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What are you talking about this is Australian not American deer are not native to Australia. Back in the day they would have used a kangaroo ulna bone or metal wire they got in the same trade network they got the glass from.

It's a region in Australia.

Source? Your comment off the bat seems hyperbolic. And it also gives me a hint that you may not understand the difference between sex and gender, or the complexities and variations that arise throughout the genus Homo overall.

@@whatabouttheearth I like the description of the session that was canceled. “While it has become increasingly common in anthropology and public life to substitute ‘sex’ with ‘gender,’ there are multiple domains of research in which biological sex remains irreplaceably relevant.” I do not know, but suspect you're fluid on substituting sex with gender. How many are there of each for those who do? Once terminology is corrupted by politics, people are no longer talking about the same thing. "Fag," is that a cigarette or is that a pejorative for a gay? "I'm Randy," is that my name or saying I'm sexually aroused? Other academics favoring cancelation alleged the panelists were pushing harmful views conflicting with “settled science.” In other words, pushing hard science views conflicting with political science views is harmful. And so, it's like this. This cancelation proves why the teaching in John Stuart Mill's essay "On Liberty" is one such as cowards and tyrants take. You see, he said there are three reasons listen to the other person's point of view. First, you will find out why he is right and you are wrong. Second, you will find out why he is wrong and you are right. Third, you will find out a combination of the first two. And it's when those who cannot support their arguments who fear others will find out why the opposing arguments are correct, they shut down the debate. I mean, after all, it's settled political science that biological sex is not relevant, right, so who needs talk about sex?

@@whatabouttheearth I hope you will respond to my reply to your comments. If you do, please explain your understanding of the differences between sex and gender. How many of each are there? How many permutations of each are there? For example, there are four permutations of morality and legality. Something can be legal and moral, something can be legal but immoral. Something can be illegal and moral. Something can be illegal and immoral. How many permutations of sex and gender are there, within your understanding of the differences between the two just as morality and legality are different.

@@orlandofurioso7958 It's really not as simple as a few numbers. _____________Gender: GENDER is a social construct and an individual identification that related to ones psychology and neurochemistry. "Tom boys", "boys don't wear pink", cross dressing, "girls don't serve in the military" etc are a demonstrating the construct of gender. ________________Sex: BIOLOGICAL SEX is extremely complicated and based on a multitude of things. Biological sex is bimodal, not binary. XX and XY chromosomes are occasionally used as justification for a sex binary but XXYY, XXYY and other chromosomal groups also exist, and more importantly, GENETIC CHIMERISM exists, that is where individuals have BOTH XX and XY chromosomes throughout their body. So genetic chimeras alone defeat the argument that sex is a binary based on if a person has XX or XY sex chromosomes. That would have to be defined as bimodal. External genitalia and reproductive organs demonstrate bimodality and not a binary. There are many cases where someone with XX sex chromosomes can have the SRY gene attached to an X from their father, SRY is a major factor in a person developing male external reproductive organs. So there are people with XX sex chromosomes, who in all other way have the appearance and organs of a female, but have male genitalia. There are also things Swyers Syndrome and Kleinfelters Syndrome. There are Oveotestes, where someone has both ovaries and testes, both male and female gonads together. And what especially upholds the bimodal model of biological sex and proves that there is not a binary are things like Persistent Mulerian Duct Syndrome where a person has INTERNAL FEMALE reproductive organs (such as a uterus) and EXTERNAL MALE reproductive organs, right there a binary model based on reproductive organs is shown to be an inadequate analysis of what biological sex really is. Sex is bimodal. There are human beings with all sorts of configurations that do not correspond to a binary. The way someone looks (external phenotype) and there body structure, so also skeletal system, does not always correspond to the external or internal reproductive organs, and the external reproductive organs can be opposite to the internal. This also happens in the regularly sexually dimorphic regions of the brain, not everyone is "typical" to male or female (as opposed to "man" and "woman" which I try to reserve for gender not sex). I haven't been talking about trans people, but, it is interesting that many studies have shown that many trans people tested have sexually dimorphic brain regions that correspond with the sex that corresponds to their identity, and NOT THE SEX THEY WERE BORN AS. That is maybe slightly off topic from what I was talking about before which is that biological sex is bimodal and not binary, and scientists are still figuring out a lot about it. This shit is not as simple as a few numbers. I suggest reading 'The 7 Sexes: Biology of Sex Determination' by Dr. Elof Axel Carlson. And watching Forrest Valkais video 'Sex and Sensibility' (on his channel). It is not a simple thing at all, and why should we expect nature to be simple, it never is, biology is complicated, and that means biological sex too. Society, Psychology and Neuroscience is complicated and that means gender too.

We're fortunate this was released some 6 years ago. Trans and LGBTQI members of the anthropological community objected to discussing a topic on sexing skeletal remains for the joint meeting this November between The American Anthropological Association (the world’s largest scholarly and professional organization of anthropologists) and The Canadian Anthropology Society/Société. The topic has been removed.

​​​​​@@orlandofurioso7958 Source? Sex is absolutely not as simple as a simplistic binary of sexual dimorphism, that will only give you sexually dimorphic features that are predominant amongst a species, but there are always specimen that are ambiguous anatomically.

i heard that too

​@bluff_50 This is a University of New England, UNE video.

Jeff Flenniken is an archaeologist/flintknapper from the heyday in the rediscovery of advanced flintknapping techniques in the 1960s and 1970s. He was a student of Donald Crabtree, and continued with Crabtree's flintknapping fieldschools in Idaho through the 1980s. This video was made during a tour he did of Australian universities. The exclusive use of soft hammerstones, particularly for obsidian, is typical of the 'Crabtree School', and this is how Flenniken instructed flintknapping at his fieldschools.

Ok, thanks for the additional info. I was an anthropology grad student in the 60's and 70's when I first started trying to flint knap, so I knew of Crabtree. I started up again a few years ago so am clueless about those intervening years.

guessing that either reflects his expertise, or need to keep video short. You can slow the playback speed if necessary, which I am doing in places.

You r in which school

@@flipmaster4155 idk

looks like a forest fire passed over the carcass and then these bones were stepped on or scavenged which led to the break since bones are much weaker after heat. in the picture it looks like all of them are charred on top and sides, which would make the forest fire more likely, especially a windy one or one after a wet season, where the bones would keep moisture underneath. most likely an elk or deer from the size

@@clairmonteith1717 that sounds plausible. Thank you. You're the only one who has offered a theory.

John De Leon no not a sand pit in a park. This is the UNE knapping pit. We use sand as our knapping surface as it absorbs the energy of the struck flakes and prevents them rebounding onto other people. This is an important consideration as we conduct many demonstration and classes with people gathered around either watching or trying knapping for themselves. The sand is a safety feature to protect these people. When not in use this pit is covered and has signs warning that it contains sharp objects. So no kids playing here unless they are knapping.

富岡直人 glad you enjoyed the lecture. The work you are looking for is ‘bicondylar angle’.

@@TheARPAtube Thank you very much for your rapid reply! I understand the word "bicondylar"!