there were no chariots used but thousands of elephants. The basic idea is that the Indian construction of the chariot, arguably the only complete constructional idea we have of a chariot in the world based on archaeology, was much older and designed for different things from the Egyptian chariot, while following much the same forms. There were also wider war chariots that were pulled by a massive team of four horses, capable of holding a charioteer, a warrior, and two attendants alongside extensive weaponry such as maces, clubs, axes, bows, arrows, javelins, spears, and polearms. It is now time to do the same kind of reconstructive archaeology as has been done in the Egyptian chariot forum on that of the Indian forum. This shouldn't be half as hard as the Egyptian type, owing to the existence of three near-perfect constructions available to us already.
the ancient indian chariot was much like the Hittite chariots then. built for shock. I read that Hittite chariots were wide enough for three men and pulled by up to four horses.
I love it, she said the yoke needed to be looser or you'll get rebellion in the horses. They loosen the harness and yoke and got rebellion in the horses. They tighten it back up and they worked as a team because it wasn't slipping down their backs becoming uncomfortable. Some people just need to be heard, given a polite nod and then ignored.
While they mention the Hyksos, they do not mention that it was the Hyksos that brought in the Chariots, horses and Tin /Bronze weapons. To Egypt circa 1700 BCE.
When Ramesses II brought a contingent of charioteers to Kadesh, it irked the Hittite king Muwatalli II rather badly because he found when he sent his soldiers against the Egyptians in the heavy, overweight chariots he deployed he found that his drivers couldn't keep up with the terrifyingly fast moving archers on board and this made circumstances extremely difficult for the Hittites logistics wise. This a major contribution to Muwatalli losing most of his men to Ramesses in the following battle, the light, well-engineered chariots of the Egyptians allowed them to basically sweep right through the Hittite ranks and pick them off very quickly!
It's important to note that the Egyptians were LOSING that battle until the chariots arrived, like the stereotypical calvary, to save the day at the last minute and force the fight to a draw. Ramses went on to spin this as a shattering victory to the folks back home. It did ensure peace throughout most of Ramses' reign as he was a skilled diplomat.
@@enoughothis That I was unaware of, regardless, as you stated, although Rameses' charioteers arrived late to the battle, Muwatalli actually disengaged telling the Pharaoh they'll fight again another day but as it is known now and possibly was inscribed on every monument that was dedicated in Ramses II's honor, his royal scribes wrote it down as a victory thanks to the king's persuasion, which he was also quite skilled in it seems. Doesn't change my view of Ramses II, though, I still think he was the most dedicated monarch and worked hard to ensure his realm would be peaceful and prosperous after he went to join the pantheon of the gods.
Considering the nature of the spokes in the wheels , being of bent wood and the difficulty of being able to bend the wood into the correct angular position even for six spokes, consider how tight that bend would need to be for a eight spoke wheel. Most likely there were too many failures in such a bend, and that would be a reason for going to six spokes. Wheels with eight spokes and above, usually use the mortise and tenon method of joinery.
I would like to see how the Egyptians managed to keep the wooden axle and wheel functioning long enough to drive flat out during a battle as well as driving it thousands of kilometers.
@@allewis4008 exactly, Also I don't think they expected all chariots to survive a battle or long travel, you can afford to lose a few if you win the war, the riders were most likely also trained in other types of combat, so even without a chariot they're still fighting
While the chariot in the museum i one of the chariots found in Tutankhamen’s tomb, if one studies the pictures of the pile of chariots, and wheels, you can see that the Top chariot on the pile has a broken axle and next to the chariot bodies, one can see a broken chariot wheel. This is evidence that Tutankhamen was most likely killed in a chariot accident, with both the wheel and axle being broken, it indicates that it was mist likely in an accident with some type of prey being hunted. One such animal with sufficient weight to snap an Axle would be a hippopotamus.
