[REAL ATC] FedEx MD10 lands WITHOUT FLAPS at San Diego!

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  • Опубликовано: 7 сен 2024
  • UNTRIMMED VERSION -- • Video

Комментарии • 180

  • @VASAviation
    @VASAviation  5 лет назад +94

    *You don't realize how useful flaps are until you can't use them... :D*
    Untrimmed video will be available soon.

    • @mohammedbafana
      @mohammedbafana 5 лет назад

      VASAviation - PLEASE MAKE A VIDEO ON THE NEWYORK JET BLAST INCIDENT!!!!!

    • @jacksycz
      @jacksycz 5 лет назад +1

      Not to mention this is one of the issues that the United airlines crash in Sioux City ended up with

    • @Cissy2cute
      @Cissy2cute 5 лет назад +4

      What is worse is pilots taking off without having noticed they forgot about the flaps. Watched two shows on this - different airlines, different years but same reason. Neither maintained a sterile cockpit right before takeoff, chatting with an attendant and not completing checks. Terrible outcome on both. Planes couldn't get lift.
      With these guys obviously a mechanical problem with flaps. Great job on landing. Great video too!

    • @Boodieman72
      @Boodieman72 5 лет назад

      Especially when they aren't deployed before takeoff and you run out of runway.

    • @davidhoffman1278
      @davidhoffman1278 5 лет назад

      @@Cissy2cute ,
      I thought it was slats on the leading edge that the crew was having problems with.

  • @joemama365
    @joemama365 5 лет назад +144

    I think I detected a glimmer of pride when he stated that he didn't need any assistance in the end. Great job

    • @cpt.kentflywright8227
      @cpt.kentflywright8227 5 лет назад +2

      I don't think so... more so a glimmer of relief, he probably wasn't flying if he was on the radios.

    • @MrMattumbo
      @MrMattumbo 5 лет назад +16

      Considering he landed without flaps while everyone else was having to go-around I think he deserves some bragging rights lol

  • @nikki.t33
    @nikki.t33 5 лет назад +57

    Wow, this brings an entirely new perspective as a consumer awaiting a FedEx package today. Glad they landed safely.

    • @VASAviation
      @VASAviation  5 лет назад +9

      Now you can consider why your packages reach you ;)

  • @jdofmemi
    @jdofmemi 5 лет назад +9

    I watched this to learn what went on behind the scenes when things happen. I was on a flight to BWI about ten years ago that had to land without flaps.
    We went around, dumped fuel, and the pilot informed us what was going on and to not be worried. He said we landed at 220 instead of the normal 140.
    He put it down right at the threshold, and used one turn away from the end. No problem.
    Glad to have real professionals doing this day in and day out. 👍

  • @krcm1981
    @krcm1981 5 лет назад +22

    Ah, the infamous “Space Shuttle Approach” into Lindbergh.

  • @mrevanr
    @mrevanr 5 лет назад +37

    It must be so terrifying landing on 9 with no flaps since just feet after the threshold you see downtown. Props to the pilots and controllers!

    • @UnreasonableSteve
      @UnreasonableSteve 4 года назад +3

      With visibility half a mile with fog, not sure how much of anything they were seeing after the threshold :p

  • @MrWheeler715
    @MrWheeler715 5 лет назад +38

    No flaps at Lindbergh Field? That's a ride if there ever was one!

    • @hostrauer
      @hostrauer 5 лет назад +10

      No flaps IN A HEAVY at Lindbergh. That'll get the blood flowing.

    • @MarcDufresneosorusrex
      @MarcDufresneosorusrex 3 года назад

      also called Lindbergh Field) is considered by some to be one of the country's most dangerous due to its downtown location. What's more, mountains to its north and east, Mexican airspace to its south, 😁

    • @BlokenArrow
      @BlokenArrow 3 года назад

      @@MarcDufresneosorusrex yeah, feels like you clear the downtown skyscrapers then drop like a slug.

  • @amystubby
    @amystubby 4 года назад +7

    "any idea the approach speed you will need?"
    Pause
    "...fast..."

  • @CaseyBlackvidz
    @CaseyBlackvidz 5 лет назад +47

    This is a really tricky airport to land in the best conditions.

    • @VASAviation
      @VASAviation  5 лет назад +8

      Indeed!

