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Nouns: A Case of Case
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- Опубликовано: 11 фев 2018
- How to yield the mighty power of noun cases.
(Apologies for the lengthy end vlog...there was a lot I wanted to say.)
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LINKS:
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► BIG LIST OF NOUN CASES: en.wikipedia.o...
► ITHKUIL: www.ithkuil.net...
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STUFF IN THE VIDEO I DIDN'T MAKE:
► LATIN DECLENSION CHART: bencrowder.net/...
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SPECIAL THANKS TO
► Isaac Silbert
► Icarus Narcissus
► Robin Hilton
► World Anvil
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► Lock
► Josephine Warner
► Eric Lange
► Jason Dodge
► Sean M
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► Smokey Le Crow
► Luke Anthony Hillcoat
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► Monsieur La Guillotine
► Peter Noort
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► Daniel Palmer
Thanks for watching everyone. It means a lot. :)
"I would rather decline two drinks than one German adjective." - Mark Twain
The funny part is that German adjective declension is dead easy.
@@ghenulo It's not that easy. It may have few cases, but german declination depends a lot if an adjective has a type of article before it or not, which often leads to confusion
You had the chance to make your dative of dog _doge,_ and you blew it!
Also, as a Finn, I am happy about our 15 cases, but sometimes mourn for the lost ones that didn't make it into standard Finnish: the prolative (through or by something) that died and left only a bunch of fossil words, and the exessive [sic] (out of being something) that would have completed the "general locative" trinity with essive and translative.
SHIT! Golden opportunity missed. :( :(
Not just prolative that is everywhere in Finnish, but cases that only attach to adverbs (!) and "full" cases that aren't used much (abessive, which tends to be substituted with "ilman + genitive").
I would argue that if Finnish gets the full 15 (even as abessive, comitative, and instructive are limited), Hungarian gets closer to 25 than 18.
@@peabody1976 abessive can be substituted with "ilman + partitive", not with genitive. And what are those 7 missing cases then...
So what if for dative case
It would be +i
However dog is irregular so it uses
Doge
bonein tho
This reminds me that from somewhere I saw a joke about making a conlang with the noun inflicted with Pokemon type and verb conjugated with effectiveness.
Haha!
If you find it I want a link
And also, that really makes me thinking about making a conlang based on Pokemon world. Maybe there are still suffixes for types and effectiveness, but not mandatory in most of the situation.
So it's basically kay(f)bop
I just looked it up. That's hilarious i genuinely lol'd.
I've been having such a hard time understanding the differences between the case systems, and you just explained them in a way I can easily understand. Thank you so much.
No probs. Glad you enjoyed.
_Technically,_ the genitive just marks that one noun modifies another; possession is just one application of this.
Fair.
Yep, my language(Serbo-croatian/Serbian/Croatian/Bosnian... Just avoid ever naming it) has 16 subtypes of genitive...
+Filip Dragojlović serbo-croatian-croatian-serbian-bosnian?
Naþan Ø The elegant solution is BHS (Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian), but no one really uses it... We call our language "our language" most of the time when we aren't sure how the other person calls it.
Fascinating!
1:44 "Like, in Finnish, ..."
Oh god don't bring up the infinite list of cases in Finnish...
I managed to contain myself. :P
Minä olen oppiva Suomi ja se on potkiva tässä minun takapuoli!
DHHQ
Mitä sian saksaa sinä höpiset?
Gunja Fury sorry, still learning
DHHQ
Aaaah, understood. I was just a bit confused.
declensions are kinda my favorite and least favorite thing. i love the freedom of word order (especially for like poetry) but it also makes things so much more complicated. so much of my time when studying latin was spent going over the subtleties of declensions and what they mean in so many different contexts
Great summary.
I don't really speak any languages with declensions in them, but even in English I occasionally notice they'd be useful. E.g. this neat stuff you didn't touch on here:
"The man gave the bone to the dog. And then the cat."
- One can decline "the cat" to set the meaning of the second sentence by saying which noun from the first one it replaces.
"The man gave the bone to the dog. The small one."
- Here "The small one" would be declined to say which of the things you were clarifying to be small.
"The man gave the bone to the dog." "Which?"
- And this time declension would specify which noun the second speaker was asking "Which?" about.
