How a British Pirate Robbed Aurangzeb's Treasure Fleet | The $120 Million Mughal Heist
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- Опубликовано: 1 июн 2024
- In 1696CE, the British Pirate Henry Every arrived in the Indian Ocean and allied with five other pirate captains to attack a Mughal treasure fleet. Despite being at a disadvantage, Captain Every successfully captured the largest ship in the Mughal fleet -- the Ganj-i-Sawai, also known as the Gunsway -- and secured treasure worth over $120 million in today's currency.
The consequences were substantial.
The Mughals took steps to end British trade in India, and the East India Company made several concessions in an effort to win back Mughal trust -- they paid compensation and started an international manhunt to find and execute Every and his crew.
But Every was never caught, and his legend has only grown. Today, he is often referred to as the "King of Pirates," despite having only spent two years as a pirate.
Enjoy!
Only if Aurangzeb had shut down the East India Company then and there...
Interesting to consider -- though the Company would very likely have engaged in aggressive methods to take control of sea trade. Alternatively, they would have simply reaffirmed their commitment to trading ports and factories in Maratha lands and South India.
@@OddCompass I mean if instead of Aurongzeb, dara Shikoh have been the emperor he would have acted as a philosopher kings which would have made the Mughal empire internal matter more stable. Than maybe his son or grandson would have attack Deccan sultanates, Mysore and madurai. I mean marathas only rebelled beacuse of fast invasion and cruel treatment by Aurongzeb.
@@OddCompass I also think rather than just doing single video you should start a series like how kings and general do. Like a series on srivijaya empire (start to end),mahapajit, Mughal, mouryan, gupta, gujjar-pratihara, chola from the start with a little more detail, maratha, anglo-mysore wars, anglo-marathas wars and sikh empire. With smaller kingdom making single episode video like ahom empire, Burmese empire,etc. But hope before that you can do a video on Gajapati dyanasty.
@@Abhishek-sr2pu There's certainly a possibility that Dara Shikoh would have been a more capable leader (in terms of establishing a stable succession afterwards), though Aurangzeb was arguably quite practical and capable in his own right. I think the key issues aren't just the decisions made by various Indian powers, but the realities of the economic and political infrastructure wielded by the European powers at that time (i.e., innovative corporate entities, consolidated national political power, large professional armies, etc.). I don't know if there's much that any Indian power could have done to change things by that point...but it's an interesting thought experiment.
@@Abhishek-sr2pu Thanks for the ideas, Abishek...I'll consider some series content for my upcoming videos!
Imagine a guy with 120 million having a bounty of 80k... anyone that found him could just be bought off
Which is precisely what happened!
Or killed....
Now you know what it's like when cartel bosses worth billions of dollars are wanted for a pidly 5 million bounty 🤣
This is literally why some criminals get away.
If your rich enough it's not a crime it's just a bill
If he had the cash available…
Lured slave traders on his ship, and made them slaves. That sounds like justice.
That is gangsta as it gets.
😂😂😂😂
@@s.v.848 Oye! I'm pirate gangsta!
“Thanks for coming onto my ship unarmed and alone.”
“No problem kind stranger, would you like some slaves?”
“Yeah.”
“Let me go get them.”
“No no, we already have our slaves.”
“.... I’m boned aren’t I?”
“Right in the down under.”
But he was a slaver himself tho..
Whoa! I played Uncharted 4, and I never realized that the treasure Every had was stolen from the Mughals. Twist!
Nathan and sully talked about it when they’re in Madagascar when doing the paintings puzzle.
@@gravity8087 man fuck platform exclusives
@@fenyx2558 *Cry*
True bucaneer michael Gove needs to name an apprenticeship in his name
Should be taught in schools uk curriculum
Mughal treasure 😏
You're gonna became one of the popular RUclipsr
ok
There is a bigger heist collection that can still be seen today, it's called the British Museum.
"Clever".
Well they are giving some of it back slowly (Commonwealth game)...hahahaha
On any video regarding Indian history, someone jokes about the British Museum. I used to joke too, but it's not that simple. It's very fashionable amongst a certain segment of society to scorn European civilization, because it's easy; you know they won't behead you, bomb your market, or censor your speech. Their empires and pirates wanted profit; not your life, culture, or eternal submission. Their missionaries offered people a choice, however poorly they lived up to their own ideals. Which is more pernicious? I know what I think. It requires much more courage to speak the truth when it bears repercussions, and this also tells you all you need to know about the character of those countries today who silently accept criticism; generally not vindictive or ego-maniacal. It's fine to poke fun, but people often come to believe the joke.