    • @iocat
      @iocat 5 лет назад +1

      Only airport I've ever had multiple aborted landings at.

    • @G_Kaz
      @G_Kaz 5 лет назад +5

      At least they were landing from a western approach, easier than through the skyline coming from the East.

    • @hostrauer
      @hostrauer 5 лет назад +1

      @@G_Kaz Though not a whole lot easier, you're still dropping over a (smaller) hill and have another displaced threshold. SAN has displaced thresholds on both 9 and 27, which is crazy.

  • @sirwholland7
    @sirwholland7 5 лет назад +9

    Wow! KSAN runway 27/09 is very short and 27 has a steep stepped approach due to buildings on final. It is also one of the busiest single runway airports in the country. (And the 09 approach has some exciting terrain).

    • @VASAviation
      @VASAviation  5 лет назад +1

      Exactly!

    • @stephenwilliams9775
      @stephenwilliams9775 5 лет назад +1

      I was thinking the same thing. KSAN is exciting to land under any circumstances, much less flying a heavy w/o slats.

  • @chrispewpew
    @chrispewpew 5 лет назад +3

    that last METAR call with 1/2sm FG had me in chills with FDX906 coming in with no flaps. Would really love to see a cockpit view to really see the decision making and maintaining calm as a pilot part.

  • @BoB4jjjjs
    @BoB4jjjjs 5 лет назад +27

    Well done the crew, go round, try to fix then try land when they couldn't fix it. Everything was clear communication and maybe a very fast landing. He even let them know emergency equipment is not needed and got off the runway. They must have been sure there was no fire on the brakes, but then they still had reverse thrust. Fast landings are not good!

  • @Genthar
    @Genthar 5 лет назад +8

    Mixed luck I guess. Most of the time KSAN lands 27 with the steep approach over the Laurel St. Parking garage, so flipping around and coming in the other direction is good. The bad is, they managed to find one of the rare foggy nights out here.

  • @cm2468
    @cm2468 5 лет назад +25

    Because I know someone is gonna say it. It is not a DC-10. The MD-10 is a DC-10 with an upgraded cockpit that also eliminated the need for a flight engineer.

    • @VASAviation
      @VASAviation  5 лет назад +6

      Many people said it already :(

    • @cm2468
      @cm2468 5 лет назад +2

      @@VASAviation not surprising, but you can't blame people for not knowing. I thought I would've answered the question for most before they asked.

    • @aussiebloke609
      @aussiebloke609 5 лет назад +4

      So it's effectively a DC-10, only with a modified designation to indicate the avionics upgrade?

    • @inlukk
      @inlukk 5 лет назад +9

      @@aussiebloke609 For all practical purposes its a DC10 with an MD11 cockpit. Not exactly, but close enough for arguments sake. -19 year FedEx aircraft mechanic.

    • @aussiebloke609
      @aussiebloke609 5 лет назад +1

      Thanks, mate - I never knew. :-)

  • @jaanfo3874
    @jaanfo3874 5 лет назад +1

    There was another recent one in San Diego, maybe a week ago? A private jet landed at KSAN without brakes. Busy month in SD.

  • @stewc625
    @stewc625 5 лет назад +1

    Been on two flights that have experienced this out of my years of business flying. That flat and hot approach they use when dealing with this is pretty crazy. But both times landed safely - one at JFK, one at ORD. Both required ARFF to hose down the brakes though.

  • @SkyWayMan90
    @SkyWayMan90 5 лет назад +11

    Not sure if they'd be able to do this to 27 with the displaced threshold and 3.5 degree approach path...good job to the crew for pulling it off.

    • @VASAviation
      @VASAviation  5 лет назад

      That 27 is really challenging indeed.

    • @SkyWayMan90
      @SkyWayMan90 5 лет назад

      VASAviation - having landed on it many times, can confirm it’s sporting but manageable. In a MD with no high lift devices to slow you down, I’m not sure gear would be enough to keep you on speed for that approach angle 🤔 good job to the crew

    • @leghumper83
      @leghumper83 5 лет назад

      Just curious...did the ILS approach pose another challenge? I'd think they could have come in a little lower and slower on a visual, but a 9 knot crosswind, fog at 200 feet and 1/2 mile visibility made the visual impossible.