This is my favourite thing about studying Latin.
People either love or hate Latin for it's cases.
I love you. I am a native english speaker, and the only other language I have any knowledge in is spanish, so noun cases are completely foreign to me. Thank you so much.
No problem, pal. Glad you enjoyed.
English has a few noun cases too
TheSuomi It does?! How haven’t I noticed?! What are they???
@@suddenlystanning8307 the genitive case 's, accusative case for person pronouns (me, him etc)
@@thesuomi8550 Course English also does other weird things to get around the lack of them and still allow subject/object displacement commonly indicated by changes in the verb instead. Compare "You bought which book?" in the canonical SVO order with the equally valid "Which book did you buy?" with the grammatical object moved to the start of the sentence and the verb somehow managed to take on it's present tense form despite asking about the past action of having bought a book the word "did" ends up being needed to place the action in the past in this new sentence structure. I guess that's the thing though while on the one hand you don't have to learn all the cases on the other hand you now have to deal with the cumbersome workarounds that evolve to deal with the absence of them.
In my conlang, Aydinirian Language, there is 6 cases - nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, ablative and allative. But it's not a whole story, there are also 4 numbers (singular, dual, plural and absolute) and the declination of nouns is divided into 3 different categories where each one except the first one is further divided into subcategories based on the stem, in this case last vowel.
Oh, and there are litteraly 11 grammatical persons (I, you singular, he, she, it, we inclusive, we exclusive, we dual, you plural, they and obviative) xD
Dévanaur̄ cazhifyanôro aivôn bali yana darādrava eńara han érakhni o dhiryani cabhar Éxań Khshāyarvanaz Aydīnirań!
Fean Khshāyarvanat! Aťeaji Ahûrani Khshāyar raheti! Rahetarti!
In English:
May all the powerfull gods have mercy for you, for this is the noble and beautiful tongue of the Great Aydinirian Empire!
Glory to the Empire! Long live the Divine Emperor! Long may He live!
Gonna be touching on a bit of this in the next video.
LOL! And to think that some people complain that Esperanto has an accusative and noun/adjective agreement.
I'm pretty sure your "11 persons" are
1st person singular
2nd persond singular
3x 3rd person singular
2x 1st person plural
1st person dual
2nd person dual
3rd person plural
3rd person with obviative marker.
In my opinion, you can at most claim to have 4 persons, if your obviative works as it's own thing clearly distinct in form and function from the 3rd person, but not eleven, these are all numbers, genders and the inclusive/exclusive distinction.
Edit: Added Imo.
You deserve all those patreon supporters! Keep up the amazing videos!
Definitely! Thanks for the support. :)
What's funny about me and noun cases is that I started usinɡ them before I had even heard of them. I am currently learninɡ Latin, so the idea of declininɡ nouns has been kind of drilled into my head! Because of this, and my ɡeneral fascination with noun cases and verb conjuɡations, my conlanɡs tend to have a lot of cases.
Coool!
Artifexian I've even added a system where the ɡenitive case alters the nouns main case to show both when a noun owns another noun but also when a noun *is owned by* anothe noun.
That actually exists in some natural languages. It seems to be called the "possessed case". There are also languages with possessive affixes (i.e. affixes that mean things like "my", "your", etc. attached to the word instead of a separate word.)
TaiFerret Just another reasom why I hate my native lanɡuaɡe, Enɡlish! It's so stupid and borinɡ! That's also why I love linɡuistics and conlanɡinɡ!
be safe love yuy
My conlang has 20 cases and I might be adding more soon!
List?
Good god, how would anyone learn something like that?!
Dat Lit Wick the same way anyone learns prepositions in English
> Be Artifexian.
> Extensively work on conlang and publish videos on conlang.
> Make it an art to respond to nearly all comments with one monosyllabic word.
He's efficient.
Cases and tenses are probably my favourite part of world building, so I';m really glad to see this video included. I also think that you did a really good job of explaining everything pretty clearly :)
If I had a favourite case, it would be the locative. It is just so nice.
Just came to say, WorldAnvil is AMAZING
Check it out, folks.
In czech we have 7.
