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ILIEKMATHPHYSICS
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Добавлен 12 мар 2014
Hello! I like to make videos on mathematical proofs and derivations!
Prove that the sum from n=0 to ∞ of x^n/n! converges (x≥0 case) (ILIEKMATHPHYSICS)
This video references the book "Introduction to Real Analysis" by Bartle and Sherbert (Fourth Edition)
Thanks and enjoy the video!
Real Analysis (Bartle and Sherbert) Playlist: ruclips.net/p/PLDiddIbnOEOWLbdQ4DoC8bfaV_y4VyOsS
Thanks and enjoy the video!
Real Analysis (Bartle and Sherbert) Playlist: ruclips.net/p/PLDiddIbnOEOWLbdQ4DoC8bfaV_y4VyOsS
Просмотров: 687
Видео
Proof of the Ratio Test for Infinite Series (test passes case) (ILIEKMATHPHYSICS)
Просмотров 37121 час назад
This video references the book "Introduction to Real Analysis" by Bartle and Sherbert (Fourth Edition) Thanks and enjoy the video! Real Analysis (Bartle and Sherbert) Playlist: ruclips.net/p/PLDiddIbnOEOWLbdQ4DoC8bfaV_y4VyOsS
Prove that the starting index of a sequence is irrelevant for convergence (ILIEKMATHPHYSICS)
Просмотров 238День назад
This video references the book "Introduction to Real Analysis" by Bartle and Sherbert (Fourth Edition) Thanks and enjoy the video! Real Analysis (Bartle and Sherbert) Playlist: ruclips.net/p/PLDiddIbnOEOWLbdQ4DoC8bfaV_y4VyOsS
Prove that the two definitions of a Cauchy sequence are equivalent (ILIEKMATHPHYSICS)
Просмотров 262День назад
This video references the book "Introduction to Real Analysis" by Bartle and Sherbert (Fourth Edition) Thanks and enjoy the video! Real Analysis (Bartle and Sherbert) Playlist: ruclips.net/p/PLDiddIbnOEOWLbdQ4DoC8bfaV_y4VyOsS
Prove that a sequence of real numbers (xn) is convergent if and only if (xn) is Cauchy
Просмотров 1,4 тыс.День назад
This video references the book "Introduction to Real Analysis" by Bartle and Sherbert (Fourth Edition) Thanks and enjoy the video! Real Analysis Playlist: ruclips.net/p/PLDiddIbnOEOWLbdQ4DoC8bfaV_y4VyOsS We use some preliminary results in this video: Every Cauchy sequence is bounded: ruclips.net/video/yB1fQ0ll2ok/видео.html Bolzano-Weierstrass Theorem: ruclips.net/video/iVeI4eMCWQQ/видео.html P...
Prove that |a^n - b^n| ≤ |a - b|n(max{|a|,|b|})^n-1 [ILIEKMATHPHYSICS]
Просмотров 57714 дней назад
This video is part of the “Proofs with Mathematical Induction” playlist of my channel Thanks and enjoy the video! Mathematical Induction Playlist: ruclips.net/p/PLDiddIbnOEOU89aEC9clZFOYj7FwSkWOx
Prove that sqrt(1+sqrt(1+sqrt(1+sqrt(...)))) = the golden ratio (ILIEKMATHPHYSICS)
Просмотров 3,3 тыс.21 день назад
This video references the book "Introduction to Real Analysis" by Bartle and Sherbert (Fourth Edition). For more details, see section 3.3 on the Monotone Convergence Theorem. Thanks and enjoy the video! Real Analysis (Bartle and Sherbert) Playlist: ruclips.net/p/PLDiddIbnOEOWLbdQ4DoC8bfaV_y4VyOsS
Proof of the Intermediate Value Theorem (ILIEKMATHPHYSICS)
Просмотров 72521 день назад
This video references the book "Introduction to Real Analysis" by Bartle and Sherbert (Fourth Edition). The proof given in the book is different from the one we are doing in the video. We will do the approach done in the book in a future video, where we use method of bisections. Thanks and enjoy the video! Real Analysis (Bartle and Sherbert) Playlist: ruclips.net/p/PLDiddIbnOEOWLbdQ4DoC8bfaV_y4...
