Space Station Freedom
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- Опубликовано: 9 фев 2025
- Space Station Freedom was a NASA-led multi-national project proposed in the 1980s to construct a permanently crewed space station in low Earth orbit. Despite initial approval by President Ronald Reagan and a public announcement in the 1984 State of the Union Address, the ambitious project faced significant budget cuts and delays. Ultimately, a scaled-down version of Freedom evolved into the US Orbital Segment (USOS) of the International Space Station (ISS).
"Power Tower" space station concept (1984)
In April 1984, the newly established Space Station Program Office at Johnson Space Center produced a first reference configuration; this design would serve as a baseline for further planning. The chosen design was the "Power Tower", a long central keel with most mass located at either end. This arrangement would provide enough gravity gradient stability to keep the station aligned with the keel pointed towards the Earth, reducing the need for thruster firings. Most designs featured a cluster of modules at the lower end and a set of articulated solar arrays at the upper end. It also contained a servicing bay. In April 1985, the program selected a set of contractors to carry out definition studies and preliminary design; various trade-offs were made in this process, balancing higher development costs against reduced long-term operating costs
"Dual Keel" space station concept (1985)
The newly conceived "Dual Keel" Station emerged as a sophisticated blend of Lockheed and McDonnell Douglas designs, boasting a structure that was significantly stiffer-resulting in enhanced stability. This innovative architecture promised not only increased space for external instruments but also a superior microgravity environment, a marked improvement over its predecessor, the gravity gradient-stabilized "Power Tower."
In response to the pressing concerns of scientists, the crew size was elevated to eight astronauts. The rationale? A mere six-member team would likely be overwhelmed by the demands of assembly and maintenance, leaving scant time for crucial research activities.
NASA set its sights on a launch date for the station's first element in January 1993; however, the initial operational capability was pushed back to January 1994. This delay stemmed primarily from a significant budget cut in Fiscal 1986, which slashed funding from $280 million down to a mere $200 million. The implications were profound, reshaping timelines and expectations for this ambitious project..
Revised Baseline Configuration (1987)
At the same time, late 1986, NASA carried out a study into new configuration options to reduce development costs; options studied ranged from the use of a Skylab-type station to a phased development of the Dual-Keel configuration. This approach involved splitting assembly into two phases; Phase 1 would provide the central modules, and the transverse boom, but with no keels. The solar arrays would be augmented to ensure 75 kW of power would be provided, and the polar platform and servicing facility were again deferred. The study concluded that the project was viable, reducing development costs while minimizing negative impacts, and it was designated the Revised Baseline Configuration. This would have a development cost of US$15.3 billion (in FY1989 dollars) and FEL in the first quarter of 1994. This replanning was endorsed by the National Research Council in September 1987, which also recommended that the long-term national goals should be studied before committing to any particular Phase 2 design.
This work is based on "Spacestation 7 - Procedural" (sketchfab.com/...) by re1monsen (sketchfab.com/...) licensed under CC-BY-4.0 (creativecommons...)
During 1986 and 1987, various other studies were carried out on the future of the U.S. space program; the results of these often impacted the Space Station, and their recommendations were folded into the revised baseline as necessary. One of the results of these was to baseline the Station program as requiring five shuttle flights a year for operations and logistics, rotating four crew at a time with the aim of extending individual stay times to 180 days.
#ISS #spacestation #nasa 
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As a kid, I had a poster of the dual keel Space Station Freedom. I’ve always loved that design, it’s still what I think of when I think space station.
I get that. But I'm a bit older than you. So when I hear the words "Space Station," my mind still defaults to a huge, slowly spinning wheel like the one shown in, "2001: A Space Odyssey." But at this stage; I'll take what we can get . . . .
Or one envisioned by Chesley Bonestell.
@@modelermark172eventually we may have such things; unfortunately space hasn’t been focused on enough to get the funding to build such a thing yet
Reagan spoke so eloquently about space. Say what you will about the man, but it was clearly very important to him (or at least the staffer who wrote his tech speeches).
Yeah, but what he promised isn't what we got. Instead of a viable launch system, we got the SLS. Same as Bush Snr. talking about the Constellation program. We will be lucky if we can honour the Apollo astronauts on the SIXTIETH anniversary of the moon landing with some form of progress - that's if there are any still alive.