I will use word rabbit or Králík in czech
1. Rabbit/Králík (the word)
2. Rabbita/Králíka (without him)
3. Rabbitovi/Králíkovi (to whom)
4. Rabbita/Králíka (i see what, in some words its the same as 2)
5. Rabbite!/Králíku (How you call him as a name, have more types as you can see)
6. Rabbitovi/Králíkovi (about him, in some cases can be the same as 3)
7. Rabbitem/Králíkem (with him)
Awesome!
Artifexian thx
Lucari... How can I address you in Vocative case?
Ptrk Hrnk lucario
Lucariův Skromný kanál Yay! Another Czech :)
In Japanese, the distinction between case markers and postpositions is somewhat ambiguous and depends mostly on sound rather than syntax. Also, it has no exceptions whatsoever to the use of the case suffixes (there are no declensions) so the suffixes act more like separate words from their nouns than in many languages.
Really helpful video. Great quality as always. Thanks, Edgar!
No probs, pal. Thank you for watching.
Also, Ithkuil have 96 cases, not 92. There are 72 main cases and 24 Comparison cases. The main cases contains the following:
11 Transrelative cases
7 Possessive cases
32 Associative cases
15 Temporal cases
6 Spatial cases
1 Vocative case
(reference: www.ithkuil.net/04_case.html )
There are also bunch of inflictions and affixations for various stuffs. Take the root *Pʰ* "Tree" for example:
Is there only one tree, two trees, a group of tree that looks the same, a group of tree that looks different, or a group of same-looking tree that form a larger concept (forest for example)? [Configuration]
What is the purpose of the tree? [Affiliation]
Are we talking about this specific tree, trees in general, or some abstract concept about trees? [Perspective]
What part of the tree is it, all of it, part of it, or the end of it? [Extention]
Is this tree a existing one or a imagined one? [Essence]
(reference: www.ithkuil.net/03_morphology.html )
And these 5 are only a part of thing you can (actually in this case, must) do. There are also some other stuff in the word structures and a tons of suffixes.
(suffixes: www.ithkuil.net/07_suffixes.html )
Ithkuil is hard.
Pretentious I use Reddit and also read from Baidu sometimes.
One of the most difficult part for me now is using all these roots, cases, suffixes and such to express the concept I want. Probably it's because that I'm not familiar enough with them. Like, once it took me over half an hour to make a word and end up asking in Reddit. Most of time was spent on root and suffix searching.
Looks like the cases Perspective and Essence have some overlap (abstract - imagined). I'm sure there must be a lot of overlap like this if you have 96 cases. Highly inefficient. Not my thing!
*German 101 flashbacks*
*der, den, das, die, dem, des, der, den*
Rajan *shudder*
*der die das die*
*den die das die*
*dem der dem den*
*des der des der*
The basics of German is especially difficult for beginners but once you get past these, it's actually very logical! *sideyes English*
Well this sounds horrifying
You can even use cases alongside adpositions to create more complex meanings.
My conlang would use the allative with “in” to mean “into” and with “between” to meant “through”
I also use the allative and ablative case to indicate tense on “is X” statements since my conlang has no “be” verb.
Hebrew has a really cool system of noun possession, it can really shorten a sentence elegantly, for example:
(kh means voiceless velar fricative)
aron = closet
aroni = my closet
aroneno = our closet
aronkha = your closet (male)
aronkhem = your closet (male plural)
aronekh = your closet (female)
aronkhen = your closet (female plural)
arono = his closet
aronam = their closet (male)
arona = her closet
aronan = their closet (female)
Wanna add prefixes as well? here you go:
be'aron = in a closet
le'aron = to a closet
me'aron = from a closet
So if you also use Hebrew verb conjugation you can say "we hid in her closet" in just two words: "hitkhabeno be'arona"
pretty cool, ha?
Ye, quechua does a similar thing. I believe.
YES FINALLY ANOTHER VIDEO!!!
I am sooo happy right now!
Me too. :)
My conlang is even more extreme than English. It doesn't even have a Genitive-s. Declination is not a thing.