Here is some food for thought:
1). All pre-modern cultures, in all societies, made war, and took loot from each other (and often did far worse); so why do only European-looking humans get targeted by post-colonial weaponized narratives? Why not Huns, Arabs, Mongols, Turks, Chinese, Mughals or Afghans? Why no acknowledgement that many native societies were far from perfect, and some played a part in the suffering of history? Warfare was endemic and killed up to 80% of some primitive tribes for example, who are now seen as meek victims. It's fairly easy to figure out the collection of biases that ignores worse, but scorns something like the British Museum. There is more going on than meets the eye politically, that drives this hypocrisy. It is in the nature of identity politics to turn people against one another, and a blind eye toward those problems too real to acknowledge; because it does not care for the suffering of the innocent, it just resents the successful, including any success you gain.
2). Although not always fair, many looted items were gained legally (by the standards of their age), so by criticizing the deals that, like it or not, people signed of their own volition, it calls into question all truth; also the good that is done under the truth. When something is seen as unfair in hindsight, does the one who makes the deal not bear any responsibility? They didn't know what they were doing when they pried some ancient sculpture off a wall? Or gladly signed a land grant to the East India Company in order to defeat a rival? Do separatists who who break away from another country, lack any volition; no motives or agendas of their own? The truth is that plenty of people of all races and creeds profited from empire; some were even patriotic toward it. It's easy to remember the times when European empires failed their own highest religious ideals, but we tend to forget anything that complicates the narrative. When for example, British and Russian empires ended slavery globally, or freed Central Asian harems, this is selectively forgotten.
3). A beautiful truth is this; the past is the heritage of all humanity. A harsh truths is this; many countries, such as Egypt, paid very little attention to their human heritage until foreigners showed an interest. An example of this is how most people had forgotten the Buddha was Indian, before things like the restoration of Mahabodhi Temple by Alexander Cunningham and other Indologists. Although not always perfect in moral conduct, many items were probably saved from countries like Afghanistan by foreigners. The Afghan collection of ancient Buddhist art was demolished by the Taliban. Do you know the Ottomans used the Parthenon in Greece as a gunpowder cache? It's alright when someone like Zahi Hawass grandstands about Egyptian antiquities being returned to Egypt, but many extremists today would probably demolish monuments. As recently as 2013 to a museum was ransacked by looters in Mallawi, Egypt.
So that is why my respect has gone up for the West.
There is narrative warfare going on against the west by political activists at the moment (people can say openly bigoted things, in books or the media, as long as the target is perceived as Western), but in truth, European empires were no worse than anyone else, and better than some. India is probably my favorite civilization on Earth to study. The truth, as always, is more nuanced than some easy narrative, and this doesn't diminish anyone as some people fear; it just makes history all the more compelling.
@@LazarusRemains
Interesting point of view.
I think a major difference between the west and other historical powers is the ideology
The west thought of itself as a superior species, the "white race" which had to bring civilization to the rest of the world.
If you think of yourself as a superior species and of others as subhuman, naturally you won't have moral quarrels to treat them as such.
This caused extreme cruelty and was the reason why colonizers forced western traditions on colonies and systematically eradicated culture, religion and traditions, which hurt the national identity of the natives severely. This had a huge psychological impact.
Another reason is, that former colonies are till this date experiencing the consequences of former European rule.
I mean in 1947 over 90% of the Indian population lived in extreme poverty and the average life expectancy was 31. It improved a lot over the last 74 years but it obviously has still many problems which are a direct consequence of the British rule ( poverty, Pakistan & kashmir issue etc.)
So the reasons European powers are more spoken about today are
1.) The former ideology, which caused extreme cruelty and damaged the national identity of the native people, leaving a negative psychological impact.
2.) The consequences of their rule which are affecting many nations till this date( economically/ socially/ geographically)
Holding grudges against the European countries because of their past actions is obviously nonsense, although we shouldn't forget history and understand that many people are still affected by it's consequences.
That's why people tend to talk more about the European colonizers.
Once the affected countries will be able to overcome their problems, people are going to talk much less about them, as they aren't directly affected by them anymore.