    • @SkyWayMan90
      @SkyWayMan90 5 лет назад

      You're not going to want to drag in an MD10 "lower and slower" on a visual; stabilized approaches are crucial for a safe landing, and even more in that aircraft type. FedEx has a HUD on the captain's side for all aircraft but the A300, and the HUD has FLIR, so they can see the runway through the clouds. As far as crosswind is concerned, 9 knots is well below the limit for the MD10, although I'm not sure if it changes in a no-flap scenario.@@leghumper83

    • @oldguydoesstuff120
      @oldguydoesstuff120 5 лет назад +1

      @@leghumper83 You follow a hill down to runway 09 at San Diego. You really don't want to be low on that approach. The neighbors don't want tire tracks on their roof. ;) Edit: Scratch that. The small hill is on 09. The real hill that I was thinking of is going in from the other end - to 27. But 09 has the benefit of a slightly longer effective runway, since the 27 end has a displaced threshold. From the 09 end, a plane landing fast can still use the area past the threshold to stop.

  • @stevenwagner983
    @stevenwagner983 5 лет назад +1

    ive been a passenger on a plane that didn't have flaps for landing going into Denver it was definitely nerve racking coming in twice as fast as normal and seeing the fire trucks lining the runway BUT ended the same as this landed and went to the gate just fine

  • @mikeypops73
    @mikeypops73 5 лет назад +1

    For all you do, this Bud's for you!

  • @ELEVrjATOR
    @ELEVrjATOR 5 лет назад +27

    I dont know if you could do this, but i live near Providence, and i listened to the ATC trying to get planes to land Monday. There was bad windshear, and many planes had to divert. I would Love to see a video on that.

  • @ELAviation
    @ELAviation 5 лет назад +8

    Great one mate. Loved it

  • @meRyanP
    @meRyanP 5 лет назад +1

    IMC and a short runway...I would've diverted to LAX or ONT where there is a lot more runway to use and better approaches. Glad it worked out though.

  • @uducful
    @uducful 5 лет назад +29

    First and foremost. Nobody got injured! Amen to that. Now that said... Fedex"hey tower we is flapless! Atc"try harder" FedEx"we tired, we've been flapping all the way here!" 😆

    • @mikem9246
      @mikem9246 5 лет назад +3

      My dad was a truck driver and when he would get in he would tell his dispatcher, "I just arrived and boy is my arm tired." "Why" "From whipping those 600 horses all night!"

    • @uducful
      @uducful 5 лет назад +1

      @@mikem9246 😆

  • @VoraciousAvgeek
    @VoraciousAvgeek 5 лет назад

    Ayy my hometown. Glad that the old MD10 landed safely and everyone is okay.

  • @Ea-Nasir_Copper_Co
    @Ea-Nasir_Copper_Co 5 лет назад +1

    The part of this that surprised me the most was the bad weather at San Diego!

    • @chaspfrank
      @chaspfrank 5 лет назад

      Fog (or "Marine Layer, as they call it in SoCal) is very common at SAN.

  • @MrCrystalcranium
    @MrCrystalcranium 5 лет назад +3

    I saw that last flight in front of him did a missed approach as well. Doesn't sound like the tower informed 906 of that.

  • @777pusher
    @777pusher 5 лет назад +1

    Professionalism was a word created by the ATC and all pilots!!

  • @gomphrena-beautifulflower-8043
    @gomphrena-beautifulflower-8043 5 лет назад +9

    And that’s why they call ‘em professional. Well, just one of a whole bunch of reasons.😊

  • @ndcoward
    @ndcoward 5 лет назад +1

    It's particularly impressive considering the MD-10 already had an extremely high landing speed

  • @forgottenfamily
    @forgottenfamily 5 лет назад

    There was a plane in a snowbank exiting the runway at Toronto Pearson. Initially thought to be off the taxiway but later confirmed to actually be on the taxiway...

  • @inlukk
    @inlukk 5 лет назад +4

    No slat/ 22 flap/ 190 kts landing. Slat disagree issue. Ended up being a slat sensor bad.

    • @produKtNZ
      @produKtNZ 5 лет назад

      Are you a pilot?

    • @inlukk
      @inlukk 5 лет назад

      @@produKtNZ no.
      26 year mechanic.