Thanks for mentioning WorldAnvil. I really enjoy world building but always struggled to write a story on top of the world, which in turn let the world die. So now I can build my worlds first without the lack of story telling stopping me. ^^
I don't usually like videos that don't directly pertain to my academic research, but I'm really happy to hear that your patreon campaigns went well and that you'll be able to make a career of this. I hope to be able to offer my own contributions once my finances stabilize a bit. In the meantime, keep on being awesome and making amazing videos! :)
I'm so glad for this channel. It was really hard for me to wrap my head around a lot of these concepts from just reading the wikipedia pages lol
Tell me about it. I'm lucky to have a couple of linguistically inclined friends I can bounce questions off.
This channel and the links it has has always been so helpful when I’m making conlangs. The first one that I’m actually fully fleshing out into a full fledged speakable language exists in no small part because of this great series.
My old conlang only had 6 - I feel desperately inferior now. :P
It's not about how many. 0 is a perfectly acceptable amount.
Lol I did something weird with one of my conlangs, I decided to make my locative case handle possession, similarity, and family relation. Also the allative shows motion towards something, but I also said "why not show increasing similarity, change in possession, or allowance?"
Idk I like merging junk
Ferrariman601 less is more
lol you do need 1
Don't worry, there's plenty of complexity to be had with just 6, if that's what you want!
After all, all of those 92 functions that Ithkuil had a case for also need a case in your language, even if it's shared. For instance, Latin has an Ablative of Instrument (AoI) and Ablative of Agent (AoA), instead of giving them their own cases. Chuck a bunch of them in, add some unique exceptions to them (say, AoI makes the noun take neuter endings, whatever its gender, while AoA has an 'e' prefix on the normal ablative endings).
In German, cases are used to mark subject, direct and indirect object so the wordorder marks
• Conditional clauses (sometimes), e.g. Ich gehe "I am going" vs. Gehe ich "If I am going (or will be going)"
• Questions, e.g. Gehe ich? "Am I going?"
• Focus and topic
As a Hungarian this system feels logical and really makes expressing subtle things possible without many additional words. On the other hand I'd choose to learn English any day over Hungarian (or Finnish or what have you).
Agree.
Fefinix Hungarian is fine if you were born here but otherwise it's a pain in the ass. I've always hated grammar lessons for this very reason: why do I have to learn all those cases if I can use them? Maybe I just had TERRIBLE grammar teachers (which I had to be honest) or it doesn't even make sense to native Hungarians.
Nyugi, ezzel mindenki így van szerintem. :D
In my conlang there are 3 cases+ 2 modifications
Nominative:
M: èrn, èrnëy
F: àrn,àrnëy
N:uyrn,uyrnëy
Accusative
M: eyü,eyúz
F:aiy,aiyz
N:z,dz
Genitive
M:sûe,suân
F:suir,suirēz
Definite art.
M:è,èz
F:à,àz
N:eyt,eyts
Sub.subj (main noun of a sentense with special verbs)
M,F,N: âín,âínts
Your youtube channel is my favorite spot on the internet. Nobody has sparked my creativity like you, man. Keep up the awesome work!
Great explanation! Makes the topic very easy to understand.
That's the goal.
I really enjoy watching these videos about the simplest grammar tasks for englishmen, like 'oh! It's possible to coniugate a verb, you really shoud try it one time' or 'a short explanation, what is an adjective, becouse it is something different than noun'. Anyway, it was kind of fun, for me.
Glad you enjoyed.
Artifexian Glad You make videos
My current conlang titled "Greg" has noun cases.
The language only has one syllable, pronounced "Greg", but with several different tones & lengths.
The case is marked with the first syllable, and is determined by length.
man, your german pronounciation is almost percfect, good job, great video. Hope you will get to your patreon goal soon, so you can make videos without needing to worry about money so much. A few sponsored videos would be nice too. Audible and Brilliant are sponsoring a ton of educational videos and since i consider this educational, maybe there might be some interest in working together.
I'm half german, so that helps. I'm pretty sure this channel doesn't get viewed enough for sponsor to be interested in it. :/
No tnecessarily, I know of a young YTer that had acquired 2 sponsors having only done 2-3 videos. At the least, contacting them could get you on their radar..."We like what we're seeing, how about calling again when you hit X views/subscribers/fill in the metric?" kind of thing. I appreciate your great work!
My language has 19 cases with 3 genders and 4 declension schemes each, and almost every one can be added on to nouns that already have cases on them. No numerical limit to the amount of cases one individual noun can have.