Although jokes about the British museum will always be a classic, that are surely going to be used in the future. :)
@@Jay-tu9vf I understand your reasoning, but initially, race wasn't considered the prime identity of European empire, compared to patriotic identity, and religious identity to a lesser extent. Mixed marriages took place early in imperialism.
The early empires in particular simply saw their competition as being one of rival kingdoms (England vs. Spain), and competition between rival sects like Catholicism (Spain and Portugal) vs. Protestantism (England and the Dutch).
When the racial theories emerged later in the 1800s, they were not universally accepted either. So for example, you had pseudo-scientific theories existing alongside universalist preachers who called for the dignity of all humankind.
It's little known for example that as early as the 1537 the Pope proclaimed in 'Subliminus Deus' that native Americans were rational human beings with souls, condemning slavery entirely, 200 years before the British Empire existed.
The British Empire itself abolished the African slave trade. Not just in their own empire; abolition globally. They also enforced this law globally, using special fleets like the West Africa Squadron to intercept and destroy slave traders. This was the work of similar universalist ideology.
Why is there such a double standard in judging European and non-European imperialism?
It's political. Identity politics employs narrative warfare against it's opponents, mainly democracies, to demoralize them. To undermine a democracy that is well governed, like the United States of America for example, it has to manufacture a sense of disenfranchisement and disgust with the past, using history as a weapon. It's not that Indian, American, British, or Australian history is perfect, but important global context is removed (such as how the Soviet Union killed 15 million of it's citizens, while a controversial event may have killed a few dozen in the USA, and been openly condemned). Doubt is cast on people's past motives, and this cynicism causes mental illness. Faith in one's society is undermined, then the authoritarians can enact their political agenda, whatever it may be, without opposition.
We are told that bigotry was a unique feature of European empires, but consider the dehumanization and enslavement of unbelievers by other empires in history, how they were called inferior, forced to pay extra taxes, seen as second class, and how they never sought to abolish these practices. European empires, for all their flaws, often abolished systems like that. Right now, this is forgotten deliberately by many political enemies of the West, because they wish to demoralize society and enact a political agenda.
how tf doess this only have 7k views, this is probably one of the best history content i've ever seen
Haha, thanks 👍🏽
Just a drop in the bucket compared to the estimated Trillions that the brits looted from India.
Those are said to worth trillions of today my dear...it's not meaning that the amount looted by the company at that time was estimated in trillions but today fixing those amounts which then were supposedly in millions or billions are today worth trillions after fixing inflation and all..
@@dkh8703 Exactly, in todays currency avery looted 120 million, in todays currency as well the british looted 45 trillion from india
Why did the British not loot the Thiruvananthapuram temple? If it is estimated at $20B, and is a massive hoard, where does $45T estimate come from?
@@talmoskowitz5221 Because instead they created trainlines and forced indians to mine and create cash crops for centuries, notice how many MORE famines happened.
They also worked with some of the nobility and upper classes to maintain slaves, robbing their temples would piss them off.
www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/this-economist-says-britain-took-away-usd-45-trillion-from-india-in-173-years/story/292352.html#:~:text=Patnaik%2C%20in%20her%20essay%20published,to%20come%20out%20of%20poverty.&text=Britain%20ruled%20India%20for%20about,with%20extreme%20poverty%20and%20famine.
@@talmoskowitz5221 they had no idea of that treasure
That's an insane heist. Out of curiosity, why were the mughals shipping such a treasure from Mecca yearly ? Where did it come from ?
The Mughals were shipping the treasure as part of the gift for the annual Hajj pilgrimage for certain royal family members and nobles. Further, the ships would trade massive amounts of goods while in Arabia, thus leading to additional moneys. Hope that clarifies!
@@OddCompass it does, thank you very much for taking the time to answer ! :)
@@DMystif the English also raided the indian treasury and stole about a billion dollars in today's value. Now you how the European monarch got rich. Furthermore, the English name Sir Francis Drake was a pirate. Naming him Sir, is like giving the mafio, John Gotti the presidential medal.
It was also a symbol of extravagance and announced to people that the Mughal emperor's fleet was arriving
@@desmondburnett9286 Privateers weren't Pirates.
As i always say, this is very much an "underrated" channel... You guys ready deserve standing ovation! Great work fellas. Keep up the good work. We Indians just love each of your video!