Regan was a great actor. He had no problem following a script and putting feeling into it.
The man was a menace whose short-sighted policies have lead to nothing but division and strife among our population.
The current state of our media and political parties could have happened anyway, eventually, but in this timeline it has grown from the seeds of Reagan's choices. We needed to "protect conservative thought," he said, so news programs must be allowed to one-sidedly express political views (and not be held accountable for lying). Sociological messages of unity and acceptance, as seen every day on after school television? No need for taxpayers to fund that anymore. After all, Racism™ has been conquered, right? My generation was the last to see any of it. It wasn't just for the kids... Parents would see it, too, while we were watching TV. Look where we are now.
Those aren't the only policies, of course. Trickle-down economics has eroded the middle class and brought us "billionaire activist" Donald Trump and his Afrikaner friends Elon Musk and Peter Theil, who are actively attempting to dismantle our way of life in favor of a whitewashed version of the Third Reich and align themselves with Putin, Xi and Kim.
I hope the man is spinning in his grave. His "patriotism" is actively destroying the Nation he loved.
The current republican candidate hasn't quite got the same amount of decorum.
Love it when my comment gets removed because somebody (or the algorithm) doesn't like it, but I still get notifications for every new message.
Props to the camera operator spinning around in space untethered. What a brave soul !
It's CGI. There is no operator.
He's using MMU to move around untethered
Loved the inclusion of the Dynasoar spaceship.
We built that here at my company
That's an Assured Crew Return Vehicle actually. They were planned to be used as escape pods if an emergency occurred when a shuttle wasn't around. They were canceled after Russia got onboard the ISS program and their Soyuz could do that job.
@@RedRyanno es dynasoar, es el HL 20 o 40 creo
@@RCR72 I think that's the X-38
HL-42 Crew Vehicle actually
This was a beautiful and inspiring look at what could have been. Thank you, Hazegrayart!
As a model builder, I'm fortunate enough to have the (currently unassembled) kit of the Revell / Ceji 1/144th scale 1984 Boeing concept for the "Dual-Keel" Space Operations Center in my stash. This inspires me to give that kit a second look.
I'm also hoping that the Good People at Atlantis have the tooling for the 1/96th scale 1959 "Coffee Can" Space Station designed by Ellwyn E. Angle, (as a companion piece to his XSL-01 Moon Rocket,) and will bring this classic back, soon.
Thanks for making and sharing!
130th like.
Thank you for the kind words. It is always rewarding to know that the videos inspire modelers!
@@Hazegrayart You are more than welcome!
Please consider making future videos based on famous space model kits, such as the Ellwyn E. Angle "XSL-01" and "Space Station" he designed for Revell, as well as the MPC "Pilgrim Observer," designed by G. Harry Stein. In addition, Atlantis Models just reissued the Willy Ley "Orbital Rocket," and has plans to reissue the Revell "Helios Nuclear Powered Lunar Landing Craft," designed by Krafft A. Ehricke, in 1959 for Convair's Astronautics Division. These would all make fine subjects for videos!
Again, thanks!
@@modelermark172 - amen.
Yes I remember those speeches,the good old days when a person could dream about being with the stars.
I read a lot of dated books on space growing up, and a lot of them had stuff talking about Space Station Freedom. This is awesome.
I recently learned that the ISS’ orbital inclination is much higher than what was planned for Freedom to accommodate the Russian’s limitations. This made using the ISS as a shipyard for assembling large interplanetary spacecraft impractical because of the high delta v cost of leaving earth starting from that wonky orbit.
interesting
Yup, the benefits of working with the limited.
No point in using a space station for that anyway
That's very interesting. I wonder if a 23.5-degree inclination might be the best suitable for that, which in case wouldn't fly over the U.S., either.
I love the speeches that backdrop the video.
Freedom flies forever
I liked the concept I recall where they had of a tethered space telescope that would have floated around nearby and allowed the crew to do astronomy work there on the station.
Between three concepts in my opinion the first one is most beautiful.
A magnificent video. Thank you doing this and allowing us to see it.
Space Station Freedom would be proud.
I remember building my own Space Station Freedom model as a kid using cardboard tubes, sticks, foil, and masking tape.
All this became the International Space Station. From the seeds of pioneering to today. Feel bad that it’s about to end in 2030, but even so, we’re still in the pioneer age and still moving on. Who knows what space station will be next after the ISS leaves?