Farsi doesn't really have a noun case system, in fact has less than English, the way you tie nouns together is actually pretty straight forward and can probably be fully understood within a week of intensive study (took me much longer cause I started learning it very lazily)
I was just rewatching some of your vids this morning before class and wishing for a new one soon! Thank you for such prompt wish fulfillment.
Glad to be of service. :)
@0.08 "Nouns identify people, places, things and ideas," with 4 star wars references and I already love this video. :)
Woohoo! Sounds like this could be the first of many more incredible Atifexian videos! Thank you for kindling the growing flame in me that is becoming a fully-fledged love of linguistics! (i already loved worldbuilding, so, sorry. you can't have credit for that one!)
"The mana gave the woman's dogi a boneo," atleast you put an 'o' instead of an 'r'.
The R is implied ( ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°)
He should have put a "go" instead of "i"
Or an e
The mana gave the woman's doge a boner
My conlang only had 20, I might have gone overboard on making it easier.
hmer Ortepekseyen!
(Thanks Artifexian)
No probs. Thanks for watching.
Artifexian is BACK yay
Been back for awhile now. Due to youtubes awful notification system there's probably a couple of videos you've missed.
To improve your chances of seeing Artifexian notifications, use the bell icon next to the subscribe button.
BTW Russian Instrumental case has a lot more applications than just making the word an instrument. For example, it can mark a profession of somebody "he works /as a teacher/", OR it defines the most used object in a sentence "he rules /the kingdom/", OR it marks the agent in the passive voice "the house is built /by workers/", OR it marks the cause of smth "to be ill /by the flu/", OR to define the time "/The Sunday morning/ he woke up", OR the measure "to load the grain /in barrels/", and many more.
For the sake of conlang you can theoretically define a case by the (English) preposition it would replace, but IRL it has a lot more functions, plus cases can work together with prepositions to even more fine tune the meaning.
Latin has 7 cases, though. Vocative, nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, ablative, and locative. It could possibly have had more at one point, but those are the ones I am sure about; I had Latin classes in college last year, and I had to memorize the first three declensions for 5 of those cases because the vocative is almost always identical to the nominative and the locative is pretty rare, but it's still existent, so you should include it for a total of 7.
Anyway, I'd really like a video about morphosyntactic alignment (nominative-accusative vs. ergative-absolutive). David Petterson's explanation is just about perfect to me, but I would like to see someone else's perspective. The conlang I've been working on on-and-off for over a decade now (with very little actual progress being ever achieved) has an ergative-absolutive alignment for the most part, and morphosyntactic alignment is one of the most fascinating grammatical concepts I've ever heard of.
It depends on how you're teaching it.
All Latin teachers and text books I know go with five cases for declension tables, and talk about the other two as defective cases later on.
Ergativity is on the list.
Proto x (the name is just a temporary place holder) has 9 cases:
Nom.
Abs.
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Erg.
Loc.
Voc.
Instr.
Nom. and Acc. are used for voluntary actions
Erg. and Abs. are used for involuntary actions
language is the greatest work of humans.
JK it's memes.
You're not wrong.
That's good to know!
;3
Languages themselves satisfy the technical criteria for a meme, they're just not designed to be extremely infectious.
yea, and the constant creation of "new" words (like Spaget and Wae) can alter the way we type or or write in order to look funny, so yea, language is memes and memes are language.
viral (meme) versus durable (language)?
My conlang has eleven cases so far. I think I watched this video a while back and it helped me come up with my case scheme. The inflection is placed on the articles and pronouns in mine.
So "[Get] away from me!" -> "Emva!" / Em = me/I / va = marker for ablative case (away from).
I voted for this video topic but I didn't realise how interesting the topic would be! Every time my inspiration is starting to wane, I watch a new Artifexian video and all my inspiration comes right back :D
Awesome vid, I liked the Star Wars graphics and it's cool to know your Patreon is succeeding!
Finnish actually has an ablative too and something that resembles instrumental
It does but I wanted to feature a couple of different languages. I could have demonstrated most of this through Finnish alone.