Wow glad to see that the channel is getting more traction now, well deserved! Loved the the podcast episode you did on the BrownPundits, learned a lot more there. Would love to see an episode one day on the Satavahana Dynasty, an ancient Deccan power that fought against the Sakas and Indo-Greeks.
Why is this channel not bigger? When I checked the subs I was expecting a mil easily! Damn I fell on a gold mine. Keep up this work, really appreciate these high quality videos on forgotten history, Thank you!
Bollywood can make a movie out of this. The pirates of the Indian Ocean.
Indian pirates whi arent indians
No thanks, Bollywood will eventually ruin that movie too like they do anyways
dont give them that idea it will be worst if Bollywood makes it.
Bollywood is incapable of making something historical without giving it a romantic flavour
A Bollywood movie would probably change the ending to a happy one with Avery thrown into the sea by an unlikely hero after a few dance routines on the deck.
The Hollywood one would be different.....without the song and dances but Avery returning for sequels spread over 20 years.
Woah! Never read about this incident! Thanks for the video! Most Underrated History Channel!
Video Suggestion: Battle of Vasai (Portuguese vs Maratha Empire)
Thanks for watching! And interesting topic idea 👍🏽
@@OddCompass there is a letter written by maratha warrior chimaji appa in which he describes the exact tactics used and the casualties.
"Im a man of fortune and I will seek my fortune"
Must*
What I love about your videos is that the content is somewhat related to either Indians or places influenced by Indians (like Indonesia). If the channel has been made for this purpose, then I must say; infinite kudos to you Odd compass. keep making more India-related content. Would support you always!
I’m definitely focused on Asian history content, with a special focus on India-related content (but also explorations of Southeast and East Asia)!
Jai jai Indosphere. We are one. United against china.
Such history of India which we were unaware of, great content-thank you!🔥❤️
You're welcome!
There's sadly so much cool history that has been lost to time.
THIS IS UNCHARTED 4🔥🔥🔥
Haha, yes! Love the Uncharted series :)
@@OddCompass tell me do you belief that this is a thief's end
We love Nathan Drake too
@@shivabalathiagarajan3469 Oh Thank you
@@nathandrake1800 lol
Underrated Channel.Keep it coming and i'm ready to hit those like buttons!
Brilliant stuff! Keep at it, very impressed with the simple presentation style. As they say, to explain something simply takes a lot of hard work and knowledge!
Thank you so much!
Henry Every (also known as John Avery) my ancestor through my mother’s maiden name, Avery. My grandfather John Avery, named after the arch pirate, said that after the arch pirates career as a pirate ended he settled in Louisiana (where my mother’s family is from) with his family, and changed his name from Every to Avery, a French name that sounded similar. But this is a family tale and I have no way of proving it.
If you were to be his descendant you would be filthy rich
@@cv4809 Henry Every died broke and penniless.
I'm a decendant of Henry Every through my mums side as well!
There's speculation that he changed his name to his alias "Bejamin Bridgeman" and married a woman and lived somewhere in the UK.
@@Alfred_Leonhart Not confirmed. It's only a voice.
*Now That is the kind of money heist, NETFLIX should be making series about*
Another stellar video, Tarun! I loved the narrative on this one.
Thanks Alexander! 👍🏽
@@OddCompass
He seens someone who's like a friend, no wonder you didn't reply to other comments but you did to his.
Also it was cool to learn your half Tamil. I guess your dad's a telegu person ( That can be the reason why you identify yourself as a Telegu ) and your mom's Tamil.
And yes, I'm a serious viewer, lmao.
This is great! Thanks so much for the upload
You’re very welcome!
This channel is definitely going to blow up.
U guys have made Indian history interesting.. hope some schools see this and incorporate this in online curriculum..
2020: Somali Pirates
1700: British Pirates
Man you're the real MVP! Keep them coming
Thank you so much for making these videos.
Thanks for watching these videos!
Happy new years, glad to start this new year with a new video and I'm excited to see what you'll make
Thanks!
@@OddCompass you're welcome
We all know what REALLY happened was that Every pooled his treasure together with a bunch of other pirate lords and ran off to a semi-mythical island in the Indian Ocean.
Where two brothers, an old man, and a journalist then fought for it against a rich guy and a surprisingly strong woman
Excellently presented......we need more of such videos please !