    • @produKtNZ
      @produKtNZ 5 лет назад

      And the irony is here : I'm a pratt and Whitney digital support engineer working in a centre that only repairs v2500 a thru d5

    • @inlukk
      @inlukk 5 лет назад

      @@produKtNZ I looked up the plane on the day of the event and saw the discrepancy.

  • @samarthgajakosh
    @samarthgajakosh 5 лет назад +1

    The airport layout in the thumbnail looks like a high end automatic gun.

  • @fulano86
    @fulano86 5 лет назад

    Thanks for your great videos. Keep them coming for sure! If you can do newark final either 22L or 4R one day, that would be awesome.

  • @BobMcCoy
    @BobMcCoy 5 лет назад +61

    *_Ryanair does this on a daily basis_*

    • @xaviation5144
      @xaviation5144 5 лет назад +6

      no they dont

    • @randomgooglename
      @randomgooglename 5 лет назад +4

      such a played out lame joke not funny

    • @Ea-Nasir_Copper_Co
      @Ea-Nasir_Copper_Co 5 лет назад +3

      Why, thank you, Swiss001.

    • @supertrainmaniac
      @supertrainmaniac 5 лет назад +3

      @@randomgooglename I know right, people act like Ryanair' is such a subpar airline because apparently, they make 'hard landings' when literally every single landing I've had with them is the same as any other airline

    • @randomgooglename
      @randomgooglename 5 лет назад +2

      108 108 the joke was funny the first thousand times i read it is all im saying. just annoying af. reminds me of the kid in school that ruins the joke and everybody just stops laughing because of it

  • @chaspfrank
    @chaspfrank 5 лет назад +2

    Wow. Kind of surprised he would even attempt landing a MD10 at SAN with no flaps, compounded with low ceilings and multiple missed approaches. Not much margin for error given the runway length. Gutsy call with obvious confidence.

  • @SakariasLonghorn
    @SakariasLonghorn 5 лет назад +4

    @VASAviation how do you make these pretty animations ?

  • @FishyBusiness69
    @FishyBusiness69 5 лет назад

    All those missed approaches--KSAN really be like that

  • @flyerdon3116
    @flyerdon3116 5 лет назад +1

    I think I would have diverted to LAX or ONT. Longer runways and lower landing minimums.

  • @ericsbuds
    @ericsbuds 5 лет назад +4

    im always surprised how scratchy and muffled the people are. id have thought the clarity of the transmissions would be crystal clear by 2019! I know there must be technical limitations to the radio transmissions, so that's probably why.

    • @JamEngulfer
      @JamEngulfer 5 лет назад +7

      It's because what we hear has been picked up mostly by amateur radio listening, usually someone nearby the airport with an aerial and a computer. This means there are often objects in the way of the line of sight as well as various sources of interference, so the signal isn't as clear as in the sky, where the planes and airport have good antennas and almost always have line of sight.

    • @tommy35ss
      @tommy35ss 5 лет назад +5

      It's also VHF radio, which is the same as they used over 50 years ago, maybe even 80 years ago. The microphones and speakers have gotten better, and the transceivers as well, but we're still limited by radio transmissions themselves. It is just a bit scratchy sounding, not the clearest.

    • @ericsbuds
      @ericsbuds 5 лет назад +1

      I see I see. thanks!

    • @MarcMadoc
      @MarcMadoc 5 лет назад +2

      They still use AM (amplitude modulation). It was developed during the first quarter of the 20th century ... So very old system.

    • @tommy35ss
      @tommy35ss 5 лет назад +1

      @@MarcMadoc I was thinking that but couldn't remember. Just like am car radio but different frequency.

  • @stenic2
    @stenic2 5 лет назад

    just the idea of flying a no slats approach to the minima in fog is frightening

  • @reapz3621
    @reapz3621 5 лет назад +1

    Is it just me or does the map of that airport in the thumbnail look like a weapon xD

  • @boahneelassmal
    @boahneelassmal 2 года назад

    I was so confused by MD10 :'D

  • @VidClips858
    @VidClips858 3 года назад +1

    And reverse operations, as well.

  • @1stLtRyan
    @1stLtRyan 5 лет назад

    San Diego uses runway 27 95% of the time unless there's trash weather; sounds like bad weather and heavy fog/marine layer on top of it. Lucky that they made it in

    • @VASAviation
      @VASAviation  5 лет назад +1

      San Diego and all along the west coast. When operating easterly runways... bad weather is present.