Artifexian Omg you answered! Yeah, I completely understand that it'd get a bit boring if it was just finnish
+Artifexian While I did need some of the explanations of cases, I didn't need all, since my native language has 7 of them: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, vocative, instrumental and locative.c
Hmm... A Slavic language? Polska?
+かたつむり You can guess my country and my language by my channel's name, you not-nerdy-enough-type-of-person.
Esperanto has also the Nominative and Accusative, so good choice i guess.
Perhaps, but it was really just a matter of what fitted nicely on screen and was clear and concise. It's up to you guys to take the info and run with it.
Love that title.
Cheers.
This reminded me of my nightmare conlang, which has 8 cases (nominative, vocative, accusative, genitive, dative, ablative, locative, and instrumental), 3 grammatical numbers (singular, dual, and plural), and 4 grammatical genders (masculine, feminine, neuter, and nonbinary). It requires declensions for the case and number, but does not decline for gender. However, adjectives must agree with their noun's gender, and verbs must agree with the subject's gender. Yes, this conlang is specifically designed to be as annoying as possible.
Latin has 7 noun cases-- Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Ablative, Vocative, and Locative. I can understand the overlook of their locative, since it only applies to certain (albeit irregular) words.
It also technically has 8 declension systems--1, 2, 2n, 3, 3n, 4, 4n, 5. Again, easy to overlook the neuter ones, although they are very common in the language.
That's simply a question how you count cases and declensions. Vocative and Locative are defective, so it's quite common to not count them any more. The neuter declensions are usually just counted as part of the 2nd/3rd/4th one - if we're counting them separately, we should also refer to i-stems like _turris_ as a separate category, bringing the count up to 9.
My nouns are pretty naked. There's just plurality and posession. Verbs, on the other hand, are adorned like a Christmas tree. Besides the 12 tenses English has conceptually (if not hardcoded), there are also negation, passivity, permission, ability, desire, and need as potential suffixes. Granted, these things aren't ALWAYS present... Only when needed, so there are still languages that go far beyond this by including these things both when they are active and when they are not, but I think it's a good start...
4:48 if I've understood German properly (I'm learning it at school) then one of these quirks is that although German doesn't have a locative system it uses dative and accusative to clarify what is being affected by the preposition. This again opens for more word order based on the different inflections, examples of this being:
The school lies by the bar.
Die Schule liegt bei der Bar. (Both school and bar are feminine for clarity)
Der Bar liegt die Schule bei.
As the bar is marked in dative from the preposition bei it makes it clear that the bar is being described from the perspective of the school rather than the other way around. It wouldn't really make sense to say "Die Bar liegt die Schule bei" as it wouldnt be specifying what is the point of view, though through context and that I don't think this is used in casual conversation this is again just an interesting quirk.
I'm not entirely sure this is how German works, but in Norwegian we have a similar system without marking nouns with inflections, a bit like "Skolen ligger ved siden av baren" and "Det er baren som skolen ligger ved siden av". This is not really used unless you want to add emphasis on the bar, most often when you correct something they said, the closes I found in English being "The school lies by the bar" and "It's the bar (not something else) the school is next to".
Regardless of this being how German actually works it's an interesting quirk I think I want to use in my conlang so that you don't confuse sentences like this one "The school lies by the bar in the slums" and "The school lies by the bar, in the slums". Only a comma away from each other, but one says that both of them are in the slums and the other states only the bar is. Being able to specify all three possible forms of the sentence (school in the slums, bar in the slums, both of them in the slums) without needing to change the word order is kind of the system I want to make.
Case system can no longer be in free order as the sentence becomes more complicated with subordinate and relative clauses. That's why I prefer solely depending on word order and adpositions to convey noun functions, it's more efficient.
I LOVE English's case, it makes thelanguafe so easy to learn.
Luckily I'm Czech, that means 7 cases:
1. nominative
2. genitive
3. dative
4. accusative
5. vocative
6. locative
7. instrumental
The case expresses the "attitude" of the speaker towards the subject he or she is talking about. Cases are often expressed by using a preposition - e.g. the genitive is often used with the preposition "z/ze" (from), the dative can be used with "k/ke" (to/towards), "do" (to/into), etc. No preposition is used with the nominative and vocative. Go to Prepositions for more information.