Something that has ben left out of the wheel explanation is the tire. Today thin wheels of this type use a steel corded tubber tire. Since that was not available then, I suspect that they created a braided rawhide tire interlaced into the found shape, put onto the wheel still wet and permitted to dry in place as it would tighten as it dried and create the equivalent of a band clamp. I also suspect that rawhide was used either on the axel or inside the hub to be coated with animal grease to,provide lubrication. This would prolong the life of the axels and wheel hubs as friction. Was reduced. Thereby increasing maneuverability.
48:04 It's not 'Horus'. Use the Egyptian name of their gods. This is a falcon headed figure on a war implement with a sun disk and wings, so it's Heru Wer, the brother of Aset (Isis), Set (Seth), Nekhbet (Nephthys), and Usir (Osiris) and the son of Geb and Nut. Not to be confused with Heru sa Aset, or Horus the Younger, the son of Aset and Usir. He won back the nation of Egypt from his tyrant uncle, Set. Heru Wer is unmarried, and he is the warlike protector of Egypt and Amun Ra's right hand. Once upon a time, when Set fought against the other gods and created an army of crocodiles and hippopotamuses to assail the armies of Ra, Heru Wer was the one who came to the rescue. Sobek the crocodile god, son of Nit, was perplexed by these magical crocs as was Taweret, the hippo-faced fertility goddess and guardian of pregnant women by the magical hippos. In that situation, as even Ra's arm failed, Heru Wer came into the field as a blazing sun disk with shining wings and unleased a storm of death into Set's ranks and finished them off. Since that day, Heru Wer became both the god of war and the guardian of the Pharaoh's army.
It is perfectly correct to use the name Horus. It makes no sense to be pedantic about using the invented pronunciation of Egyptian names if the rest of the dialog is in English.
@@HO-bndk But the names are in Greek. It is the Greek pronunciation. And wouldn't you say historical accuracy is important in a video claiming to be about history?
The only greatest danger for any army really was sudden sandstorms (known as haboobs) which could blow away chariots, horses, and troops and leave them disoriented, disorganized and vulnerable.
Everyone saying that the woman grinds their gears, she had the horses' best interest at mind. She's an equine expert not a carpentry expert. Even I was very much unhappy with how stiff the yoke looked at first as an equestrian. Think before you speak because everyone wants to jump on her. She was thinking that the horses would dislike the pressure and not respond well. However, she was willing to do it Robert's way. Not to mention Robert only worried about his precious chariot. The horses should always be the main focus because you can't just replace a horse just like that
The woman knew nothing about draft or carriages. That was clear by her saying the harness doesn't hold anything but provide draft. No, the horses provide draft, the harness attaches the horses and chariot together with the breast collar for them to pull from. This is common sense. Glad, they learned to ignore her.
Funny you say that, in my raw DNA file when compared to two African populations I am 31% Egyptian and not modern Arab Egyptian either. My results are not unique. The initial test are not that accurate but when we put our raw file into GEDMATCH the Egyptian magic of our DNA is appears.. Maybe one day we will be kings again. LMAO
In Total War games, chariots are the most useless and pathetic units, always get shot down and wiped out by cheap foot archers. Just place shield units in the front line backed up by foot archers, these chariots become a big joke.
Yes, armies for centuries poured vast sums of money into producing and maintaining these "big jokes". People should stop basing their opinions on video games. They're just mindless entertainment for kids.
but in reality only few can hit what was the fastest moving man made objects back then and infantry ended in a broken formation over these weak chariots
"The problem is they haven't thought this out before they did it." Arab workers everywhere are slapping their foreheads. A people famous for their bad craftsmanship, almost as bad as India and China, of course they didn't think it out. They don't care, they just want to get paid for minimal effort. They take no pride in their work.
C|hariot. crew = ka-ki-ta-ngan foot = ka-ki hand = ta-ngan C|hair = kursi (Ar) = ke-ru-si C||h||airo hari = yaum. (Ar) = day Charlotte and Harriette are female names.