    • @1stLtRyan
      @1stLtRyan 5 лет назад

      @@VASAviation very true. I lived in San Diego for some time and got to know the traffic pattern pretty well just from watching aircraft fly in. Others have brought this up but this approach was probably only possible on runway 09 due to the steep approach on 27 required by downtown.

  • @gaddemytx
    @gaddemytx 5 лет назад +2

    Why did aircraft not land with headwind? Metar was showing that wind was from 340, so why did they land on 09?

    • @evanthepilot
      @evanthepilot 5 лет назад

      gaddemyt Most likely because there is a hill before runway 27 and it seems like they would have to decend really fast on short final but with runway 09 there is no hill that I know of and they would have a normal approach, just a guess

    • @gaddemytx
      @gaddemytx 5 лет назад

      @@evanthepilot yeah, it sounds reasonable, but why did ALL aircraft before fedex land on 09?

    • @COA764
      @COA764 5 лет назад +6

      Runway 27 doesn't have an ILS approach because of terrain. Runway 9 does. The visibility was about 1/2 miles, so all aircraft needed the ILS 9, instead of the less precise RNAV approach for 27.

    • @gaddemytx
      @gaddemytx 5 лет назад +1

      @@COA764 seems legit! thank you!

    • @N1120A
      @N1120A 5 лет назад

      No ILS to runway 9 and minimums wouldn't allow for the approaches available to 27.

  • @cessna688
    @cessna688 5 лет назад

    Landing heavyweight with no flaps at KSAN of all places is very sporty! Edit: landing on 27 is less of an issue opposed to the localizer for 9 which goes over the skyline

    • @VASAviation
      @VASAviation  5 лет назад +2

      Landing on 27 would have made it more difficult.

  • @selftrue670
    @selftrue670 5 лет назад

    Landing with no flaps certainly reduces the margin for error aka margin for contingencies.

    • @bigc9452
      @bigc9452 5 лет назад

      They have no slats "leading edge" not flaps

  • @fatlittleparasite
    @fatlittleparasite 5 лет назад

    Fly high captain, RIP ro the families

    • @nikki.t33
      @nikki.t33 5 лет назад +2

      They are all alive

    • @fatlittleparasite
      @fatlittleparasite 5 лет назад

      @@nikki.t33 sadly there was fatal let them rest please

    • @joku75
      @joku75 5 лет назад +1

      @@fatlittleparasite that was a completely different incident. different plane, different airline, different location, differend problems

  • @freddy4672
    @freddy4672 5 лет назад +9

    We ALL have flap problems. Get over it.

  • @icemachine79
    @icemachine79 5 лет назад

    N904DR needs to keep his trap shut for a minute.

  • @tchecholino
    @tchecholino 5 лет назад

    Do you have anything about the British go around at Gilbratar?

  • @eddie120084
    @eddie120084 5 лет назад

    Can you do a break down video on the Amazon flight that crashed in Texas when the information and details are finally available?

    • @VASAviation
      @VASAviation  5 лет назад

      You have the video on the channel.

  • @andytaylor1588
    @andytaylor1588 5 лет назад +15

    No SLATS doesn't mean no FLAPS.

    • @kilobitti
      @kilobitti 5 лет назад +1

      But at 7:50 the pilot confirms it’s just a flap problem.

    • @VASAviation
      @VASAviation  5 лет назад +4

      180 knots VREF, can you tell if they extended flaps and no slats?

    • @gomphrena-beautifulflower-8043
      @gomphrena-beautifulflower-8043 5 лет назад +1

      I think ATC thought the pilot said “flaps.”

    • @Bartonovich52
      @Bartonovich52 5 лет назад

      Doesn’t it? I know a few aircraft that prohibit flap extension without slat extension.

    • @carlvogt6162
      @carlvogt6162 5 лет назад

      When setting the Flap-Lever to the first notch, only the Slats extend... on the second notch the Flaps move out as well

  • @lukasnemec144
    @lukasnemec144 5 лет назад

    Hey, can you make a video how CSA A330-200 From Prague to Soule have to take way back to Prague from Poland because of fuel leake.? :D

  • @virginiaviola5097
    @virginiaviola5097 3 года назад

    Why so many go arounds?

  • @jakesimpson6365
    @jakesimpson6365 5 лет назад

    Do you get the audio from live ATC?