Examples (using the word "hrad" - "castle"):
Nominative: "hrad"
Hrad je starý. - The castle is old.
Genitive: "hradu"
Z hradu vycházejí lidé. - People are coming out of the castle.
Dative: "hradu"
Cesta vede ke hradu. - The road leads to the castle.
Accusative: "hrad"
Vidím hrad. - I see a castle.
Vocative: "hrade"
The vocative is used only for calling/addressing someone or something.
Locative: "hradu"
Mluvím o hradu. - I am talking about a castle.
Instrumental: "hradem"
Za hradem je les. - There is a forest behind the castle.
My conlang uses the verb to show noun case, using a directional system for sentences that nouns for both the subject and object. This system also replaces pronouns.
For example: I am speaking to you would be “espeaka”, “the man slept” would be “man slepti”, and “the man fed the dog” would be any arrangement of “man dog fedi”
Hey! my dude! great videos, for real. I would love to see more world building stuff and maybe not toooo much on conlangs. Specifics on how to conlangs are made is dope, but I would like more broad topics. Maps, histories, constructing social classes and cultures, etc.
these videos are the best for my soul
Tagalog has a similar system to this! It uses separate indicator words that come before nouns instead of suffixes to mark subject and object of a sentence.
Here’s an idea… Artifexian and Because Science are the flip side of a coin! Edgar looks for the probable fictional worlds on top of popular science. Kyle looks for the probable science under popular fictional worlds.
First of all I'm German and just so used to it that I never thought about putting it into my conlang. And I wondered in primary school why English has no cases. BTW you German pronunciations are spots on!
Man, your art is becoming more amazing each video. Cheers!
My absolute favorite case system is NOM, ACC, DAT. A good amount of natural languages skip the genitive in the case hierarchy if you're wondering.
If by "a good amount of natural languages" you mean German.
@@user-pk9qo1gd6r It's not just German though
Thanks so much for this awesome video! I'm glad you're close to being full time. Good luck man
I’m so excited for your Patreon success. You deserve it 😊
We have these cases in Bosnian and we have 7
Nominativ, genitiv, dativ, accusativ, vokativ, lokativ and instrumental
Finaly,Artifexian has returned!
Been back for 6ish months now. RUclips is terrible at notifying you guys. :(
Yeah!I just saw this video!RUclips has a problem whit notification sorting,but everything is great now!I can watch meny Artifexian videos!
P.S:Can you do worldbuilding videos again,those were the greatest!
Great channel! My new favourite! In a future video could you talk about verbs please? They seem like one of the most important parts of any given language. Oh, and maybe something about articles (the most useless part of language)...
Yes, both of those are on the list.
@@larho9031 a lot of languages don't have any articles
This would of made understanding this way easier had I had this before I understood this
Great video
Thanks, pal. :)
Alright you guys wanna hear what cases really do?
My dative case derives from the word "for" and was shortened into the suffix -o, but because it derived from the word "for", you don't need a benefactive, and also any sentence that could use the instrumental case uses the dative case if you do something with an object for the sake of said object. Keep this in mind when you create cases, because it will help make your conlangs more naturalistic
I'm working on a language, that due to the syntactical changes of the language during the inflection of the declensions, it caused the nominative to be a suffix, and the accusative to be a prefix.
“I shall be express the accusative with a prefix” - a British soldier nearby Tolkien.
Thanks for bringing up WorldAnvil! It seems like a great resource.
Lol i just started doing this yesterday, creating one for a language. Awesome to see you doing it in a video the day after.
Glad to be of service, pal.
What about a summary video of Irish Gaelic cases -- or also, how and why Gaelic uses -h or dot lenition with stops/fricatives, or how and why it uses e or I for so many purposes, or some clues into pronunciation of the vowel clusters or consonants. I'd love to understand this, as a real-world example of an Indo-European language, not so far removed from Latin or Germanic, that does something very different by comparison.
Laughs in Polish
(7 cases, 7 declension schemes, 12 conjugation schemes)
That's... Not that complicated, in arabic we have six minor-conjections ("abwaab" or "doors") plus four major-conjecations for "hallow verbs") and we have MANY declinations just to pluralize a noun depending on a lot of factors.
By the way Latin has 7 cases: nominative, vocative, accusative, genitive, dative, ablative and locative. Great video and keep up the good work.