Prove using epsilon-delta: Limit of (2x^2 - 3x + 1)/(x^3 + 4) = 1/4 as x approaches 2
Просмотров 52028 дней назад
This video references the book "Introduction to Real Analysis" by Bartle and Sherbert (Fourth Edition). This exercise is not given in the book, but exercises related to it are given in Section 4.1. Thanks and enjoy the video! Real Analysis (Bartle and Sherbert) Playlist: ruclips.net/p/PLDiddIbnOEOWLbdQ4DoC8bfaV_y4VyOsS
If lim{x→ξ} f = η, lim{y→η} g = L, ξ ∈ I an open interval f(x) ≠η for all x ∈ I then lim{x→ξ} g∘f =L
Просмотров 349Месяц назад
This video references the book "Introduction to Real Analysis" by Bartle and Sherbert (Fourth Edition). This exercise is not in the book, but we give it here so that in the future, we make a video where we rigorously establish that the two common definitions of a derivative are equivalent. For more information related to this theorem, see proofwiki.org/wiki/Limit_of_Composite_Function. We are l...
Prove the limit of 1/sqrt(3x+7) = 1/5 as x approaches 6 (using epsilon-delta) (ILIEKMATHPHYSICS)
Просмотров 779Месяц назад
This video references the book "Introduction to Real Analysis" by Bartle and Sherbert (Fourth Edition). For more details related to the types of exercises covered in this video, see section 4.1. Thanks and enjoy the video! Real Analysis (Bartle and Sherbert) Playlist: ruclips.net/p/PLDiddIbnOEOWLbdQ4DoC8bfaV_y4VyOsS
Prove the limit of 1/(x^2 - 2) = -1 as x approaches 1 (using epsilon-delta) (ILIEKMATHPHYSICS)
Просмотров 1,1 тыс.Месяц назад
This video references the book "Introduction to Real Analysis" by Bartle and Sherbert (Fourth Edition). For more details regarding the type of problem in this video, see Section 4.1. Thanks and enjoy the video! Real Analysis (Bartle and Sherbert) Playlist: ruclips.net/p/PLDiddIbnOEOWLbdQ4DoC8bfaV_y4VyOsS
Prove if lim(xn+1/xn) ﹤ 1, then lim(xn) = 0 [ILIEKMATHPHYSICS]
Просмотров 1,3 тыс.Месяц назад
This video references the book "Introduction to Real Analysis" by Bartle and Sherbert (Fourth Edition). This is given by Theorem 3.2.11 in the book. Here are the preliminary results we used in this video: Suppose (xn) is a sequence. If xn ≥ 0 for all n, then lim(xn) ≥ 0: ruclips.net/video/6OwttPIjZKo/видео.htmlsi=BpsIz0zfloyz9Uvg Suppose 0 ﹤ b ﹤ 1. Then lim(b^n) = 0: ruclips.net/video/V95RB0JMm...