Two days and I've watched all the videos. Love your channel and appreciate highlighting forgotten history.
Wow, thank you! More videos incoming :)
You deserve 600k subs man.
That's very kind of you to say! Sharing these videos certainly helps! I'm really glad to have a passionate audience.
You are my favourite channel. Where was this gem of a creator and researcher hidden all this while my fellow Indians? Love your videos mate💯. Unbiased, nuanced and gives perspective.
I am playing Uncharted 4 right now and HOLY COW, AM I PUMPED! This is so cool!
I'm addicted to your videos! I'm an ardent history lover and your videos make it so easy to consume while keeping my attention throughout!
Thanks 🙏🏽
Superb Man. I was unheard of this story. Thank you for shedding light on such less known but fascinating affairs on Indian history. Love & Respect.
Thank you very much!
Man your videos are great, sub well-earned.
Love the topics this channel covers!
Thanks Robin! I'm enjoying trying some new topics as well!
@@OddCompasslooking forward to the new videos!
You really deserve more subscribers like 1 million for all your hard work behind making this video.
Long way to go and keep growing my friend.
Thank you!
What the hell!! Only 25k subscribers?! Its too little for such a nice channel! Truly an underrated channel
Thanks!
Great video! Keep going!
Thanks, will do!
Thanks for bringing Indian history to youtube in such a nice format. Can you do a similar style video about the Travancore and Cochin kingdoms ?
Thanks -- will definitely look into Kerala history!
Great videos , very informative.. loved all videos... please dont stop making videos... hope to see posts more often....💐
Thank you, I will!
Always a pleasure seeing you upload. Isn't this also known as one of the, if not the first, global Manhunt in history?
It is! Thanks for watching 🙏🏽
Nice, unbiased and mature video and also the comment section. I'm proud there r so many Indians having mature debates in the comment section regarding history, staying away from current political climate and absurd narratives. Good luck for the RUclipsr and the community here.
Thank you!
👍👍👍👍excellently produced.
Great voice.
Subscribed👍
You need more subscribers dude. Well done!👍
Thanks!
Thanks for the video !!! Never knew about this. What are you planning to do next ?
You’re welcome! Haven’t decided yet, but it’ll be a great one, I hope :)
@@OddCompass
Hoy-salah!
Great man.. Keep making videos...
Toooo goood excellent researched.... Nice
It's pretty rare to see channels that cover South Asian history with such high quality like this,
For the most part it goes ignored and the general history of the region is filled with misconceptions.
these videos have encouraged me to dive deeper into the history of the region even more, and are damn interesting and fun to watch.Hope your channel grows more because you god damn deserve it.
Thanks so much! I'm happy to hear that these videos have encouraged you to dive deeper into the history of South Asia -- made my day!
This series is extremely well researched and well presented. Thank you from 🇮🇳
You're very welcome!
This deserves more views
Dude yours is the best history channel about india. Keep up the good work.
Thank you so much 😀
Unique and unheard story thank you please Keep making more
Thank you, I will
A great video as always❤️
Thanks!
Fantastic work 👌
Your video was great.
love your videos
i love u too
Ocean of history!!! Great channel...
Love from Bangladesh 🇧🇩
Thank you 🙏🏽
Smart & cunning Pirate 🏴☠️
He really was!
Congratulations for 29k subscribers
Now 30k bro🥳🥳🥳
Loved this one
I thought the title was wrong then realised after seeing video that 'every' is the name of the captain
Man you deserve more...
Best of luck
Thanks!
Wow you deserve more view and sub.
I appreciate that!
i am a man of fortune and i must seek my fortune - henry avery
Great quote :)
'i have a family to support & intend to excell at it.'
😉could be!🙏
These are some amazing videos.
I appreciate that!
I wrote a small piece on this last year! One of the most fascinating maritime historical stories to come out of mughal India love!
Interesting! Have a link to your piece?
Amazing video!!! Hope you would make more of such informative videos on Indian history. I request you to make a video on the legendary ruler of Kashmir, Maharaja Lalitaditya Muktapida
i love this channel, hope you guys reach a million subscribers
love from Pakistan 🇵🇰
Thanks Mahad!
Great video !!!!! This sounds similar to Emperor Jahangir and the Portuguese capture of Harkha Bai's ship The Rahimi.