Marcus Lacomus Hmmm in school I didnt learn about locative. I mean I only studied Latin for one year but I studied Romanian for 12 and they told us the only casus Romanian dropped from Latin was the ablative, yet we don't have locative. Interesting
AceVictory yeah, it is very rarely used and the ablative can be used instead so that's probably why you weren't taught about it.
It depends on how it's taught. The text books I know use the usual five cases for declension tables and list the few remaining instances of vocative and locative as exceptions. They usually add some footnote saying that technically, these are the remnants of other cases, but aren't really anymore, or words to that effect.
Latin has 7 cases, although the locative case is not used all the time.
Great video! 's is actually a contraction of es - the original suffix for the genitive case. So all uses of apostrophes are for contractions!
SO PROUD OF YOU!
NICE
I dunno why I didn't see this in my subscription list but I'm pumped for more conlanging content
I like the idea of making use of something other than suffixes to mark case. Like, maybe all consonants become aspirated in the accusative case.
If you ask me, make language as simple as possible. That is the best way. No need to make it harder if it carries the same information. That may be one of the main reasons why English is so widespread. Actually the main reason is information revolution (computers and internet, which originate form usa), but other than that, I think it's one of the simpler languages, and I think it's better that way..
Technicaly english is widespread because of its colonial past :)
I speak Russian. Currently, it has 3 declension, but long time ago it had 6: some one of them are merged. One subtype of one of declensions consisted only 6 or 7 words (there are still disputes about word домъ «home»).
No way! Only 6 or 7 words. Natlangs are weird. :P
I'm making a conlang, which definitely has locative and ablative noun cases. I didn't even know it was an actual thing.
My conlang, Dragonese, has almost 30 cases 'cause there's no prepositions at all(if we not classify "like" as a preposition). Two of these cases were made by me - first one is used instead of the English "am/is/are", and the second one is used when you tell that something is called with some name(for example: Harry - F̣əŋryq, my name is Harry - uno F̣əŋryqaş)
Thanks for including my mother tongue Luxembourgish as an example of an exceptional declension system! Yes, Luxembourgish has two cases: nominative and dative.
I decided to give my conlang a hicitive, ollative and superlative case. Hicitive signifies "here" (cat would be herecat). Ollative signifies "there" (rabbit would be thererabbit). Superlative signifies "favorite" (dog would be favdog).
At last, I understand! I will watch this a few more times to let it sink in more. I have a question: What resources would you recommend where we can learn about this tooic more in depth?
My conlang(luðed) has both word order and grammatical cases. The cases that appoint subject, direct and indirect object are not necessary when SVDI or SDIV is being used. They have the function to point out that some element is out of its place, take the phrase "the man gave to the dog a bone"
SVDI:Ðo vir diah bon ðe hufus
If you put bone in the final of the sentence like you did on the video:
SVID:Ðo vir dieh ðe hufusi boni or ðo vir dier ðe hufusu bon
-a is subject, -i is d. Object, -u is ind. Object
The other five cases are:
Associative:-as
Possessive:es
They correspond to english 's. The difference between each one, is that the possessive says that something belong to you, and the associative says that something is associated to you, but is not yours
This is *my* pen=Ðat ak eseh *ehes* rited (possessive)
She is my mother=auh eseh *ehas* a pater(associative)
Is=object used to make the action
I wrote with a pen=Eh Ritah ritedis
Os=from
I came from the city=Eh irah ðe ciŭdadis
Us=to
I will go to the US
Eh irah ðe US-us(proper name+grammatical case is separated by a -)
These videos are super informative and useful! And the graphics are well done!
Ever since I discovered noun cases, almost all of my conlangs have included them.
Noun cases are amazing, and my current conlang has 7 of them.
I want to note that your German pronounciation is excellent.
You should have talked about morphosyntatic aligment.
Also Accusative =/= Ergative.
If the verb is intranstive and you have a nomative-accusative language the subject is the nomative, if it's an ergative-Absolutive language than it's the ergative.
If you have a transtive verb and the language is nomative-accusative then this:
nomative verb accusative.
In an ergative absolutive language:
absolutive verb ergative.
Ergativity is on the list.