量子&電子 Quantum & Electron

#AI #電子 #原子 #量子
世界各國積極投入量子電腦發展，每年都會耳聞量子電腦進階到幾位元運算，甚至列出各國量子電腦的排名。量子電腦競賽歷時多年，有政府單位主導，也有知名大廠如IBM、微軟等科技巨頭投入研發，量子電腦如何吸引大廠、政府單位傾力開發？量子電腦顧名思義透過量子進行電腦運算，但箇中作用原理是如何進行的呢？「量子」究竟是什麼？與電子、原子的差異？該如何解釋？
就讓半導體專家 林嘉洤 教授，和金融行銷專家 馬瑞辰 教授 在這集影片裡告訴你！
【量子電腦產業鏈】
【上游】(量子電腦基礎研究和器件製造)：
＊基礎研究：量子力學、量子計算算法、量子控制等基礎理論研究。
國際相關企業：IBM、谷歌、微軟、英特爾、麻省理工學院、斯坦福大學等。
＊器件製造：量子位元材料、量子器件加工等。
量子位元材料包括：超導電電路、光子、氮化物空位(氮化鎵)、半導體量子點
量子器件加工包括：光刻(利用光學技術在材料上製造圖案的技術)、蝕刻(利用化學或物理方法去除材料的技術)、沉積(材料表面上添加材料的技術)、離子注入(將離子注入到材料中的技術)。
國際相關企業：IBM、谷歌、微軟、英特爾、Rigetti Computing、D-Wave Systems等。
【中游】(量子電腦系統集成)：
＊硬件：量子計算機的硬件包括可擴充的量子位元晶片、微波儀器、高速電子電路等。
可擴充的量子位元晶片：用於存儲和處理量子信息
＊微波儀器：一種常見類型是微波合成器。微波合成器用於產生具有特定頻率和功率的微波信號。這些信號用於控制量子比特的狀態。
＊高速電子電路：一種常見類型是示波器。示波器用於測量電信號的電壓和時間。這些信號用於讀取量子比特的狀態。
國際相關企業：IBM、谷歌、微軟、英特爾、Rigetti Computing、D-Wave Systems、德儀、恩智浦等
＊軟件：量子計算機的軟件包括量子操作系統、量子編譯器、量子算法等。
＊傳統電腦及作業系統以執行量子計算程式：傳統計算機核心將透過高速電子電路控制並讀取量子晶片的位元資訊，而量子晶片將結合多核計算機成為具功能性的量子電腦。
國際相關企業：IBM、谷歌、微軟、Rigetti Computing、D-Wave Systems等。
【下游】(量子電腦應用)：
科學研究：量子化學、量子材料、量子生物等。
金融：金融風險分析、投資組合優化等。
醫療：疾病診斷、藥物研發、個性化醫療等。
製造：材料設計、藥物研發、新產品設計等。
The development of quantum computers has seen active participation from governments and major tech corporations like IBM and Microsoft, with annual advancements in quantum bit computing capabilities often making headlines globally. These efforts involve both governmental initiatives and significant investments from industry leaders. How do quantum computers attract such concerted efforts from big companies and governments? Fundamentally, how do they operate based on quantum principles, and what exactly is "quantum" compared to electrons and atoms? Let semiconductor expert Professor Lin Jiatong and financial marketing expert Professor Ma Ruichen explain in this video episode!
[Quantum Computer Industry Chain]
[Upstream] (Quantum Computer Basic Research and Device Manufacturing):
- Basic Research: Includes quantum mechanics, quantum computing algorithms, and quantum control.
International Companies Involved: IBM, Google, Microsoft, Intel, MIT, Stanford University, etc.
- Device Manufacturing: Involves quantum bit materials and quantum device processing.
Quantum Bit Materials Include: Superconducting circuits, photons, gallium nitride vacancies (GaN), semiconductor quantum dots.
Quantum Device Processing Includes: Techniques like photolithography (optical pattern creation on materials), etching (material removal using chemical or physical methods), deposition (material surface addition), and ion implantation (ion introduction into materials).
International Companies Involved: IBM, Google, Microsoft, Intel, Rigetti Computing, D-Wave Systems, etc.
[Middle Stream] (Quantum Computer System Integration):
- Hardware: Includes scalable quantum bit chips, microwave instruments, and high-speed electronic circuits.
Scalable Quantum Bit Chips: Used for storing and processing quantum information.
- Microwave Instruments: Such as microwave synthesizers, which generate microwave signals with specific frequencies and powers to control quantum bit states.
- High-Speed Electronic Circuits: Including oscilloscopes, used to measure voltage and time of electrical signals for reading quantum bit states.
International Companies Involved: IBM, Google, Microsoft, Intel, Rigetti Computing, D-Wave Systems, Texas Instruments, NXP Semiconductors, etc.
- Software: Quantum computer software comprises quantum operating systems, quantum compilers, and quantum algorithms.
- Traditional Computers and Operating Systems for Executing Quantum Computing Programs: Traditional computer cores control and read quantum chip bit information through high-speed electronic circuits, combining with multi-core computers to function as practical quantum computers.
International Companies Involved: IBM, Google, Microsoft, Rigetti Computing, D-Wave Systems, etc.
[Downstream] (Quantum Computer Applications):
- Scientific Research: Includes quantum chemistry, quantum materials, and quantum biology.
- Finance: Covers financial risk analysis, portfolio optimization, etc.
- Medical: Encompasses disease diagnosis, drug development, personalized medicine, etc.
- Manufacturing: Involves material design, drug development, and new product design.
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