Egyptian chariots are light and are designed for wheeling maneuvers, quick flanking, and rapid delivery of arrows. The primary work would be done by the infantry armies. The chariot used as the basis here, and that too just its frame, is a 14th century BC one of Thutmose IV. However, in India, chariots were much more like modern tanks. They were designed to go into the thick of things and keep going for long. They're heavier, slower, much more sturdily built, and a fair bit larger as well. It is in India, in the Sinauli excavation site, as revealed by archeological study in 2018, that we actually find semi-complete chariots in near perfect condition (discounting invariable decay over time). The chariots (there are three in total from a single site) are from a thousand years before the chariot from this documentary, from the 23rd or 24th century BC. Copper plating on the front to act like armor, along with thick non-spoked wheels three layers thick, make the Indian chariot innovation much, much sturdier and suitable for heavy combat than the lighter Egyptian chariot. It could also be that the Egyptian one was designed to commute through sandy desert landscapes, leading to more flexible and lightweight constructions as opposed to the sturdy, heavyweight copper-wood constructions from 2500 BC India. It's the difference between a camel and an elephant. A camel is designed for survival and commute in the desert, with soft feet and light running and overall gangly construction. An elephant, on the other hand, is stout, sturdy, hardy, powerful, compact in its musculature, and immensely strong and thick in its overall build. It would have been unnecessary in the sands of Egypt to have huge battalions of chariot troops since the Egyptian mode of war was more in support of infantry charges, but in India, all four parts of traditional army- cavalry, elephants, chariots, and infantry- were valued equally, with elephants and chariots being considered the most valuable troops. The use of chariots in India died out by the time of Chanakya in the fourth century BC and chariots were masked up by elephant troops. In the wars Ashoka fought against Kalinga and the ancestors of Khaaravela, there were no chariots used but thousands of elephants. The basic idea is that the Indian construction of the chariot, arguably the only complete constructional idea we have of a chariot in the world based on archaeology, was much older and designed for different things from the Egyptian chariot, while following much the same forms. There were also wider war chariots that were pulled by a massive team of four horses, capable of holding a charioteer, a warrior, and two attendants alongside extensive weaponry such as maces, clubs, axes, bows, arrows, javelins, spears, and polearms. It is now time to do the same kind of reconstructive archaeology as has been done in the Egyptian chariot forum on that of the Indian forum. This shouldn't be half as hard as the Egyptian type, owing to the existence of three near-perfect constructions available to us already.
the ancient indian chariot was much like the Hittite chariots then. built for shock. I read that Hittite chariots were wide enough for three men and pulled by up to four horses.
cool
I love it, she said the yoke needed to be looser or you'll get rebellion in the horses. They loosen the harness and yoke and got rebellion in the horses. They tighten it back up and they worked as a team because it wasn't slipping down their backs becoming uncomfortable. Some people just need to be heard, given a polite nod and then ignored.
Thats why i dont trust the "experts." Each one must prove themselves.
39:36
Robert's got a scathing but accurate reply there. The woman is a bit off her rocker.
She really grinds my gears.
@@McBrannon1000 She really snaps my leaf spring pole
This was a great reference for my school project! it had good information and visuals.
Mike shooting arrows from the chariot...he's the real deal.
While they mention the Hyksos, they do not mention that it was the Hyksos that brought in the Chariots, horses and Tin /Bronze weapons. To Egypt circa 1700 BCE.
Superb and fascinating.
When Ramesses II brought a contingent of charioteers to Kadesh, it irked the Hittite king Muwatalli II rather badly because he found when he sent his soldiers against the Egyptians in the heavy, overweight chariots he deployed he found that his drivers couldn't keep up with the terrifyingly fast moving archers on board and this made circumstances extremely difficult for the Hittites logistics wise. This a major contribution to Muwatalli losing most of his men to Ramesses in the following battle, the light, well-engineered chariots of the Egyptians allowed them to basically sweep right through the Hittite ranks and pick them off very quickly!