Prove gcd(a,bc) = 1 if and only if gcd(a,b) = 1 and gcd(a,c) = 1 (ILIEKMATHPHYSICS)
Просмотров 364Месяц назад
This video is part of the “Number Theory” playlist of my channel Thanks and enjoy the video! Number Theory Playlist: ruclips.net/p/PLDiddIbnOEOUEobMraizteQA0VXIvOhIS
Suppose |A| = |B| are finite and f : A → B. Prove f is one-to-one iff f is onto (ILIEKMATHPHYSICS)
Просмотров 864Месяц назад
This video is part of the “Finite and Infinite Sets” playlist of my channel Thanks and enjoy the video! Finite and Infinite Sets Playlist: ruclips.net/p/PLDiddIbnOEOXlGvIgBBzgwwsSWf5epsw-
Prove every bounded sequence has a convergent subsequence (The Bolzano-Weierstrass Theorem)
Просмотров 467Месяц назад
Prove every bounded sequence has a convergent subsequence (The Bolzano-Weierstrass Theorem)
Prove that every sequence has a monotone subsequence (ILIEKMATHPHYSICS)
Просмотров 719Месяц назад
Prove that every sequence has a monotone subsequence (ILIEKMATHPHYSICS)
Proof of the Principle of Vacuous Truth (ILIEKMATHPHYSICS)
Просмотров 1,3 тыс.Месяц назад
Proof of the Principle of Vacuous Truth (ILIEKMATHPHYSICS)
Prove that the limit of √(n+√n) - √n = 1/2 (ILIEKMATHPHYSICS)
Просмотров 1,8 тыс.Месяц назад
Prove that the limit of √(n √n) - √n = 1/2 (ILIEKMATHPHYSICS)
Prove in any group, (ab)^-1 = b^-1*a^-1 (ILIEKMATHPHYSICS)
Просмотров 433Месяц назад
Prove in any group, (ab)^-1 = b^-1*a^-1 (ILIEKMATHPHYSICS)
Prove in any group, if ab = e then a = b^-1 and b = a^-1 (ILIEKMATHPHYSICS)
Просмотров 259Месяц назад
Prove in any group, if ab = e then a = b^-1 and b = a^-1 (ILIEKMATHPHYSICS)
Proof of the Sequential Criterion for Limits of a Function (ILIEKMATHPHYSICS)
Просмотров 351Месяц назад
Proof of the Sequential Criterion for Limits of a Function (ILIEKMATHPHYSICS)
Proving the "division algorithm" for real numbers (ILIEKMATHPHYSICS)
Просмотров 375Месяц назад
Proving the "division algorithm" for real numbers (ILIEKMATHPHYSICS)
Prove that every group element has a unique inverse (ILIEKMATHPHYSICS)
Просмотров 387Месяц назад
Prove that every group element has a unique inverse (ILIEKMATHPHYSICS)
Prove that the left and right cancellation laws hold for groups (ILIEKMATHPHYSICS)
Просмотров 3212 месяца назад
Prove that the left and right cancellation laws hold for groups (ILIEKMATHPHYSICS)
Prove that the limit of a function is unique (ILIEKMATHPHYSICS)
Просмотров 5982 месяца назад
Prove that the limit of a function is unique (ILIEKMATHPHYSICS)
Prove if n is an integer ﹥ 1 then the nth root of n is irrational (ILIEKMATHPHYSICS)
Просмотров 1,9 тыс.2 месяца назад
Prove if n is an integer ﹥ 1 then the nth root of n is irrational (ILIEKMATHPHYSICS)
Prove that the nth root of a positive integer is either a positive integer or irrational
Просмотров 1,1 тыс.2 месяца назад
Prove that the nth root of a positive integer is either a positive integer or irrational
Prove if a^n divides b^n, then a divides b (ILIEKMATHPHYSICS)
Просмотров 6112 месяца назад
Prove if a^n divides b^n, then a divides b (ILIEKMATHPHYSICS)
Prove if gcd(a,b) = 1 then gcd(a^n,b^n) = 1 [ILIEKMATHPHYSICS]
Просмотров 5062 месяца назад
Prove if gcd(a,b) = 1 then gcd(a^n,b^n) = 1 [ILIEKMATHPHYSICS]
Thx I was very confused before this
This channel is going to be huge one day fr
Is there any book recommed for set theory..?
You can't use n in your inductive hypothesis, because the number you are assuming the statement holds for is somewhere between the smallest number in your set of inputs and n, not n itself.
no, we are assuming the statement holds for n
I love you
Great explanation!
or you could simply use the ratio convergence test and see that lim k->+inf [ (x^(k+1) * k!)/(x^k * (k+1)!) ] = lim k->+inf [ x/(k+1) ] = 0 for any fixed x ∈ ℝ.
He wanted to use a different approach that the ratio convergence test. He said that at the beginning.
@ oh mb I didn’t hear that part
So the series absolutly converges for all real Numbers x?