  • @ClayR11
    @ClayR11 5 лет назад

    Thankfully it was RW9 not 27

  • @ThatWasLoud
    @ThatWasLoud 4 года назад

    Members onboard? 7:27

  • @jemand8462
    @jemand8462 5 лет назад

    why do they need the fuel on board on an emergency landing?

  • @mariog4433
    @mariog4433 5 лет назад

    They speak super fast. How do they get used to understand every word, including numbers? How do they practice.

  • @smartyrdumb4681
    @smartyrdumb4681 5 лет назад +1

    I’ve dabbled in “flap problems” once.. Not in Nam of course.. #thankvets

  • @CRG_AMK
    @CRG_AMK 5 лет назад

    How fast is a high speed landing vs a normal landing?

    • @VASAviation
      @VASAviation  5 лет назад

      In this case, like 40 knots faster.

  • @braydenlabrecque9577
    @braydenlabrecque9577 5 лет назад +1

    That had to be fun😂

  • @AthanImmortal
    @AthanImmortal 5 лет назад

    Untrimmed video link says "Unavailable".

  • @TheSwanlake2009
    @TheSwanlake2009 5 лет назад

    Another cargo plane having problems great!!

  • @Ubernator
    @Ubernator 5 лет назад +1

    How hard is it for the big jets to actually get slow without flaps?

    • @SakariasLonghorn
      @SakariasLonghorn 5 лет назад +2

      I guess the pilot can still use Airbrakes and extend the landing gear to slow down the aircraft. Choosing to land on a runway facing the wind can help too.

    • @AEMoreira81
      @AEMoreira81 5 лет назад +6

      Not easy. The MD-11 has a very high stall speed and I imagine that the DC-10/MD-10, its predecessor, also has a high stall speed. By contrast, the Boeing 757 has a really slow stall speed of just 87 knots.

    • @heyitsvos
      @heyitsvos 5 лет назад +5

      It’s not about the slats slowing them down, it’s what allows them to lower their stall speeds while maintaining lift, as Adam said

    • @skyhawkpm2469
      @skyhawkpm2469 5 лет назад

      In a Cessna 172, flaps slow you down while maintaining a pitch down attitude for better visibility and reduces stall speeds. Without flaps, the only way to slow down would be to maintain pitch up attitude which results in approaching the runway flat and it’s hard to see the runaway. I remember practicing a flaps 0 landing once and the whole time I thought I was too high on approach but in reality the approach was fine, the sight of the runway looked completely different as I wasn’t able to aim for the numbers. Good reminder to practice once again. I think landing without flaps is challenging and definitely I would definitely declare an emergency.

  • @caygill2
    @caygill2 5 лет назад

    There's still a flying MD10?

  • @nativecompanion1562
    @nativecompanion1562 5 лет назад +4

    It seems to me that women are better at ATC than men. Many of the men sound like auctioneers. I'm not an aviator.

  • @ThatWasLoud
    @ThatWasLoud 5 лет назад +1

    pretty sure the Lindberg tower controller is a woman, not a sir

  • @sejal70506
    @sejal70506 5 лет назад +1

    FEDEX NEEDS TO RETIRE THEIR MD FLEET

    • @ItzneviiPS3
      @ItzneviiPS3 5 лет назад +2

      Ofcourse not 🤦🏻‍♂️🤦🏻‍♂️

    • @VASAviation
      @VASAviation  5 лет назад +3

      Can you argument why?

    • @twohi2play
      @twohi2play 5 лет назад

      They are slowly replacing them with the 767

  • @def9125
    @def9125 5 лет назад

    I don't like that plane. It has a terrible reputation.

    • @_chipchip
      @_chipchip 5 лет назад

      David Esquivel it does? Pretty sure they have a pretty solid flight history.

    • @cm2468
      @cm2468 5 лет назад

      @@_chipchip the DC-10 had a bad reputation in it's earlier stages but afterwards the stats showed is actually fairly safe as time went on, even with the cargo door issues, and it being the cause for the Air France Concorde to crash.

  • @monkeynuts456456
    @monkeynuts456456 5 лет назад

    lannding without FLAPS?! please! i can land with half a wing missing in War Thunder so chill out...

    • @VASAviation
      @VASAviation  5 лет назад +2

      Happy flights on your home simulator!