It's important to note that the Egyptians were LOSING that battle until the chariots arrived, like the stereotypical calvary, to save the day at the last minute and force the fight to a draw. Ramses went on to spin this as a shattering victory to the folks back home. It did ensure peace throughout most of Ramses' reign as he was a skilled diplomat.
@@enoughothis That I was unaware of, regardless, as you stated, although Rameses' charioteers arrived late to the battle, Muwatalli actually disengaged telling the Pharaoh they'll fight again another day but as it is known now and possibly was inscribed on every monument that was dedicated in Ramses II's honor, his royal scribes wrote it down as a victory thanks to the king's persuasion, which he was also quite skilled in it seems. Doesn't change my view of Ramses II, though, I still think he was the most dedicated monarch and worked hard to ensure his realm would be peaceful and prosperous after he went to join the pantheon of the gods.
Amazing Documentary. How about one about the Mohenjodaro Ox Cart?
"the harness doesn't hold anything"
Kathy the "expert"
Considering the nature of the spokes in the wheels , being of bent wood and the difficulty of being able to bend the wood into the correct angular position even for six spokes, consider how tight that bend would need to be for a eight spoke wheel. Most likely there were too many failures in such a bend, and that would be a reason for going to six spokes. Wheels with eight spokes and above, usually use the mortise and tenon method of joinery.
I would like to see how the Egyptians managed to keep the wooden axle and wheel functioning long enough to drive flat out during a battle as well as driving it thousands of kilometers.
Roger Surf just watch a movie 😂😂😂
+Roger Surf Ancient Egyptians built pyraminds. That mean, they can move anything anywhere, you cannot forget it.
Just like a modern army, wagons of spare axles and wheels would have brought along, as well as the craftsmen to repair them between battles.
@@allewis4008 exactly, Also I don't think they expected all chariots to survive a battle or long travel, you can afford to lose a few if you win the war, the riders were most likely also trained in other types of combat, so even without a chariot they're still fighting
@@lotoreo no the chariotmen were the nobility who wouldn't have fought with the lower class civilians in the army
While the chariot in the museum i one of the chariots found in Tutankhamen’s tomb, if one studies the pictures of the pile of chariots, and wheels, you can see that the Top chariot on the pile has a broken axle and next to the chariot bodies, one can see a broken chariot wheel.
This is evidence that Tutankhamen was most likely killed in a chariot accident, with both the wheel and axle being broken, it indicates that it was mist likely in an accident with some type of prey being hunted. One such animal with sufficient weight to snap an Axle would be a hippopotamus.
Something that has ben left out of the wheel explanation is the tire. Today thin wheels of this type use a steel corded tubber tire. Since that was not available then, I suspect that they created a braided rawhide tire interlaced into the found shape, put onto the wheel still wet and permitted to dry in place as it would tighten as it dried and create the equivalent of a band clamp. I also suspect that rawhide was used either on the axel or inside the hub to be coated with animal grease to,provide lubrication. This would prolong the life of the axels and wheel hubs as friction. Was reduced. Thereby increasing maneuverability.
48:04
It's not 'Horus'. Use the Egyptian name of their gods. This is a falcon headed figure on a war implement with a sun disk and wings, so it's Heru Wer, the brother of Aset (Isis), Set (Seth), Nekhbet (Nephthys), and Usir (Osiris) and the son of Geb and Nut. Not to be confused with Heru sa Aset, or Horus the Younger, the son of Aset and Usir. He won back the nation of Egypt from his tyrant uncle, Set. Heru Wer is unmarried, and he is the warlike protector of Egypt and Amun Ra's right hand. Once upon a time, when Set fought against the other gods and created an army of crocodiles and hippopotamuses to assail the armies of Ra, Heru Wer was the one who came to the rescue. Sobek the crocodile god, son of Nit, was perplexed by these magical crocs as was Taweret, the hippo-faced fertility goddess and guardian of pregnant women by the magical hippos. In that situation, as even Ra's arm failed, Heru Wer came into the field as a blazing sun disk with shining wings and unleased a storm of death into Set's ranks and finished them off. Since that day, Heru Wer became both the god of war and the guardian of the Pharaoh's army.