Yes
@HappinessReborn I know that series is e^x
Great great video...you are the one! Tanks for your beautiful work
any clue what the proof would look like for any (positive integer) power n beyond just 2?
yeah, hint, you can use one of inequalities i proved in one of my recent videos (|a^n - b^n| <= |a - b| ...... times some other stuff; in this way you can give an epsilon delta proof for lim x->c of x^n = c^n
maybe i wont take real analysis lmao
Just wanted to say i appreciate how good these proofs videos are, they are so clear that I can follow and enjoy them in real time. I wasn’t used to enjoy math like this before.
Great video! The grounded style felt accessible and I appreciate your concise yet digestible pace. Thanks for the useful example too! Its been valuable seeing a proof in terms of this structure, especially your methods of indexing. Inspirational, great work!
thanks! i appreciate the support
I m watching this theoram from india mp gwalior.😅😅😅
Excellent explanation!
Trivial
Excellent video! I was wondering, do you have any book recommendations for formal logic? Especially books that actually prove everything, and not just tell you the theorems. Thanks in advance!
But does this mean that a+b=b+a?
I want to prove the (⇐) direction by the contra positive: Given (1) "x_n not convergent" means: ∀x∈ℝ ∃ε>0 ∀N∈ℤ⁺ ∃n≥N (|x_n-x|≥ ε). Want to show (2) "x_n not Cauchy" i.e: ∃ ε >0 ∀N∈ℤ⁺ ∃n,m≥N (|x_n-x_m|≥ ε). Pf: SPS "x_n not convergent", for N∈ℤ⁺ arbitrary, take x=x_k for some k≥N (since (1) holds for all x∈ℝ, it holds for each term in the sequence x_k). For that choice of x_k, choose ε >0 and n∈ℤ⁺ s.t n≥k (in (1), N≤k) and |x_n-x_k|≥ ε. (Note: n>k) With that ε>0 In (2), if for all N∈ℤ⁺ we take n,m∈ℤ⁺ such that m=k≥N, n>k (same n from previous), then we have |x_n-x_m|≥ ε, thus "x_n not Cauchy"
Bro went from 0 to 100 in two seconds. Great video. I love your from ground up approach to proofs.
i like such content but i wonder to know from where you get these theorems isnt like a pdf book or smthg..?
For the base case you can have a=0 and b=0 which makes the expression have an undefined 0^0.
You’re right. Just assume that a and b are distinct. In the case a=b this is not interesting or (as you mentioned) nonsense.
Great video!
I expected the difference of same power factoring but this 100% works.
Thm 2.1.9 says it's an exercise to prove 0 <= a <= e , but I don't see how it's any different from this. Solution manual says choose e = a>0 deriving the "contradiction" 0<e<=a but that's not a contradiction if e=a Look into it pls thx
I love your channel
bro this is in the as level maths textbook as well 💀
sir you helped alot
WAIT THIS IS TRUE
Real analysis is tough and I'm not a math major, but I feel like you missed proving that S is not empty.
why would we need S to be nonempty?
@@iliekmathphysics Sorry I might be dumb and like I said I'm not an expert in this field, but wouldn't you get into any problem to construct the monotone subsequence if S were empty? 🤔 This was a hard proof for me to follow. I also feel that if Xn is strictly increasing, then S is empty. There would be no Xm that is greater than or equal to all the terms after it. Where am I wrong?
it's all good, in the case where S is infinite clearly S is nonempty so we have nothing to worry about here in the case where S is finite, we are worried about whether or not S is empty. But if S is empty then S is bounded (the empty set is bounded, in fact, every real number is both an upper bound and a lower bound of the empty set); thus, the existence of u also holds for the case that S is the empty set, and the rest of the proof follows from here
@@iliekmathphysics ok thanks buddy. Am I right about the emptiness of S if Xn is strictly increasing?