I think they were getting much out of the ISS from a research perspective since around the 2010 timeframe (have sufficient personnel on board, able to do the 400 or so experiments a year, etc.) - so almost 15 years now. If it does get deorbited in 2030, then that would be 20 years of solid service.
Gateway is what's next, with bases on the lunar surface a not long after, if not in parallel.
There are many being built or in concept phase right now:
Lunar Gateway
Axiom Station
Orbital Reef
Starlab
StarMax
Haven-1 & 2
@@FastSloth87 Oh yeah, if you include private companies there are dozens, but the ones you listed are the more promising ones
Amazing, as always. Beautiful.
What could have been. Listening to the speeches too.
What should have been.
@@knytrydr73 what will be, if we're brave enough to try
My favourite space station proposal
Reagan has to be the best orator we've ever had as president.
The man was a menace whose short-sighted policies have lead to nothing but division and strife among our population.
The current state of our media and political parties could have happened anyway, eventually, but in this timeline it has grown from the seeds of Reagan's choices. We needed to "protect conservative thought," he said, so news programs must be allowed to one-sidedly express political views (and not be held accountable for lying). Sociological messages of unity and acceptance, as seen every day on after school television? No need for taxpayers to fund that anymore. After all, Racism™ has been conquered, right? My generation was the last to see any of it. It wasn't just for the kids... Parents would see it, too, while we were watching TV. Look where we are now.
Those aren't the only policies, of course. Trickle-down economics has eroded the middle class and brought us "billionaire activist" Donald Trump and his Afrikaner friends Elon Musk and Peter Theil, who are actively attempting to dismantle our way of life in favor of a whitewashed version of the Third Reich and align themselves with Putin, Xi and Kim.
I hope the man is spinning in his grave. His "patriotism" is actively destroying the Nation he loved.
Beautiful renders. Your work is the best in this area.
Amazing work, you've outdone yourself (which is saying something!)
Any chance of seeing the Mir 2 proposals?
Or the Clinton proposals (from memory: mini-freedom, extra mini freedom and a monolithic design.)
So excellent!!!
A very excellent video!
Such an inspiration to listen to Ronald Regan!!!
Could use him now…
@@brettteeter3461 He would have endorsed Trump. Trump is the only choice for those who care about the exploration of space.
External truss looks very similar to that on the ISS. Not surprising since they serve the same purpose.
It looks the same because it is the same, the integrated truss was the result of many design studies for the SSF truss. Fabrication was underway by the time of the name change.
@dramaticusflatudicus3839 I am well aware of the history of the truss. I have worked on the P4, P6, S4, and S6 modules with the photovoltaic arrays and the associated radiators. How the turss mounts to the station is one major change, the ISS has a Z0 module to attach the station to the truss.
@ Perhaps it was just how your comment was worded. When it was still SSF, the section replaced by S0, would have been M-1 (mid-deck TS) but attaching to the racetrack. Many people are not aware and then are surprised at the similarities, without knowing why.
Ronald Reagan's voice was full of charisma, confidence, comfort, warmth and eloquence. An incredible speaker. And I say that as a native German speaker.
저는 새행성이라고생각됩니다
넘~멀어서 그렇죠
어쩜 지구와비슷한온도
구름도저광활한 바다도있구요❤❤❤❤❤❤❤
🤗🤗🤗🤗🤗🤗
Ahh Ronald Reagan - the founding father of the International Space Station. Listening to his sweet voice makes me feel so optimistic.
Love these Vids.
So many words, that took much much longer to act on then any President was able to keep commitment focused on.
Beautiful
they really eliminated that entire vertical strut in the ISS design, thats quiet the mass saving
Space Station Freedom redesigns over the years (before it merged with Mir-2 to form the ISS in 1993):
- 00:00 = Power Tower (1984)
- 03:12 = Dual-Keel (1985)
- 06:12 = Revised Baseline Configuration (1987)
People were better speakers back in the day..
That's what happens when you elect an actual actor instead of a "TV personality"
Wish we got the space station that was supposed to use an orbiter as the base of it
Space Station Enterprise? Yeah, that would’ve been cool.
Using the Space Shuttle external tank insode would be also good. It reached the same speed as the Space Shuttle anyway.
@@ArjunaKunti There were plans to put 2 or more shuttle ETs together and retrofit them with living spaces.