It is perfectly correct to use the name Horus. It makes no sense to be pedantic about using the invented pronunciation of Egyptian names if the rest of the dialog is in English.
@@HO-bndk But the names are in Greek. It is the Greek pronunciation. And wouldn't you say historical accuracy is important in a video claiming to be about history?
No mention of the wheel center to axle friction or lubrication of the wood there. It would create heat and wear on the wood. This would be critical.
The only greatest danger for any army really was sudden sandstorms (known as haboobs) which could blow away chariots, horses, and troops and leave them disoriented, disorganized and vulnerable.
38:45 nobody has ever made an egyptian chariot
One thing not answered in this video is what type of tire was used on these wheels? Braided Rawhide?
Everyone saying that the woman grinds their gears, she had the horses' best interest at mind. She's an equine expert not a carpentry expert. Even I was very much unhappy with how stiff the yoke looked at first as an equestrian. Think before you speak because everyone wants to jump on her. She was thinking that the horses would dislike the pressure and not respond well. However, she was willing to do it Robert's way. Not to mention Robert only worried about his precious chariot. The horses should always be the main focus because you can't just replace a horse just like that
1:37 "Building Pharaohs Chariot" right now on Nova”!
What about the reins? Anyone notice on many engravings when the Pharaoh is shooting arrows the reins are around his waist??
The woman knew nothing about draft or carriages. That was clear by her saying the harness doesn't hold anything but provide draft. No, the horses provide draft, the harness attaches the horses and chariot together with the breast collar for them to pull from. This is common sense. Glad, they learned to ignore her.
7:00 - Quater scale? Maybe if they wanna fit their dog in it. Looks more 1:12 scale or something.
ship building steaming the knees allow an inch per hour 200 degrees, 4 hours is not enough,
woooooow!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
You have on in Facebook
These horses looked malnourished
they were malnourished. probably was the cheapest option...
bro got only 2 horse power
Scary love will I have the keys
we wuz kangs n shieet
Funny you say that, in my raw DNA file when compared to two African populations I am 31% Egyptian and not modern Arab Egyptian either. My results are not unique. The initial test are not that accurate but when we put our raw file into GEDMATCH the Egyptian magic of our DNA is appears.. Maybe one day we will be kings again. LMAO
@@Stick3x so you are saying egyptians were black or not?
kathy was thinking more animal welfare whereas eygptian military back in the day could not give 2 craps for
In Total War games, chariots are the most useless and pathetic units, always get shot down and wiped out by cheap foot archers. Just place shield units in the front line backed up by foot archers, these chariots become a big joke.
Total War is a great strategy game, but it's still only a game. Reality may have looked different than in Total Wars.
Yes, armies for centuries poured vast sums of money into producing and maintaining these "big jokes". People should stop basing their opinions on video games. They're just mindless entertainment for kids.
but in reality only few can hit what was the fastest moving man made objects back then and infantry ended in a broken formation over these weak chariots
"The problem is they haven't thought this out before they did it." Arab workers everywhere are slapping their foreheads. A people famous for their bad craftsmanship, almost as bad as India and China, of course they didn't think it out. They don't care, they just want to get paid for minimal effort. They take no pride in their work.
C|hariot.
crew = ka-ki-ta-ngan
foot = ka-ki
hand = ta-ngan
C|hair = kursi (Ar) = ke-ru-si
C||h||airo
hari = yaum. (Ar) = day
Charlotte and Harriette are female names.