@erfanmohagheghian707 yeah i agree with that
I think you made a mistake, you cant suppose inductively that Xn<(1+√5)/2 and prove X(n+1)<(1+√5)/2 because if you do so then you can also inductively suppose that for n>1 Xn>(1+√5)/2 and then prove that X(n+1)>(1+√5)/2 by your own same steps shown from the time stamp 6:20
there is no mistake there
@@iliekmathphysics Sorry then, but could you please explain how it is not a mistake?
it's okay, more precisely my above reply meant "i relooked at that section of the video and didn't find a mistake" To state what we have done more rigorously, we first proved "x1 < golden ratio". This is our base case "P(1)". Then we proved "for all n in Z+, if xn < golden ratio then xn+1 < golden ratio" This is our induction step "for all n in Z+, if P(n) then P(n+1)". Proving both the base case and induction step means we have proven "for all n in Z+, P(n)". That is, we have proven "for all n in Z+, xn < golden ratio". I did not check to see if the following statement is true, but i think this was the point you were trying to make: "for all n in Z+, if xn > golden ratio then xn+1 > golden ratio". Even if this statement was true, i don't see how this would imply "we cannot suppose inductively xn < golden ratio". In the induction step for the proof in the video, we really just let n be an arbitrary positive integer and assumed xn < golden ratio. Let me know if there is anything that is unclear
@@iliekmathphysics If we inductively assume that, "For every n in Z+ Xn>(1+√5)/2 then it implies that X(n+1)>(1+√5)/2" [you can check if it is true or not] which is a contradiction to your proof that "For every n in Z+ X(n+1)<(1+√5)/2 and that is why I am saying that there is a mistake. If you want an even deeper explanation for why are we assuming that Xn>(1+√5)/2 and why not Xn<(1+√5)/2 is because both situations can be equally true or false.
This statement: "For all n in Z+, if xn > golden ratio then xn+1 > golden ratio." is true, but i don't see how this means there is a problem with the proof.
Pfft! It's as easy as solving a quadratic equation; just need to form a recursive relationship. Let, √(1+√(1+√(1+...))) = x. So, x^2 = 1 + √(1+√(1+√(1+...))). Thus, x^2 = 1 + x [∵ √(1+√(1+√(1+...))) = x] Solving this quadratic equation leads us to the Golden ratio. ∴ x = (1±√5)/2 = ϕ QED.
Couldn't we just prove it using Peano axioms?
Thank you, that’s a great review💙
nice.
x = sqrt(1+sqrt(1+sqrt(1+...))) x = sqrt(1+x) x^2 - x - 1 = 0 so x = phi :)
technically +- phi from the quadratic; but the inf series of roots and ones in the original problem gives only positive
you need to prove convergence first
@@marcosmaldonado7890 ah.
@@yante7 its not to be annoying or anything sometimes doing tricks like that do not work on every case
The continued fraction of phi is 1+1/1+1/1+.... then there is a relegion of these two formulas .
In my head, if you denest one it's the same expression so say it equals x. We square both sides and minus one to get the same expression, which is x, equals x^2-1. Just move it over and famous phi formula
Or just solve x = sqrt(1+x)
You need to prove it converge first before solve this equation.
Very short proof. Can you please put up a link to your shortest video ever?
🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉 thank you very much for your beautiful work!!!!!!
Great video man. Thanks for being that organized, it has been really helpful for me :)
Can i get a link to the video for the result that you used!
yep, here it is For all x ≥ 0, there exists n ﹥ 0 such that n-1 ≤ x ﹤ n (Proof) [ILIEKMATHPHYSICS] ruclips.net/video/7YYRElDIl-0/видео.html
Keep it up bro, this is very good. The way you explain is just different from every math's related youtubers
Haha that's a massive premise for an if -> then proof
To prove the fact that it's increasing, use proof by induction... Base case: x1 = 1, x2 = sqrt(2), so x2 > x1. Easy base case. Inductive case: Assume x(n) > x(n-1). Then 1 + x(n) > 1 + x(n-1). Therefore, sqrt(1 + x(n)) > sqrt(1 + x(n-1)). Therefore x(n+1) > x(n). Inductive case done.
Nice
I just love these! every singe step clearly explained! :))
:)
Also please prove the extreme value theorem.