Thanks Nirupama! Interesting, I’ll have to read up on that more 👍🏽
pls do not search "the rahimi" on youtube. and do not scroll down.
Hello, odd compass! Big fan of your work. D'you reckon you could make some videos about eastern India,(Orissa, Bengal, Assam), whose history is neglected even more than southern and central India's?
I will! Just trying to figure out how to tackle those topics in an interesting way 👍🏽. Thanks for your support!
Cool more more pls
Great video, super details.
Should have used India in title for more views, still got recommended
These pirate names sounds like the ones in the video game Uncharted 4. I guess this real life story is where they got inspiration from.
It is!
Wonder why didn't Hollywood made a spectacular movie on epic life of Henry Every yet?? 🤔
👍 good video
Thanks!
Hats off to the animation ♥️
I really like your animation designs and styles
Thanks 🙏🏽
Good video
So underrated channel you should get 1 million subs
Thank you!
Make a video about marakkaiar of South India
Interesting topic idea!
So this treasure is our world's version of gold roger's treasure.
Actually that would be Olivier “La Buse” Levasseur, search it up how he died ;)
Nah rocks d xebec
Wait till Buggy D Clown hears about it.
Pls do a biography on tipu sultan
Waiting for your videos always
Thanks!
Nice bro. Please make a video about Indian Inventions that the ancient world. And about maharana pratap. And nice motion graphics.
I'd love it if you released the soundtrack you used for this video. Really sets the tone for a story of adventure on the high seas.
Waiting for it fantastic👍👍❤️
Thanks for waiting, and I hope you enjoyed the video!
Hope you do a video on eastern ganga dyanasty or Gajapati dyanasty.
After this heist, Aurangazeb utterly humiliated British East India Company. If there's another Aurangazeb after Aurangazeb East India Company wouldn't have existed.
@Вхламинго he did mistakes
But if u were in his shoe u wouldn’t
See it as mistake
Most of people make decisions based on their limited vision
No one can predict the future
He did his best but failed at the end
most of mistakes is held by the successors rather then him
Aurangzeb in turn was humiliated by the Marathas.
Fun Fact: First Viewer never comments first.....!!! 😂
1:10 pro gamer move. Deserved.
Can you please please please make a video on the ahoms the longest kingdom of India ,and the other northeast Indian kingdons
Wonderful video
New suscriber
Make video on Child's war plz in which EIC was defeated by emperor Aurangzeb.
In actual the British were Able to have a control over the sub continent because they had arrived to the sub continent at a very presice time as the mughal empire was losing its control over the sub continent and the Marathas were gradually gaining their territories one by one and the Brits saw this political unrest as a spark for their colonization. We can say that they were incredibly lucky to have reach here at the correct time
@Вхламинго Though you are right, if the Mughal empire was at its height of glory when they came then they would not stand a chance. Battle of Plassey happened because the Mughal empire had lost Bengal as it was growing weak and the British saw it as an opportunity to establish their rule here. Moreover, they managed to convince the army general of Bengal to join them so the Nawab of Bengal had only half his army left
@Вхламингоyou've got a messed up sense of the timeline. Industrial revolution started in 1700s (mostly) whereas Mughal empire reached its peak before. So what you call outdated was actually up to date.
Secondly, you say that European nations conquered indian lands. All of these conquests happened mainly in Aurangzeb's reign when their power was declining. The sole reason that the EIC and other nations won was because
A in india war had been revered as a sacred duty and had its own code of conduct which was followed by both armies. The Europeans ignored these.
B the sole reason EIC got Bengal was because Bengal had broken away from the Mughals so the Mughals did not send any aid to it.
Thirdly the EIC had been defeated by the French east india company in the Carnatic wars but the French had accepted the indian code of war while the EIC did not. Again that's why it emerged as the overall winner. Also the French revolution occured so most of the French were recalled that's why the EIC members could escape from prison.
Indian warfare used war elephants which couldn't be put down by the guns of those times easily.
MOST IMPORTANTLY
The EIC did not defeat the Mughals
The Marathas did. But because they were divided into factions and economically taxed by the wars they lost the Anglo Maratha Wars.
The EIC were scared of the Mughals so they kept Awadh as a buffer state between them
To sum up
The EIC used conceit and backstabbing and used the disunity between Indian states to get their Empire
The Mughals got a taste of their own medicine.
Fascinating