@@epj0211 that's what I wrote about. Very stunning plans.
Great imagery. There was some soaring rhetoric by Ronald Reagan - Unfortunately actual developments didn't pan out for over a generation (I think Elon was about twelve years old at the time of Reagan's State of the Union address?). A big part of the problem was that the economics of the Space Shuttle didn't pan out, so costs, reliability, cadence, etc. wasn't there to support the needs of much of the private sector. Good to hear about his vision for commercial participation back then though, but we didn't really see that come to fruition until recently.
Regan set into motion the precursor to Space Force; that was the start of our spacefaring civilization through the private enterprise development of space flight. From the space station to the Mars objective, this has been an amazing lifetime.
Superb work, as always. Reagan made that speech 40 years ago, two years before Challenger showed that being first and best is hubris
But challenger then wasn’t first or best for anything. It was a routine mission, its tenth, unrelated to ss freedom, that failed due to mechanical, than hubrical, issues.
And we continued to launch Space Shuttles, in 1988. For another 15 years.
@@Eshanas well, it was launched because an Idiot installed by Regan wanted to impress him and met a date so they can speak to the crew in Orbit, but for that it had to launch on that date, despite experts saying: that's a stupid idea, it's to cold, the O-Rings might be a problem.
And then the Hubris in other ways
I was on that engineering team. Very sad when these big, highly usable designs, got striped down into the ISS.
The last design was smaller than the US segment of the ISS is today.
You will never have a president like Ronald Reagan again. Such a man is born once every 100 years. Thanks to him and Margaret Thatcher, we people of Eastern and Central Europe regained our freedom.
The USSR fell due to low oil prices, Chernobyl and old guard dying off allowing Gorbachev to come to power. It had nothing to do with Ronald Reagan.
My dream is that in the future, there will be flight sim sandbox games that look like Hazegrayart video. Where you can build and design anything you want, and fly in the atmosphere, space, between planets, between stars, between galaxies… all from the comfort of your own home. Hell, possibly even on a mobile device.
“Lifesaving medicines that can only be developed in space”…some 40 years on, just where are we on that?
Sigh...If only Ronnie was President now...we need him now more than ever. 1st President I voted for all those years ago and I still consider him to have been our finest since I became an adult. Rest Easy Mr. President.
I wonder if Hazegrayart would ever consider doing spacecraft from For All Mankind, even if from an alternate history show, they did use a lot of concepts from irl research projects.
Please no more space debris ! 🙏
We need a real space station in Low Earth Orbit, where cargo and crew can gather to await their destination vessel. And we need dedicated spaceships, which stay in space. No tincans.
🚀🏴☠️🎸
The ISS represening the cooperation of all humanity is a better idea.
ISS 99.47% accurate 😯✍🔥
Not one star? Aren't there millions out there, and much brighter out of earth's atmosphere?
bro the lifting body escape pod was supposed to dock service module first not on its back
That was then.
Incredible!
i will own space station before they destroy it, it will be my another home in space. 😂
@Hazegrayart >>> Great video...👍
GORGEOUS！！！
We need new Reagan
Sigh... humanity is disappointing we were promised star trek, instead we got this reality...
Most American station name probably
And then the Shuttle happened...
This could have been Space Station Freedom
AMAZINGNES!!!
Space Station Fred was a great idea... until it ran into Congress and budgets...
And Congress said "no" which they are still essentially doing.
Long Live the Space Shutte !
CONGRATULATIONS 🎉 SUCCESS ❤️💎🥹🌍
That's some pretty awesome brainwashing you got there, Hazegrayart! Imagine how stupid you gotta be to swallow that.
As impressive as Regan's speak was, he was completely full of it.
Very nice, had to stop when the devil started narrating with his speech.
Not only America it was buils with the help of russia.
The video was great until the warmonger George Bush Sr. started speaking.
Gulf War, ending the Iraqi occupation of Kuwait is a warmonger? as a gulf war vet I find this insulting
@@Hazegrayart so let me get this straight. A Gulf War vet does not think George Bush Senior is a warmonger? You are the single solitary example of that my friend. My brother died in his son's War, who was also a warmonger following in his Father's Footsteps.
I thank you for your service, but I give no thanks to the Commander in Chief in charge at the time of your service
Ну не шмогла я, не шмогла....